A distributed energy supply station using vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method

Abstract

The present invention provides a distributed energy supply station using a vacuum sublimation evaporation method for heat and cold energy separation. The station comprises a heat and cold energy separation device and a low-temperature power generation device. The heat and cold energy separation device includes a separation device and a vacuum pump unit. The heat and cold energy separation device comprises a sealed container with a water inlet and a steam outlet. The vacuum pump unit's air intake is connected to the steam outlet of the sealed container, and a high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet is also provided. The low-temperature power generation device comprises a low-temperature generator unit, which includes a low-temperature generator, a power generation medium evaporator, and a power generation medium condenser. The power generation medium condenser is connected to the power generation medium flow channel in the power generation medium evaporator and to the low-temperature generator, forming a circulation system. The high-temperature steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected via a pipeline to the high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit in the heat and cold energy separation device. This supply station efficiently, economically, and greenly provides electricity, heat, and cold energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration and low-temperature power generation, and provides a distributed energy supply station using a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method. Background Art

[0002] Low-temperature power generation technology is commonly used for geothermal power generation, the reuse of spent steam from power plants, and the utilization of industrial waste heat. However, low-cost sources of waste heat and spent steam are not widely available in practice, making low-temperature power generation limited. This is especially true in remote areas with low levels of electricity development, where the conditions for low-temperature power generation are often lacking. Vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation can efficiently and cost-effectively provide a stable steam source suitable for low-temperature power generation in areas with access to water.

[0003] Existing technologies for utilizing waste heat for power generation use air-energy water heaters, which are heat pump systems. However, mainstream existing heat pump technologies rely on compressors to transfer and utilize cooling and heating energy. Due to limitations in the device's operating principle and operating environment, the COP of existing compressor systems has long hovered below 6 (the COP of a nationally rated Class I energy-efficient household air conditioner is only around 3.4, and the COP of a heat pump system is also below 6). While air-energy water heaters can provide both heating and cooling, they are limited by the compressor heat pump system, keeping the system COP below 6. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a distributed energy supply station using a vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation method, providing electricity, heat, and cold energy in an efficient, economical, and green manner. This station, unlike the conventional compressor method used in the prior art, utilizes a vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation method to provide inexpensive low-temperature steam and / or hot water with a high heat-to-energy ratio for low-temperature power generation, thereby providing electricity, heat, and cold energy at a very low cost.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

[0006] A distributed energy supply station using a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method includes a set of cold and heat energy separation devices and a low-temperature power generation device.

[0007] The cold and heat energy separation device includes a set of separation equipment and a vacuum pump unit.

[0008] The separation device comprises a sealed container, which is provided with at least a water inlet and a steam outlet;

[0009] The air intake of the vacuum pump unit is connected to the steam outlet on the sealed container, which is also provided with a high-temperature steam and / or hot water discharge outlet;

[0010] The low-temperature power generation device includes a low-temperature generator set, which includes:

[0011] a cryogenic generator;

[0012] a power generation medium evaporator for delivering power generation medium steam to a low temperature generator, and

[0013] a power generation medium condenser for receiving the power generation medium discharged from the low-temperature generator,

[0014] The power generation medium condenser and the power generation medium evaporator are both partition-type heat exchangers, and the power generation medium flow channels in the two are connected and connected to the low-temperature generator to form a circulation system;

[0015] These are all existing technologies. Specifically, they can be: a low-temperature power generation medium inlet and a high-temperature power generation medium steam outlet are provided on the power generation medium flow channel in the power generation medium evaporator, and a high-temperature steam inlet and a low-temperature exhausted steam outlet are provided on the heating medium flow channel; a high-temperature power generation medium inlet and a low-temperature power generation medium outlet are provided on the power generation medium flow channel in the power generation medium condenser, and a low-temperature medium inlet and a high-temperature medium outlet are provided on the cooling medium flow channel; the high-temperature power generation medium steam outlet on the power generation medium evaporator is connected to the power generation medium steam inlet of the low-temperature generator via a pipeline, the power generation medium exhausted steam outlet of the low-temperature generator is connected to the high-temperature power generation medium inlet of the power generation medium condenser via a pipeline, and the low-temperature power generation medium outlet of the power generation medium condenser is connected to the low-temperature power generation medium inlet of the power generation medium evaporator directly or through a storage tank;

[0016] Features are:

[0017] The heating steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected to the high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit in the cold and heat energy separation equipment through a pipeline.

[0018] The mechanism of the present invention is as follows: steam at approximately 100°C separated from a heat and cold energy separation device or hot water above 90°C converted therefrom is used to heat the power generation medium in a low-temperature power generation device to vaporize it, and then the vaporized power generation medium is used to drive a screw expander to drive a generator to generate electricity; the heat source for heating the power generation medium is provided by the heat and cold energy separation device, by means of a vacuum pump unit therein to evacuate and reduce the pressure of a sealed container, thereby creating a vacuum working environment within the sealed container, causing the liquid, such as water, inside the sealed container to evaporate, and the water vapor to carry away heat. The steam extracted by the vacuum pump unit is pressurized step by step without a cooling device between stages, and the temperature of the steam discharged from the last stage can reach approximately 100°C. Such low-temperature steam or hot water above 90°C converted therefrom is used as a heat source to heat the power generation medium to vaporize it, and drive a low-temperature generator to generate electricity.

[0019] The cold and heat energy separation device operates as follows: as the vacuum level increases according to process requirements, the pressure within the sealed container's working space continues to decrease according to process parameters. The vacuum level can be controlled to keep the water in the sealed container liquid, or it can be increased to allow the water to enter the ice sublimation zone, which is the normal production pressure parameter range for this process. Since ice forms on the water surface, the sublimation reaction begins. At this point, an ice ejector within the sealed container, equipped with an ice slurry outlet, gradually removes the ice from the working space through the outlet. The removal of some of the ice layer allows the water beneath it to continue evaporating. The continued evaporation of water vapor provides excellent heat transfer conditions for the sublimation of the ice layer. Sublimation and evaporation occur simultaneously within the sealed container, with water vapor continuously escaping and being pumped out by the vacuum pump unit, removing a large amount of heat and causing new, low-temperature raw water to continuously freeze into ice within the sealed container. The finished ice is then discharged through the separation equipment, completing the entire ice-making and steam production process.

[0020] The above-mentioned heat and cold energy separation device may include a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device and / or a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device in which the temperature set in the sealed container is relatively high, and the sealed container in the low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device is also provided with an ice slurry outlet; the sealed container in the high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device is at least provided with a water inlet and a steam outlet.

[0021] Low-temperature and high-temperature heat and cold energy separation units are similar in design, but differ in operating pressure and temperature ranges. Low-temperature heat and cold energy separation units are used to separate the latent heat of freezing in water, and therefore feature an ice slurry outlet in the sealed container. High-temperature heat and cold energy separation units are designed to separate water vapor with high efficiency and low energy consumption. Low-temperature heat and cold energy separation units can operate at temperatures below 0°C, while high-temperature units can operate at temperatures above 10°C.

[0022] Since the evaporation efficiency of water will be greatly reduced when the temperature is low or reaches the freezing point, in order to ensure sufficient water vapor generation efficiency, this technology adopts stirring, cold boiling, increasing the evaporation area, and adding a heat exchanger or cold trap at the outlet of the subsequent vacuum pump to achieve efficient separation of cold and hot energy.

[0023] Specifically:

[0024] A stirring device may be provided in the sealed container.

[0025] To produce cold boiling, preferably, a liquid supply tray is provided in the sealed container, and the liquid supply tray is provided in the lower part of the sealed container, lower than the set liquid level height in the sealed container. The liquid supply tray is a shower head, and the spray hole is provided upward, and the liquid inlet hole at the bottom is connected to the water inlet through a pipeline.

[0026] During use, the liquid supply tray is located below the liquid level, and water is sprayed out from the upward spray holes of the liquid supply tray, thereby forming cold boiling in the sealed container.

[0027] In order to improve the evaporation efficiency of water in a sealed container, another effective measure is to increase the inlet water temperature. To increase the inlet water temperature, there are several measures that can be taken:

[0028] The first measure is to increase the inlet water temperature by preheating, that is:

[0029] A preheater may be provided on the pipeline of the water inlet of the sealed container so that the water entering the sealed container is preheated.

[0030] What should be used as the heating medium for the preheater? The following options are available:

[0031] The first option is to use low-temperature power generation medium as preheating agent:

[0032] Preferably, the power generation medium outlet of the low-temperature generator in the low-temperature power generation device can be connected to one end of a branch pipe, the other end of which is connected to the heating medium inlet of the preheater provided at the water inlet of the sealed container, for partition heating of water entering the sealed container. The heating medium outlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a power generation medium return pipe, the other end of which is connected to the power generation medium inlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device, or to a power generation medium storage tank. Heat from the power generation medium is thereby used to raise the temperature of the water entering the sealed container.

[0033] The second option is to use the high-temperature steam discharged from the vacuum pump unit connected to the sealed container as the preheating agent:

[0034] Preferably, the heating medium inlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a branch pipeline, the other end of the branch pipeline is connected to a branch port on the high-temperature steam discharge pipeline of the vacuum pump unit, and the heating medium outlet of the preheater can be vented or connected to the heating steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device.

[0035] Option 3 is to use the cooling water used to cool the power generation medium in the low-temperature power generation device as the preheating agent:

[0036] Preferably, the heating medium inlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a branch pipe, the other end of which is connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser in the low-temperature power generation device, and the heating medium outlet of the preheater can be vented or connected to a storage tank through a pipe.

[0037] Option 4 is to use the waste steam from heating the power generation medium in the low-temperature power generation device as a preheating agent:

[0038] Preferably, the heating medium inlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a branch pipe, the other end of which is connected to the waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device. The heating medium outlet of the preheater can be vented or connected to a storage tank through a pipeline.

[0039] Furthermore, the outlet of the heating medium of the preheater can be connected to a sewer, or can be communicated with a water inlet to allow water or steam to be passed into a sealed container for use.

[0040] The second measure is to directly input the hot water with a certain temperature used as the heating medium in the preheater into the sealed container, that is:

[0041] The water inlet of the sealed container is connected to one end of a pipe, and the other end of the pipe can be connected to at least one of the following devices:

[0042] a cooling water outlet for the power generation medium condenser;

[0043] a waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator;

[0044] A branch outlet on the high-temperature steam discharge pipeline of the vacuum pump unit.

[0045] The third measure is to set up another heat and cold energy separation device. The water entering the water inlet of the new heat and cold energy separation device comes from the hot water condensed from the high-temperature steam extracted from the original heat and cold energy separation device, or the water entering the water comes from the hot water formed by the waste steam discharged from the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device or the cooling water discharged from the power generation medium condenser, that is:

[0046] The heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a first-level heat and cold energy separation device, in which an ice slurry outlet is also provided on the sealed container, and a storage tank is connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the first-level heat and cold energy separation device; a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device is also included between the first-level heat and cold energy separation device and the low-temperature power generation device, called a second-level heat and cold energy separation device, including a first-level and a second-level sealed container, the second-level sealed container is provided with at least a high-temperature water inlet and a high-temperature steam outlet, the high-temperature water inlet is connected to the storage tank connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the first-level heat and cold energy separation device, the high-temperature steam outlet is connected to a first-level and a second-level vacuum pump unit, and the final steam outlet of the second-level vacuum pump unit is connected to the heating steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline; or,

[0047] The heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, referred to as a primary heat and cold energy separation device, and further includes a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, referred to as a secondary heat and cold energy separation device. The secondary heat and cold energy separation device includes a secondary sealed container, and the secondary sealed container is provided with at least a secondary water inlet and a secondary steam outlet. The secondary water inlet is connected to the waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device or the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser through a pipeline; the secondary steam outlet is connected to a secondary vacuum pump unit, and the final steam exhaust port of the secondary vacuum pump unit is connected to the heating steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline, and / or is connected to the heating steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator in another low-temperature power generation device; or:

[0048] The heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a primary heat and cold energy separation device, and also includes a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a secondary heat and cold energy separation device. The secondary heat and cold energy separation device includes a secondary sealed container, which is provided with at least one secondary water inlet and one secondary steam outlet. In addition, it also includes a wall heat exchanger, which is provided with a heating agent flow channel and a water flow channel. The steam exhaust port of the last stage of the vacuum pump unit in the primary heat and cold energy separation device is connected to the inlet of the heating agent flow channel of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the water inlet on the sealed container in the secondary heat and cold energy separation device is connected to the outlet of the water flow channel of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the secondary steam outlet of the secondary heat and cold energy separation device is connected to the high-temperature steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator on the low-temperature power generation device.

[0049] The hot water condensed from the exhaust steam after power generation and the heating steam in the power generation medium evaporator can be reused with the heat and cold energy separation equipment to separate the heat energy from the water and generate new water vapor. Since the evaporation efficiency of water at higher temperatures is several times that of water at lower temperatures, the energy required to obtain the same amount of heat energy water vapor is only a fraction of that at lower temperatures. This part of the steam energy can be reused. Therefore,

[0050] In the aforementioned cold and heat energy separation device, the water inlet of the sealed container is connected to one end of a pipe, and the other end of the pipe can be connected to at least one of the following devices:

[0051] a cooling water outlet for the power generation medium condenser;

[0052] a waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator;

[0053] A branch pipe opening on the high-temperature steam discharge pipeline of the vacuum pump unit.

[0054] Another measure that is beneficial to the evaporation of water in the sealed container can be taken: a heater is provided in the upper portion of the sealed container, which is located above the set liquid level in the sealed container.

[0055] Preferably, the heater is a heating coil, and both ends of the heating coil extend out of the sealed container in a sealed manner to be connected to a heating medium supply device.

[0056] Preferably, the heating medium supply device connected to the heating coil can be the vacuum pump unit, and a branch pipe is led out from the steam outlet of the vacuum pump unit to connect to the heating coil.

[0057] Alternatively, the heating coil is connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser;

[0058] The heating coil is connected to the waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator;

[0059] The heating coil is connected to the exhaust steam outlet of the low-temperature generator.

[0060] The installation of heating coils improves steam production efficiency by reducing pressure and increasing temperature. The hot steam generated in the heat and cold separation device heats the vaporized power generation medium. After the first power generation, over 80% of the remaining energy remains unused. This energy can be reused by the heat separation unit for secondary or multiple power generation, fully utilizing the energy separated by heat and cold separation technology.

[0061] To this end, the low-temperature generator set includes at least two low-temperature generators, which are connected in series, that is, the exhaust outlet of the power generation medium spent steam of the preceding low-temperature generator is connected to the power generation medium spent steam inlet of the following low-temperature generator through a pipeline, and the exhaust outlet of the power generation medium spent steam of the last low-temperature generator is connected to the power generation medium spent steam inlet of the power generation medium condenser through a pipeline.

[0062] A water inlet is provided above the liquid level of the sealed container, and a water spraying device is provided on the water inlet so that the water enters the sealed container in a spraying shape.

[0063] A water inlet is provided above the liquid level in the sealed container and is connected to one end of a pipe, and the other end of the pipe is connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser and / or the waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator.

[0064] That is, the water inlet above the liquid surface can be sprayed with raw water or not, preferably with hot water to increase the steam production rate. Therefore, the water inlet is connected to at least one of the following devices:

[0065] Connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser;

[0066] Connect to the exhaust steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator.

[0067] Preferably, the water spraying port of the water spraying device is arranged in a horizontal direction or in a downward inclined direction.

[0068] The vacuum pump unit is a multi-stage vacuum pump, wherein the suction port of the first-stage vacuum pump is connected to the steam outlet on the sealed container, and the suction port of the next stage is connected to the exhaust port of the previous stage. The suction volume of each stage of the vacuum pump gradually decreases from front to back, so that the pressure of the extracted steam is gradually increased to atmospheric pressure. The high-temperature steam and / or hot water exhaust port is provided at the last stage.

[0069] Preferably, in the multi-stage vacuum pump, the first-stage vacuum pump and the second-stage vacuum pump are Roots vacuum pumps, and the last-stage vacuum pump is a screw vacuum pump.

[0070] The energy supply station provided by the present invention is characterized by:

[0071] This energy supply station utilizes heat and cold energy separation technology to generate a steady stream of steam as the energy source for low-temperature power generation. Due to the high efficiency and low energy consumption of steam generation, it can provide electricity, heat, and even cooling energy at a very low cost. Furthermore, the use of a heat separation unit, a variant of the heat and cold energy separation unit, allows for the effective utilization of lower-quality thermal energy previously unavailable for low-temperature power generation, significantly improving energy efficiency.

[0072] The power-generating medium used in the generator of this invention is supplied with steam via a heat and cold energy separation device. The sealed container is a key component of the vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation device. This container maintains a high degree of vacuum, allowing the water contained therein to evaporate at relatively low temperatures. This vapor is then pumped out by a vacuum pump unit to produce higher-temperature steam, which is used to heat the power-generating medium in the low-temperature generator set. Vacuum sublimation heat and cold energy separation technology utilizes vacuum technology and the physical properties of water to separate, store, and utilize cold and heat energy.

[0073] By utilizing high-efficiency vacuum sublimation evaporation technology, which differs from compressor technology, and without the need for other refrigerant media and associated refrigerant circulation systems, this technology reduces energy transfer steps, improves system efficiency, and significantly enhances performance, resulting in a significant improvement in overall system efficiency, with a COP value of at least 18. Furthermore, by utilizing water's phase transition forms (steam and ice) as energy carriers and application media, the separation and utilization of cold and hot energy is more convenient. This invention provides a low-energy technology to partially replace traditional compressor technology, achieving energy savings and consumption reductions. Vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and hot energy separation technology can provide a new solution. Using a high-efficiency vacuum sublimation evaporation unit to separate and utilize cold and hot energy is a new technology based on the second law of thermodynamics. By utilizing the physical properties of water, such as its phase transition principle and vapor partial pressure, the energy-intensive cooling and heating processes can be separated using less energy. By using a method that conforms to natural laws, ice and liquid water sublimate and evaporate in a high vacuum and low temperature environment, with the water vapor subsequently extracted. This technology generates heat while cooling, separating the cold energy into solid ice and the heat into vapor, and utilizing both separately. For energy supply stations, the vacuum level in sealed containers can be set low, meaning the water in the container doesn't necessarily freeze; it simply evaporates at a low temperature.

[0074] Furthermore, the spent steam and condensed hot water after power generation can be reused and fed into the water inlet of the sealed container of the original or secondary heat and cold energy separation equipment, where the heat energy in the water is separated and new water vapor is generated. Because the evaporation efficiency of water at higher temperatures is several times that of water at lower temperatures, the energy expenditure required to obtain the same amount of high-quality heat energy (water vapor) is only a fraction of that at lower temperatures. This new steam energy can be reused. If two sets of heat and cold energy separation equipment are used to utilize the hot water after power generation, different vacuum levels can be set in the two sealed containers. The first sealed container that enters the room temperature water has a higher vacuum level, while the second sealed container that enters the hot water can have a lower vacuum level.

[0075] Another secondary heat and cold energy separation device is added to the aforementioned heat and cold energy separation device. The first-level heat and cold energy separation device is set to a higher vacuum degree, and the heat of crystallization of water is used to separate the heat energy, while the second-level heat and cold energy separation device is set to a lower vacuum degree, which mainly improves the evaporation efficiency and obtains a large amount of high-quality heat energy steam for low-temperature power generation equipment, which can also improve the power generation efficiency.

[0076] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] Figure 1This is a structural schematic diagram of a distributed energy supply station using the vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method provided by the present invention.

[0078] Figure 2 For Figure 1 On the basis of the above, a structural diagram of the energy supply station with a secondary cold and heat energy separation device is added.

[0079] Figure 3 For Figure 1 On this basis, a structural diagram of the energy supply station with a secondary cold and heat energy separation device is added.

[0080] Figure 3a for Figure 3 A variant embodiment of .

[0081] Figure 4 For Figure 1 On the basis of the above, a structural diagram of an energy supply station is added in which the steam extracted from the sealed container by a vacuum pump unit is used to preheat the raw water.

[0082] Figure 5 For Figure 1 On the basis of the above, a structural diagram of an energy supply station is added in which the cooling water used for cooling the power generation medium steam in the power generation device is used to preheat the raw water.

[0083] Figure 6 For Figure 1 On the basis of the above, a structural diagram of an energy supply station is added, in which the steam used to heat the vaporized power generation medium in the power generation device is used to preheat the raw water.

[0084] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the evaporation rate of water at different temperatures and pressures.

[0085] Figure 8 This is the equilibrium phase diagram for water.

[0086] Figure 9 It is a graph showing the relationship between working conditions and COP, which shows the COP conditions during existing compression cooling or heating. The horizontal axis represents the state points with different temperature differences between the artificial environment and the fluid, and the vertical axis represents the COP values ​​corresponding to various state points.

[0087] Figure 10 Graph showing the relationship between operating conditions and COP, which shows the COP conditions of the method of the present invention during cooling or heating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] like Figure 1 The figure shows an embodiment of a distributed energy supply station using a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method provided by the present invention, comprising a low-temperature power generation device and a cold and heat energy separation device.

[0089] The low-temperature power generation device is a prior art device, comprising a low-temperature generator set, which comprises a low-temperature generator 1, a power generation medium evaporator 2 and a power generation medium condenser 3.

[0090] The low-temperature generator 1 is a low-temperature steam generator, specifically a screw expansion generator, which has a shell in which a screw is arranged. The shell is provided with a power generation medium steam inlet 11 and a power generation medium spent steam outlet 12.

[0091] The power generation medium evaporator 2 is a partition-type heat exchanger, on which a power generation medium inlet 21 and a power generation medium steam outlet 22 are provided to connect to the power generation medium evaporation channel. The power generation medium steam outlet 22 is connected to the power generation medium steam inlet 11 of the low-temperature generator 1. The power generation medium evaporator 2 is also provided with a heating steam inlet 23 and a waste steam outlet 24 to connect to the heating steam channel.

[0092] The power generation medium condenser 3 is a partition-type heat exchanger, on which a power generation medium spent steam inlet 31 and a power generation medium condensate outlet 32 ​​are provided, which are connected to the power generation medium condensation channel. The power generation medium spent steam inlet 31 is connected to the power generation medium spent steam outlet 12 of the low-temperature generator 1. The power generation medium condenser 3 is also provided with a cooling water inlet 33 and a cooling water outlet 34, which are connected to the cooling water channel.

[0093] The power generation medium spent steam outlet 12 of the low-temperature generator 1 is connected to the power generation medium spent steam inlet 31 of the power generation medium condenser 3 .

[0094] The heat and cold energy separation device includes a separation device 4 and a vacuum pump unit 5.

[0095] The separation device 4 includes a sealed container. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the sealed container comprises a sealed tank 4-1, with a raw water inlet 44 provided on the tank 4-1, a steam outlet 42 provided at the top of the tank 4-1, connected to a vacuum pump unit 5, and a wastewater outlet provided at the bottom of the tank 4-1. Within the tank 4-1 are a liquid supply tray 4-3, an agitator 43, and a heater 4-2. The liquid supply tray 4-3 is located at the bottom of the tank 4-1, below the set liquid level. The liquid supply tray 4-3 is a showerhead with an upward-facing spray port. The liquid inlet at the center of the bottom is connected to the raw water inlet 44 of the tank 4-1 via a pipe. The heater 4-2 is a heating coil located above the set liquid level. The two ends of the heating coil 4-2 extend sealedly from the tank 4-1 for connection to a heating medium supply device. The inlet of the heating coil can be connected to the steam outlet of the vacuum pump unit to utilize pressurized and heated steam as the heating medium. The presence of the heating coil 4-2 facilitates the generation of a larger amount of pressurized and heated steam.

[0096] The heating coil 4 - 2 may also be connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser, or to the waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator, or to the exhaust steam outlet of the low-temperature generator.

[0097] The vacuum pump unit 5 is a multi-stage vacuum pump. The air intake 51 of the first stage is connected to the steam outlet on the sealed container, and the air intake of the next stage is connected to the exhaust port of the previous stage. The air extraction volume of each stage of the vacuum pump gradually decreases from front to back, so that the pressure of the extracted steam is gradually increased to atmospheric pressure. A high-temperature steam exhaust port 52 is provided at the last stage.

[0098] The high-temperature steam outlet 52 of the vacuum pump unit 5 is connected via a pipeline to the heating steam inlet 23 of the power generation medium evaporator 2 in the low-temperature power generation device. The high-temperature steam, which is extracted from a sealed container and gradually pressurized to atmospheric pressure by the vacuum pump unit 5, heats and vaporizes the power generation medium R245fa in the medium evaporation channel of the power generation medium evaporator 2.

[0099] The present invention provides Figure 1 The distributed energy supply station using the vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method shown can be operated as follows:

[0100] Vacuum pump unit 5 is activated to create a set vacuum within the sealed container, tank 4-1. Raw water is then added to tank 4-1. The raw water vaporizes at low temperatures within tank 4-1 due to the vacuum environment. The vaporized water vapor is then pumped out by vacuum pump unit 5. As the pumping capacity of each stage of the multi-stage vacuum pump decreases from front to back, the pressure of the extracted water vapor gradually increases to atmospheric pressure. Simultaneously, the temperature of the vapor rises to, for example, approximately 100°C. This vapor is then passed into the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device, where it serves as a heating medium to heat and vaporize the power generation medium. The vaporized power generation medium is then fed into the low-temperature generator, driving the screw and, in turn, generating electricity. Exhaust steam from the power generation medium exits the low-temperature generator and enters the power generation medium condenser, where it is cooled and liquefied. It then enters a storage tank or directly enters the power generation medium evaporator, where it is vaporized and returned to the low-temperature generator. In the energy supply station, the steam used to heat and vaporize the power generation medium used by the low-temperature generator is water vapor produced by a vacuum sublimation evaporation hot and cold energy separation device. The production of this water vapor uses a special hot and cold energy separation method, so its energy consumption is very small.

[0101] This energy supply station utilizes vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation technology to separate the energy in water into readily usable energy. Specifically, the latent heat of freezing and sensible heat in water at room temperature or below are separated into heat (water vapor) and cold (ice). The sensible heat in water above room temperature but below 100°C is separated into high-quality heat (water vapor). This energy supply station utilizes low-temperature power generation technology to harness the energy of water vapor for electricity generation, using an ice-water mixture as a cooling source to improve the efficiency of the low-temperature generator.

[0102] The following is a detailed analysis of the high efficiency mechanism of the cold and heat energy separation device provided by the present invention:

[0103] This invention uses a high-efficiency vacuum sublimation evaporation unit to separate cold and heat energy and utilize them in low-temperature power generation. It is a new technology based on the second law of thermodynamics.

[0104] from Figure 8 As can be seen in the figure, when the pressure of the artificial environment, that is, the sealed container containing water, is reduced from 101.3 kPa (atmospheric pressure) to below 128 Pa, the equilibrium point of water's vaporization temperature will move downward along the gas-liquid (CO) line, the triple point (O point), and the gas-solid (OA) line, that is, from 373 K to below 253 K (from 100 degrees Celsius to below -20 degrees Celsius).

[0105] In order to separate the cold and hot energy and facilitate their utilization, the present invention extracts the heat energy in the form of steam and separates and stores the cold energy in the form of ice. The process range is: Temperature: 272K-253K (or below) (see Figure 8 ab line), pressure: 600Pa-100Pa (see Figure 8 (in oa). Figure 8 The water equilibrium phase diagram shown here shows a solid-gas two-phase region. The gas phase region is a closed triangular region with an oabo shape. Within this region, solid water (ice) can directly sublime into vapor. Because the pressure is significantly lower than the saturated vapor pressure of liquid water (see Table 1), surface water can still exist in liquid form under non-equilibrium conditions and directly evaporate into vapor. The vapor sublimated from the ice and the vapor evaporated from the water are extracted by a vacuum pump unit, and the ice slurry is extracted by an ice slurry pump. This achieves the separation and transmission of cold and hot energy.

[0106] Table 1: Comparison table of water temperature and saturated water vapor pressure

[0107]

[0108] This invention overcomes the bottleneck of low efficiency in current heat pump and refrigeration systems based on gas compression technology, exponentially improving the COP (Consumer Performance Opportunity) ratio (COP) of existing mainstream technologies to less than 8. The reason for this is as follows: Water in nature contains thermal energy, namely, sensible heat and latent heat of freezing. For example, if the thermal energy (sensible heat and latent heat of freezing) contained in one ton of 20°C water is separated and used to heat one ton of 0°C water, the water temperature can be raised to 100°C. Vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation technology separates the energy in ambient water into heat (water vapor) and cold (ice), allowing these two energy forms to be further utilized. Steam can be used as an energy source for low-temperature power generation (similar to a geothermal source) or as heat for winter heating. This provides a low-cost heat source for central heating in large buildings and residential communities. Ice is the cheapest and most efficient form of cold energy storage and can be used as a cold source for central air-conditioning facilities and residential communities, partially replacing high-energy-consuming large and medium-sized chillers. At the same time, by utilizing the physical properties of water, the seawater can be desalinated during the process of freezing during the heat and cold separation process, thus achieving the low-cost development of a second water source. Therefore, the emergence of vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold separation technology will provide a new path and a highly efficient and low-cost method for solving energy and water problems.

[0109] The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy increase of an ideal refrigeration cycle is zero, i.e., Qa / Ta = Q0 / Tc. (Qa is the ambient heat transfer; Q0 is the target fluid's heat transfer; Ta is the ambient temperature; and Tc is the target fluid's temperature.) Substituting Q0+W = Qa, we obtain (Q0+W) / Ta = Q0 / Tc. This leads to Q0 / W = 1 / (Ta / Tc-1) = εc, where εc is called the coefficient of refrigeration, the same as the energy efficiency ratio (COP).

[0110] like Figure 9 As shown in the figure, it is a relationship diagram between the difference between the ambient temperature Ta and the target body temperature Tc and the COP value: as the temperature difference decreases, the COP value increases. When the temperature difference is less than 10, the COP value rises rapidly.

[0111] It can be seen from the formula that the cooling capacity and input power are only related to the target fluid temperature Tc and the ambient temperature Ta. Using the above formula, it can be calculated that when the ambient temperature Ta = 35 ° C and Tc = -119 ° C, Ta / Tc = 2. At this time, the cooling capacity = power, that is, εc = 1, or the energy efficiency ratio COP as known in the industry = 1. When the temperature difference Ta-Tc begins to decrease, the COP value begins to be greater than 1. Since COP = 1 / (Ta / Tc-1), the COP value increases at an accelerated rate as the temperature difference decreases. Figure 9 As shown, the COP data graph is intercepted when Ta=35°C, starting from Ta-Tc=44°C, COP=6, to Ta-Tc=1.

[0112] When Ta=35℃, the relationship between COP and Ta-Tc is as follows:

[0113] As the temperature difference decreases (approximately the horizontal axis of the point on the flat line), the COP value increases rapidly. (The horizontal axis is the sequence number, and the vertical axis is the COP value)

[0114] Taking current mainstream compression technology as an example, when the ambient temperature is Ta = 35°C and the cooling end target temperature Tc is 0°C, the Ta-Tc = 35°C, and the COP value can reach 7.8 (see the value on the ordinate corresponding to point 10 on the abscissa in the figure). In actual use, the temperature difference required for heat transfer must be considered. Assuming a heat transfer temperature difference of 5°C, the cooling end temperature must reach -5°C to meet the required temperature. At this point, Ta-Tc = 40°C, the COP value can only reach 6.7 (see the value on the ordinate corresponding to point 5 on the abscissa in the figure). This means that the temperature difference increases, and the COP value decreases. Furthermore, considering the system efficiency coefficient, this is consistent with the COP of mainstream equipment currently on the market, which is around 6. Therefore, due to the limitations of system structure, ambient temperature, and usage requirements, further breakthroughs in the energy efficiency of compression refrigeration technology are unlikely.

[0115] Taking the embodiment of the present invention as an example, the above principles and calculation formulas are also applied. It can be concluded through calculation that when the ambient temperature Ta = 272K and the temperature difference Ta-Tc = 10 degrees with the target fluid, i.e., the surface temperature Tc of the ice water in the crystallizer, the liquid dissipates heat to the environment and freezes. Refrigeration capacity >> power. The COP value can reach 26 (see the value on the vertical axis corresponding to point 30 in the figure). Because in the present invention, the working environment, i.e., the artificial environment, and the target fluid, i.e., the water in the crystallizer, are highly overlapped, i.e., they are in the same space. Therefore, the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the target fluid can be controlled within a narrow range. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the COP value can reach a very high level.

[0116] It can be understood in this way that the compression refrigeration and heating in the existing technology forcibly moves heat from a low temperature to a high temperature, which is a process that goes against nature. The method provided by the present invention is a process that follows nature. The environment is evacuated, and under a certain vacuum pressure, the liquid therein will naturally evaporate and solidify, and the solidified solid can also sublimate to produce steam. The generated steam and solid are then removed from the environment separately. Ice is cold energy and can be used. The temperature of the steam increases after the pressure is increased and can be used as heat energy. The energy consumed in this process is only to form a vacuum environment of a set pressure and to break up and remove the solid. Therefore, the energy consumption must be less and the COP value must be high!

[0117] Figure 10The COP data graph is intercepted when Ta = 0 ° C, (from Ta-Tc = 39 ° C (Tc = 234K)), COP = 6, to Ta-Tc = 1 ° C. When Ta = 0 ° C, the relationship between COP and Ta-Tc is as follows Figure 10 As shown:

[0118] When Tc=263K, ie -10 degrees (point 30 corresponds to the value on the vertical axis), COP=26.3.

[0119] The advantages of the present invention are illustrated below by using data from an experiment and calculation of scale production efficiency.

[0120] This experiment uses laboratory conditions and small-scale experimental equipment data as a starting point to estimate the output and energy consumption of industrial production scale by analogy, partially replacing the pilot test. However, all process parameters will be based on the pilot test data.

[0121] Table 2 shows the experimental data of the state of the brine at each stage of vacuuming in Experiment 1 and the relationship between the final evaporation amount and the amount of ice (capacity).

[0122] Table 2

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] The experimental results show that 6.66 kg of ice can be frozen for every kg of steam produced, which is basically consistent with the ratio of vaporization heat to latent heat of freezing.

[0126] Table 3: Heat of vaporization of water at different temperatures

[0127] Temperature / ℃ Heat of vaporization / (kJ·kg-1) 0 2501 50 2383 100 2257 150 2114

[0128] From this we can see that when 1 kg of water (0°C) is completely frozen, it will release 334.4 kJ of latent heat of freezing. Calculation shows that the heat absorbed by evaporating 1 kg of steam can freeze about 7 kg of ice.

[0129] Table 4 shows the experimental data of the state of the brine at each stage of vacuuming in Experiment 2 and the relationship between the final evaporation amount and the amount of ice (capacity).

[0130] Table 4

[0131]

[0132] In the experiment with 4L / s vacuum equipment, the sublimation evaporation amount within 2 minutes of starting the machine was 39.6g and 38.65g respectively. The ice production amount was 263.86g and 226.23g respectively, with an average of 245g. The ratio of ice production to evaporation amount was 6.66 and 5.85 respectively. Since the evaporation heat of 0℃ water is 2501KJ / Kg, the heat released when 0℃ water freezes into 0℃ ice is 334.4KJ / Kg. It can be concluded that the evaporation heat is about 7.48 times the latent heat of freezing. Taking into account the loss of cold energy by the experimental equipment, the ratio of vaporization endotherm to latent heat of freezing in the experimental results of 6.25 is very close. That is, for every 1Kg of water vapor extracted, 7.48Kg of ice can be frozen.

[0133] Comparison of energy efficiency ratio between the present invention and prior art equipment:

[0134] In an experiment using a 4L / s (0.55kW) vacuum device, assuming 250g of ice per minute, 15kg of ice can be produced per hour. Based on the equation 1kWh = 1000w x 3600s = 3600000J, freezing one ton of ice requires 334,400kJ (92.89kWH) of cooling energy. Calculated energy consumption per ton of ice in this experimental setup is 36.67kWh, resulting in a COP of 2.53 (92.89 / 36.67 = 2.53). This compares favorably with commercially available ice slurry machines. For example, a factory-produced SF100 ice slurry machine boasts a unit output 28 times that of this experimental device (420kg / 15kg = 28). However, calculated based on installed power, its COP is only 1.94. Calculated based on operating power, the COP is only 2.76, similar to the experimental data.

[0135] The parameters of the ice slurry machine produced by a certain factory are shown in Table 5:

[0136] Table 5

[0137]

[0138] The parameters of the ice cube machine produced by a certain factory are shown in Table 6: (The efficiency is much lower than that of the ice slurry machine)

[0139] Table 6

[0140]

[0141] Based on the two experiments above, if the vacuum unit's pumping capacity is increased by 2,500 times, over 37.5 tons of ice can be produced per hour. With a 135kW unit, calculations show that it consumes 3.6kWh of electricity per ton of ice, and its COP can reach at least 26, a five-fold improvement over current compressor technology.

[0142] Calculated based on the vacuum unit's exhaust efficiency:

[0143] Since the efficiency of ice production mainly depends on the vacuum unit's extraction efficiency, we also compare a 4L / s (0.55KW) vacuum unit with a 2500-fold increase (135KW) in power. The calculation results are shown in Table 7:

[0144] Table 7

[0145]

[0146] This result is essentially the same as the result obtained using the aforementioned calculation method (COP = 26). This also demonstrates that system efficiency can be improved by increasing the size of the vacuum pump unit. In fact, because the vacuum pump used in this experiment differs significantly from large-scale vacuum pump units, the efficiency of large-scale production equipment could be significantly improved.

[0147] A specific operation involves first creating a vacuum of 600-100 Pa within the water crystallizer, the required vacuum evaporation operating environment. This causes some of the low-temperature raw water in the crystallizer to evaporate, removing heat and causing some of the remaining water to begin freezing into ice. As the vacuum increases according to process requirements, the pressure within the crystallizer's working space continues to decrease according to process parameters, entering the ice sublimation zone—the normal production pressure parameter range for this process. Since ice forms on the water surface, sublimation begins. At this point, an agitator within the crystallizer gradually removes the ice from the working space. The removal of some of the ice layer allows the water beneath it to continue evaporating, while the continued evaporation of water vapor provides excellent heat transfer conditions for the sublimation of the ice layer. Sublimation and evaporation proceed simultaneously within the crystallizer, with water vapor continuously escaping and removing significant amounts of heat, causing new, low-temperature raw water to continuously freeze into ice within the crystallizer. The finished ice is then discharged through a solid-liquid separation device, completing the entire ice-making and steam-producing process.

[0148] The present invention utilizes the phase change principle, vapor partial pressure and other physical properties of water, so that the energy-intensive refrigeration and heating processes can be carried out with relatively low energy consumption. The reason for this is that the present invention uses a method that conforms to the laws of nature, allowing ice and liquid water to sublime and evaporate in a very low vapor partial pressure, that is, in an environment with a high degree of vacuum, and then the water vapor is pumped away. That is, the separation of cold and hot energy can be completed with less energy. This technology generates heat while cooling, and separates the cold energy in the form of ice (solid) and the hot energy in the form of (gaseous) steam, and utilizes them.

[0149] In order to further improve the output efficiency of water vapor in the sealed container, it is a good measure to stir the water in the tank body by the stirrer 43. In addition, it is also possible to Figure 1The shower-style water inlet method shown in the figure causes the water in the tank to boil cold. Specifically, a liquid supply tray 4-3 is provided, which is arranged at the lower part of the tank body 4-1 and is lower than the set liquid level in the sealed container. The liquid supply tray 4-3 is a shower with a liquid spray hole facing upward. The liquid inlet hole at the bottom is connected to the raw water inlet 44 through a pipeline.

[0150] like Figure 7 The graph below shows the evaporation rate of water at different temperatures. It shows that the evaporation rate increases with increasing temperature. Furthermore, within different temperature ranges, the evaporation rate accelerates as the temperature rises, and the rate of increase is a non-proportional linear relationship.

[0151] It can be seen from this that in order to further improve the extraction rate of water vapor in the sealed container, it is advantageous to heat the space above the water surface in the sealed container. For this reason, in the aforementioned embodiment, it is an effective measure to set heater 4-2 in the space above the water surface of the sealed container.

[0152] After generating electricity once, steam still retains more than 80% of its energy, which exists in the exhaust steam discharged from the generator. Therefore, this exhaust steam can be reused to pass into another generator for secondary or multiple power generation, so that the energy separated by the cold and heat energy separation technology can be fully utilized.

[0153] To this end, the design can be as follows: the low-temperature generator set includes at least two low-temperature generators, which are connected in series, that is, the exhaust outlet of the power generation medium spent steam of the preceding low-temperature generator is connected to the power generation medium steam inlet of the succeeding low-temperature generator via a pipeline, and the exhaust outlet of the power generation medium spent steam of the last low-temperature generator is connected to the power generation medium spent steam inlet of the power generation medium condenser via a pipeline.

[0154] Assuming a low-temperature generator's primary power generation efficiency of 8%-12%, the energy utilization rate after secondary or multiple power generation increases to over 24%. From the perspective of energy conservation, the energy released when one ton of steam condenses into 100°C water is 2,260,000 kJ, equivalent to 630 kWh. Taking into account losses in the power generation system, the power generation efficiency can reach 50%.

[0155] Furthermore, if Figure 7As shown in the graph of the evaporation rate of stationary water at different temperatures, the evaporation rate begins to accelerate when the water temperature exceeds 25°C. Based on this property, heat and cold energy separation technologies can be divided into low-temperature heat and cold energy separation technologies and high-temperature heat and cold energy separation technologies. Low-temperature heat and cold energy separation technologies separate the latent heat of crystallization of water, which is equivalent to the heat energy required to heat water from 20°C to 100°C. High-temperature heat and cold energy separation technologies efficiently separate the heat energy in water between 20°C and 100°C, generating high-quality energy steam. The energy separation products in these different temperature ranges all contain water vapor, but the efficiency of water vapor generation varies in different temperature ranges. Vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation technologies efficiently separate the latent heat of freezing in water below room temperature, generating several times the input energy with minimal energy consumption. High-temperature energy separation technologies, on the other hand, use the latent heat of crystallization separated by low-temperature energy separation technologies to heat raw water, generating heat energy (water vapor) with minimal energy consumption (less than 10 kilowatt-hours per ton of steam). The heat released when one ton of 100°C steam condenses into 100°C water is 2,260,000 kJ, equivalent to 630 kWh. Calculated at a 10% power generation efficiency, this yields 63 kWh of electricity, significantly exceeding the 10 kWh / ton of steam energy consumed for separation. This allows for the full utilization of the separated latent heat of crystallization. Multiple heat separations and utilization significantly improve power generation efficiency.

[0156] Based on this theory, the water entering the sealed container tank 4-1 can be heated by connecting a preheater to the raw water inlet 44 of the sealed container. This preheater heats the water entering the sealed container using hot water or steam. The heat source for the preheater can be an external heat source, or it can use the energy supply station's own heat energy.

[0157] like Figure 4 As shown, the preheating heat source can be steam extracted from a vacuum pump unit. Specifically, a branch pipe is provided on the pipeline that carries the heating steam to the power generation medium evaporator 2, connected to the preheater. Water discharged from the preheater can be added to a sealed container through the raw water inlet 44. Alternatively, it can be vented or discharged.

[0158] like Figure 5 As shown, the preheating heat source can be the cooling water used to cool the power generation medium in the power generation medium condenser 3. Specifically, a branch pipe is connected to the cooling water outlet 34 of the power generation medium condenser 3, which is connected to the preheater. The water discharged from the preheater can be added to a sealed container through the raw water inlet 44. Of course, it can also be vented or discharged.

[0159] like Figure 6As shown, the preheating heat source can also be steam or hot water after heating the power generation medium. Specifically, a branch pipe is connected to the exhaust steam outlet 24 of the power generation medium evaporator 2, and this branch pipe is connected to the preheater. The water discharged from the preheater can be added to a sealed container through the raw water inlet 44. Of course, it can also be vented or discharged.

[0160] This significantly increases the water vapor production rate by raising the raw water temperature without consuming additional energy, further enhancing the energy efficiency of the energy supply station. The power generation medium condenser 3 is also connected to a liquid reservoir (not shown). This reservoir is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The liquid inlet is connected to the power generation medium condensate outlet 32 ​​on the power generation medium condenser 3, and the liquid outlet is connected to the power generation medium inlet 21 on the power generation medium evaporator 2. A liquid pump 6 is provided in the pipeline therebetween.

[0161] An oil separator 7 is installed on the pipeline of the power generation medium spent steam outlet 12 of the low-temperature generator 1 to separate the power generation medium and the lubricating oil. The separated power generation medium is sent to the power generation medium condenser 3 through the pipeline, and the separated lubricating oil is sent back to the low-temperature generator 1 through the oil pump 8. Figure 5 If the temperature of the raw water is raised to 40-70°C, the steam output per hour can be increased by 2-3 times.

[0162] This leads to two preferred embodiments:

[0163] One approach involves installing a pipeline at the sealed container's water inlet to connect it to the cooling water outlet 34 of the power generation medium condenser 3 in the low-temperature generator set. The other approach involves installing a pipeline at the sealed container's raw water inlet 44 to connect it to the exhaust steam outlet 24 of the power generation medium evaporator 2 in the low-temperature generator set. In both approaches, high-temperature cooling water or waste steam still containing heat energy from the power generation unit is directly introduced into the sealed container for heat and cold energy separation.

[0164] Further, by Figure 7 It can be seen that the technology and equipment for vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation can be divided into the following two types:

[0165] ① Low-temperature heat and cold energy separation technology, the target of which is the latent heat of crystallization of water.

[0166] ② High-temperature heat and cold energy separation technology separates the sensible heat in hot water. This technology uses the separated latent heat of crystallization to heat raw water at temperatures above room temperature. The heat energy in the heated raw water can be separated from the steam using only a small amount of energy (less than 10KWH / ton of steam), thus meeting the needs of low-temperature power generation.

[0167] To this end, a cold and hot energy separation device can be added to the energy supply station:

[0168] like Figure 2 As shown, the aforementioned heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, referred to as a first-stage heat and cold energy separation device, in which an ice slurry outlet 4-4 is further provided on the tank body 4-1 of the sealed container in the separation device 4, and a storage tank 53 is connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the first-stage heat and cold energy separation device; a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device is also included between the first-stage heat and cold energy separation device and the low-temperature power generation device, referred to as a second-stage heat and cold energy separation device, including a first- and second-stage sealed container 4', the second-stage sealed container 4' is provided with at least a high-temperature water inlet 44' and a high-temperature steam outlet 42', the high-temperature water inlet 44' is connected to the storage tank connected to the high-temperature steam outlet 52 of the first-stage heat and cold energy separation device, the high-temperature steam outlet 42' on the second-stage sealed container 4' is connected to a first- and second-stage vacuum pump unit 5', and the final steam outlet of the second-stage vacuum pump unit 5' is connected to the heating steam inlet 23 on the power generation medium evaporator 2 in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline.

[0169] In this embodiment, a high vacuum level can be set in the primary heat and cold energy separation device. A portion of the raw water freezes, and ice slurry is discharged from the slurry outlet. The latent heat released by the freezing is converted into steam and extracted by a vacuum pump unit. This steam, or alternatively hot water, is then introduced as raw water into a sealed container in the secondary heat and cold energy separation device. The vacuum level is set low, allowing the hot water to quickly and abundantly transform into steam. The higher-temperature steam generated by the vacuum pump unit is then fed into the low-temperature power generation device to heat the power generation medium.

[0170] Thanks to the use of high-temperature energy separation technology, low-quality energy sources (such as hot water below 60°C), which are difficult to use for power generation with existing technologies, can be converted into thermal steam suitable for low-temperature power generation with only a small amount of energy. This enables multiple uses of energy, resulting in power generation efficiency several times higher than existing energy utilization technologies. It also opens up a new avenue for utilizing low-quality waste heat in other fields. Specifically, lower-temperature hot water can be passed through the heat and cold energy separation device, and a high vacuum level established to produce higher-temperature steam for low-temperature power generation.

[0171] The equipment used in high-temperature energy separation technology is essentially the same as that used in vacuum sublimation evaporation heat and cold energy separation technology, except that two or three water inlets are added above the water surface in the evaporator. These inlets are equipped with water sprayers, which spray water into the sealed container. The sprayers are positioned horizontally or downwardly angled. The best hot water enters through the sprayers. For example, a pipe connected to the water inlet connects to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser or the exhaust steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator. The horizontal or downwardly angled spray of hot water improves evaporation efficiency as the water temperature drops. The exhaust steam discharged from the power generation medium evaporator after power generation and the hot water condensed in the power generation medium cooler can be reused and fed into the heat and cold energy separation equipment to separate the heat energy from the water and generate new water vapor.

[0172] like Figure 3 A specific embodiment is shown:

[0173] The aforementioned heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, referred to as the primary heat and cold energy separation device. It also includes a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, referred to as the secondary heat and cold energy separation device. This secondary heat and cold energy separation device includes a secondary sealed container 4", which is provided with at least a secondary water inlet 44" and a secondary steam outlet 42". The secondary water inlet 44" is connected via a pipeline to the exhaust steam outlet 24 of the power generation medium evaporator 2 in the low-temperature power generation device, or to the cooling water outlet 34 of the power generation medium condenser 3. The secondary steam outlet 42" is connected to a secondary vacuum pump unit 5". The final steam outlet of the secondary vacuum pump unit 5" is connected via a pipeline to the heating steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator in another low-temperature power generation device. Of course, it can also be connected to the heating steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator of an existing low-temperature power generation device. Because the evaporation efficiency of water at higher temperatures is several times that of water at lower temperatures, the energy required to obtain the same amount of heat energy is only a fraction of that at lower temperatures. This new steam energy can be reused.

[0174] From the relationship between water evaporation and temperature Figure 7 It can be seen that when the water surface is still and reaches 60 degrees, the saturated steam pressure reaches 19920Pa, and the equipment exhaust volume reaches 36000m 3 / h, the evaporation rate of water is 6374 kg / h. However, under the same equipment conditions, with a still water surface, a temperature of 0°C, and a saturated vapor pressure of 610 Pa, the evaporation rate is only 238 kg / h, only one-twenty-seventh of that at 60°C. In practice, the efficiency of water vapor extraction by vacuum equipment depends primarily on two factors: the vacuum pump unit's extraction capacity and the evaporation capacity of the raw water within the corresponding extraction volume. With unchanged equipment and process parameters, the evaporation capacity within the extraction volume is the decisive factor influencing steam production. Data obtained under these conditions shows that the evaporation rate of water at 60°C is 27 times that of water at 0°C (under still water conditions). Therefore, using the same vacuum pump unit, using heated water significantly increases steam production per unit time. This means that steam can be produced using only a few tenths of the energy output required to evaporate low-temperature water. According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy of this extracted steam is still equal to the energy of the input heating water. The water vapor is simply separated with very low energy consumption, becoming usable high-quality thermal energy. This shows that the advantages of vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation technology are very obvious.

[0175] Similarly, using this technology, we can separate energy in the ocean, in summer, or in the four seasons in southern China, and the efficiency should be much higher than that of thermoelectric power generation technology.

[0176] In addition to the above embodiments, there are also the following implementation plans:

[0177] 1. Use multiple sets of Figure 1 The cold and heat energy separation device shown, multiple sets of sealed containers and their corresponding vacuum pump units 5 or multiple sets of sealed containers corresponding to one vacuum pump unit, achieves the purpose of separating the latent heat of freezing in water (the latent heat of crystallization released by freezing 1 ton of water can heat 1 ton of water from room temperature to 100 degrees).

[0178] 2, such as Figure 3aAs shown, the high-temperature steam generated by the primary heat and cold energy separation device enters the heat exchanger A's heat channel through heat inlet A1 and is discharged through heat outlet A2 to the next heat exchanger or several subsequent heat exchangers. Normal-temperature water enters the heat exchanger's water channel through normal-temperature water inlet A3 and is heated. The hot water is discharged through outlet A4 and introduced through a pipe into the water inlet of the secondary heat and cold energy separation device 4". In this way, the heat energy separated in the first step can be concentrated and used to heat the raw water at a higher temperature using a heat exchanger. The secondary heat and cold energy separation device then efficiently separates high-quality water vapor and raises its pressure above atmospheric pressure for utilization, such as low-temperature power generation, or for other purposes. According to the law of conservation of energy, the thermal energy of the steam separated in the secondary step is equal to that of the primary step, except that the energy quality is superior, meaning that the steam temperature can be higher. Therefore, using such steam can significantly improve the power generation efficiency of low-temperature power generation units.

[0179] 3. The low-quality heat energy after use can be reused, greatly improving the utilization efficiency of separated energy, such as condensed hot water after power generation, and return water or waste water with residual heat.

[0180] Thanks to the efficient separation of cold and hot energy, both ice making and heating are highly efficient. Cold and hot energy can be obtained simultaneously at a fraction of the energy consumed by existing technologies, while the quality of the hot energy is improved and used efficiently.

[0181] The efficiency improvement achieved with the two-stage or double-stage heat and cold energy separation technology mentioned above is focused on obtaining higher-temperature water and its latent heat of freezing. Using ambient-temperature water for energy separation, however, results in less energy consumption due to its temperature being closer to 0°C. Using hot water for energy separation, however, focuses on obtaining high-quality steam and improving steam production efficiency.

[0182] A distributed energy supply station based on heat and cold separation utilizes new heat and cold separation technologies to integrate and improve existing technologies and equipment, leveraging existing technologies and equipment to reduce construction costs. This system integrates cooling, heating, and electrical energy into a centralized distributed energy supply system. This invention creates a new form of energy supply that is highly efficient, adaptable, and has a short payback period. Table 8 shows estimated investment and payback periods for several power generation types.

[0183] Table 8

[0184]

[0185] It can be seen from this that the energy supply station provided by the present invention has the lowest operating cost, the shortest payback period, the smallest investment, and the best overall performance.

[0186] Further analysis of the cost of using various energy sources:

[0187] Taking the energy cost of heating 1 ton of water at 20°C to 60°C as an example, Table 9 is as follows:

[0188] Table 9

[0189]

[0190] If you heat room temperature water (20°C) to 100°C, the energy cost will double.

[0191] Table 10

[0192]

[0193] From the data in Table 9 and Table 10, it can be seen that heating 1 ton of hot water requires burning 16.8 kg of standard coal at a cost of RMB 8.07. Or burning 16.8 m3 of natural gas 3 Under the condition of COP=18, the energy consumption of heat and cold energy separation technology is only 6.45KWH, and the cost is 3.6 yuan.

[0194] Using heat and cold energy separation technology, one ton of room-temperature water can release heat energy equivalent to burning 16.8 kg of standard coal or 16.8 cubic meters of natural gas. The amount of water in rivers, lakes, and oceans is staggering, providing a vast and endless supply of energy.

[0195] Using low-temperature power generation technology, the power generation capacity of an energy separation unit with different steam production and different power generation efficiency is shown in Table 11:

[0196] Table 11

[0197]

[0198] The energy supply station uses the separated heat energy to realize the function of a distributed energy supply station. The energy supply station has high efficiency, low investment and low entry threshold.

[0199] Prior art only allowed low-temperature generator projects to be implemented in locations with waste heat, such as near steel mills and power plants. However, using this invention, low-temperature power generation can be achieved anywhere near a water source, whether fresh or saltwater. Furthermore, if waste heat is present, the aforementioned high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device can be used to produce higher-quality steam for low-temperature power generation. Therefore, this supply station plays a crucial role in addressing the needs of remote areas, islands, and other regions and organizations requiring distributed energy supply. The energy-saving and emission-reduction effects are significant. Because the separated heat energy is partially utilized and converted into electricity, the corresponding cold energy is relatively increased, without causing a warming effect on the environment. With current low-temperature power generation technology, inputting hot water at a temperature above 60 degrees Celsius as an energy source can generate electricity that is 6%-12% of the input effective energy. With technological advancement, the efficiency of low-temperature power generation technology is expected to increase, and energy utilization efficiency will be even higher.

[0200] The invention can heat and cool at the same time, and can be operated in all seasons at the seaside and along the southern rivers. When heating in winter in the north, the problem of ice production in winter can be solved by storing ice in winter and using or selling it in summer.

[0201] The present invention utilizes the thermal energy (sensible heat and latent heat of freezing) contained in seawater to generate electricity. The data in Tables 1 and 2 show that separating the sensible heat and latent heat of freezing from one ton of room-temperature water is equivalent to the heat generated by burning 16.8 kg of standard coal. Based on a 20% power generation efficiency, 18.6 kilowatt-hours of electricity can be generated. The energy consumed to separate the sensible heat and latent heat of freezing from one ton of room-temperature water is only 5.6 kilowatt-hours (COP = 18).

[0202] It can be used for low-cost cooling services in summer, especially for the renovation of centralized air-conditioning in large buildings, hospitals, and office buildings, and for energy-saving replacement of some air-conditioning in residential areas (using floor cooling technology). Since the energy consumption ratio of the national first-level energy-efficient air-conditioning is only COP=3.4, which is more than 5 times higher than the lower limit of COP=18 of the new technology, the new technology has obvious advantages.

[0203] It can be used for low-cost winter heating. Based on the principle of conservation of energy, the separated heat and cold are equal. The new technology unit simultaneously produces water vapor with the same energy content as ice making. With an energy consumption ratio of 18, the heat production efficiency is still very high. If the heat is not used to melt ice and is fully used to heat buildings, the heating area can be roughly equivalent to the cooling area in summer.

[0204] The separated water vapor can be considered a geothermal source. The heat and cold energy separation system provides a stable steam flow, providing heat for the low-temperature screw generator to generate electricity. Because the efficiency of low-temperature power generation is between 8% and 12%, the steam source will still retain more than 85% of the low-temperature thermal energy (hot water above 90 degrees Celsius) after power generation. This temperature of hot water is fully sufficient for heating and bathing (40-50 degrees Celsius).

[0205] The present invention can be used for power supply, fresh water supply, heating in winter and cooling in summer on islands.

[0206] The present invention can be retrofitted to existing low-temperature power generation equipment by simply adding a heat and cold energy separation device. Therefore, in terms of retrofitting existing equipment, the present invention also offers the advantages of low equipment cost, small footprint, easy retrofitting of existing equipment systems, low retrofit investment, a short payback period, and rapid returns.

Claims

1. A distributed energy supply station using a vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method, characterized by: It includes a cold and heat energy separation device and a low-temperature power generation device. The cold and heat energy separation device includes a separation device and a vacuum pump unit. The separation device comprises a sealed container, which is provided with at least a water inlet and a steam outlet; The heat and cold energy separation device includes a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device and / or a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device. The sealed container in the low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device is further provided with an ice slurry outlet to separate the latent heat of freezing and sensible heat energy in water at room temperature or below into heat energy and cold energy; the sealed container in the high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device is provided with at least a water inlet and a steam outlet to separate the sensible heat in water above room temperature and below 100°C into high-quality heat energy; The air intake of the vacuum pump unit is connected to the steam outlet on the sealed container, and the vacuum pump unit is also provided with a high-temperature steam and / or hot water discharge outlet; The low-temperature power generation device includes a low-temperature generator set, which includes: a cryogenic generator, a power generation medium evaporator; and a power generation medium condenser; The power generation medium condenser and the power generation medium evaporator are both partition-type heat exchangers, and the power generation medium flow channels in the two are connected and connected to the low-temperature generator to form a circulation system; the power generation medium evaporator (2) is provided with a power generation medium inlet (21) and a power generation medium steam outlet (22) connected to the power generation medium evaporation channel, the power generation medium steam outlet (22) is connected to the power generation medium steam inlet (11) of the low-temperature generator (1), and the power generation medium evaporator (2) is also provided with a heating steam inlet (23) and a waste steam outlet (24) connected to the heating steam channel; the power generation medium condenser (3) is provided with a power generation medium exhaust steam inlet (31) and a power generation medium condensate outlet (32) connected to the power generation medium condensation channel, the power generation medium exhaust steam inlet (31) is connected to the power generation medium exhaust steam outlet (12) of the low-temperature generator (1), and the power generation medium condenser (3) is also provided with a cooling water inlet (33) and a cooling water outlet (34). Connecting the cooling water channel; the power generation medium spent steam outlet (12) of the low-temperature generator (1) is connected to the power generation medium spent steam inlet (31) of the power generation medium condenser (3); The heating steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected to the high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit in the cold and heat energy separation device through a pipeline; A stirring device is provided in the sealed container; and / or, A liquid supply tray is provided in the sealed container, and the liquid supply tray is provided at the lower part of the sealed container, lower than the set liquid level in the sealed container, the liquid supply tray is a shower head, the liquid spray hole is provided upward, and the liquid inlet hole at the bottom is connected to the water inlet through a pipeline; and / or, A heater is provided in the upper chamber of the sealed container, which is located above the set liquid level in the sealed container; and / or, The low-temperature generator set includes at least two low-temperature generators connected in series, that is, the exhaust outlet of the power generation medium spent steam of the preceding low-temperature generator is connected to the power generation medium steam inlet of the succeeding low-temperature generator via a pipeline, and the exhaust outlet of the power generation medium spent steam of the last low-temperature generator is connected to the power generation medium spent steam inlet of the power generation medium condenser via a pipeline; and / or, A water inlet is provided above the liquid level of the sealed container, and a water spraying device is provided on the water inlet so that water is sprayed into the sealed container; and / or, A water inlet is provided above the liquid level in the sealed container and connected to one end of a pipe, the other end of which is connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser and / or the exhaust steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator; and / or, The vacuum pump unit is a multi-stage vacuum pump, wherein the suction port of the first-stage vacuum pump is connected to the steam outlet on the sealed container, and the suction port of the next stage is connected to the exhaust port of the previous stage. The suction volume of each stage of the vacuum pump gradually decreases from front to back, so that the pressure of the extracted steam is gradually increased to atmospheric pressure. The high-temperature steam and / or hot water exhaust port is provided at the last stage.

2. The distributed energy supply station using vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a first-level heat and cold energy separation device, in which an ice slurry outlet is also provided on the sealed container, and a storage tank is connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the first-level heat and cold energy separation device; a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device is also included between the first-level heat and cold energy separation device and the low-temperature power generation device, called a second-level heat and cold energy separation device, including a first-level and a second-level sealed container, and the second-level sealed container is provided with at least a high-temperature water inlet and a high-temperature steam outlet, the high-temperature water inlet is connected to the storage tank connected to the high-temperature steam outlet of the first-level heat and cold energy separation device, and the high-temperature steam outlet is connected to a first-level and a second-level vacuum pump unit, and the high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet of the second-level vacuum pump unit is connected to the heating steam inlet on the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline; or, The heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a primary heat and cold energy separation device, in which an ice slurry outlet is further provided on the sealed container, and also includes a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a secondary heat and cold energy separation device, the secondary heat and cold energy separation device includes a secondary sealed container, and the secondary sealed container is provided with at least a secondary water inlet and a secondary steam outlet, the secondary water inlet is connected to the waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device through a pipeline, or is connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser; the secondary steam outlet is connected to the air intake of a secondary vacuum pump unit, and the high-temperature steam and / or hot water discharge outlet of the secondary vacuum pump unit is connected to the heating steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device connected to the primary heat and cold energy separation device through a pipeline, and / or is connected to the high-temperature steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator in another low-temperature power generation device; or, The heat and cold energy separation device is a low-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a primary heat and cold energy separation device, and also includes a high-temperature heat and cold energy separation device, called a secondary heat and cold energy separation device. The secondary heat and cold energy separation device includes a secondary sealed container, which is provided with at least one secondary water inlet and one secondary steam outlet. In addition, it also includes a wall heat exchanger, which is provided with a heating agent flow channel and a water flow channel. The high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit in the primary heat and cold energy separation device is connected to the inlet of the heating agent flow channel of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the water inlet on the secondary sealed container in the secondary heat and cold energy separation device is connected to the outlet of the water flow channel of the heat exchanger through a pipeline, and the high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit in the secondary heat and cold energy separation device is connected to the high-temperature steam inlet of the power generation medium evaporator on the low-temperature power generation device.

3. The distributed energy supply station using vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water inlet of the sealed container is connected to one end of a pipe, and the other end of the pipe is connected to at least one of the following devices: a cooling water outlet for the power generation medium condenser; a waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator; A branch pipe opening on the high-temperature steam discharge pipeline of the vacuum pump unit.

4. The distributed energy supply station using vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A preheater is provided on the pipeline of the water inlet of the sealed container in the cold and heat energy separation device so that the water entering the sealed container is preheated.

5. The distributed energy supply station using vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preheater is a partition-type heat exchange device. The preheating medium is derived from the power generation medium of the low-temperature power generation device: the power generation medium outlet of the low-temperature generator in the low-temperature power generation device is connected to one end of a branch pipe, the other end of which is connected to the heating medium inlet of the preheater provided at the water inlet of the sealed container, for partition heating of water entering the sealed container; the heating medium outlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a power generation medium return pipe, the other end of which is connected to the power generation medium inlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device, or to the power generation medium storage tank, thereby using the heat of the power generation medium to raise the temperature of the water entering the sealed container; and / or, The preheating medium is derived from the steam discharged from the vacuum pump unit connected to the sealed container: the heating medium inlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a branch pipe, the other end of the branch pipe is connected to a branch port on the pipe connected to the high-temperature steam and / or hot water outlet of the vacuum pump unit; and / or, The preheating medium is derived from cooling water used to cool the power generation medium in the low-temperature power generation device: the heating medium inlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a branch pipe, the other end of which is connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser in the low-temperature power generation device; and / or, The preheating medium comes from the waste steam discharged after heating the power generation medium in the low-temperature power generation device: the heating medium inlet of the preheater is connected to one end of a branch pipe, and the other end of the branch pipe is connected to the waste steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator in the low-temperature power generation device.

6. The distributed energy supply station using vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heater is a heating coil, and both ends of the heating coil extend out of the sealed container in a sealed manner to connect to a heating medium supply device; and / or, The water spraying device has a water spraying port arranged in a horizontal direction or in a downwardly inclined direction; and / or, The water spout is connected to at least one of the following devices: Connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser; connected to the exhaust steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator; and / or, In the multi-stage vacuum pump, the first-stage vacuum pump and the second-stage vacuum pump are Roots vacuum pumps, and the last-stage vacuum pump is a screw vacuum pump.

7. The distributed energy supply station using vacuum sublimation evaporation cold and heat energy separation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heating coil is connected to the steam outlet of the vacuum pump unit; and / or, The heating coil is connected to the cooling water outlet of the power generation medium condenser; and / or, The heating coil is connected to the exhaust steam outlet of the power generation medium evaporator; and / or, The heating coil is connected to the exhaust steam outlet of the low-temperature generator.

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