Integrated High-Speed Lightning Absolute Electric Field Change Measurement Field Mill Type Ground Electric Field Meter and Method

Abstract

The present invention provides an integrated high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement field mill type ground electric field instrument and method. The electric field instrument includes: a shielding rotor, an electric field induction device, and a signal processing device. The electric field induction device is equipped with two groups of electric field induction electrodes: a first induction electrode and a second induction electrode. The signal processing device includes: a first preprocessing unit for receiving the charge induced by the first induction electrode and performing processing such as integration and amplification; a second preprocessing unit for receiving the charge induced by the second induction electrode and performing processing such as integration and amplification; a differential amplification unit for differentially amplifying the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit; and a summation amplification unit for summing and amplifying the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit. This electric field instrument can obtain the background electric field value and obtain the absolute value of the lightning electric field change; at the same time, it can obtain a sampling rate of up to 1 MHz, which has quite high scientific research value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental electric field measurement equipment, and particularly relates to an integrated field mill type ground electric field meter and method for measuring the absolute electric field change of high-speed lightning. Background Art

[0002] The conditions for lightning generation are that positive and negative charges in a thunderstorm cloud accumulate at different heights respectively, thus forming layered charge regions with different polarities. Therefore, when a thunderstorm cloud approaches or lightning discharges occur, the electrostatic field on the ground will change violently, and the characteristic time scale of the change can range from microseconds to seconds. The early warning of thunderstorm weather can largely rely on the real-time monitoring of the ground atmospheric electric field. Under clear and cloudless conditions, the average electric field (direction is downward) measured at a height of about 1 meter above the ground is about 100 V / m; when the electric field measured at the same position is above 2 kV / m, it indicates that a thunderstorm cloud has formed near the location; when the ground electric field continuously increases to above 5 kV / m, it indicates that the probability of lightning occurring nearby is above 90%. Therefore, by detecting the change of the near-ground electric field, the electrification change of the regional thunderstorm cloud can be monitored in real time, and the change of the atmospheric electric field that may cause lightning danger can be identified and warned.

[0003] Existing spatial electric field measurement equipment is mainly divided into two types: (1) field mill type electric field meters; (2) electric field meters using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The two measurement technologies have similar measurement ranges; the former relies on a motor to convert the quasi-DC electric field signal into an AC signal through the periodic shielding of the induction electrode plate by the grounded shielding plate, and the environmental electric field signal is restored through a signal processing circuit at the backend. The latter uses a microelectromechanical system and adopts a highly sensitive and low-power MEMS electric field sensor sensitive chip technology, which is fabricated on a silicon substrate based on an advanced semiconductor processing technology and adopts a highly reliable hermetic packaging technology. Compared with the field mill type electric field meter, the MEMS electric field meter has the advantages of high reliability, no exposed movable mechanical parts, and can be used in flammable and explosive places.

[0004] The sampling rate of the field mill-type electric field meter is limited by its mechanical design. The sampling rate is lower than the rotational speed of the electric rotor, and generally does not exceed 100 times per second at most. Therefore, it cannot be used to accurately identify the number of return strokes in a single lightning process, which greatly limits its scientific applications, such as the value it can play in lightning physics. The MEMS electric field meter has the lowest sampling time resolution and generally provides only one sampling point per second. In summary, neither the field mill-type electric field meter nor the MEMS electric field meter can provide sufficient time resolution to distinguish the number of return strokes in a single lightning process and identify fine lightning discharge processes such as leaders, continuous currents, and M-processes. They are generally used for thunderstorm warnings in meteorology, aerospace, and public service departments and are rarely used in scientific research work. In some special cases, meteorological departments also need more detailed information, but the existing electric field meters cannot meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a field mill-type ground electric field meter integrated with high-speed lightning electric field change measurement, which can improve the sampling rate of the electric field meter.

[0006] To achieve the above objective, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A field mill-type ground electric field meter integrated with high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement, comprising: a shielding rotor, an electric field induction device, and a signal processing device. The shielding rotor is connected to the electric field induction device, and the electric field induction device is connected to the signal processing device;

[0008] Among them, the electric field induction device is equipped with two groups of electric field induction electrodes, namely a first induction electrode and a second induction electrode. The signal processing device includes:

[0009] A first preprocessing unit for receiving the charge induced by the first induction electrode and performing integration amplification and high-pass filtering processing;

[0010] A second preprocessing unit for receiving the charge induced by the second induction electrode and performing integration amplification and high-pass filtering processing;

[0011] A differential amplification unit connected to the first preprocessing unit and connected to the second preprocessing unit for differentially amplifying the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit;

[0012] An addition amplification unit connected to the first preprocessing unit and connected to the second preprocessing unit for adding and amplifying the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit.

[0013] Further, the first preprocessing unit includes: a first integration circuit connected to the first induction electrode, a first voltage signal amplifier connected to the first integration circuit, and a first high-pass filter connected to the first voltage signal amplifier;

[0014] The second preprocessing unit includes: a second integration circuit connected to the second induction electrode, a second voltage signal amplifier connected to the second integration circuit, and a second high-pass filter connected to the second voltage signal amplifier.

[0015] Further, the differential amplification unit includes: a differential amplifier connected to the first high-pass filter and also to the second high-pass filter, an anti-inverter connected to the differential amplifier, and a second low-pass filter connected to the anti-inverter;

[0016] The summing amplifier includes: a summing amplifier connected to the first high-pass filter and also to the second high-pass filter; a first low-pass filter connected to the summing amplifier.

[0017] Further, it further includes a signal transceiver device, and the signal transceiver device includes:

[0018] GPS, which is used to determine the position of the electric field meter and provide accurate timing information for the electric field measurement result;

[0019] A high-speed acquisition board, connected to the output end of the GPS and also to the output end of the first low-pass filter, which is used to receive the signal filtered by the first low-pass filter and the position signal sent by the GPS, process them, and then send them;

[0020] A buffer, connected to the second low-pass filter, which is used to coordinate and buffer the signal sent by the second low-pass filter;

[0021] ARM, connected to the buffer, the first low-pass filter, and the GPS, which is used to process the signal sent by the first low-pass filter, the signal sent by the buffer, and the signal sent by the GPS.

[0022] Further, it further includes a reference signal generator for providing a reference signal, and the output end of the reference signal generator is connected to the input end of the anti-inverter.

[0023] In view of this, the second object of the present invention is to provide an integrated high-speed lightning electric field change measurement method, which can increase the sampling rate of the electric field.

[0024] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0025] An integrated high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement method includes the following steps:

[0026] (1) Receive the charges induced by the first electric field induction electrode and the second electric field induction electrode respectively, perform integration amplification, high-pass filtering processing, and send them;

[0027] (2) Perform differential amplification processing on the two processed signals in step (1) to obtain a differential signal;

[0028] (3) At the same time, perform summation amplification processing on the two processed signals in step (1) to obtain a summation signal;

[0029] (4) Receive the environmental signal of the charge induced at this time, and send it to the ARM register together with the differential signal and the summation signal; the environmental signal includes time and position;

[0030] (5) The high-speed acquisition board receives the summation signal and the environmental signal for processing and sending. Further, step (1) specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] Receive the charge induced by the first electric field induction electrode, and obtain a first preprocessed signal through a first integration circuit, a first voltage amplifier, and a first high-pass filter;

[0032] Receive the charge induced by the second electric field induction electrode, and obtain a second preprocessed signal through a second integration circuit, a second voltage amplifier, and a second high-pass filter.

[0033] Further, the differential signal is obtained through the following steps:

[0034] The differential amplifier receives the first preprocessed signal and the second preprocessed signal for differential amplification and then enters the anti-commutator;

[0035] The anti-commutator is simultaneously powered by the reference signal provided by the reference signal generator, and sends the differentially amplified signal to the second low-pass filter to obtain a differential signal. Further, the summation signal is obtained through the following steps:

[0036] The summation amplifier receives the first preprocessed signal and the second preprocessed signal and performs summation amplification, and then is selected by the first low-pass filter to obtain a summation signal.

[0037] Further, the environmental signal is obtained through GPS.

[0038] Beneficial effects

[0039] The present invention provides an integrated high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement method and a field mill type ground electric field instrument. In this electric field instrument, the signals of two groups of electric field induction electrodes are combined and then subjected to differential amplification and summation processing respectively. The differential amplification unit converts the DC variable of the background electric field into an AC variable, and the change amplitude is proportional to the intensity of the background electric field, providing an initial value for the slow electric field signal. The summation processing analogizes the two groups of electric field induction electrodes to the induction metal panels in the fast and slow electric field measurements, providing the processing signals for realizing the functions of the fast and slow electric fields. The background value of the environmental background electric field is provided by the differential amplification unit, and then the measurement processing signals of the fast and slow electric fields are provided by the summation amplification unit. The lightning electric field change is obtained from the measurement results of the fast and slow electric fields. By expressing the lightning change as the value relative to the environmental electric field (the absolute value of the lightning electric field change) and considering the decay effect of the attenuation circuit, an absolute electric field change curve with high time resolution can be obtained, thereby achieving a sampling rate as high as 1 MHz, which has quite high scientific research value. On the other hand, the present invention integrates the function of providing the background value of the environmental background electric field and realizing the measurement of fast and slow electric fields in one electric field instrument, reducing the number and cost of equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0041] Figure 1 FIG. is an integrated structure schematic diagram of a field mill type ground electric field instrument for integrated high-speed lightning electric field change measurement according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 FIG. is an intermediate signal waveform diagram of an integrated high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement method according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0043] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The embodiments are provided to better illustrate the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Therefore, those skilled in the art can make non-essential improvements and adjustments to the implementation according to the above invention content, which still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] Reference Figure 1 , which is a schematic diagram of the integrated structure of a field mill type ground electric field meter for measuring the absolute electric field change of high-speed lightning in this embodiment. Specifically, a field mill type ground electric field meter for measuring the electric field change of high-speed lightning includes: a shielding rotor, an electric field induction device, a signal processing device, and a signal transceiver device. The shielding rotor is connected to the electric field induction device, the signal processing device is connected to the electric field induction device, and is also connected to the signal transceiver device;

[0047] In this embodiment, one end of the shielding rotor is grounded, and the electric field induction device is equipped with two groups of electric field induction electrodes, namely the first induction electrode and the second induction electrode;

[0048] The signal processing device includes: a first preprocessing unit, a second preprocessing unit, a differential amplification unit, and a summing amplification unit.

[0049] The first preprocessing unit is connected to the first induction electrode and is used to receive the charge induced by the first induction electrode and perform integration amplification and high-pass filtering processing; the first preprocessing unit includes: a first integration circuit connected to the first induction electrode, a first voltage signal amplifier connected to the first integration circuit, and a first high-pass filter connected to the first voltage signal amplifier.

[0050] The second preprocessing unit is used to receive the charge induced by the second induction electrode and perform integration amplification and high-pass filtering processing; specifically, the second preprocessing unit includes: a second integration circuit connected to the second induction electrode, a second voltage signal amplifier connected to the second integration circuit, and a second high-pass filter connected to the second voltage signal amplifier.

[0051] The differential amplification unit is connected to the first preprocessing unit and is also connected to the second preprocessing unit, and is used to perform differential amplification processing on the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit; the differential amplification unit includes: a differential amplifier connected to the first high-pass filter and also connected to the second high-pass filter, an anti-inverter connected to the differential amplifier, and a second low-pass filter connected to the anti-inverter.

[0052] An addition and amplification unit, connected to the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit, for adding and amplifying the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit; the addition amplifier includes: an addition amplifier connected to the first high-pass filter and the second high-pass filter; a first low-pass filter connected to the addition amplifier.

[0053] Further, the signal transceiver device includes:

[0054] A GPS, used to determine the position of the electric field meter and provide accurate time synchronization information for the electric field measurement results. In this embodiment, the GPS measurement time accuracy can reach the microsecond level;

[0055] Preferably, the GPS in this embodiment uses a U-BLOX NEO-6M GPS.

[0056] A high-speed acquisition board, connected to the output end of the GPS and the output end of the first low-pass filter, for receiving the signals filtered by the first low-pass filter and the position signals and time synchronization information sent by the GPS, processing them, and then sending them;

[0057] A buffer, connected to the second low-pass filter, for coordinating and buffering the signals sent by the second low-pass filter;

[0058] An ARM, connected to the buffer, the first low-pass filter, and the GPS, for processing the signals sent by the first low-pass filter, the buffer, and the GPS. In this embodiment, the ARM can be a TS-7200 ARM, etc.

[0059] Preferably, an integrated field mill type ground electric field meter for measuring high-speed lightning electric field changes in this embodiment further includes a reference signal generator for providing a reference signal to the anti-commutator.

[0060] The electric field meter in this embodiment provides a processing signal through the addition and amplification unit to realize the fast and slow electric field functions, so as to obtain an electric field waveform with a higher time resolution.

[0061] The present invention provides an integrated field mill type ground electric field meter for measuring high-speed lightning absolute electric field change. In this electric field meter, by combining the signals of two groups of electric field induction electrodes and then performing differential amplification and summation processing respectively, the differential amplification unit converts the DC variable of the background electric field into an AC variable, which can provide the background value of the environmental background electric field. At the same time, its change amplitude is proportional to the intensity of the background electric field, and it can provide an initial value for the slow electric field signal; the summation amplification unit analogizes the induction metal panels in the measurement of fast and slow electric fields (the fast electric field function mainly captures sub-millisecond electric field changes caused by lightning, such as lightning return strokes and K processes, etc., while the slow electric field function mainly captures millisecond to sub-second electric field changes caused by lightning, such as continuous current and M processes, etc.), and provides a processing signal for realizing the functions of fast and slow electric fields. The lightning electric field changes measured by the fast and slow electric fields are regarded as values relative to the environmental background electric field. Considering the decay of the attenuation circuit, an absolute electric field change curve with high time resolution can be obtained; moreover, the two channels of the summation amplification unit and the differential amplification unit are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other, so that the measurement error rate caused by channel mutual interference will not occur.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] Based on the field mill type ground electric field meter for measuring integrated high-speed lightning absolute electric field change in Embodiment 1, referring to Figure 1 the arrow directions in, this embodiment discloses an integrated high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement method, which includes the following steps:

[0064] S100: Receive the charges induced by the first electric field induction electrode and the second electric field induction electrode respectively, perform integral amplification, high-pass filtering processing and send them; then execute step S200;

[0065] In this embodiment, when it is necessary to measure the absolute value electric field in a high-speed lightning environment, first, the first electric field induction electrode and the second electric field induction electrode respectively induce the charges at this time. Then, the first integration circuit receives the charges induced by the first electric field induction electrode, and the second integration circuit receives the charges induced by the second electric field induction electrode, and each performs integral compensation; then, the charges processed by the first integration circuit are sequentially input to the first voltage amplifier and the first high-pass filter for voltage amplification and filtering to obtain a first preprocessing signal, and the charges processed by the second integration circuit are sequentially input to the second voltage amplifier and the second high-pass filter for voltage amplification and filtering to obtain a second preprocessing signal.

[0066] S200: Perform summation amplification processing on the two signals in step S100 to obtain a summation signal; then execute step S300;

[0067] In this embodiment, the differential amplifier receives the first preprocessed signal and the second preprocessed signal in step S100, then differentially amplifies the two signals and inputs them into the anti-swapper. At the same time, the anti-swapper receives the reference signal supplied by the reference signal generator, and sends the differentially amplified signal to the second low-pass filter to select the low-frequency signal to obtain the differential signal;

[0068] S300: Differentially amplify the two signals processed in step S100 to obtain a differential signal; then execute step S400;

[0069] In this embodiment, the summing amplifier receives the first preprocessed signal and the second preprocessed signal in step S100, then sums and amplifies the two signals and inputs them into the first low-pass filter to filter out the high-frequency signal and select the low-frequency signal to obtain the sum signal;

[0070] It should be noted that step S300 and step S200 in this embodiment are carried out at the same time and there is no sequence.

[0071] S400: The high-speed acquisition board receives the sum signal and the environmental signal for processing and sending; then execute step S500;

[0072] In this embodiment, when steps S200 and S300 are carried out, a GPS determines the current environmental signal. The environmental information includes the current time and the location of the induced charge, and then sends the environmental information to the high-speed acquisition board. At the same time, the sum signal in step S300 is also sent to the high-speed acquisition board. The high-speed acquisition board then sends all the information to the user / researcher terminal, and the terminal obtains the absolute electric field at a certain location and time and stores the message.

[0073] S500: Receive the environmental signal of the charge sensed at this time, and send it to the ARM register together with the differential signal and the sum signal.

[0074] In this embodiment, the environmental signal in step S400, the differential signal and the sum signal obtained at the corresponding moment are input into the ARM for storage, which is convenient for viewing historical data later;

[0075] Preferably, the differential signal in this embodiment is also anti-interfered and denoised through a buffer and then enters the ARM for storage. The ARM in this embodiment can be a TS-7200 ARM.

[0076] Figure 2The waveform diagram of the signal generated during the process of measuring the electric field change at a specific time and location by using the method in this embodiment. Here, VA and VB respectively represent the induced output voltages on two groups of electrodes during the operation of the electric field meter of the present invention (with a 180° phase difference); VSum represents the sum signal of the output voltages of the two groups of electrodes; VDiff represents the differential signal of the output voltages of the two groups of electrodes; VC represents the signal generated by the anti-commutator; VD represents the signal after being converted by the anti-commutator; VO represents the finally generated ambient electrostatic field signal.

[0077] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope protected by the claims. All of these are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field mill type ground electric field meter integrating high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement, characterized in that, Comprising: A shielding rotor, an electric field induction device, and a signal processing device. The shielding rotor is connected to the electric field induction device, and the electric field induction device is connected to the signal processing device; wherein, The electric field induction device is equipped with two groups of electric field induction electrodes, namely a first induction electrode and a second induction electrode; The signal processing device includes: A first preprocessing unit for receiving the charge induced by the first induction electrode and performing integration amplification and high-pass filtering processing; A second preprocessing unit for receiving the charge induced by the second induction electrode and performing integration amplification and high-pass filtering processing; A differential amplification unit connected to the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit, for differentially amplifying the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit; An addition amplification unit connected to the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit, for adding and amplifying the signals processed by the first preprocessing unit and the second preprocessing unit; The first preprocessing unit includes: a first integration circuit connected to the first induction electrode, a first voltage signal amplifier connected to the first integration circuit, and a first high-pass filter connected to the first voltage signal amplifier; The second preprocessing unit includes: a second integration circuit connected to the second induction electrode, a second voltage signal amplifier connected to the second integration circuit, and a second high-pass filter connected to the second voltage signal amplifier; The differential amplification unit includes: a differential amplifier connected to the first high-pass filter and the second high-pass filter, an anti-inverter connected to the differential amplifier, and a second low-pass filter connected to the anti-inverter; The addition amplification unit includes: an addition amplifier connected to the first high-pass filter and the second high-pass filter; a first low-pass filter connected to the addition amplifier; It further includes a signal transceiver device, and the signal transceiver device includes: A GPS for determining the position of the electric field instrument and providing accurate timing for measuring the electrical signal; A high-speed acquisition board connected to the output end of the GPS and the output end of the first low-pass filter, for receiving the signal filtered by the first low-pass filter and the position signal sent by the GPS, processing them, and then sending them; A buffer connected to the second low-pass filter, for coordinating and buffering the signal sent by the second low-pass filter; An ARM connected to the buffer, the first low-pass filter, and the GPS, for processing the signals sent by the first low-pass filter, the buffer, and the GPS.

2. The electric field meter according to claim 1, wherein It further includes a reference signal generator for providing a reference signal, and the output end of the reference signal generator is connected to the input end of the anti-inverter.

3. An integrated high-speed lightning absolute electric field change measurement method, based on the electric field meter described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Including the following steps: (1) Receiving the charges induced by the first electric field induction electrode and the second electric field induction electrode respectively, performing integration amplification and high-pass filtering processing, and sending them; (2) Differentially amplifying the two signals processed in step (1) to obtain a differential signal; (3) At the same time, perform summation and amplification processing on the two signals processed in step (1) to obtain a summation signal; (4) Receive the environmental signal of the charge sensed at this time, and send it to the ARM register together with the differential signal and the summation signal; the environmental signal includes time and position; (5) The high-speed acquisition board receives the summation signal and the environmental signal for processing and sending.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein Step (1) specifically includes the following steps: Receive the charge sensed by the first electric field induction electrode, and obtain a first preprocessed signal through a first integration circuit, a first voltage amplifier, and a first high-pass filter; Receive the charge sensed by the second electric field induction electrode, and obtain a second preprocessed signal through a second integration circuit, a second voltage amplifier, and a second high-pass filter.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The differential signal is obtained through the following steps: The differential amplifier receives the first preprocessed signal and the second preprocessed signal for differential amplification and then enters the anti-inverter; The anti-inverter is simultaneously powered by the reference signal provided by the reference signal generator, and sends the differentially amplified signal to the second low-pass filter to obtain a differential signal.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The summation signal is obtained through the following steps: The summation amplifier receives the first preprocessed signal and the second preprocessed signal and performs summation and amplification, and then is selected by the first low-pass filter to obtain a summation signal.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The environmental signal is obtained through GPS.

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