Pretreatment system for solid organic hazardous waste

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment, and to a solid hazardous waste treatment system, and specifically to a solid organic hazardous waste treatment system. The solid organic hazardous waste treatment system includes a first screening unit, a crushing unit, and a second screening unit in sequence along the direction of material movement. The crushing unit includes a crusher for crushing solid organic hazardous waste into particles with a diameter less than 150 mm. The crusher is provided with a crushing chamber, and the side wall of the crushing chamber is connected to a drainage duct, and a safety blasting membrane is fixed to the end of the drainage duct away from the crushing chamber. This solution removes impurities from solid organic hazardous waste and processes it into a product with a uniform particle size, so as to solve the technical problems of unstable properties such as calorific value and incomplete combustion when solid organic hazardous waste is incinerated in a cement kiln. This treatment system can be applied to the practical operation of comprehensive utilization of solid organic hazardous waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment, and in particular to a pretreatment system for solid hazardous waste, and in particular to a pretreatment system for solid organic hazardous waste. Background Art

[0002] Hazardous waste (hazardous waste) refers to waste with hazardous characteristics that is included in the national hazardous waste list or identified according to the national hazardous waste identification standards and identification methods. Among them, solid hazardous waste includes solid organic hazardous waste, which mainly refers to organic solid hazardous waste with combustion performance (including packaging waste, contaminated fiber, filter waste, etc.), which is different from inorganic solid hazardous waste (for example, soil, glass, etc.). The existing treatment process of solid organic hazardous waste is mainly landfill or sent to cement kilns and other institutions as fuel after simple classification. Simple landfill, pollutants will penetrate into the deep soil with groundwater, which will cause great harm to the ecological environment. If solid organic hazardous waste is directly burned without treatment, solid organic hazardous waste may not be fully burned, producing a large amount of harmful or non-compliant gas. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of untreated solid organic hazardous waste such as fuel value, density and degree of homogeneity cannot be determined, resulting in the inability to estimate parameters such as the feeding amount of solid organic hazardous waste in cement kilns, and the inability to effectively control the temperature of cement kilns. In addition, if the solid organic hazardous waste is only simply treated, a large amount of harmful substances and substances that are not suitable for combustion will be mixed in the hazardous waste, which will cause great pollution to the environment after combustion. Moreover, the treatment method of the existing technology is often to transport the solid organic hazardous waste of the hazardous waste producing enterprise to the cement kiln for incineration, but the solid organic hazardous waste has various forms, which makes transportation difficult and the transportation cost is high. There are major problems with the existing hazardous waste-cement kiln coordinated treatment method, and it is urgent to research and develop a more scientific and reasonable solid organic hazardous waste treatment method, so that the harmless treatment of solid organic hazardous waste is more efficient and energy-saving. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pretreatment system for solid organic hazardous waste. The system sequentially treats the solid organic hazardous waste by setting a first screening unit, a crushing unit and a second screening unit, removes impurities in the solid organic hazardous waste and processes it into a product with uniform particle size, so as to solve the technical problems of unstable properties such as the calorific value of the solid organic hazardous waste and incomplete combustion when incinerated in a cement kiln.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] The solid organic hazardous waste treatment system includes a first screening unit, a crushing unit and a second screening unit in sequence along the material movement direction. The crushing unit includes a crusher for crushing the solid organic hazardous waste into particles with a diameter less than 150 mm. The crusher is provided with a crushing chamber. The side wall of the crushing chamber is connected to a drainage duct, and a safety blasting membrane is fixed to the end of the drainage duct away from the crushing chamber.

[0006] The above technical scheme is adopted, and the technical principle and beneficial effects are as follows: after the solid organic hazardous waste is screened by the first screening unit, crushed by the crushing unit and screened again by the second screening unit, it can become a solid organic hazardous waste finished product for use by downstream enterprises (for example, as fuel for cement plants), thus realizing the comprehensive utilization of resources. The solid organic hazardous waste after impurities removal is crushed in the crushing unit. Since some flammable and explosive impurities may not be fully removed and there is a lot of dust in the crushing chamber, combustion or explosion is likely to occur in the crushing chamber. When combustion or explosion occurs, the air pressure in the crushing chamber expands rapidly. The safety blasting membrane is arranged on the crushing chamber to achieve the function of rapid pressure relief, thus avoiding damage to the crusher caused by excessive internal pressure. A drainage duct is connected to the side wall of the crushing chamber, which can guide the gas and guide the excess gas to the outside of the crushing chamber. The safety blasting membrane is not directly installed on the side wall of the crushing chamber, but is installed at the end of the drainage duct away from the crushing chamber, in order to prevent the material in the crushing chamber from squeezing and scratching the safety blasting membrane during movement, thus reducing the wear on the safety blasting membrane.

[0007] The product with a particle size of less than 150mm obtained after the crushing treatment can be fully burned at the kiln head of the cement kiln to avoid the situation where the organic matter is not fully burned to produce toxic and harmful gases such as dioxins. When the product is placed at the kiln head of the cement kiln, the particle size of less than 150mm can ensure that the solid organic hazardous waste finished product is fully burned within a certain period of time (the finished product stays in the high temperature section of the kiln head for about 15 minutes) to form gas that meets the emission standards. The treated solid organic hazardous waste can also be used as fuel to provide heat for the cement kiln.

[0008] In this scheme, the first screening unit, the crushing unit and the second screening unit are used to sequentially treat the solid organic hazardous waste, and the hazardous waste is treated into a finished product with uniform particle size. After multiple screening treatments, the finished product contains only organic matter, which can ensure the stability and uniformity of the physical and chemical properties of the solid organic finished product. It can be used as a standardized product (stable fuel value batch) and burned at the kiln head of the cement kiln. The existing technology often treats hazardous waste by simple classification and then burns it. However, the direct combustion of solid organic hazardous waste after simple classification will lead to incomplete combustion of hazardous waste and produce a large amount of harmful gases. In addition, the part of hazardous waste with recycling value is not comprehensively utilized (can be used as fuel), and the simple classification and unified combustion treatment may not completely remove the harmful substances. The combustion of harmful substances often brings more serious environmental pollution. This scheme adopts a more advanced hazardous waste treatment concept, which treats the hazardous waste harmlessly and treats it into a standardized product. The standardized product has properties such as stable fuel value. When the standardized product is burned, the relationship between the amount of the standardized product and the energy generated by its combustion can be accurately known.

[0009] Furthermore, the safety bursting membrane is detachably fixed on the drainage duct.

[0010] The above technical solution makes it easy to replace the safety blasting membrane after it is damaged.

[0011] Furthermore, the safety explosion membrane is a rubber membrane, and non-penetrating scratches are arranged on the surface of the safety explosion membrane.

[0012] With the above technical solution, since the blasting strength in the crushing chamber is generally 1-2kg, the rubber membrane is sufficient to withstand the above impact force. The scratches are provided so that when blasting, the safety blasting membrane ruptures at the designated weak point and quickly releases gas to relieve pressure.

[0013] Furthermore, the pretreatment system also includes a nitrogen production unit for providing nitrogen to the crushing chamber and adjusting the oxygen content in the crushing chamber to be less than or equal to 8%.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the nitrogen generating unit can provide nitrogen to the crushing chamber to reduce the oxygen content in the crushing chamber and reduce the possibility of combustion and explosion. Controlling the oxygen content in the crushing chamber to a level less than or equal to 8% and reducing the level of combustion-supporting materials can further prevent combustion and explosion in the crushing chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, the nitrogen production unit includes a nitrogen production system, and the nitrogen production system is connected to the crushing chamber through a nitrogen tank.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, nitrogen can be temporarily stored, and when the oxygen content in the crushing chamber is too high, nitrogen can be filled into the crushing chamber.

[0017] Furthermore, the crushing unit includes a material pit for temporarily storing the material delivered from the first screening unit.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, materials can be temporarily stored. Because the crusher cannot feed continuously, the materials are temporarily stored in the material pit. When the crusher needs to feed, the grab crane grabs the materials from the material pit and puts them into the crusher.

[0019] Furthermore, the first screening unit includes a first belt conveyor and a second belt conveyor arranged in sequence along the material movement direction; along the first belt conveyor, there are arranged in sequence manual sorting positions for removing metal substances in solid organic hazardous waste, substances with a Pugh hardness greater than 4, substances with a size larger than the feed port of the crusher, and flammable and explosive substances, a first magnetic separator for removing ferrous metals in solid organic hazardous waste, and a metal detector for detecting non-ferrous metals in solid organic hazardous waste.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, hard materials (especially metal materials), large objects (specifically objects that cannot enter the crusher) and flammable and explosive materials are removed by manual screening, and then the iron materials that are not excluded by manual screening are removed by the first magnetic separator. In addition to detecting ferrous metals, the metal detector also has the function of detecting other metals. If the metal detector detects the presence of metal in the material, it will alarm to prompt the worker to stop the first belt conveyor, retrieve the material, and re-screen it manually and with the first magnetic separator. Since some metal objects may be wrapped in organic hazardous waste such as fabrics, it is easy to miss this part during manual screening, so a metal detector is needed for detection.

[0021] This technical solution ensures that the solid organic hazardous waste after screening contains as little flammable and explosive substances as possible, reducing the possibility of combustion and explosion in the crushing unit. Substances with a Pugh hardness greater than 4 mainly refer to rocks and bricks with a Pugh hardness greater than 4; flammable and explosive substances refer to substances or articles specified in the "Reference List of Flammable and Explosive Substances and Articles" (compiled by the Research Center of the Ministry of Emergency Management). Magnetic separators and metal detectors have different functions. Magnetic separators are mainly for ferrous metals, such as ferrous alloy metals, and metal detectors are mainly for non-ferrous metals, such as copper metals. Manual screening is for metal substances (including ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals). Both ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals screened out by magnetic separators and metal detectors can be treated separately as recycled waste.

[0022] Furthermore, the first belt conveyor is used to convey materials to the second belt conveyor, and the second belt conveyor is used to convey materials to the material pit at a belt speed of 1.5m / s-2m / s.

[0023] By adopting the above technical scheme, the material is screened on the first belt conveyor and then transferred to the second belt conveyor. The belt speed of the second belt conveyor is faster, so the material can be quickly thrown into the pit (material pit) to avoid the material adhering to the wall of the material pit due to slow falling.

[0024] Furthermore, the second screening unit includes a third belt conveyor and a second magnetic separator located above the third belt conveyor.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, metal impurities (iron) are further removed after crushing to ensure that the finished product does not contain metal particles (iron). Iron is a substance that cannot be burned in a cement kiln and needs to be removed.

[0026] Furthermore, a temperature sensor is provided in the crushing chamber.

[0027] With the above technical solution, the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the crushing chamber. If the temperature is too high, there is a greater risk of explosion and combustion, and the crusher needs to be stopped to prevent explosion or combustion in the crushing chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solid organic hazardous waste treatment system according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the crushing chamber of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A longitudinal sectional view of section H.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cleaning structure and drainage duct of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0033] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: first screening unit A, crushing unit B, nitrogen production unit C, second screening unit D, transmission unit E, first belt conveyor A1, second belt conveyor A2, first magnetic separator A3, metal detector A4, material pit B1, grab crane B2, crusher B3, third belt conveyor D1, second magnetic separator D2, fourth belt conveyor E1, compressor P, solid organic hazardous waste finished product F, hazardous waste to be screened and crushed R1, qualified hazardous waste R2, crushing chamber 1, nitrogen delivery pipe 2, drainage pipe 3, fixed flange 4, disassembly flange 5, safety bursting membrane 6, pipe cover 7, connecting rod 8, cleaning ring 9, spiral metal wire 10, limit block 11, nut 12.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure (the solid line with arrows in the figure indicates the direction of transportation of solid organic hazardous waste), the solid organic hazardous waste treatment system includes a first screening unit A, a crushing unit B, a nitrogen production unit C, a second screening unit D and a conveying unit E. The first screening unit A, the crushing unit B and the second screening unit D are arranged in sequence along the direction of material movement. The nitrogen production unit C is used to transport nitrogen to the crushing unit B. After the solid organic hazardous waste is recycled (from upstream enterprises, generated in their production process), the solid organic hazardous waste is divided into hazardous waste to be screened and crushed R1 and qualified hazardous waste R2 after physical and chemical property testing. Among them, solid organic hazardous waste mainly includes lightweight materials such as various textures of clothing, woven fabrics, cotton gloves, rubber gloves, PP / PE / HEPE / LDPE / PVC barrels, fiber filter cloths, packaging materials, etc. contaminated with a small amount of hazardous items. These solid hazardous wastes collected from waste-producing enterprises often contain metal substances, and mixed loading is relatively common. Common hazardous substances contaminated by solid organic hazardous wastes mainly include mineral oil, solvents, dyes, coatings, paints, inorganic acids, etc. These solid organic hazardous wastes are mainly HW06, HW12 and HW49 in the "National List of Hazardous Wastes", which are flammable (a small amount has the possibility of spontaneous combustion) and have certain volatility. In addition, there are two criteria for judging qualified hazardous waste R2: (1) all solid organic matter; (2) particle size is less than 150mm. Solid organic hazardous wastes that do not meet the above-mentioned standards for qualified hazardous waste R2 are classified as hazardous wastes to be screened and crushed R1. Qualified hazardous waste R2 can be directly compressed and packed to obtain solid organic hazardous waste finished product F; while hazardous waste R1 to be screened and crushed needs to go through the process of screening and crushing to obtain solid organic hazardous waste finished product F. The equipment settings for the harmless treatment of hazardous waste R1 to be screened and crushed are as follows:

[0036] The first screening unit A includes a manual sorting position (not shown), a first belt conveyor A1, a second belt conveyor A2, a first magnetic separator A3 (RCYD) and a metal detector A4 (IMD-I). The second belt conveyor A2 is located at the end of the first belt conveyor A1, and the height of the second belt conveyor A2 is lower than that of the first belt conveyor A1. The first magnetic separator A3 and the metal detector A4 are both fixed above the first belt conveyor A1 (the first magnetic separator A3 and the metal detector A4 are both fixed by a frame), and the manual sorting position is set on both sides of the first belt conveyor A1. The manual sorting position, the first magnetic separator A3 and the metal detector A4 are arranged in sequence along the direction in which the material is conveyed on the first belt conveyor A1 (the direction in which the material moves). After the material (hazardous waste to be screened and crushed R1) is sorted on the first belt conveyor A1, it becomes a solid organic hazardous waste after screening, and then the solid organic hazardous waste after screening is transported to the second belt conveyor A2 for further transportation.

[0037] The crushing unit B includes a material pit B1 and a crusher B3 which are arranged in sequence along the direction of material movement. The second belt conveyor A2 transports the material (i.e., solid organic waste after screening) to the material pit B1 for temporary storage, and the grab crane B2 grabs the material in the material pit B1 and puts the material into the crusher B3 (Q100HD, SSI, shearing crusher). After the crusher B3 completes the crushing of the solid organic waste after screening, crushed material is obtained. In order to increase the safety of the crushing unit B and prevent the material from burning and exploding in the crusher B3, the crusher B3 is modified in this embodiment. The structure of the crusher B3 in the prior art is as follows: the crusher B3 includes a crushing chamber 1, an upper gate is provided at the upper opening of the crushing chamber 1, a lower gate is provided at the lower opening of the crushing chamber 1, and a double-axis tearing type knife group is provided in the crushing chamber 1. In this embodiment, a through hole is provided on the side wall of the crushing chamber 1, and the through hole is connected to a drainage pipe 3, which is welded on the side wall of the crushing chamber 1 and is located above the biaxial tearing type knife group (compared to the case where the drainage pipe 3 is located below the biaxial tearing type knife group, the material is prevented from entering the drainage pipe 3). Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the end of the drainage duct 3 away from the crushing chamber 1 is integrally formed with a fixed flange 4, and the fixed flange 4 is fixed with a disassembly flange 5 by means of a bolt and nut 12 structure, and the fixed flange 4 and the disassembly flange 5 press the safety bursting membrane 6 onto the drainage duct 3. The disassembly flange 5 is integrally formed by a middle short tube and a disk surface, the short tube is coaxial with the disk surface, and the inner diameter and outer diameter of the short tube are consistent with the inner diameter and outer diameter of the drainage duct 3. In this embodiment, the safety bursting membrane 6 is a rubber membrane, and non-penetrating scratches are provided on the surface of the safety bursting membrane 6. One end of the inherent safety bursting membrane 6 of the drainage duct 3 needs to face an open space, and no equipment or other objects can be present, and it cannot be set towards people to prevent the ejected objects from injuring people or damaging equipment during the explosion.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the lower part of the crushing chamber 1 is connected to the nitrogen production system of the nitrogen production unit C through the nitrogen delivery pipe 2 ( Figure 2(not shown). When the material is crushed, it is necessary to keep the oxygen content in the crushing chamber 1 less than 8%, and the oxygen content in the crushing chamber 1 is adjusted by flushing nitrogen. When the solid organic waste after screening is crushed by the crusher B3, the upper gate is opened, solid organic waste is added to the crushing chamber 1, and then the upper gate is closed, and nitrogen is flushed into the crushing chamber 1 to adjust the oxygen content in the crushing chamber 1 to less than 8% (in this process, the upper and lower gates seal the crushing chamber 1, and the nitrogen filled in increases the pressure in the crushing chamber 1 and compresses the oxygen content to below 8%). After the crushing operation is completed, the lower gate is opened to discharge the material. Each crushing operation requires the pressure in the crushing chamber 1 to be readjusted to below 8%. Preferably, a nitrogen tank is also provided between the nitrogen production unit C and the crushing chamber 1 for temporarily storing nitrogen, because the crusher B3 cannot work continuously and the next crushing operation can only be performed after one crushing operation is completed. In addition, crushing unit B is also equipped with an alarm device (TW07-P series host, equipped with PT100 temperature sensor). The temperature sensor of the alarm device is installed in crushing chamber 1 to detect the temperature in crushing chamber 1. When the temperature in crushing chamber 1 is greater than 80°C, the alarm device will alarm to remind the operator (the first high temperature alarm), and the material in crusher B3 is in danger of explosion or combustion. The operator will decide whether to shut down the machine, stop feeding or stop crushing operation according to the on-site situation; when the temperature in crushing chamber 1 is greater than 100°C, the alarm device will alarm again to remind the operator (the second high temperature alarm), and at this time, the machine must be shut down to stop feeding and crushing operation.

[0039] The second screening unit D includes a third belt conveyor D1 and a second magnetic separator D2 (RCYD), and the second magnetic separator D2 is fixed above the third belt conveyor D1 (the second magnetic separator D2 is fixed by a frame). While the crushed material output from the crusher B3 is being transported by the third belt conveyor D1, the second magnetic separator D2 screens it to remove metal particles and obtain the screened crushed material. The screened crushed material is compressed by the compressor P to obtain a solid organic hazardous waste product F. The compression process is to make the product regular in shape and easy to pack.

[0040] The treatment routes for solid organic waste are as follows:

[0041] (1) Pre-classification step

[0042] After solid organic hazardous waste is recycled, it is tested for physical and chemical properties. Solid organic hazardous waste that meets the process requirements (such as particle size and type, etc.) is classified as qualified hazardous waste R2. Qualified hazardous waste R2 is transmitted to compressor P through transmission unit E (including the fourth belt conveyor E1 (S1200-LY)). After compression, it forms solid organic hazardous waste finished product F. Solid organic hazardous waste whose physical and chemical property test results do not meet the process requirements is classified as hazardous waste to be screened and crushed R1. The scope of solid organic hazardous waste is shown in Table 1, where the categories refer to the categories specified in the "National List of Hazardous Wastes".

[0043] Table 1 Scope of solid organic hazardous waste

[0044]

[0045] (2) First screening step

[0046] This step is carried out in the first screening unit A. The hazardous waste R1 to be screened and crushed is transported to the first belt conveyor A1, and after manual sorting (removing metal substances, glass, inorganic substances or flammable and explosive substances such as batteries and lighters, and large objects that cannot enter the crusher B3) and the first magnetic separator A3 to remove metal substances (mainly iron), the metal detector A4 detects whether there are still metal substances in the material. If the metal detector A4 shows that there are no metal substances in the material, qualified solid organic waste after screening is obtained. If there are still metal substances in the material of the metal detector A4, it is necessary to stop the machine (stop the transmission of the first belt conveyor A1), and take back the material on the first belt conveyor A1 and re-screen (re-screening by manual screening and re-screening by the first magnetic separator A3). The solid organic waste after screening is transported from the first belt conveyor A1 to the second belt conveyor A2, and then transported by the second belt conveyor A2 to the material pit B1 in the crushing unit B for temporary storage.

[0047] (3) Crushing step

[0048] This step is carried out in the crushing unit B. Since the crusher B3 cannot work continuously, it is necessary to set up a pit B1 to temporarily store materials. The belt speed of the second belt conveyor A2 (1.5m / s-2m / s) is faster than the belt speed of the first belt conveyor A1 (2-10m / min), which can achieve rapid ejection of materials into the pit (pit B1), avoiding the materials from adhering to the wall of the pit B1 due to slow falling, affecting the stacking and operation of the grab bucket B2, and reducing the loss of equipment. The speed of the first belt conveyor A1 is slower, and sufficient time can be reserved for various screening operations. The solid organic hazardous waste after screening in the pit B1 is grabbed by the grab bucket B2 and sent to the crusher B3, and after crushing, crushed materials are obtained.

[0049] (4) Second screening step

[0050] This step is performed in the second screening unit D. The crushed material is transported by the third belt conveyor D1, and at the same time, the second magnetic separator D2 removes metal particles from the crushed material to obtain the screened crushed material.

[0051] (5) Steps to obtain finished product

[0052] After the sieved crushed material is compressed by the compressor P, the solid organic waste product F is obtained (physical and chemical indicators are shown in Table 2). The particle size of the solid organic waste product F is less than or equal to 150mm. The solid organic waste product F with this particle size is a more economical and efficient choice and can be used as fuel. The production cost is controlled within a reasonable range.

[0053] Table 2 Physical and chemical indicators of finished products

[0054] Serial number project unit Index limit 1 Solid state particle size and diameter mm ≤150mm 2 Calorific value kcal Batch stability

[0055] Embodiment 2:

[0056] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that a cleaning structure is further provided in the drainage duct 3 of this embodiment, and the fixing method of the safety bursting membrane 6 is different. When the material in the crushing chamber 1 explodes, part of the crushed material may be rushed into the drainage duct 3. Over time, the drainage duct 3 will be blocked, thereby affecting the explosion-proof effect (the gas cannot be discharged in time). This embodiment optimizes the structure to avoid the above situation. This embodiment no longer fixes the safety bursting membrane 6 to the drainage duct 3 in the form of a flange, but is crimped to the end of the drainage duct 3 away from the crushing chamber 1 through a pipe cover 7. The outer side of the cylindrical side wall of the pipe cover 7 is provided with an internal thread, and the outer side of the pipe wall of the drainage duct 3 is provided with an external thread matching the internal thread. The top wall of the pipe cover 7 (that is, Figure 4In the figure, a circular through hole is provided on the wall of the pipe cover 7 on the right side (the top wall of the pipe cover 7 is opposite to the opening of the drainage tube 3), and its diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the drainage tube 3. The safety bursting membrane 6 is placed in the pipe cover 7 so that the safety bursting membrane 6 is perpendicular to the drainage tube 3, and then the pipe cover 7 is rotated so that the pipe cover 7 is tightened on the drainage tube 3, and then the safety bursting membrane 6 can be fixed on the drainage tube 3. The cleaning structure includes a connecting rod 8 and a cleaning ring 9 welded to each other, and the cleaning ring 9 is arranged perpendicular to the connecting rod 8, and the connecting rod 8 is perpendicular to the drainage tube 3. A spiral metal wire 10 (made of stainless steel) is wound around the cleaning ring 9 to facilitate cleaning the inner wall of the drainage tube 3. The end of the connecting rod 8 away from the cleaning ring 9 is a sharp tip, which can puncture the safety bursting membrane 6. The side of the connecting rod 8 away from the cleaning ring 9 is also integrally formed with a limiting block 11, and the outer surface of the connecting rod 8 on the right side of the limiting block 11 is provided with an external thread. The right end of the connecting rod 8 penetrates the safety bursting membrane 6, passes through the hole on the top wall of the pipe cover 7 for the connecting rod 8 to pass through, and then is screwed with the nut 12. The stopper 11 and the nut 12 jointly fix the cleaning structure on the pipe cover 7, and can fix the safety bursting membrane 6 on the pipe cover 7 to prevent the safety bursting membrane 6 from falling off.

[0057] When in use, the safety bursting membrane 6 is fixed to the pipe cover 7 through the connecting rod 8, and then the cleaning ring 9 is placed in the drainage tube 3, and finally the pipe cover 7 is tightened. If an explosion occurs and the safety bursting membrane 6 is broken, the safety bursting membrane 6 needs to be replaced. In the process of removing the pipe cover 7, the pipe cover 7 moves in the direction away from the crushing chamber 1, and at the same time drives the movement of the cleaning ring 9. The cleaning ring 9 and the spiral metal wire 10 have a cleaning effect on the inner wall of the drainage tube 3, avoiding the accumulation of particulate matter. In addition, to remove the pipe cover 7, it is necessary to rotate the pipe cover 7 first, and at the same time, the connecting rod 8 drives the cleaning ring 9 to rotate in the drainage tube 3, which can rub and clean the inner wall of the drainage tube 3 more thoroughly.

[0058] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A pretreatment system for solid organic hazardous waste, comprising a first screening unit, a crushing unit and a second screening unit in sequence along the material movement direction, characterized in that: The crushing unit includes a crusher for crushing solid organic hazardous waste into particles with a diameter less than 150 mm, wherein a crushing chamber is provided in the crusher, and a drainage duct is connected to the side wall of the crushing chamber; A pipe cover is screwed on the end of the drainage tube away from the crushing chamber, and a safety bursting membrane is tightly pressed between the pipe cover and the drainage tube; an internal thread is arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical side wall of the pipe cover, and an external thread matching the internal thread is arranged on the outer side of the tube wall of the drainage tube; a cleaning structure is arranged in the drainage tube, and the cleaning structure includes a connecting rod and a cleaning ring welded to each other and perpendicular; the connecting rod is parallel to the drainage tube; a spiral metal wire is wound on the cleaning ring; a limiting block is also integrally formed on the side of the connecting rod away from the cleaning ring, and a nut is screwed on the right end of the connecting rod after piercing the safety bursting membrane and passing through the pipe cover.

2. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The safety bursting membrane is detachably fixed on the drainage conduit.

3. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to claim 2 is characterized by: The safety blasting membrane is a rubber membrane, and non-penetrating scratches are arranged on the surface of the safety blasting membrane.

4. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pretreatment system also includes a nitrogen production unit for providing nitrogen to the crushing chamber and adjusting the oxygen content in the crushing chamber to be less than or equal to 8%.

5. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to claim 4 is characterized by: The nitrogen production unit comprises a nitrogen production system, and the nitrogen production system is connected with the crushing chamber through a nitrogen tank.

6. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to claim 5 is characterized by: The crushing unit comprises a material pit for temporarily storing the material delivered from the first screening unit.

7. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to claim 6 is characterized by: The first screening unit includes a first belt conveyor and a second belt conveyor arranged in sequence along the material movement direction; along the first belt conveyor, there are arranged in sequence manual sorting positions for removing metal substances in solid organic hazardous waste, substances with a Pugh hardness greater than 4, substances with a size greater than the feed port of the crusher, and flammable and explosive substances, a first magnetic separator for removing ferrous metals in solid organic hazardous waste, and a metal detector for detecting non-ferrous metals in solid organic hazardous waste.

8. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to claim 7 is characterized by: The first belt conveyor is used to convey materials to the second belt conveyor, and the second belt conveyor is used to convey materials to the material pit at a belt speed of 1.5m / s-2m / s.

9. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second screening unit includes a third belt conveyor and a second magnetic separator located above the third belt conveyor.

10. The solid organic hazardous waste pretreatment system according to any one of claims 1-3 and 5-9, characterized in that: A temperature sensor is arranged in the crushing chamber.

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