A superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material

Abstract

The present invention discloses a superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material. The guide rail is formed by a plurality of polygonal magnetic steels closely arranged in a single row in sequence. The magnetization directions of adjacent magnetic steels are different. The magnetization directions of adjacent magnetic steels converge. At least one piece of soft magnetic material is filled in the plurality of magnetic steels of the guide rail, and the soft magnetic material is used for magnetic flux conduction. The number of sides of the polygonal magnetic steel is N, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 3. The polygonal magnetic steel is a combination of polygonal magnetic steels of the same structure or a combination of two or more polygonal magnetic steels of different structures. In implementation, the soft magnetic material is used for magnetic flux conduction. The addition of the soft magnetic material will greatly reduce the magnetic field strength of the left and right magnetic poles, thereby reducing the demagnetization problem caused by the convergence of the same magnetic poles. At the same time, the polygonal permanent magnet is replaced by the soft magnetic material, which greatly reduces the cost of the guide rail, and at the same time allows the guide rail to approach the magnetic field strength effect of the full magnetic steel guide rail, which has a high cost performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention mainly relates to the technical field of superconducting suspension guide rails, in particular to a superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic materials, and more particularly to a superconducting suspension guide rail which uses soft magnetic materials to conduct magnetic fields. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, a superconductor in the superconducting state will exhibit the zero resistance characteristic of a sudden drop in resistance and the Meissner effect of complete anti-magnetic flux. The superposition of these two effects will cause the superconducting material to form a force that resists the existing magnetic field, making the resultant force zero, resulting in the superconducting material being stably suspended above a constant magnetic field.

[0003] The common superconductors at present are type II superconductors, which do not fully exhibit the Meissner effect in the mixed state. The thinner superconductors will form quantized flux conduits inside to allow the magnetic lines of force to pass through. The passing magnetic lines of force will pin the superconducting material. If there is a position deviation, the magnetic lines of force will pass through the flux conduit via a longer path. According to the first theorem, a force will be generated to restore the superconducting material to its original position. Therefore, the high-temperature superconducting suspension system of type II superconductors has the property of self-stabilization and does not require an additional control system.

[0004] In the prior art, the high-temperature superconducting material suspension achieved refers to the suspension of commonly used yttrium barium copper oxide superconductors (YBCO), gadolinium oxide superconductors (GdBaCuO), and rare earth ReBaCuO superconductors. The suspension process is usually to cool the material to below the critical temperature in a constant magnetic field, and then be captured by the constant magnetic field to achieve the pinning effect of the superconductor on the magnetic flux. At this time, the superconducting suspension is a self-stabilizing passive system.

[0005] The permanent magnet rail in the traditional superconducting suspension model only forms a stable magnetic field by arranging permanent magnets in an NS manner to achieve the purpose of suspending superconducting materials. In the common scheme, in order to enhance the magnetic field above the permanent magnet rail, rare earth permanent magnets are usually used as permanent magnets. Even so, the surface magnetic field strength provided by the rail is very low, and the effect of enhancing the levitation force of the superconductor is very limited. At the same time, since the permanent magnet rail is composed of magnetized magnetic steel, the magnetic field above the permanent magnet rail will also have a phenomenon of magnetic pole convergence, leading to the occurrence of demagnetization problems.

[0006] Due to the high price of superconducting materials, the cost of permanent magnet guide rails has remained high and cannot be promoted and used on a large scale. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material. By arranging soft magnetic material in the magnetic steel array topology structure of the guide rail to replace one or several polygonal magnetic steels, the cost of the guide rail is greatly reduced and the demagnetization problem caused by the convergence of magnetic poles is reduced.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] A superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material, characterized in that the guide rail is formed by a plurality of polygonal magnetic steels closely arranged in a single row in sequence, the magnetization directions of adjacent magnetic steels are different, the magnetization directions of adjacent magnetic steels converge, at least one piece of soft magnetic material is filled in the plurality of magnetic steels of the guide rail, and the soft magnetic material is used for magnetic flux conduction;

[0010] The number of sides of the polygonal magnetic steel is N, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 3;

[0011] The polygonal magnetic steel is a combination of polygonal magnetic steels of the same structure or a combination of two or more polygonal magnetic steels of different structures.

[0012] Preferably, the number of polygonal magnetic steel blocks Z satisfies Z=4*n+3, (n∈N * ) Among them, the 4th*n, (n∈N * ) The polygonal permanent magnets are replaced with soft magnetic materials.

[0013] Furthermore, the polygonal magnetic steel adopts an equilateral triangle, an isosceles trapezoid, a parallelogram, a pentagon or a hexagon, and the shape of the soft magnetic material matches the shapes of the two polygonal magnetic steels adjacent to it on the left and right.

[0014] Furthermore, chamfers are arranged around the polygonal magnetic steel, and the chamfers are ≥ 0.5mm*45°.

[0015] Furthermore, the guide rail is composed of 6 equilateral triangular magnetic steels and one equilateral triangular soft magnetic steel. From left to right, the soft magnetic material is set in the fourth piece. It is stipulated that the bottom side of the first triangular magnetic steel block from left to right is horizontal, and the angle between the magnetization direction of the first triangular magnetic steel and the horizontal rightward square is α, then Where [] is the value range. The angle between the magnetization direction of each magnet steel of the guide rail composed of the entire permanent magnet array and the horizontal right direction is θ (θ∈R). The angle is positive in the counterclockwise direction. If the i-th piece of material is a permanent magnet material, then the magnet steel (i∈N * ) magnetization direction The [] in the formula here represents the rounding function.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention not only improves the overall technical solution, but also includes many improvements in details. Specifically, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. In the improved scheme described in the present invention, the guide rail is formed by a plurality of polygonal magnetic steels closely arranged in a single row in sequence, the magnetization directions of adjacent magnetic steels are different, and the magnetization directions of adjacent 2-3 magnetic steels are magnetic pole convergence, at least one piece of soft magnetic material is filled in the plurality of magnetic steels of the guide rail, and the soft magnetic material is used for magnetic flux conduction. The addition of the soft magnetic material will greatly reduce the magnetic field strength of the left and right magnetic poles, thereby reducing the demagnetization problem caused by the convergence of the same magnetic poles;

[0018] 2. In the technical solution of the present invention, the number of polygonal magnetic steel blocks Z satisfies Z = 4*n+3, (n∈N * ) Among them, the 4th*n, (n∈N * ) The polygonal permanent magnets are replaced with soft magnetic materials, which greatly reduces the cost of the guide rail and makes the guide rail close to the magnetic field strength effect of the full magnetic steel guide rail, which has a very high cost performance;

[0019] 3. In the implementation of the present invention, the soft magnetic material can be perfectly combined with the magnetic steel to form an integrated guide rail. At the same time, the shape and area of ​​the soft magnetic body can be adjusted according to the strength of the magnetic pole convergence to ensure that a relatively strong magnetic field distribution can be obtained on one side of the guide rail;

[0020] 4. The structural layout of the present invention is reasonable, the soft magnetic material is relatively cheap, the cost of the existing magnetic steel guide rail is reduced, the use effect is good, and it is easy to promote and utilize. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of the magnetic steel array of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of the magnetic steel array without soft magnetic material in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the effect of the soft magnetic material of the present invention causing the magnetic lines of force inside the guide rail to generate a vortex magnetic field.

[0024] Figure 4-Figure 5 A structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.

[0025] The following are marked in the figure:

[0026] 1. Polygonal magnetic steel, 2. Magnetization direction, 3. Soft magnetic material, 4. Vortex magnetic field. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand how to practice the present invention. Although the present invention is described in conjunction with its preferred specific embodiments, these embodiments are only illustrative, rather than limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a superconducting suspension guide rail with soft magnetic material is different from the prior art in that the guide rail is composed of a plurality of polygonal magnetic steels arranged in a single row in sequence, and the magnetization directions of adjacent magnetic steels are different. The magnetization directions of adjacent 2-3 magnetic steels are magnetically converged (see Figure 2 In the embodiment of the present invention, at least one piece of soft magnetic material is filled in the magnetic steel of the guide rail, and the soft magnetic material is used for magnetic flux conduction; it should be noted that the soft magnetic material in the magnetic material is a magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low coercivity. For example, common non-austenitic steel, ordinary carbon steel, etc. Or other magnetic materials with high magnetic permeability, such as cobalt-based, silicon-based, nickel-based and other magnetic materials.

[0029] The number of sides of the polygonal magnetic steel is N, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 3;

[0030] The polygonal magnetic steel is a combination of polygonal magnetic steels of the same structure or a combination of two or more polygonal magnetic steels of different structures.

[0031] Specifically, due to the problems of magnetization direction and splicing method, the adjacent 2-6 magnetic steels are prone to magnetic pole convergence. Here we need to explain what magnetic pole convergence is. Magnetic pole convergence means that the same magnetic poles converge together, which will cause demagnetization and is not conducive to magnetic field enhancement; while magnetic field convergence means that the magnetic steel wires converge together to enhance the magnetic field. By filling soft magnetic materials between several magnetic steels, the magnetic field strength of two adjacent magnetic poles can be greatly reduced, and the problem of demagnetization caused by the convergence of the same magnetic poles can be reduced. At the same time, since the cost of permanent magnet magnetic steel is relatively high, if soft magnetic materials are added to the array topology structure, it can also play a role in magnetic flux conduction, and a magnetic field strength effect close to that of a full magnetic steel guide can be obtained, which greatly reduces the cost.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] The polygonal magnet can be an isosceles triangle, an isosceles trapezoid, a parallelogram, a pentagon or a hexagon. The shape of the soft magnetic material matches the shape of the two polygonal magnets adjacent to it on the left and right. For example, in a magnetic array topology structure that is entirely equilateral triangles, the soft magnet can be an equilateral triangle that is consistent with the shape of the adjacent magnets on the left and right, or it can be an isosceles trapezoid or parallelogram that matches the shape of the adjacent magnets on the left and right. The size of the isosceles trapezoid used can be the size of the combination of the two equilateral triangles, and the size of the parallelogram can be the shape of the combination of two equilateral triangles. The thickness of the soft magnetic material used here is consistent with the thickness of the magnet.

[0034] Furthermore, the polygonal magnetic steel here preferably adopts regular triangles, regular pentagons and regular hexagons, and can also adopt a special shape of hexagon, which is evolved from a regular hexagon. A regular hexagon can be regarded as a hexagonal figure composed of three groups of parallel sides. Any group of parallel sides is extended by the same distance, and the length of the new extended side is 1.5-3.5 times the original length of the regular hexagon, forming a new hexagonal figure.

[0035] Furthermore, the soft magnetic material can be perfectly combined with the magnetic steel to form an integrated guide rail. The shape and area of ​​the soft magnetic body can be adjusted according to the strength of the magnetic pole convergence. It is not limited to the same or similar structural shape as the magnetic steel, nor is it limited to the shape of the soft magnetic material exemplified in this embodiment, as long as it can ensure that a relatively strong magnetic field distribution can be obtained on one side of the guide rail. The larger the area of ​​the soft magnetic body, the smaller the proportion of the magnetic steel will be, resulting in a decrease in the overall magnetic performance. Therefore, if it is actually applied, it needs to be considered from the two perspectives of the required magnetic density and cost. Generally, the area of ​​the soft magnetic body does not exceed 1 / 3 of the total area of ​​the magnetic steel.

[0036] If adopted Figure 2 In the triangular magnet array topology shown, from left to right, the first three magnets and the last three magnets produce the same magnetic poles and converge together, which will cause partial demagnetization of the magnets with a triangular cross-section, thereby affecting the magnetic field distribution on a single-sided surface.

[0037] Furthermore, if the number of polygonal magnetic steel blocks Z satisfies Z = 4*n+3, (n∈N * ), a single-row permanent magnet array topology can be formed, where the 4*nth, (n∈N * ) The polygonal permanent magnets can be replaced by soft magnetic materials, which not only changes the magnetic field distribution, but also greatly reduces the cost of the guide rail, and at the same time makes the guide rail close to the magnetic field strength effect of a full magnetic steel guide rail.

[0038] Specifically, the magnetization of each magnet is as follows: the bottom side of the first triangular magnet from left to right is horizontal, and the angle between the magnetization direction of the first triangular magnet and the horizontal right-facing square is α, then ([] in the formula represents the range of values). The angle between the magnetization direction of each magnet steel of the guide rail composed of the entire permanent magnet array and the horizontal right direction is θ (θ∈R), and the angle is positive in the counterclockwise direction. If the i-th piece of material is a permanent magnet material, then the magnet steel (i∈N * ) magnetization direction (The [] in the formula represents the rounding function).

[0039] Further, such as Figure 1As shown, the magnetization direction of each polygonal magnetic steel of the guide rail involved in this patent is extended. The direction parallel to the upper edge of the guide rail should be defined as the horizontal direction. Facing the guide rail cross section, the vector direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction and pointing to the right is the positive direction. The magnetization angle θ is the angle after the horizontal direction changes in the positive direction counterclockwise. The local coordinate system of the permanent magnet guide rail is a right-handed system.

[0040] In this embodiment, the guide rail is composed of 6 regular triangle magnetic steels and one regular triangle soft magnetic steel (see Figure 1 ), the magnetization direction of the first magnet on the left is to rotate 30° counterclockwise to the right along the horizontal direction, and then starting from the first magnet, six magnets are arranged first, and the magnetization direction of each magnet to the right is rotated 60° counterclockwise compared with the magnetization direction of the previous magnet, and then a regular triangle soft magnetic material is arranged in the middle of the six magnets. From left to right, the soft magnetic material is arranged in the fourth piece, so that the magnetic lines of force inside the soft magnetic material in the middle part generate a vortex magnetic field, which greatly weakens the magnetic field above the guide rail (see Figure 3 ), so that the direction of the magnetic flux inside the guide rail is roughly close to the horizontal direction, which will reduce the demagnetization problem caused by the convergence of the same magnetic poles.

[0041] Furthermore, chamfers may be provided around the polygonal magnetic steel, with the chamfer being ≥0.5mm*45°, and preferably being 0.55mm*45°-0.7mm*45°. The size of the chamfer curvature will affect the spatial distribution of the magnetic field, thereby enhancing the unilateral magnetic field distribution of the array topology structure.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The guide rail is composed of two types of magnetic steel blocks, regular hexagonal and regular triangle, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 ,like Figure 4 As shown, a group of three regular hexagonal magnetic steel blocks are arranged in parallel, two regular hexagonal soft magnetic bodies are arranged between adjacent regular hexagonal magnetic steel blocks, and two equilateral triangular magnetic steel blocks are arranged between the soft magnetic bodies and the regular hexagonal magnetic steel blocks. The two equilateral triangles are symmetrically arranged up and down with the vertex angle as the center of the circle, and the magnetization directions of the two equilateral triangles are the same. The magnetization direction of the regular hexagon is vertically upward or downward, and the angle between the magnetization direction of the equilateral triangle and the magnetization direction of the adjacent regular hexagon is 45° or 135°, and the side length of the equilateral triangle is the same as the side length of the regular hexagon.

[0044] Specifically, the first magnet on the left is a regular hexagonal magnet with a magnetization direction vertically downward, the second magnet is a regular hexagonal soft magnet, and the magnetization directions of the two regular hexagonal magnets behind it are both vertically upward.

[0045] The magnetizing direction of the first group of equilateral triangle magnets is 30 degrees clockwise rotation along the horizontal right direction, and the magnetizing direction of the second group of equilateral triangle magnets is the angle after the magnetizing direction of the first group of equilateral triangles is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise.

[0046] For example Figure 5 In the figure, a group of four regular hexagonal magnetic steel blocks are arranged in parallel, and a regular hexagonal soft magnetic steel block of the same shape is embedded in the middle. Two regular triangular magnetic steel blocks are arranged between the soft magnetic steel block and the regular hexagonal magnetic steel block, and between adjacent regular hexagonal magnetic steel blocks. The two regular triangles are symmetrically arranged up and down with the vertex angle as the center of the circle, and the magnetization directions of the two regular triangles are the same.

[0047] The first magnet on the left is a regular hexagonal magnet with a magnetizing direction of vertically downward. The magnetizing directions of the following three regular hexagonal magnets are horizontally to the right, horizontally to the left, and vertically upward, respectively.

[0048] The magnetizing direction of the first group of equilateral triangle magnets is 30 degrees clockwise rotation along the horizontal right direction, and the magnetizing direction of the second group of equilateral triangle magnets is the angle after the magnetizing direction of the first group of equilateral triangles is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise.

[0049] The guide rail formed in this way can save materials and reduce costs to the greatest extent, while enhancing the unilateral magnetic field on the surface of the guide rail.

[0050] It should be noted that the fully described invention may also have a variety of variations and modifications, and is not limited to the specific embodiments of the above embodiments. The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention, not limiting thereof. In short, the scope of protection of the invention should include those variations or substitutions and modifications that are obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art, and shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material, characterized in that: The guide rail is composed of a plurality of polygonal magnets which are closely arranged in a single row in sequence. The magnetization directions of adjacent magnets are different, and the magnetization directions of adjacent magnets converge. At least one piece of soft magnetic material is filled in the magnets of the guide rail, and the soft magnetic material is used for magnetic flux conduction. The number of sides of the polygonal magnet is N, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 3. The plurality of polygonal magnets are a combination of polygonal magnets of the same structure or a combination of two or more polygonal magnets of different structures.

2. A superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of polygonal magnetic steel blocks Z satisfies Z=4*n+3,n∈N * , where the 4*nth polygonal permanent magnet is replaced with soft magnetic material.

3. The superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polygonal magnet adopts an isosceles triangle, an isosceles trapezoid, a parallelogram, a pentagon or a hexagon, and the shape of the soft magnetic material matches the shapes of the two polygonal magnets adjacent to it on the left and right.

4. The superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The polygonal magnetic steel is chamfered all around, and the chamfer is ≥0.5mm*45°.

5. The superconducting suspension guide rail provided with soft magnetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rail is composed of 6 equilateral triangular magnetic steels and one equilateral triangular soft magnetic steel. From left to right, the soft magnetic material is set in the fourth piece. It is stipulated that the bottom side of the first triangular magnetic steel block from left to right is horizontal, and the angle between the magnetization direction of the first triangular magnetic steel and the horizontal right-facing square is α, then Where [] is the value range. The angle between the magnetization direction of each magnet steel of the guide rail composed of the entire permanent magnet array and the horizontal right direction is θ, θ∈R, and the angle is positive in the counterclockwise direction. If the i-th magnet is a permanent magnet, i∈N * , then the magnetization direction of the magnetic steel Where [] is the rounding function.

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