Waste gas separation and treatment atomization device

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste gas separation and treatment atomization device, including a mask with an air replenishment structure, an atomizer, and a waste gas disinfection treatment device after atomization; the waste gas disinfection treatment device includes a buffer air bag, a liquid filter, a salt crystal filter and a terminal purification filter connected in sequence through a pipeline; the liquid filter includes a liquid tank and a filtrate contained in the liquid tank; one end of the buffer air bag is connected to the mask through a pipeline provided with a one-way valve I to prevent waste gas backflow, and the other end is connected to the filtrate in the liquid filter through a pipeline; the top of the liquid tank is connected to the salt crystal filter through a pipeline; an exhaust pump for controlling the internal pressure of the buffer air bag is provided on the pipeline of the waste gas treatment device. The device of the present invention can comply with the breathing needs of the human body, reduce the increase in breathing resistance caused by the closed mask, realize the effective collection, filtration and inactivation of harmful aerosols such as drug particles and pathogenic microorganisms in the discharged waste gas, and prevent the adverse reactions and cross infection caused by the diffusion of harmful aerosols in the air.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of medical devices, and in particular relates to an atomizing device for separating and treating waste gas containing harmful pathogenic microorganisms and residual drugs. Background Art

[0002] Currently, many nebulizer inhalation treatment devices use open mask ventilation equipment. The aerosols containing harmful pathogenic microorganisms and residual drug particles exhaled by patients during the drug atomization process spread into the air through the open pores, which can easily cause cross-infection or drug toxicity among people in the same space, and potentially threaten the health of people around them. In the event of a sudden outbreak of respiratory-related infectious diseases, open nebulizer inhalation devices are only suitable for operating rooms with negative pressure suction or specific isolation wards, and cannot meet the diagnosis and treatment scenarios of large numbers of patients, seriously affecting the treatment and rehabilitation of patients.

[0003] The treatment of atomized exhaust gas requires solving two major problems: one is the collection of exhaust gas, and the other is the treatment of harmful aerosols in the exhaust gas.

[0004] At present, there is no nebulizer on the market that can truly realize the collection and treatment of atomized waste gas. Although there are inventions such as the patent authorization announcement number CN107456636A, the patent named "A nebulizer inhalation device for pediatric internal medicine" and other inventions that propose the use of a closed atomizer inhalation mask and the collection of exhaled waste gas by setting an exhaust channel on the mask, these solutions have failed to take into account the problem of air pressure balance in the closed mask during specific use, resulting in the products produced according to the design scheme cannot be used in reality. During the atomization treatment process, the gas flow rate in the closed mask is limited by the existing oxygen supply flow rate of the nebulizer. The gas flow rate required for the patient's normal breathing physiology leads to the occurrence of breathing difficulties in the patient. When the patient is in a normal breathing state, the tidal volume of one breath reaches hundreds to thousands of milliliters. When inhaling, the oxygen supply flow rate of the existing closed nebulizer is only 50-200ml / second, which cannot meet the demand for the total amount of inhaled gas in a short time, so the inhaled gas needs to be supplemented from the outside. When exhaling, the patient's exhaled gas is collected through a closed pipe system for terminal disinfection. Since the patient exhales quickly, the pipe pressure increases sharply in a short period of time, and the patient's exhalation resistance increases, causing the patient to have difficulty in exhaling, prompting the patient to breathe hard during the nebulization process. This not only reduces the drug atomization effect, but also easily further aggravates the lung damage of patients with respiratory diseases.

[0005] The current measures to deal with harmful aerosols generated during the atomization process mainly include centralized collection and filtration through a single-layer filter or activated carbon adsorption. However, the exhaled gas of patients contains a large amount of high-humidity liquid aerosols. After the aerosols are adsorbed and condensed into water, the adsorption capacity of the filter paper or activated carbon will soon reach saturation, thereby losing the purification ability. At the same time, the gas permeability of the saturated filter device deteriorates, and the exhaled gas is difficult to remove, which can easily cause patients to have difficulty exhaling. In addition, after the aerosols carrying a large number of pathogenic microorganisms are intercepted by the filter, the various pathogenic microorganisms that remain are likely to adhere to the filter and multiply in large numbers, which may pose a risk of secondary infection to the patient or others.

[0006] Although the patent authorization announcement number is CN207493028U and the name is "A nebulizer device for children", it involves setting up a terminal disinfection box in the exhaust gas discharge channel so that the toxic gas exhaled by the patient can be disinfected, the patent does not propose the specific structure and materials of the terminal disinfection box, nor does it propose a specific feasible solution for terminal exhaust gas disinfection. The patent publication number is CN108030988A and the patent name is "A nebulizer mask with a connected air path" proposes a solution that can effectively discharge exhaust gas. Although the mask patent takes into account that the gas exhaled by the patient in the undivided state of the respiratory airway during the nebulization process cannot be discharged in time, it will cause the retention of exhaust gas in the nebulizer chamber, thereby reducing the patient's subsequent nebulized aerosol concentration, prolonging the nebulization treatment time, and reducing the nebulization treatment effect. Therefore, the patent adds an exhaust passage and a one-way valve to the solution. However, the patent still ignores the collection and treatment of harmful aerosols with toxic side effects discharged by patients, and cannot effectively control potential cross-infection. The patent publication number is CN108744185A, and the patent name is "Mist control device box with filter plate". The patent proposes that the device box uses filter cotton or filter paper and other filtering materials to filter the patient's exhaust gas to reduce the pollution of the aerosol of medicinal liquid in the waste gas to the environment. Although the device box proposes a specific plan for the treatment of harmful aerosol components, the actual feasibility of the research plan may become a practical obstacle to the patent. It is worth noting that although components such as filter paper, filter cotton, and activated carbon can adsorb harmful aerosols in the gas to a certain extent, the adsorption and holding capacity of such substances are limited. In the case of direct filtration of high-humidity liquid aerosols, the filter material components are very easy to reach saturation, thereby reducing or even losing the filtering and adsorption capacity that the filter material itself should have. At the same time, the disinfection treatment function of the atomization device based on the adsorption principle is quickly lost, and the actual application effect of the product is poor, the value is reduced, and the application effectiveness is low.

[0007] In summary, the atomization devices and related patent solutions in the prior art have problems such as the lack of waste gas treatment, which may easily lead to cross infection, unreasonable design structure, which may cause breathing difficulties for patients, and unreasonable waste gas treatment scheme, which may lead to poor filtering effect of patients' exhaled waste gas. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a waste gas separation and treatment atomization device to solve the problem that there is currently no atomization device on the market that can truly realize waste gas collection and treatment, which is easy to cause cross infection. At the same time, it solves the problems existing in the existing atomization waste gas treatment technical solutions, such as affecting the patient's breathing, reducing the atomization effect, potentially aggravating the patient's lung damage, and the poor filtering effect of the patient's exhaled waste gas.

[0009] The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a waste gas separation and treatment atomization device, comprising a sealing mask, an atomizer connected to the sealing mask through a pipeline, a waste gas disinfection treatment device and an air replenishment structure on the sealing mask; the waste gas disinfection treatment device comprises a buffer air bag for collecting and discharging waste gas, a liquid filter, a salt crystallization filter and a final purification filter connected in sequence through pipelines; the liquid filter comprises a liquid tank and a filtrate contained in the lower part of the liquid tank, and the top of the liquid tank is connected to the salt crystallization filter through a pipeline; one end of the buffer air bag is connected to the sealing mask through a pipeline provided with a one-way valve I for preventing the backflow of waste gas, and the other end thereof is connected to the filtrate in the liquid filter; an exhaust air pump for controlling the internal pressure of the buffer air bag is provided on the pipeline of the waste gas treatment device.

[0010] The sealed mask fits tightly with the patient's face to prevent cross infection and environmental pollution caused by gas exchange inside and outside the sealed mask. If a closed atomizing inhalation mask is used, the oxygen supply gas flow in the sealed mask cannot meet the patient's normal breathing needs, resulting in the occurrence of inspiratory dyspnea in the patient. The air replenishment structure can effectively alleviate the patient's inhalation difficulty, the gas flow is sufficient, and the drug is easier to reach the deep end of the respiratory tract, which improves the drug atomization effect. The liquid filter, salt crystal filter and terminal purification filter are used in sequence for the patient's exhaled waste gas to effectively remove harmful aerosols such as liquid medicine particles and pathogenic microorganisms in the patient's exhaled waste gas, and the purification efficiency is as high as 99.95% or more. By setting a one-way valve I, the patient's exhaled waste gas is prevented from flowing back into the sealed mask, and the patient is prevented from repeatedly inhaling the waste gas to affect the efficacy and cause secondary damage. By setting an exhaust air pump, the pressure in the entire waste gas treatment device can be prevented from increasing sharply and affecting the patient's exhalation. Especially for critically ill patients with dyspnea, the patient does not need to exhale forcefully during the atomization process, which effectively ensures the patient's smooth breathing and helps to relieve the patient's respiratory muscle fatigue. The harmful components in the waste gas are aerosols containing residual drug atomized particles and various pathogenic microorganisms, as well as a large number of liquid molecules, which are high-humidity gases. After the high-humidity gas passes through a liquid filter with a disinfecting and inactivating effect, most of the harmful aerosols are adsorbed in the filtrate.

[0011] Furthermore, the air pump is arranged on the pipeline between the buffer air bag and the liquid filter. The air pump speed is adjustable. During use, the air pump speed matches the oxygen supply flow rate of the nebulizer. When the patient exhales, it is necessary to overcome the hydraulic pressure in the liquid filter, which is particularly difficult for some critically ill patients. In order to prevent the occurrence of expiratory dyspnea, the air pump is arranged between the air bag and the filtrate filter to assist in the discharge of waste gas and reduce the patient's respiratory work consumption.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of branch exhaust pipes or a multi-hole shower structure are arranged at the connection part where the other end of the buffer airbag is connected to the filtrate in the liquid filter. When the waste gas discharged by the patient enters the filtrate at the bottom of the liquid filter through the pipeline, the multi-hole arrangement ensures that the same exhaust cross-sectional area is not reduced, and the exhaust gas is dispersed to increase the contact area between the gas and the filtrate, thereby increasing the absorption of the atomized liquid aerosol, and greatly improving the purification effect of the filtrate filter.

[0013] Furthermore, the air replenishment structure is a pipe connection passage opening on the sealing mask, and a one-way valve II is provided on the connection passage to prevent the atomized gas from flowing into the environment. By providing the one-way valve II on the sealing mask, the patient's inhalation is ensured to be smooth, and the waste gas exhaled by the patient will not be released into the external space, with a simple structure and low cost.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid filter also includes a water filtering structure, which includes several layers of metal filter screens for condensing water vapor, and the metal filter screens are arranged between the surface of the filtrate in the liquid tank and the gas outlet of the liquid tank. By setting the metal filter screen, the liquid filter and the salt crystallization filter can be isolated, and the water vapor volatilized from the liquid filter condenses on the metal filter screen, and the condensed water droplets flow back into the filtrate at the bottom of the liquid filter by gravity. The setting of the water filtering structure effectively avoids the situation where the salt crystals in the salt crystallization filter are dissolved in large quantities due to the remaining large amount of water vapor after the exhaust gas passes through the liquid filter, thereby ensuring the efficient purification effect of the salt crystallization filter.

[0015] Furthermore, the metal filter is arranged at an angle with the inner wall of the liquid tank, so that water vapor condenses on the metal filter, which facilitates the condensed water to quickly flow back into the filtrate.

[0016] Furthermore, the water filtering structure further includes a water-absorbing sponge for absorbing water vapor, and the water-absorbing sponge is arranged between the metal filter screen and the gas outlet of the liquid tank. By setting the water-absorbing sponge, the water vapor in the filtrate filter can be effectively blocked from entering the salt crystal filter, thereby ensuring the purification effect of the salt crystal filter.

[0017] Furthermore, there are two liquid filters, namely liquid filter I and liquid filter II; the outlet pipe of liquid filter I is connected to the filtrate in liquid filter II. By setting two filtrate filters, the purification effect of the waste gas exhaled by the patient can reach more than 92%, effectively reducing the content of harmful aerosols such as drug particles and pathogenic microorganisms in the exhaled gas, and at the same time, it can also ensure the purification effect of the subsequent purification device. More than two liquid filters can also be set to achieve better filtering effect. The filtrate in the liquid filter can be a common disinfectant, such as a chlorine-containing disinfectant, an alcohol disinfectant, a quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant, or a hypertonic saline solution. Ordinary purified water can also be used.

[0018] Further, the salt crystal filter includes a housing and a salt crystal filter element arranged in the housing to filter the exhaust gas; the salt crystal filter element is composed of a support arranged in a grid shape in the housing and salt crystals arranged on the support; the salt crystals include one or more of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfate, ammonium salt, phosphate, glutamate, tartrate and their ions. Crystallized salt is a coarse-grained salt crystal. The support is a mesh pore structure, and the pore size is preferably such that the salt crystal particles are not filtered or dropped. The salt crystal filter is composed of salt crystals laid flat on a fine grid support, and the gas filtered by the liquid filter flows through the salt crystal disinfection layer and enters the final filtration purification filter through the pipeline. The disinfection process of the gas in the salt crystal filter can cause the salt crystals to dissolve locally to a very small extent, forming a local high-concentration salt solution. After the atomization is completed, the salt crystal filter is heated or dried naturally, and the salt solution therein will recrystallize to achieve a reusable effect, and various pathogens are inactivated in the hypertonic environment of the salt solution and the recrystallization process.

[0019] Furthermore, the salt crystal filter also includes a heating device, which includes a sleeve arranged between the outer shell and the salt crystal filter element and a heating structure arranged between the sleeve and the outer shell. Through the arrangement of the sleeve and the heating structure, the salt crystals can be restored to a dry state in time, the inactivation ability can be maintained, and water vapor can be prevented from excessively dissolving the salt crystals, thereby reducing the effect of filtration and inactivation. The heating structure can be set to constant temperature heating to ensure appropriate constant temperature heating without damaging the device due to excessive temperature. At the same time, maintaining a constant temperature at a higher temperature for a certain period of time (such as 62°C-65°C, 30min or 75°C-90°C, 15s-16s) also has a disinfecting effect.

[0020] Furthermore, the final purification filter includes a filter cartridge and a HEPA filter disposed in the filter cartridge to filter the exhaust gas. The composite antibacterial HEPA filter can effectively adsorb and purify ultrafine suspended particles with a particle size of about 0.005 μm in the air through deep electrostatic electret treatment, such as heavy metal powder, dust, pollen, abrasive particles, flue gas, spores, liquid particles, cigarette smoke, viruses, carbon black, soot, combustion cores and more than 80 kinds of harmful suspended matter and suspended particles, with a purification efficiency of up to 99.972%, a resistance of only 32Pa, and a filter paper antibacterial grade of 5.2 for Staphylococcus aureus (standard antibacterial grade ≥ 2.0). On the basis of the previous two-stage filtration device, the exhaust gas exhaled by the patient can be purified by setting the final purification filter to a purification rate of 99.99%, effectively preventing the spread of pathogens into the air, especially for hospitals without negative pressure facilities, exposed medical staff and other personnel, which can effectively block the spread of pathogens.

[0021] Furthermore, a one-way valve III is provided on the passage connecting the nebulizer and the sealing mask to prevent the gas in the sealing mask from flowing back to the nebulizer. The setting of the one-way valve III can prevent the waste gas exhaled by the patient from entering the nebulizer, prevent cross contamination of the nebulizer, and prevent the patient from repeatedly inhaling the waste gas to affect the efficacy of the medicine. When the patient inhales, the one-way valve automatically opens to allow the atomized medicine to enter the sealing mask. When the patient exhales, the one-way valve automatically closes to prevent the airflow ejected by the patient's breathing from entering the nebulizer body, thereby preventing bacteria from remaining in the nebulizer body and preventing the next patient from using the nebulizer device and causing cross infection.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a detection reflux device, which includes a detector connected to the final purification device through a pipeline, a gas diverter connected to the detector through a pipeline, and a controller electrically connected to the detector and the gas diverter respectively; the gas diverter is provided with two branch outlets, one of which is connected to the pipeline between the one-way valve I and the filtrate filter through a pipeline, and the other branch outlet is connected to the air; the detector is used to detect whether the exhaust gas discharged from the final purification device meets the emission indicators, thereby controlling the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the gas diverter.

[0023] By supplementing the detection reflux device, the waste gas that does not meet the standards can be reintroduced into the waste gas treatment device for centralized disinfection again; when the gas discharged from the detector meets the standards, the controller controls the gas diverter to discharge the purified waste gas into the environment, ensuring the purification effect of the entire waste gas separation and treatment atomization device.

[0024] The principle of the present invention is as follows: after the patient puts on the atomizing sealing mask, the atomizer is started, and during the inhalation process, the gas and atomized medicine are inhaled through the one-way valve I and the atomizer pipeline. During the exhalation movement, the gas exhaled by the patient enters the buffer air bag, and under the action of the air pump, the waste gas passes through the liquid filter, the salt crystal filter and the final purification filter in sequence, and is detected by the detector. After meeting the standards, it can be discharged into the environment through the gas diverter.

[0025] The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device of the present invention has the following benefits:

[0026] 1. Through the closed loop of non-open atomization sealed mask, the integrated fully enclosed closed loop of atomizer, sealed mask, exhaust gas treatment device, etc. is adopted to ensure the cleanliness of the exhaust gas without pollution. It can not only ensure the normal supply of oxygen required by patients, but also effectively and correctly collect and treat the exhaust gas generated during the atomization process, and finally discharge the gas harmlessly, protecting others from cross infection and the toxic side effects of drugs.

[0027] 2. Adopt the closed airflow delivery method. The existing oxygen supply flow rate of the nebulizer cannot meet the gas flow required for normal human breathing. An air replenishment device is set at the gas input end or the sealed mask contact end. The negative pressure state in the sealed mask during inhalation is used to attract external airflow to flow in and mix with the drug spray ejected by the nebulizer to increase the amount of gas inhaled by the patient, supplement the normal breathing needs of the human body, and effectively alleviate the occurrence of symptoms such as dyspnea caused by insufficient gas and low air pressure during breathing.

[0028] 3. The exhaust resistance of the atomization treatment system equipped with a three-stage waste gas disinfection and filtration device will be greatly increased, and the harmful aerosols discharged during the patient's atomization process cannot be completely and effectively treated in a short time. In view of this situation, the method of adding a buffer airbag is adopted to temporarily store and buffer the patient's exhaled waste gas, reduce the exhalation resistance, slow down the surging speed of the gas in the pipeline, prolong the contact time between the exhaust gas and the disinfection and filtration device, increase the disinfection contact area, so that the harmful aerosols can be fully disinfected inside the atomization treatment system device, and increase the safety of the exhaust gas.

[0029] 4. A negative pressure suction device such as an air pump is set in the process of gas discharge. The air pump speed is adjustable. By adjusting the air pump speed to adapt to the atomization oxygen supply and the patient's respiratory flow rate, the harmful gas in the buffer airbag is evenly sucked into the exhaust gas treatment device, effectively maintaining a low pressure level in the airbag and the exhaust airway, forming a low-pressure and unobstructed gas discharge-temporary storage-disinfection treatment channel, reducing the patient's expiratory resistance, avoiding the occurrence of expiratory dyspnea, allowing the patient to breathe smoothly, and enhancing the patient's comfort in using the product.

[0030] 5. For the waste gas treatment device, the present invention adopts a three-stage disinfection filtration treatment device. The water filter uses the adsorption effect of water molecules or disinfectant components on aerosols to effectively absorb most of the discharged harmful gases and aerosol components; the salt crystal components are evenly spread in the salt crystal filter of the secondary disinfection device to achieve the maximum degree of disinfection and sterilization; the final purification processor of the tertiary purification device can further ensure the safety and hygiene of the gas discharged into the environment, and the purification rate can reach more than 99.99%. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device of the present invention uses common materials, has low consumables cost, is economical and practical, and is easy for consumers to accept.

[0031] 6. The liquid filter, salt crystal filter and final purification filter in the waste gas treatment atomization device of the present invention are all detachable, washable and replaceable, and the ability of salt crystal to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms is regenerable. The structure is simple, the purification effect is outstanding, and the use cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The contents expressed in the drawings of the specification and the symbols in the drawings are briefly explained:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0036] In the figure: 1 is a sealing mask, 2 is a nebulizer, 3 is a buffer air bag; 4 is a liquid filter, 41 is a liquid tank; 42 is a filtrate; 43 is a metal filter; 44 is a water-absorbing sponge; 5 is a salt crystal filter, 51 is a shell; 52 is a salt crystal filter element; 53 is a sleeve; 54 is a heating structure; 6 is a final purification filter; 61 is a filter cartridge; 62 is a HEPA filter; 7 is a one-way valve I; 8 is an air pump; 9 is a one-way valve II; 10 is a one-way valve III; 11 is a detector; 12 is a gas diverter; 13 is a controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is further described below with reference to a non-limiting embodiment of the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention. Example

[0038] like Figure 1As shown, the waste gas separation and treatment atomization device comprises a sealed sealing mask 1, an atomizer 2 connected to the sealed mask 1 through a pipeline, a waste gas disinfection treatment device, and an air replenishment structure on the sealed mask 1; the waste gas disinfection treatment device comprises a buffer air bag 3 for collecting and discharging waste gas, a liquid filter 4, a salt crystal filter 5, and a final purification filter 6 connected in sequence through pipelines; the liquid filter 4 comprises a liquid tank 41 and a filtrate 42 contained in the lower part of the liquid tank 41, and the top of the liquid tank 41 is connected to the salt crystal filter 5 through a pipeline; one end of the buffer air bag 3 is connected to the sealed mask 1 through a pipeline provided with a one-way valve I to prevent the backflow of waste gas, and the other end thereof is connected to the filtrate 42 in the liquid filter 4; an exhaust air pump 8 for controlling the internal pressure of the buffer air bag 3 is provided on the pipeline of the waste gas treatment device. The air pump 8 is arranged on the pipeline between the buffer air bag 3 and the liquid filter 4. The air replenishment structure is a pipeline connection passage opened on the sealed mask 1 and provided with a one-way valve II9 to prevent the atomized gas from flowing to the outside. A connection portion where the other end of the buffer airbag 3 communicates with the filtrate 42 in the liquid filter 4 is provided with a plurality of branch exhaust pipes or a shower structure with multiple through holes.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, there are two liquid filters 4, namely liquid filter I and liquid filter II; the outlet pipe of the liquid filter I is connected to the filtrate 42 in the liquid filter II. The filtrate 42 of this embodiment uses chlorine-containing disinfectant as the filtrate 42. The exhaust gas passes through the primary liquid filter 4 twice, which can remove more than 92% of the aerosol in the exhaust gas as shown in Table 1, reducing the disinfection and purification filtration pressure of the subsequent salt crystallization filter 5 and the final purification filter 6, and can be disassembled and cleaned after continuous use by multiple people, extending the service life of the exhaust gas treatment device and reducing the cost of use. A one-way valve III10 is provided on the pipeline connecting the atomizer 2 and the sealing mask 1 to prevent the gas in the sealing mask 1 from flowing back to the atomizer 2.

[0040] PM10 (μg / m³) PM2.5 (μg / m³) PM1.0 (μg / m³) Environmental base value 51 37 21 Before purification 999 999 587 Liquid filter Ⅰ (1000ml) 205 137 80 Liquid filter Ⅱ (2000ml) 78 56 32 Aerosol residual rate 1 0.21 0.14 0.14 Purification rate 1 0.79 0.86 0.86 Aerosol residual rate 2 0.08 0.06 0.05 Purification rate 2 0.92 0.94 0.95

[0041] Table 1 Liquid filter purification efficiency table

[0042] In Table 1, PM1.0-PM10 represent the concentrations of various specifications of inhalable aerosol particles; "Environmental base value" represents the initial concentrations of various specifications of aerosols in the ambient air outside the sealed mask 1; "Before purification" represents the aerosol concentration of the waste gas collected in the buffer airbag 3; "Liquid filter I" represents the concentration of the waste gas after passing through the filter. Figure 1 The aerosol residual concentration after the liquid filter I is described; "Liquid filter II" means that the exhaust gas passes through Figure 1The aerosol residual concentration after the liquid filter II; "Aerosol residual rate 1" indicates the ratio of the value of "liquid filter I" to the value of "before purification"; "Purification rate 1" = 1-"Aerosol residual rate 1", which means the purification efficiency of the liquid filter I; "Aerosol residual rate 2" indicates the ratio of the value of "liquid filter II" to the value of "before purification"; "Purification rate 2" = 1-"Aerosol residual rate 2", which means the purification efficiency of the waste gas after passing through the liquid filter I and the liquid filter II. As can be seen from Table 1, the purification efficiency of the atomized waste gas in the sealing mask 1 can reach more than 92% after being collected and filtered by the liquid filter 4.

[0043] The salt crystal filter 5 includes a housing 51 and a salt crystal filter element 52 arranged in the housing 51 to filter the exhaust gas; the salt crystal filter element 52 is composed of a support arranged in a grid shape in the housing 51 and salt crystals attached to the support; the crystallized salt is a coarse-grained salt crystal. The support is a two-layer mesh pore structure arranged on the housing 51, and the salt crystals are sandwiched between the two layers of mesh pore structure. The pore size is suitable to prevent the salt crystal particles from filtering and falling. The salt crystals are sodium chloride crystals. The use of sodium chloride greatly saves costs and reduces the medical expenses of patients. The sodium chloride used in this embodiment is not necessarily limited to the salts in this embodiment. After the exhaust gas passes through the salt crystal filter 5, 99% of the harmful aerosols in the exhaust gas can be filtered and disinfected.

[0044] The final purification filter 6 comprises a filter cartridge 61 and a HEPA filter 62 disposed in the filter cartridge 61 for filtering the exhaust gas. The purification efficiency of the pathogens and aerosols of the gas filtered by the HEPA filter 62 can reach more than 99.99%. Example

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that:

[0046] The liquid filter 4 also includes a water filtering structure, which includes several layers of metal filter screens 43 for condensing water vapor, and the metal filter screens 43 are arranged between the surface of the filtrate 42 in the liquid tank 41 and the gas outlet of the liquid tank 41. The water filtering structure also includes a water absorbing sponge 44 for absorbing water vapor, and the water absorbing sponge 44 is arranged between the metal filter screen 43 and the gas outlet of the liquid tank 41. The water filtering structure is respectively arranged on the liquid filter I and the liquid filter II. By arranging the water filtering structure on the liquid filter I, it is possible to prevent the water vapor in the liquid filter I from being incompletely filtered out by the liquid filter II, which can improve the filtering efficiency and extend the service life of the water filtering structure in the liquid filter II. By setting the water filtering structure, 95%-98% of the aerosol in the exhaust gas can be removed through the two-stage filtrate 42 filter, further reducing the humidity of the exhaust gas and extending the effective service life of the subsequent purification materials.

[0047] A detection reflux device is also provided at the end of the waste gas disinfection treatment device, and the detection reflux device includes a detector 11 connected to the final purification device through a pipeline, a gas diverter 12 connected to the detector 11 through a pipeline, and a controller 13 electrically connected to the detector 11 and the gas diverter 12 respectively; the gas diverter 12 is provided with two branch outlets, one of which is connected to the pipeline between the buffer airbag 3 and the liquid filter 4 through a pipeline, and the other branch outlet is connected to the air; the detector 11 detects whether the waste gas discharged from the final purification device meets the emission index, so as to control the flow direction of the waste gas in the gas diverter 12 through the controller 13. Figure 2 As shown, if the gas is tested by the detector 11 and the result shows that it is qualified, the gas diverter 12 is controlled by the controller 13 to be directly discharged into the environment; if the aerosol test is unqualified, the gas diverter 12 is controlled by the controller 13 to return the treated gas to the third-level filter. 100% of the exhaust gas purification can be achieved.

[0048] Example 3:

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that:

[0050] A main pipe is connected to the sealing mask 1, and the nebulizer 2 is connected to the main pipe through a one-way valve III10, and the one-way valve I7 and the one-way valve II9 are respectively connected to the main pipe between the one-way valve III10 and the sealing mask 1 through a branch pipe. By connecting a main pipe to the sealing mask 1, the functions of atomization gas replenishment and exhaust can be realized. When the patient inhales, the one-way valve II9 and the one-way valve III10 are opened respectively, the one-way valve I7 is closed, and the medicine mixed air sprayed by the nebulizer 2 enters the sealing mask 1; when the patient exhales, the one-way valve I7 is opened, the one-way valve II9 and the one-way valve III10 are closed, and the gas exhaled by the patient enters the buffer airbag 3 through the branch pipe; wherein the gas flow rate of the exhaust of the air pump 8 is adapted to the atomization oxygen supply and the patient's breathing flow rate, so as to prevent the ambient gas from entering the buffer airbag 3 when the air pump 8 is exhausted. By setting the main pipe and each branch pipe, the setting of each pipeline is simplified, the operation is simpler, the cost is reduced, and the structures are more regular and orderly.

[0051] The salt crystal filter 5 also includes a heating device, which includes a sleeve 53 sleeved in the housing 51 and a heating structure 54 wound around the outside of the sleeve 53; the salt crystal filter element 52 is arranged in the sleeve 53, and the sleeve 53 and the appropriate constant temperature adjustable heating structure 54 are arranged to keep the salt crystals dry in time, maintain the inactivation ability, prevent water vapor from excessively dissolving the salt crystals, thereby reducing the filtering and inactivation effect, and effectively avoid damage to the equipment due to excessive temperature. At the same time, maintaining a constant temperature at a higher temperature for a certain period of time, such as 62℃-65℃, 30min or 75℃-90℃, 15s-16s, itself also has a disinfecting effect.

[0052] The processing, sending and receiving programs related to the controller 13 of the present invention are conventional technical choices of those skilled in the art, belong to the prior art, and are technical solutions that can be obtained without creative work, and are not the objects protected by the present invention.

[0053] The above embodiments should be understood to be only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. After reading the contents of the present invention, technicians can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Waste gas separation and treatment atomization device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sealing mask (1), an atomizer (2) connected to the sealing mask (1) via a pipeline, an exhaust gas disinfection treatment device, and an air supply structure on the sealing mask (1); the exhaust gas disinfection treatment device comprises a buffer air bag (3) for collecting and discharging exhaust gas, a liquid filter (4), a salt crystal filter (5), and a final purification filter (6) connected in sequence via a pipeline; the liquid filter (4) comprises a liquid tank (41) and a filtrate (42) contained in the lower part of the liquid tank (41), and the top of the liquid tank (41) is connected to the salt crystal filter (5) via a pipeline; one end of the buffer air bag (3) is connected to the sealing mask (1) via a pipeline provided with a one-way valve I for preventing exhaust gas backflow, and the other end of the buffer air bag (3) is connected to the filtrate (42) in the liquid filter (4) via a pipeline; an exhaust air pump (8) for controlling the internal pressure of the buffer air bag (3) is provided on the pipeline of the exhaust gas treatment device; The air pump (8) is arranged on a pipeline between the buffer airbag (3) and the liquid filter (4); The gas replenishment structure is a pipeline connecting passageway opening on the sealing mask (1), and a one-way valve II (9) is arranged on the connecting passageway to prevent the atomized gas from flowing into the environment; a one-way valve III (10) is arranged on the pipeline connecting the atomizer (2) and the sealing mask (1) to prevent the gas in the sealing mask (1) from flowing back into the atomizer (2).

2. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid filter (4) further comprises a water filtering structure, the water filtering structure comprising a plurality of layers of metal filter screens (43) for capturing and condensing water vapor, the metal filter screens (43) being arranged between the surface of the filtrate (42) in the liquid tank (41) and the gas outlet of the liquid tank (41).

3. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water filtering structure further comprises a water absorbing sponge (44) for absorbing water vapor, wherein the water absorbing sponge (44) is arranged between the metal filter screen (43) and the air outlet of the liquid tank (41).

4. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of branch exhaust pipes or a shower structure with multiple through holes is provided at a connection portion where the other end of the buffer air bag (3) communicates with the filtrate (42) in the liquid filter (4).

5. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt crystal filter (5) comprises a housing (51) and a salt crystal filter element (52) arranged in the housing (51) for filtering exhaust gas; the salt crystal filter element (52) is composed of a support arranged in a grid shape in the housing and salt crystals arranged on the support; the salt crystals include one or more of sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sulfate, ammonium salt, phosphate, glutamate, tartrate and ions thereof.

6. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt crystallization filter (5) further comprises a heating device, comprising a sleeve (53) sleeved between the outer shell (51) and the salt crystallization filter element (52), and a heating structure (54) arranged between the sleeve (53) and the outer shell (51).

7. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The final purification filter (6) comprises a filter cartridge (61) and a HEPA filter (62) arranged in the filter cartridge (61) for filtering exhaust gas.

8. The waste gas separation and treatment atomization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a detection reflux device, the detection reflux device comprising a detector (11) connected to the final purification device via a pipeline, a gas diverter (12) connected to the detector (11) via a pipeline, and a controller (13) electrically connected to the detector (11) and the gas diverter (12), respectively; the gas diverter (12) is provided with two branch outlets, one of which is connected to the pipeline between the buffer air bag (3) and the liquid filter (4) via a pipeline, and the other branch outlet is connected to the air; the detector (11) is used to detect whether the exhaust gas discharged from the final purification device meets the emission index, so that the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the gas diverter (12) is controlled by the controller (13).

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