An ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration
By designing ecological cofferdams, using hydrophilic materials such as gabion cages, soil layers and ecological layers, the shortcomings of existing wetland cofferdams in ecological functions and water level regulation have been solved, and the ecological restoration of wetlands and pollutant purification have been achieved, and the ecological restoration of wetlands and pollutant purification have been enhanced. The connectivity and hydraulic circulation of wetlands.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202010994003.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-09-21
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2040-09-21
AI Technical Summary
The existing wetland cofferdams have shortcomings in ecological functions and water level regulation, resulting in the insignificant effect of wetland ecological restoration, and may cause secondary pollution and wetland fragmentation.
An ecological cofferdam was designed, including a structure composed of gabion cages, soil layers, waterproof blankets and ecological layers. It uses hydrophilic materials such as stone, herbs and drainage pipes to enhance the ability of hydraulic retention and pollutant purification, and has "Sponge" function, regulates wetland water level and prevents flood erosion.
It significantly improves the ecological function and water quality purification capacity of wetlands, enhances the connectivity and hydraulic circulation process of wetlands, reduces secondary pollution of pollutants, and effectively protects the wetland habitat.
Smart Images
Figure CN111962461B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration. Background Art
[0002] Wetlands are transitional areas where the interfaces of water and land extend interactively, and are natural bodies in transitional forms between water and land. Wetlands are located in the interlaced area between land systems and water systems, and are also ecologically fragile areas. Northeast my country is located in a cold climate zone. In mountainous areas where rivers flow into reservoirs, many flooded wetlands are often formed or artificial reservoir wetlands are built due to the flat terrain. In recent years, due to the increased intensity of human use of rivers, the degree of drainage or destruction of river wetlands has become increasingly serious, the wetland area has sharply decreased, and the ecological service function has gradually been lost. Specifically, the wetland water level has dropped, the flood storage capacity has weakened, and the wetland's ability to purify water quality has decreased. Therefore, we continue to develop and integrate relevant technologies and control measures to solve the problems in the process of wetland ecological restoration in the mountain river reservoir area in Northeast China, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of "green water and green mountains".
[0003] The water level of wetlands is one of the key factors affecting the ecological restoration of wetlands. The wetlands in the estuary area are also the last line of defense for non-point source pollutants entering the reservoir. The ecological function of this area is greatly affected by the rise and fall of the water level of the reservoir and the river. Therefore, building ecological cofferdams at suitable locations in the wetlands entering the reservoir can not only regulate the water level of the wetlands, but also improve the water purification capacity of the wetlands. Most of the existing cofferdams are made of reinforced concrete as the frame, and filled with sand, gravel and soil. A large number of reinforced concrete projects are prohibited in the existing wetland water source protection areas of the inlet rivers. In addition, the application of these cofferdams in this area has the following problems: (1) The ecological function is not significant. It relies solely on physical effects, and its ability to remove non-point source pollutants is limited, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution; (2) In the process of water level regulation, the absorption and penetration of water is not significant, and it lacks the necessary "sponge" function; (3) The increase in impermeable surfaces increases the degree of wetland fragmentation, which is easy to cause patch splitting. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and achieve the purpose of wetland ecological restoration by regulating the wetland habitat.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme: The present invention provides an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration, comprising: a cofferdam main body, the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer arranged from bottom to top, the side of the cofferdam bottom layer close to the river channel is provided with gabion boxes, soil layers, waterproof blankets and soil base layers in sequence from outside to inside, and the gabion boxes are filled with stones; the side of the cofferdam top layer close to the wetland is provided with an ecological layer, a graded gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile layer and a soil base layer in sequence from outside to inside.
[0006] Preferably, the ecological layer includes an ecological bag, a drainage pipe and plants. A plurality of the ecological bags are provided, and the plurality of ecological bags are arranged in gaps. The drainage pipe is arranged in the gaps between the ecological bags. The first end of the drainage pipe extends into the graded gravel layer, and the second end extends out of the gap between the ecological bags. The second end of the drainage pipe is provided with a geotextile wrapper; the ecological bag is filled with herbaceous plant seeds.
[0007] Preferably, the slope of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5, and the slope of the top layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5 or 1:1.
[0008] Preferably, the size of the stone in the gabion box is larger than the size of the mesh of the gabion box, and the thickness of the gabion box is 500mm; the thickness of the soil layer is 500mm; the waterproof blanket is a natural sodium-based bentonite waterproof blanket, and the waterproof blanket is laid with 1 meter of space every 10 meters in the horizontal direction; the soil base layer of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is made of compacted clay, and the virtual thickness of each layer of the clay is 1300mm, and the compaction degree is greater than or equal to 0.93.
[0009] Preferably, the thickness of the graded gravel layer is 500 mm, and the mass of the non-woven geotextile layer is 100 g / m 2 The soil foundation layer of the top layer of the cofferdam is made of compacted clay soil, the virtual thickness of each layer of the clay soil is 1300 mm, and the degree of compaction is greater than or equal to 0.93.
[0010] Preferably, the top layer of the cofferdam is formed by piling up a soil base layer, the top of the top layer of the cofferdam is 6-8 meters wide, and plants are planted on the top of the top layer of the cofferdam.
[0011] Preferably, shrubs are planted on the slope of the top layer of the cofferdam on one side close to the river channel, and the shrubs are planted in several rows horizontally along the cofferdam body, the row spacing between adjacent rows of the shrubs is 3 meters, and the plant spacing between each row of the shrubs is 1 meter.
[0012] Preferably, herbaceous plants are planted between adjacent shrubs, and the herbaceous plants are planted using seeds, and the planting density of the seeds is 10-20 g / m 2Or the herbaceous plants are planted with seedlings, and the planting density of the seedlings is 15-40 plants / m 2 ;
[0013] Preferably, the ratio of the planting area of the shrubs to the planting area of the herbaceous plants is 3:7.
[0014] Preferably, the shrub is Salix matsudana, Salix lilacinus, Acer truncatum, Salix matsudana, Euonymus japonicus and / or Sambucus sambucus;
[0015] The herbaceous plants are of the genus Ranunculaceae, the genus Eupatorium, the genus Polygonum multiflorum, the genus Lythrum saussurea and / or the genus Artemisia capillaris.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:
[0017] (1) Ecological cofferdams can be built with local materials such as natural soil and eco-bags, which are hydrophilic materials. There is no secondary pollution and the ecological function is significant. The cofferdam increases the hydraulic retention time and accelerates the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen nitrification and denitrification through plant absorption and metabolism, thus enhancing the pollutant purification capacity.
[0018] (2) The main body of the ecological cofferdam is compacted soil, which has a strong ability to absorb and penetrate water and has a certain "sponge" function. When the wetland water level is lower than the flood control limit water level and the normal water level, the ecological cofferdam can slow down the seepage of wetland water to the river side through the bottom layer of natural sodium-based bentonite waterproof blanket, and enhance the seepage to the wetland side, thereby maintaining the wetland water level and protecting the wetland habitat. When the wetland water level is higher than the normal water level, the ecological cofferdam can quickly seep out through the drainage pipe and the top soil layer to prevent flood erosion and flood disasters.
[0019] (3) The use of hydrophilic materials in its construction maintains the exchange of energy and material flows in the original wetland ecosystem, thus enhancing the connectivity of the wetland compared to the original technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom layer of the cofferdam of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the top layer of the cofferdam of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 3It is a structural schematic diagram of the drainage pipe of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front elevation of the eco-bag of the present invention;
[0025] Among them, 1 is the riprap foot guard, 2 is the gabion box, 3 is the waterproof blanket, 4 is the soil layer, 5 is the soil base layer, 6 is the ecological bag, 7 is the connecting buckle, 8 is the drainage pipe, 9 is the graded gravel layer, 10 is the non-woven geotextile layer, and 11 is the geotextile headband. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0028] like Figure 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides an ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration, including: a cofferdam body, the cofferdam body includes a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer arranged from bottom to top, wherein the cofferdam bottom layer is a semi-permeable layer and the top layer is a permeable layer; construction position: the cofferdam body is constructed along the flood control limit water level contour line; the height of the cofferdam bottom layer: the normal water level height; the height of the cofferdam top layer: the historical highest water level height.
[0029] In this embodiment, the slope of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5, and the side of the bottom layer of the cofferdam close to the river (reservoir) is sequentially arranged with gabion boxes 2, soil layers 4, waterproof blankets 3 and soil base layers 5 from outside to inside; wherein, the thickness of the gabion boxes 2 is 500mm, and the gabion boxes 2 are filled with stones, the size of the stones in the gabion boxes 2 is larger than the size of the mesh of the gabion boxes 2, and the preferred size of the filled stones is 1.5-2 times the size of the mesh; the thickness of the soil layer 4 is 500mm; the waterproof blanket 3 is a natural sodium-based bentonite waterproof blanket 3, and the waterproof blanket 3 is laid with 1 meter of space every 10 meters in the horizontal direction; the soil base layer 5 of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is made of compacted clay, and the virtual thickness of each layer of clay is 1300mm, and the compaction degree is greater than or equal to 0.93.
[0030] In this embodiment, the slope of the top layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5 or 1:1; the top layer of the cofferdam is provided with an ecological layer, a graded gravel layer 9, a non-woven geotextile layer 10 and a soil base layer 5 from the outside to the inside on the side close to the wetland; wherein the ecological layer includes an ecological bag 6, a drainage pipe 8 and plants, a plurality of ecological bags 6 are provided, and a plurality of ecological bags 6 are provided with gaps, and the drainage pipe 8 is provided in the gaps between the ecological bags 6, specifically, a drainage pipe 8 can be placed between every 5 ecological bags 6, Or the number of discharge pipes can be adjusted as needed; the first end of the drainage pipe 8 extends into the graded gravel layer 9, and the second end extends out of the gap between the eco-bags 6. The second end of the drainage pipe 8 is provided with a geotextile head 11 to prevent mud or falling objects from clogging the inside of the drainage pipe 8; the eco-bag 6 is filled with herbaceous plant seeds (Ranunculus, Sedge, Water Ligustrum, Polygonum aviculare, Lythrum salicaria and / or Artemisia capillaris, etc.); the thickness of the graded gravel layer 9 is 500 mm, and the mass of the non-woven geotextile layer 10 is 100 g / m 2 The soil foundation layer 5 at the top of the cofferdam is made of compacted clay soil, the virtual thickness of each layer of clay soil is 1300 mm, and the compaction degree is greater than or equal to 0.93.
[0031] In this embodiment, the top layer of the cofferdam is formed by piling up a soil base layer 5 , the top of the top layer of the cofferdam is 6-8 meters wide, and plants are planted on the top of the top layer of the cofferdam, wherein the plants can be local native plants.
[0032] In this embodiment, shrubs are planted on the slope of the top layer of the cofferdam close to the river channel as a frame. The shrubs are planted in several rows horizontally along the cofferdam body. The row spacing between adjacent rows of shrubs is 3 meters, and the plant spacing between each row of shrubs is 1 meter.
[0033] In this embodiment, herbaceous plants are planted between adjacent shrubs. The herbaceous plants are planted using seeds, and the planting density of the seeds is 10-20 g / m 2 Or herbaceous plants are planted with seedlings, with a planting density of 15-40 plants / m 2 ;
[0034] In this embodiment, the ratio of the planting area of shrubs to that of herbaceous plants is 3:7.
[0035] In this embodiment, the shrubs are plants such as Artemisia selengensis, Salix matsudana, Pearlberry, Lilac, Honeysuckle, Acer truncatum, Salix matsudana, Euonymus japonicus and / or Elderberry;
[0036] The herbaceous plants are plants of the genus Ranunculaceae, the genus Eupatorium, the genus Polygonum, the genus Lythrum saussurea and / or the genus Artemisia capillaris.
[0037] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.
[0038] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
Claims
1. An ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration, characterized by: include: The cofferdam body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer arranged from bottom to top, wherein the side of the cofferdam bottom layer close to the river channel is provided with a gabion box, a soil layer, a waterproof blanket and a soil base layer in sequence from outside to inside, and the gabion box is filled with stones; the side of the cofferdam top layer close to the wetland is provided with an ecological layer, a graded gravel layer, a non-woven geotextile layer and a soil base layer in sequence from outside to inside; The ecological layer includes an ecological bag, a drainage pipe and plants. The ecological bags are provided in plurality, and the plurality of ecological bags are arranged in gaps. The drainage pipe is arranged in the gaps between the ecological bags. The first end of the drainage pipe extends into the graded gravel layer, and the second end extends out of the gaps between the ecological bags. The second end of the drainage pipe is provided with a geotextile head. The ecological bag contains herbaceous plant seeds. The slope of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5, and the slope of the top layer of the cofferdam is 1:1.5 or 1:
1.
2. The ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The size of the stone in the gabion box is larger than the size of the mesh of the gabion box, and the thickness of the gabion box is 500mm; the thickness of the soil layer is 500mm; the waterproof blanket is a natural sodium-based bentonite waterproof blanket, and the waterproof blanket is laid with 1 meter of space every 10 meters in the horizontal direction; the soil base layer of the bottom layer of the cofferdam is made of compacted clay, and the virtual thickness of each layer of the clay is 1300mm, and the compaction degree is greater than or equal to 0.
93.
3. The ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The thickness of the graded gravel layer is 500 mm, and the mass of the non-woven geotextile layer is 100 g / m 2 The soil foundation layer of the top layer of the cofferdam is made of compacted clay soil, the virtual thickness of each layer of the clay soil is 1300 mm, and the degree of compaction is greater than or equal to 0.
93.
4. The ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The top layer of the cofferdam is formed by piling up a soil base layer, the top of the top layer of the cofferdam is 6-8 meters wide, and plants are planted on the top of the top layer of the cofferdam.
5. The ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration according to claim 4 is characterized by: Shrubs are planted on the slope of the top layer of the cofferdam on one side close to the river channel. The shrubs are planted in several rows horizontally along the cofferdam body. The row spacing between adjacent rows of shrubs is 3 meters, and the plant spacing between each row of shrubs is 1 meter.
6. The ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration according to claim 5 is characterized by: Herbs are planted between adjacent shrubs. The herbs are planted using seeds. The planting density of the seeds is 10-20 g / m 2 ; or the herbaceous plants are planted with seedlings, and the planting density of the seedlings is 15-40 plants / m 2 .
7. The ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration according to claim 6 is characterized by: The ratio of the planting area of the shrubs to the planting area of the herbaceous plants is 3:
7.
8. The ecological cofferdam suitable for wetland ecological restoration according to claim 7 is characterized by: The shrubs are Artemisia selengensis, Salix matsudana, Pearl Bush, Lilac, Honeysuckle, Acer truncatum, Salix matsudana, Euonymus japonicus and / or Sambucus sambucus; The herbaceous plants are of the genus Ranunculaceae, the genus Eupatorium, the genus Polygonum multiflorum, the genus Lythrum saussurea and / or the genus Artemisia capillaris.