A multi-layer cable net structure and its prestress loading method

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-layer cable net structure and a prestress loading method thereof. The multi-layer cable net structure includes a first-layer structure, a second-layer structure, and an intermediate-layer structure connecting the first-layer structure and the second-layer structure; the first-layer structure includes a first outer ring beam, a first inner ring beam, and a first cable array connecting the first outer ring beam and the first inner ring beam; the second-layer structure includes a second outer ring beam, a second inner ring beam, and a second cable array connecting the second outer ring beam and the second inner ring beam; the intermediate-layer structure includes a first connecting member connecting the first cable array and the second cable array and a second connecting member connecting the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam. A method for opening holes in a bidirectional orthogonal cable net surface is realized. At the same time, the bidirectional node with double cables crossed by the main cables commonly used in the cable net structure is simplified to a simple connection of a unidirectional main cable and an out-of-plane short cable or a short column, reducing the construction difficulty, and a prestress application method for the cable net structure is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of architecture, and particularly to a novel multi-layer cable net structure applied to large-span roofs or facades of building structures and a prestress loading method therefor. Background Art

[0002] In the field of building structures, people strive to make breakthroughs in the direction of higher and larger spans, and also put forward higher and higher requirements for the service performance of the space covered by buildings. In the field of large-span building structures, the tensile structure is the lightest and most efficient system. At present, the relatively mature form of the two-way orthogonal tensile cable net is relatively single, and it is not satisfactory in aspects such as prestress construction, design and installation of the enclosure structure, form change, and hole-opening technology of the net surface.

[0003] The conventional single-layer cable net is a typical highly efficient, light-weight, large-span prestressed flexible structure. The most common one is the saddle-shaped hyperbolic two-way orthogonal single-layer cable net. The prestress is achieved by tensioning the main cables. As the span increases, the tensile force increases rapidly, and the construction process is complex.

[0004] The design and installation of the roof enclosure structure of large cable net structures are relatively complex, and a large number of secondary structures are required to install the glass or membrane structure skin. Moreover, if you want to open a hole in the middle of the cable net (usually above the stadium court), there is no good implementation method for the classic two-way orthogonal cable net structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a novel multi-layer cable net structure and a prestress loading method therefor. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] A multi-layer cable net structure, comprising a first-layer structure, a second-layer structure, and an intermediate-layer structure connecting the first-layer structure and the second-layer structure; the first-layer structure includes a first outer ring beam, a first inner ring beam, and a first cable array connecting the first outer ring beam and the first inner ring beam; the second-layer structure includes a second outer ring beam, a second inner ring beam, and a second cable array connecting the second outer ring beam and the second inner ring beam; the intermediate-layer structure includes a first connector connecting the first cable array and the second cable array, and a second connector connecting the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam.

[0007] Optionally, the middle region of the first cable array is lower than the edge region.

[0008] Optionally, the middle region of the second cable array is higher than the edge region.

[0009] Optionally, the first inner ring beam further includes a first inscribed chord cable or a first strengthening cable array for reinforcement.

[0010] Optionally, the second inner ring beam further includes a second inscribed chord cable or a second cable strengthening array for reinforcement.

[0011] Optionally, the first outer ring beam and the second outer ring beam are supports or support systems for the cable net structure, and the first outer ring beam and the second outer ring beam further include circumferential supports or connectors with the support system.

[0012] Optionally, the first connector is a cable or a short column with equal or unequal lengths, and the second connector includes a short column or a part of a cable.

[0013] Optionally, the length of the second connector is zero, that is, the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam are combined into one.

[0014] Optionally, a strengthening structure is further included inside the inner ring of the multi-layer cable net structure. The strengthening structure inside the inner ring includes an additional ring beam and additional connecting members, and forms an inner ring space truss or an inner ring strengthening cable ring with the first inner ring beam, the second inner ring beam, and the second connector.

[0015] Optionally, the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam have a circular, elliptical or other planar projection shape.

[0016] Optionally, the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam have different shapes.

[0017] Optionally, the inner diameters of the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam are zero or close to zero.

[0018] The present invention also provides a prestress loading method for a multi-layer cable net structure. The multi-layer cable net structure includes a first layer structure, a second layer structure, and an intermediate layer structure connecting the first layer structure and the second layer structure; the first layer structure includes a first outer ring beam, a first inner ring beam, and a first cable array connecting the first outer ring beam and the first inner ring beam; the second layer structure includes a second outer ring beam, a second inner ring beam, and a second cable array connecting the second outer ring beam and the second inner ring beam; the intermediate layer structure includes a first connector connecting the first cable array and the second cable array, and a second connector connecting the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam; prestress is applied to the first connector through a prestress tensioning device.

[0019] Optionally, the prestress tensioning device includes a fine cable for curtain wall or a cable head for a tie rod.

[0020] Optionally, tensioning is further included for the ends of the first cable array and the second cable array.

[0021] In the present invention, the cable arrays in two directions of a conventional single-layer cable net are separated vertically, changing from single-layer to double-layer. Generally, the upper layer is a cable array with a lower middle part and higher ends, and the lower layer is a cable array with a higher middle part and lower ends. If there are openings, inner ring beams are arranged at the openings of the upper and lower layers. And short columns (or cables) are used to connect between the upper and lower layer cables and between the upper and lower layer inner ring beams. And according to specific design requirements, the first and second inner tangent chord cables or the first and second strengthening cable arrays are respectively used to reinforce the first and second layer structures, an inner ring strengthening structure can also be set, or the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam are combined into a single-layer inner ring beam form.

[0022] The cable net is one of the most efficient spatial structure forms. The present invention patent realizes a method for opening holes in the cable net surface, effectively expanding its usage scenarios. At the same time, the bidirectional nodes of the commonly used double cables orthogonal in the cable net structure are simplified to simple connections of single cables and short cables or short columns, significantly reducing the construction difficulty. And thereby provides a unique method for applying prestress to the cable net, that is, tensioning small cables or shortening the length of short columns can be used to replace or partially replace the conventional scheme of tensioning the main cable array. The magnitude of the prestress applied force can usually be reduced by dozens of times or more. Usually, a large-scale or super-large-scale cable net structure can be basically prestressed by using manual or portable tensioning devices. And as long as the cable net spacing and load change little, the tension force remains basically unchanged. The greater the span, the more obvious the advantage.

[0023] Due to its large deformability, the most suitable enclosure structure for the cable net is the membrane structure. The bidirectional cable nets are placed separately above and below, respectively serving as the tensioning support boundaries of the membrane structure, greatly simplifying the secondary structure. The installation of the membrane structure will also play a very good role in the coordinated action of the upper and lower layer cable nets.

[0024] When used as a roof, the roof drainage organization of the cable net structure is relatively complex. After the bidirectional cable nets are placed separately above and below, the naturally formed integral folded plate-shaped drainage channels are very beneficial to the organization of drainage. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a single-layer bidirectional cable net structure of the prior art;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the upper layer structure of a multi-layer cable net structure of one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the lower layer structure of a multi-layer cable net structure of one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle layer structure of a multi-layer cable net structure of one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the strengthening structure of the inner ring of a multi-layer cable net structure of one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram A of the multi-layer cable net structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram B of the multi-layer cable net structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the reinforcement of the first inscribed chord cable of the upper structure of the multi-layer cable net structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the reinforcement of the second inscribed chord cable of the lower structure of the multi-layer cable net structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the reinforcement of the first strengthening cable row of the upper structure of the multi-layer cable net structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the reinforcement of the second strengthening cable row of the lower structure of the multi-layer cable net structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] Refer to Figure 1 , which is a conventional single-layer orthogonal cable net structure. For this single-layer cable net structure, a large prestress needs to be applied at the cable ends to tension and form the cable net, resulting in high construction difficulty. Moreover, since there is only a single-layer orthogonal cable row structure, it is impossible to form an opening.

[0037] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a novel cable net structure and its prestress loading method. Referring to FIGS. 2-5, in one embodiment of the present invention, a novel multi-layer cable net structure is proposed. The multi-layer cable net structure includes a first layer structure 1, a second layer structure 2, an intermediate layer structure 3 connecting the first layer structure and the second layer structure, and an inner ring strengthening structure 4 that together with the intermediate layer structure 3 forms an inner ring space truss; wherein, the first layer structure 1 is, for example, an upper structure, and the second layer structure 2 is, for example, a lower structure.

[0038] Refer to Figure 2 , the first layer structure 1 includes a first outer ring beam 101, a first inner ring beam 103, and a first cable row 102 connecting the first outer ring beam 101 and the first inner ring beam 103.

[0039] Refer to Figure 3 , the second layer structure 2 includes a second outer ring beam 201, a second inner ring beam 203, and a second cable row 202 connecting the second outer ring beam 201 and the second inner ring beam 203.

[0040] Refer to Figure 4, the middle layer structure 3 includes a first connecting member 301 connecting the first cable array 102 and the second cable array 202, and a second connecting member 302 connecting the first inner ring beam 103 and the second inner ring beam 203.

[0041] See Figure 5 , the inner ring strengthening structure 4 includes an additional ring beam 401 and web members 402 connecting the 401 with the first inner ring beam 103 and the second inner ring beam 203. Together with the first inner ring beam 103, the second inner ring beam 203 and the second connecting member 302, it forms an inner ring space truss.

[0042] Among them, the middle region of the first cable array 102 is lower than the edge region; the middle region of the second cable array 202 is higher than the edge region; the first cable array 102 and the second cable array 202 are arranged in an interlaced manner.

[0043] The first connecting member 301 is, for example, a vertical small cable. A common cable clamp is used to connect the first cable array 102 and the second cable array 202, and a tensioning device can be arranged on the 301 for applying prestress to the overall structure; this tensioning device is, for example, a common small adjustable-length cable head for curtain wall thin cables or tie rods, with low cost. The prestress application force is reduced by dozens of times or more. Usually, the prestress of large and extra-large cable net structures can be basically completed by manual or portable tensioning devices. And as long as the cable net spacing and load change little, the tension force remains basically unchanged. The greater the span, the more obvious the advantage. And since a multi-layer cable net is formed, it is possible to open a hole in the middle of the orthogonal cable net.

[0044] The second connecting member 302 is, for example, a short column or a cable, and the first inner ring beam 103 and the second inner ring beam 203 are connected by conventional welding or hinged connection.

[0045] A schematic diagram A of the double-layer and two-way saddle-shaped cable net structure including a hole prepared by using the present invention is as Figure 6 shown.

[0046] Furthermore, the cable net structure formed by the present invention may not be saddle-shaped, but any negative Gaussian hyperbolic cable net structure.

[0047] Furthermore, it is also possible that the length of the second connecting member 302 is zero, that is, the first inner ring beam 103 and the second inner ring beam 203 are combined into one, forming a cable net structure as Figure 7 shown.

[0048] Furthermore, in order to enhance the strength of the upper layer structure, the first layer structure 1 further includes a first inscribed chord cable 104 or a first strengthening cable array 105 for strengthening, as Figure 8 , 10 shown.

[0049] Accordingly, the second layer structure 2 may also include a second internal chord cable 204 or a second strengthening cable array 205 for reinforcement, as Figure 9 , 11 shown.

[0050] The first internal chord cable 104 or the second internal chord cable 204 is a set of end-to-end tension cables arranged along the inner side of the first inner ring beam 103 or the second inner ring beam 203.

[0051] The first strengthening cable array 105 is a cable array added in the area of the first inner ring beam 103 along the direction of the first cable array 102; the first strengthening cable array 105 may also be a part of the first cable array 102 retained in the area of the first inner ring beam 103.

[0052] The second strengthening cable array 205 is a cable array added in the area of the second inner ring beam 203 along the direction of the second cable array 202; the second strengthening cable array 205 may also be a part of the second cable array 202 retained in the area of the second inner ring beam 203.

[0053] For the first outer ring beam 101 or the second outer ring beam 201, it is a support system of the cable net structure and can be directly set on the support or other supporting structures, that is, the first outer ring beam and the second outer ring beam also include the peripheral supports or the connecting parts with the supporting structures.

[0054] Furthermore, the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam have a circular, elliptical or other planar projection shape. The shapes of the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam may be different.

[0055] In addition, the multi-layer cable net structure proposed by the present invention may also not have holes, that is, the inner diameters of the first inner ring beam 103 and the second inner ring beam 203 are zero or close to zero. Or the first and second strengthening cable arrays may respectively penetrate the first and second cable arrays, then the first and second inner ring beams, that is, the inner ring strengthening structure, can be cancelled to form a holeless cable net.

[0056] In addition, by using the height difference between the two layers of cable nets, efficient membrane structure support and drainage organization are carried out. Generally, the maximum height difference between the two layers of cable nets may be between 1 / 2 and 1 / 4 of the cable spacing in the first and second cable arrays. Especially for the second cable array located at the lower layer, each cable in it may be composed of more than 2 parallel cable bundles, and the formed cable bundle plane can facilitate the setting of the drainage ditch. In the first cable array and the second cable array, the cable spacings may not be equal, but the difference generally does not exceed one time. The lengths of the first connecting parts may not be equal.

[0057] In addition, an opening roof can be made at the opening part of the cable net, and the first and second strengthening cable rows can be used as sliding tracks; alternatively, a region (usually square) can be selected on the non-opening cable net to make an opening roof, and the first and second cable rows can be used as sliding tracks. When making an opening roof on the cable net, a corrugated accordion-folded membrane structure is commonly used.

[0058] The non-opening roof enclosure structure may not be a membrane structure, but can be other metal or non-metal plates or unit components.

[0059] The multi-layer cable net structure proposed by the present invention can be used as a roof or a wall.

[0060] The present invention also proposes a prestress loading method for a multi-layer cable net structure. By adding an intermediate layer, a tensioning device is only arranged on the first connecting member 301 of the intermediate layer for applying prestress to the overall structure; the tensioning device is, for example, a common small adjustable-length cable head for curtain wall thin cables or tie rods, with low cost, and the prestress application force is reduced by dozens of times or more. Usually, the prestress application of large and extra-large cable net structures can be basically completed by manual or portable tensioning devices. Moreover, as long as the cable net spacing and load change little, the tension force remains basically unchanged. The greater the span, the more obvious the advantage. And since a multi-layer cable net is formed, it is possible to open a hole in the middle of the orthogonal cable net.

[0061] Optionally, the present invention can also retain the tensioning of the ends of the first cable row 102 and the second cable row 202 at the same time.

[0062] The present invention realizes a method for opening a hole in the cable net surface, effectively expanding its usage scenarios. At the same time, the two-way nodes of the double cables orthogonal commonly used in the cable net structure are simplified to simple connections of single-way short cables or short columns, significantly reducing the construction difficulty. And a unique cable net prestress application method is provided, that is, tensioning small guy cables or shortening the length of short columns can be used to replace the conventional scheme of tensioning the main cable rows. The prestress application force is reduced by dozens of times or more. Usually, the prestress application of large and extra-large cable net structures can be basically completed by manual or portable tensioning devices.

[0063] Due to its large deformability, the most suitable enclosure structure for the cable net is a membrane structure. The two-way cable nets are arranged separately above and below, respectively serving as the tensioning support boundaries of the membrane structure, greatly simplifying the secondary structure. The installation of the membrane structure will also play a very good role in the cooperative action of the upper and lower cable nets.

[0064] When used as a roof, the roof drainage organization of the cable net structure is relatively complex. After the two-way cable nets are arranged separately above and below, a natural integral folded plate-shaped drainage channel is formed, which is very beneficial to the organization of drainage.

[0065] In the accompanying drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are involved. For other structures, reference may be made to the general design. Without conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer cable net structure, characterized in that, The multi-layer cable net structure includes: A first layer structure, a second layer structure, and an intermediate layer structure connecting the first layer structure and the second layer structure; The first layer structure includes a first outer ring beam, a first inner ring beam, and a first cable array connecting the first outer ring beam and the first inner ring beam; The second layer structure includes a second outer ring beam, a second inner ring beam, and a second cable array connecting the second outer ring beam and the second inner ring beam; The intermediate layer structure includes a first connector connecting the first cable array and the second cable array, and a second connector connecting the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam; Wherein, the first cable array and the second cable array are arranged in an interlaced manner, and a tensioning device is further included. The tensioning device is arranged on the first connector, and the tensioning device is used for applying prestress to the overall structure; A strengthening structure is further included in the inner ring of the multi-layer cable net structure. The strengthening structure of the inner ring includes an additional ring beam and additional connecting rod members. The additional connecting rod members connect the additional ring beam with the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam, and form an inner ring space truss or an inner ring strengthening cable ring with the first inner ring beam, the second inner ring beam, and the second connector.

2. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, wherein, The middle area of the first cable array is lower than the edge area.

3. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The middle area of the second cable array is higher than the edge area.

4. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, wherein, The first inner ring beam further includes a first inscribed chord cable or a first strengthening cable array for strengthening.

5. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, wherein The second inner ring beam further includes a second inscribed chord cable or a second strengthening cable array for strengthening.

6. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The first outer ring beam and the second outer ring beam are supports or support systems of the cable net structure, and the first outer ring beam and the second outer ring beam further include circumferential supports or connectors with the support system.

7. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first connector is a cable or short column with equal or unequal lengths, and the second connector includes a short column or a partial cable.

8. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 7, characterized in that The length of the second connector is zero, that is, the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam are combined into one.

9. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam have a circular or elliptical planar projection shape.

10. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shapes of the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam are different.

11. The multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameters of the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam are zero.

12. A prestress loading method for a multi-layer cable net structure, characterized in that: The multi-layer cable net structure includes a first layer structure, a second layer structure, and an intermediate layer structure connecting the first layer structure and the second layer structure; the first layer structure includes a first outer ring beam, a first inner ring beam, and a first cable array connecting the first outer ring beam and the first inner ring beam; the second layer structure includes a second outer ring beam, a second inner ring beam, and a second cable array connecting the second outer ring beam and the second inner ring beam; the intermediate layer structure includes a first connector connecting the first cable array and the second cable array, and a second connector connecting the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam; It includes a strengthening structure arranged inside the inner ring of the multi-layer cable net structure. The strengthening structure of the inner ring includes an additional ring beam and additional connecting members. The additional connecting members connect the additional ring beam with the first inner ring beam and the second inner ring beam, and form an inner ring space truss or an inner ring strengthening cable ring with the first inner ring beam, the second inner ring beam, and the second connecting member. It also includes a tensioning device, which is arranged on the first connecting member and applies prestress to the first connecting member through the prestress tensioning device.

13. The prestress loading method for the multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The prestress tensioning device includes a cable head for curtain wall thin cables or tie rods.

14. The prestress loading method for the multi-layer cable net structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: It also includes tensioning the ends of the first cable row and the second cable row.

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