Foundation pit cofferdam overlaid self-balancing steel support supporting device

Abstract

The invention provides a foundation pit cofferdam stacked self-balancing steel support supporting device, which relates to the field of water conservancy projects and comprises cofferdam protection plates, cofferdam self-balancing steel, a self-balancing shield, self-balancing telescopic steel, stable angle iron, a cofferdam protection mechanism and a cofferdam assembly mechanism. The cofferdam self-balancing steel is fixedly connected to the inner end face of the cofferdam protection plate. The self-balancing shield is arranged on the inner end face of the cofferdam self-balancing steel; the self-balancing telescopic steel is connected to the outer end face of the self-balancing protective cover in a sliding mode. The stable angle iron is fixed on the self-balancing telescopic steel and the cofferdam self-balancing steel; the cofferdam protection mechanism is arranged on the cofferdam protection plate; and the cofferdam assembling mechanism is arranged in the self-balancing shield. By the adoption of the cofferdam protection mechanism, the safety of pier construction protection is improved, and by the adoption of the cofferdam assembly mechanism, workers can conveniently construct the supporting device. The problem that the follow-up normal construction of the pier is affected due to the fact that river water is prone to gushing into the protection plate is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and particularly relates to a superimposed self-balanced steel support and bracing device for a foundation pit cofferdam. Background Technique

[0002] When building a bridge in a water conservancy project, it is necessary to set up bridge piers inside the river water to support the bridge. Before setting up the bridge piers inside the river water, it is necessary to first build a foundation pit cofferdam inside the river water. The foundation pit cofferdam is built inside the river water, the river water inside the foundation pit cofferdam is drained, and then the bridge piers are built inside the foundation pit cofferdam. When building the foundation pit cofferdam, a support and bracing device is required. The support and bracing device is located outside the foundation pit cofferdam, and a self-balanced steel is used as the connection of the support and bracing device to ensure the stability of the support and bracing device.

[0003] According to CN202111427620.X, the present invention provides a bracing device for the construction of a river cofferdam that is convenient for turnover, including a main support framework. The main support member includes a support bottom plate and a receiving pipe. Two receiving pipes are vertically and fixedly arranged in an ∞ shape on the support bottom plate. A rotatable shaft is arranged in each receiving pipe, and a strip-shaped opening is respectively arranged on one side of each receiving pipe. A set of fence components is arranged in each receiving pipe. Each set of fence components includes an outer support plate, a steel wire rope, a first support rod, and a second support rod. This bracing device can be received, which is convenient for its transportation and turnover use. Further, the first support rod, the second support rod, and the outer support plate all have auxiliary fixing devices, so that a large-span design of the fence components can be realized, and the stable placement of the fence components on the ground can be ensured.

[0004] However, generally, the support and bracing device supports and protects the foundation pit cofferdam through a guard plate structure. The height of the guard plate is fixed, and the water level inside the river water fluctuates. When there is more rain, the water level inside the river water rises. When the water level inside the river water rises above the guard plate, the river water is likely to surge into the inside of the guard plate. The staff fails to detect in time that the river water surges into the inside of the guard plate, thus affecting the subsequent normal construction of the bridge pier. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a superimposed self-balanced steel support and bracing device for a foundation pit cofferdam, which has the advantages of increasing the height of the protection of the cofferdam guard plate. At the same time, when the rising slide plate rises, it drives the warning alarm to emit an alarm sound, prompting the staff that the water level has risen above the cofferdam guard plate, and performing an emergency protection operation on the bracing device, avoiding the problem that the river water surges into the inside of the cofferdam guard plate and affects the construction of the bridge pier, and improving the safety of the protection of the bridge pier construction.

[0006] The present invention provides the purpose and efficacy of a superposed self-balanced steel support and protection device for a foundation pit cofferdam, specifically including: a cofferdam protection plate, a cofferdam self-balanced steel, a self-balanced protective cover, a self-balanced telescopic steel, a stabilizing triangular iron, a bottom connecting block, a cofferdam protection mechanism, and a cofferdam assembly mechanism; four groups of cofferdam protection plates are provided, and the four groups of cofferdam protection plates form a rectangular structure; two groups of cofferdam self-balanced steels are provided, and the two groups of cofferdam self-balanced steels are respectively fixedly connected to the inner end faces of the front and rear two groups of cofferdam protection plates; three groups of self-balanced protective covers are provided, and the three groups of self-balanced protective covers are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the inner end faces of the two groups of cofferdam self-balanced steels; six groups of self-balanced telescopic steels are provided, and the six groups of self-balanced telescopic steels are respectively slidably connected to the front and rear end faces of the three groups of self-balanced protective covers, and the six groups of self-balanced telescopic steels respectively slide on the inner end faces of the two groups of cofferdam self-balanced steels; multiple groups of stabilizing triangular irons are provided, and the multiple groups of stabilizing triangular irons are respectively fixed on the self-balanced telescopic steels and the cofferdam self-balanced steels; four groups of bottom connecting blocks are provided, and the four groups of bottom connecting blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end faces of the four groups of cofferdam protection plates; four groups of cofferdam protection mechanisms are provided, and the four groups of cofferdam protection mechanisms are respectively arranged on the four groups of cofferdam protection plates; three groups of cofferdam assembly mechanisms are provided, and the three groups of cofferdam assembly mechanisms are respectively arranged inside the three groups of self-balanced protective covers.

[0007] Further, the cofferdam protection mechanism includes: a bottom insertion block and a bottom inclined surface; the bottom insertion block is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the bottom connecting block; two groups of bottom inclined surfaces are provided, and the two groups of bottom inclined surfaces are respectively opened on the outer sides of the lower end faces of the bottom insertion block, and the two groups of bottom inclined surfaces form the bottom insertion block into a V-shaped structure.

[0008] Further, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a buffer bump and a buffer inclined surface; the buffer bump is fixedly connected to the outer end face of the bottom connecting block; the buffer inclined surface is opened on the upper side of the outer end face of the buffer bump, and the buffer inclined surface forms the buffer bump into a triangular structure.

[0009] Further, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a rising connecting block, a rising sliding groove, a rising sliding block, and rising ball bearings; two groups of rising connecting blocks are provided, and the two groups of rising connecting blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the upper sides of the outer end faces of the cofferdam protection plates; two groups of rising sliding grooves are provided, and the two groups of rising sliding grooves are respectively opened inside the two groups of rising connecting blocks; two groups of rising sliding blocks are provided, and the two groups of rising sliding blocks are respectively slidably connected inside the two groups of rising sliding grooves; multiple groups of rising ball bearings are provided, and the multiple groups of rising ball bearings are respectively rotatably connected to the outer end faces of the two groups of rising sliding blocks, and the multiple groups of rising ball bearings respectively slide inside the two groups of rising sliding grooves.

[0010] Further, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a rising sliding plate and a rising float; the rising sliding plate is fixedly connected to the outer end faces of the two groups of rising sliding blocks, and the rising sliding plate slides on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam protection plate; the rising float is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the rising sliding plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a warning button block and a start button; the warning button block is fixedly connected to the middle position of the inner end face of the rising slide plate; the start button is located on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam protection plate, and the warning button block slides on the outer end face of the start button.

[0012] Furthermore, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: mounting screw holes and mounting bolts; there are a total of four groups of mounting screw holes, and the four groups of mounting screw holes are respectively opened at the four corners of the start button and the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam protection plate; there are a total of four groups of mounting bolts, and the four groups of mounting bolts are respectively threadedly connected inside the four groups of mounting screw holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a warning alarm; the warning alarm is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the cofferdam self-balancing steel, and the start button and the warning alarm are connected in series to jointly form a closed switch circuit.

[0014] Furthermore, the cofferdam assembly mechanism includes: an adjustment knob, an adjustment bevel gear, and a displacement bevel gear; the adjustment knob is rotatably connected to the middle position of the upper side inside the self-balancing cover, and the adjustment knob rotates at the middle position of the upper end face of the self-balancing cover; the adjustment bevel gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lower side of the adjustment knob; the displacement bevel gear is rotatably connected to the middle position inside the self-balancing cover, and the adjustment bevel gear and the displacement bevel gear are meshed to jointly form a bevel gear transmission mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the cofferdam assembly mechanism further includes: a displacement lead screw; the displacement lead screw is rotatably connected to the middle position inside the self-balancing cover, the middle position of the displacement lead screw is coaxially and fixedly connected to the displacement bevel gear, the thread directions on both sides of the displacement lead screw are opposite, and the displacement lead screw is threadedly connected to the inner end faces of the two groups of self-balancing telescopic steels.

[0016] Beneficial effects By adopting the cofferdam protection mechanism, the present invention enables the cofferdam protection plate to be quickly inserted into the sand inside the river water through the bottom insertion block, facilitating the rapid construction of the cofferdam protection plate by the staff. When the river water reaches the upper side of the cofferdam protection plate, the river water drives the rising slide plate to continue sliding upward, increasing the protection height of the cofferdam protection plate. At the same time, when the rising slide plate rises, it drives the warning alarm to emit an alarm sound, prompting the staff that the water level has risen to the upper side of the cofferdam protection plate and performing emergency protection operations on the support device, avoiding the problem that the river water surges into the cofferdam protection plate and affecting the pier construction, and improving the safety of protecting the pier construction.

[0017] In addition, by adopting the cofferdam assembly mechanism, when the lengths of the self-balancing shield and the self-balancing telescopic steel are not suitable, the staff can twist the adjustment knob to drive the sliding of the self-balancing telescopic steel. The sliding of the self-balancing telescopic steel adjusts the lengths of the self-balancing shield and the self-balancing telescopic steel, which is convenient for the staff to adjust according to the used length, avoiding problems such as deformation of the self-balancing steel that may lead to insufficient length of the self-balancing steel and affect the construction, and facilitating the staff to construct the support device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0019] The drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0020] In the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic top view structure diagram of the support device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic bottom view structure diagram of the support device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structure diagram of the bottom connection block according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic structure diagram of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic structure diagram of the connection and disassembly of the ascending slide plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic structure diagram of the start button being started according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic structure diagram of the warning alarm being connected according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 is a schematic structure diagram of the cofferdam assembly mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 is a schematic structure diagram of the internal transmission part of the cofferdam assembly mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1. Cofferdam guard plate; 2. Cofferdam self-balancing steel; 3. Self-balancing guard; 4. Self-balancing telescopic steel; 5. Stable triangular iron; 6. Bottom connection block; 7. Bottom insertion block; 701. Bottom inclined plane; 8. Buffer bump; 801. Buffer inclined plane; 9. Rising connection block; 901. Rising chute; 10. Rising slide plate; 1001. Rising slider; 1002. Rising ball; 11. Rising float; 12. Warning button block; 13. Start button; 14. Installation screw hole; 15. Installation bolt; 16. Warning alarm; 17. Adjusting knob; 1701. Adjusting bevel gear; 18. Displacement lead screw; 1801. Displacement bevel gear. Detailed implementation mode

[0030] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 as shown in The present invention provides a foundation pit cofferdam superposition self-balancing steel support and protection device, including a cofferdam guard plate 1, a cofferdam self-balancing steel 2, a self-balancing guard 3, a self-balancing telescopic steel 4, a stable triangular iron 5, a bottom connection block 6 and a cofferdam protection mechanism; there are four groups of cofferdam guard plates 1 in total, and the four groups of cofferdam guard plates 1 form a rectangular structure; there are two groups of cofferdam self-balancing steels 2 in total, and the two groups of cofferdam self-balancing steels 2 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner end faces of the front and rear two groups of cofferdam guard plates 1; there are three groups of self-balancing guards 3 in total, and the three groups of self-balancing guards 3 are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the inner end faces of the two groups of cofferdam self-balancing steels 2; there are six groups of self-balancing telescopic steels 4 in total, and the six groups of self-balancing telescopic steels 4 are respectively slidably connected to the front and rear end faces of the three groups of self-balancing guards 3, and the six groups of self-balancing telescopic steels 4 respectively slide on the inner end faces of the two groups of cofferdam self-balancing steels 2; there are multiple groups of stable triangular irons 5 in total, and the multiple groups of stable triangular irons 5 are respectively fixed on the self-balancing telescopic steels 4 and the cofferdam self-balancing steels 2; there are four groups of bottom connection blocks 6 in total, and the four groups of bottom connection blocks 6 are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end faces of the four groups of cofferdam guard plates 1; there are four groups of cofferdam protection mechanisms in total, and the four groups of cofferdam protection mechanisms are respectively arranged on the four groups of cofferdam guard plates 1.

[0031] Among them, the cofferdam protection mechanism includes: a bottom insertion block 7 and a bottom inclined plane 701; the bottom insertion block 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the bottom connection block 6; there are two groups of bottom inclined planes 701 in total, and the two groups of bottom inclined planes 701 are respectively opened on the outer sides of the lower end faces of the bottom insertion block 7, and the two groups of bottom inclined planes 701 form the bottom insertion block 7 into a V-shaped structure. During use, when the cofferdam guard plate 1 is inserted into the river water, it drives the bottom insertion block 7 to move, and the movement of the bottom insertion block 7 drives the bottom inclined plane 701 to move, and the bottom inclined plane 701 facilitates the bottom insertion block 7 to be inserted into the sand of the river water.

[0032] Among them, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a buffer bump 8 and a buffer inclined surface 801; the buffer bump 8 is fixedly connected to the outer end surface of the bottom connecting block 6; the buffer inclined surface 801 is opened on the upper side of the outer end surface of the buffer bump 8, and the buffer inclined surface 801 forms the buffer bump 8 into a triangular structure. During use, when the bottom insertion block 7 inserts the cofferdam guard plate 1 into the sandy soil of the water, when the river water impacts the buffer bump 8, the buffer inclined surface 801 gives a buffering effect to the river water, reducing the impact force of the river water on the cofferdam.

[0033] Among them, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a rising connecting block 9, a rising sliding groove 901, a rising slider 1001, and rising balls 1002; there are two groups of rising connecting blocks 9, and the two groups of rising connecting blocks 9 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper sides of the outer end surfaces of the cofferdam guard plates 1; there are two groups of rising sliding grooves 901, and the two groups of rising sliding grooves 901 are respectively opened inside the two groups of rising connecting blocks 9; there are two groups of rising sliders 1001, and the two groups of rising sliders 1001 are respectively slidably connected inside the two groups of rising sliding grooves 901; there are multiple groups of rising balls 1002, and the multiple groups of rising balls 1002 are respectively rotatably connected to the outer end surfaces of the two groups of rising sliders 1001, and the multiple groups of rising balls 1002 are respectively slid inside the two groups of rising sliding grooves 901. During use, when the rising slider 1001 slides inside the rising sliding groove 901, it drives the rising balls 1002 to slide in the rising sliding groove 901, and the rising balls 1002 reduce the friction between the rising sliding groove 901 and the rising slider 1001.

[0034] Among them, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a rising slide plate 10 and a rising float 11; the rising slide plate 10 is fixedly connected to the outer end surfaces of the two groups of rising sliders 1001, and the rising slide plate 10 slides on the upper side of the outer end surface of the cofferdam guard plate 1; the rising float 11 is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the rising slide plate 10. During use, when the water level of the river rises, the water level continuously rises to the position of the rising float 11, the water level drives the rising float 11 to slide upward, the rising float 11 sliding upward drives the rising slide plate 10 to slide upward, and the rising slide plate 10 slides upward to the upper side of the cofferdam guard plate 1, increasing the waterproof height of the cofferdam.

[0035] Among them, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a warning button 12 and a start button 13; the warning button 12 is fixedly connected to the middle position of the inner end surface of the rising slide plate 10; the start button 13 is located on the upper side of the outer end surface of the cofferdam guard plate 1, and the warning button 12 slides on the outer end surface of the start button 13. During use, the upward sliding of the rising slide plate 10 drives the warning button 12 to slide upward, and the upward sliding of the warning button 12 presses the start button 13.

[0036] Among them, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: mounting screw holes 14 and mounting bolts 15; there are four groups of mounting screw holes 14, and the four groups of mounting screw holes 14 are respectively opened at the four corners of the start button 13 and the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate 1; there are four groups of mounting bolts 15, and the four groups of mounting bolts 15 are respectively threadedly connected inside the four groups of mounting screw holes 14. During use, when the start button 13 is installed on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate 1, the mounting screw holes 14 on the start button 13 are aligned with the mounting screw holes 14 on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate 1, and the mounting bolts 15 are installed inside the mounting screw holes 14, so as to fix the start button 13 on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate 1.

[0037] Among them, the cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a warning alarm 16; the warning alarm 16 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the cofferdam self-balancing steel 2, and the start button 13 and the warning alarm 16 are connected in series to jointly form a closed switch circuit. During use, when the start button 13 is pressed, the warning alarm 16 is driven to emit an alarm sound.

[0038] The specific usage mode and function of this embodiment: In the present invention, during use, when the cofferdam guard plate 1 is inserted into the river water, the bottom insert block 7 is driven to move, and the movement of the bottom insert block 7 drives the movement of the bottom inclined surface 701. The bottom inclined surface 701 facilitates the insertion of the bottom insert block 7 into the sand of the river water. When the bottom insert block 7 inserts the cofferdam guard plate 1 into the sand of the water, when the river water impacts the buffer bump 8, the buffer inclined surface 801 gives a buffering effect to the river water, reducing the impact force of the river water on the cofferdam. When the rising slider 1001 slides inside the rising chute 901, it drives the rising ball 1002 to slide in the rising chute 901, and the rising ball 1002 reduces the friction between the rising chute 901 and the rising slider 1001. When the river water level rises, the water level continuously rises to the position of the rising float 11. The water level drives the rising float 11 to slide upward, and the upward sliding of the rising float 11 drives the rising slide plate 10 to slide upward. The rising slide plate 10 slides upward to the upper side of the cofferdam guard plate 1, increasing the waterproof height of the cofferdam. The upward sliding of the rising slide plate 10 drives the warning button block 12 to slide upward, and the upward sliding of the warning button block 12 presses the start button 13. When the start button 13 is installed on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate 1, the mounting screw holes 14 on the start button 13 are aligned with the mounting screw holes 14 on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate 1, and the mounting bolts 15 are installed inside the mounting screw holes 14, so as to fix the start button 13 on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate 1. When the start button 13 is pressed, the warning alarm 16 is driven to emit an alarm sound, prompting the staff that the river water has risen to the highest level of the cofferdam.

[0039] Embodiment Two: On the basis of Embodiment One, please refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 as shown: The present invention provides a foundation pit cofferdam superposed self - balancing steel support and bracing device, which further includes a cofferdam assembling mechanism. There are three groups of cofferdam assembling mechanisms, and the three groups of cofferdam assembling mechanisms are respectively arranged inside the three self - balancing shields 3. The cofferdam assembling mechanism includes: an adjusting knob 17, an adjusting bevel gear 1701 and a displacement bevel gear 1801; the adjusting knob 17 is rotatably connected to the middle position on the upper side inside the self - balancing shield 3, and the adjusting knob 17 rotates at the middle position on the upper end face of the self - balancing shield 3; the adjusting bevel gear 1701 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the lower side of the adjusting knob 17; the displacement bevel gear 1801 is rotatably connected to the middle position inside the self - balancing shield 3. The adjusting bevel gear 1701 and the displacement bevel gear 1801 are meshed to jointly form a bevel gear transmission mechanism. During the use process, the operator twists the adjusting knob 17 to rotate, driving the adjusting bevel gear 1701 to rotate, and the adjusting bevel gear 1701 rotates to drive the meshed displacement bevel gear 1801 to rotate.

[0040] Among them, the cofferdam assembling mechanism further includes: a displacement lead screw 18; the displacement lead screw 18 is rotatably connected to the middle position inside the self - balancing shield 3. The middle position of the displacement lead screw 18 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the displacement bevel gear 1801. The thread directions on both sides of the displacement lead screw 18 are opposite. The displacement lead screw 18 is threadedly connected to the inner end faces of the two self - balancing telescopic steels 4. During the use process, the displacement bevel gear 1801 rotates to drive the displacement lead screw 18 to rotate, and the displacement lead screw 18 rotates to drive the self - balancing telescopic steel 4 to slide, and the self - balancing telescopic steel 4 slides to adjust the lengths of the self - balancing shield 3 and the self - balancing telescopic steel 4.

[0041] The specific usage method and function of the second embodiment: In the present invention during the use process, the operator twists the adjusting knob 17 to rotate, driving the adjusting bevel gear 1701 to rotate, the adjusting bevel gear 1701 rotates to drive the meshed displacement bevel gear 1801 to rotate, the displacement bevel gear 1801 rotates to drive the displacement lead screw 18 to rotate, the displacement lead screw 18 rotates to drive the self - balancing telescopic steel 4 to slide, and the self - balancing telescopic steel 4 slides to adjust the lengths of the self - balancing shield 3 and the self - balancing telescopic steel 4. When the self - balancing telescopic steel 4 is connected to the cofferdam self - balancing steel 2, they are closely attached.

Claims

1. A superimposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pits, comprising: Cofer plate (1), cofferdam self-balancing steel (2), self-balancing shield (3), self-balancing telescopic steel (4), stable triangular iron (5), bottom connection block (6), cofferdam protection mechanism and cofferdam assembly mechanism; there are four groups of the cofer plates (1) in total, and the four groups of cofer plates (1) form a rectangular structure; it is characterized in that there are two groups of the cofferdam self-balancing steels (2) in total, and the two groups of cofferdam self-balancing steels (2) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner end faces of the front and rear two groups of cofer plates (1); there are three groups of the self-balancing shields (3) in total, and the three groups of self-balancing shields (3) are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the inner end faces of the two groups of cofferdam self-balancing steels (2); there are six groups of the self-balancing telescopic steels (4) in total, and the six groups of self-balancing telescopic steels (4) are respectively slidably connected to the front and rear end faces of the three groups of self-balancing shields (3), and the six groups of self-balancing telescopic steels (4) respectively slide on the inner end faces of the two groups of cofferdam self-balancing steels (2); there are multiple groups of the stable triangular irons (5) in total, and the multiple groups of stable triangular irons (5) are respectively fixed on the self-balancing telescopic steels (4) and the cofferdam self-balancing steels (2); there are four groups of the bottom connection blocks (6) in total, and the four groups of bottom connection blocks (6) are respectively fixedly connected to the lower end faces of the four groups of cofer plates (1); there are four groups of the cofferdam protection mechanisms in total, and the four groups of cofferdam protection mechanisms are respectively arranged on the four groups of cofer plates (1); there are three groups of the cofferdam assembly mechanisms in total, and the three groups of cofferdam assembly mechanisms are respectively arranged inside the three groups of self-balancing shields (3).

2. The superimposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 1, wherein: The cofferdam protection mechanism includes: bottom insertion block (7) and bottom inclined surface (701); the bottom insertion block (7) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the bottom connection block (6); there are two groups of the bottom inclined surfaces (701) in total, and the two groups of bottom inclined surfaces (701) are respectively opened on the outer sides of the lower end faces of the bottom insertion block (7), and the two groups of bottom inclined surfaces (701) form the bottom insertion block (7) into a V-shaped structure.

3. The superposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 1, wherein: The cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: buffer bump (8) and buffer inclined surface (801); the buffer bump (8) is fixedly connected to the outer end face of the bottom connection block (6); the buffer inclined surface (801) is opened on the upper side of the outer end face of the buffer bump (8), and the buffer inclined surface (801) forms the buffer bump (8) into a triangular structure.

4. The superimposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 1, wherein: The cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: rising connection block (9), rising chute (901), rising slider (1001), rising ball (1002); there are two groups of the rising connection blocks (9) in total, and the two groups of rising connection blocks (9) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper sides of the outer end faces of the cofer plates (1); there are two groups of the rising chutes (901) in total, and the two groups of rising chutes (901) are respectively opened inside the two groups of rising connection blocks (9); there are two groups of the rising sliders (1001) in total, and the two groups of rising sliders (1001) are respectively slidably connected inside the two groups of rising chutes (901); there are multiple groups of the rising balls (1002) in total, and the multiple groups of rising balls (1002) are respectively rotatably connected to the outer end faces of the two groups of rising sliders (1001), and the multiple groups of rising balls (1002) respectively slide inside the two groups of rising chutes (901).

5. The overlay self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a rising slide plate (10) and a rising float (11); the rising slide plate (10) is fixedly connected to the outer end faces of two groups of rising sliders (1001), and the rising slide plate (10) slides on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate (1); the rising float (11) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the rising slide plate (10).

6. The superimposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 5, wherein: The cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a warning button block (12) and a start button (13); the warning button block (12) is fixedly connected to the middle position of the inner end face of the rising slide plate (10); the start button (13) is located on the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate (1), and the warning button block (12) slides on the outer end face of the start button (13).

7. The overlay self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: mounting screw holes (14) and mounting bolts (15); there are four groups of mounting screw holes (14) in total, and the four groups of mounting screw holes (14) are respectively opened at the four corners of the start button (13) and the upper side of the outer end face of the cofferdam guard plate (1); there are four groups of mounting bolts (15) in total, and the four groups of mounting bolts (15) are respectively threadedly connected inside the four groups of mounting screw holes (14).

8. The superposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cofferdam protection mechanism further includes: a warning alarm (16); the warning alarm (16) is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the cofferdam self-balancing steel (2), and the start button (13) and the warning alarm (16) are connected in series to jointly form a closed switch circuit.

9. The superimposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cofferdam assembly mechanism includes: an adjustment knob (17), an adjustment bevel gear (1701) and a displacement bevel gear (1801); the adjustment knob (17) is rotatably connected to the middle position of the upper side inside the self-balancing cover (3), and the adjustment knob (17) rotates at the middle position of the upper end face of the self-balancing cover (3); the adjustment bevel gear (1701) is coaxially fixedly connected to the lower side of the adjustment knob (17); the displacement bevel gear (1801) is rotatably connected to the middle position inside the self-balancing cover (3), and the adjustment bevel gear (1701) and the displacement bevel gear (1801) are engaged to jointly form a bevel gear transmission mechanism.

10. The superimposed self-balanced steel support and retaining device for foundation pit cofferdam according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cofferdam assembly mechanism further includes: a displacement lead screw (18); the displacement lead screw (18) is rotatably connected to the middle position inside the self-balancing cover (3), the middle position of the displacement lead screw (18) is coaxially fixedly connected to the displacement bevel gear (1801), the thread directions on both sides of the displacement lead screw (18) are opposite, and the displacement lead screw (18) is threadedly connected to the inner end faces of two groups of self-balancing telescopic steels (4).

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