Three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste, which solves the defect that the existing kitchen waste has complex components and the dehydration method by crushing, extruding and centrifugal method easily causes the equipment to fail to operate normally and stably. The device comprises: a first component, which has a feeding port for putting in the garbage and a bottom for receiving the garbage; a second component, which is circumferentially provided with water holes for convenient solid-liquid separation; a first extrusion component, which is connected to the second component and can be moved to close or open one axial end of the second component; a second extrusion component, which is connected to the first component and can be moved axially along the first component; a third extrusion component, which is located at the axial part of the second extrusion component, and the diameter of the extrusion coverage is smaller than the diameter of the extrusion coverage of the second extrusion component. The extrusion part adopts the coaxially sleeved second extrusion component and the third extrusion component to form a three-stage extrusion form, and extrudes radially outward from the center, which will not cause liquid accumulation in the center and has a good separation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a solid-liquid separation device, in particular to a three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste. Background Art

[0002] Kitchen waste is the most important type of food waste, including food processing scraps and edible residues generated by households, schools, canteens and the catering industry. Its composition is complex, mainly a mixture of oil, water, fruit peels, vegetables, rice, fish, meat, bones, as well as waste tableware, plastic, paper towels and other substances. It is the domestic waste generated by residents in the process of daily consumption. Compared with domestic waste, it has the following characteristics: (1) High water content, up to 80% - 95%; (2) High salt content, including high content of pepper and acetic acid in some areas; (3) High organic matter content, protein, cellulose, starch, fat, etc.; (4) Rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements; (5) Contains pathogens and pathogenic microorganisms; (6) Easy to rot, deteriorate, stink, and breed mosquitoes.

[0003] Therefore, the treatment of food waste in cities is very important. Improper treatment can easily lead to a variety of problems: (1) Pollution of the environment and impact on the city appearance. (2) Harm to human health. (3) Spread of diseases. (4) The seepage generated when food waste is piled up enters the sewage treatment system, which will increase the organic matter content, thereby increasing the burden on the sewage treatment plant and increasing operating costs. However, food waste contains a large amount of nutrients, the main components of which are oil and protein. It can replace corn, fish meal, soybean meal, etc. to be processed into high-energy protein and high-quality feed, and is also a suitable raw material for the production of biodiesel.

[0004] At present, the main technologies for converting food waste into feed are biological and physical methods. The biological method uses microbial fermentation technology to make fermented feed. This treatment process generally has a long cycle, requires the selection and management of bacteria, and is more complicated. The physical method is to dehydrate the food waste, dry and disinfect it, and then crush it to make dry feed.

[0005] The existing physical treatment method mainly uses an auger or a rotating shaft with blades to crush, squeeze, and dehydrate by centrifugal method. However, the current collection of food waste is relatively extensive, and many materials that do not belong to food waste are also mixed in, such as plastic bags, paper, chopsticks, rags, cleaning waste, etc. These complex food wastes cannot be treated normally and stably by the current physical treatment methods. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention solves the defect that the existing food waste has complex components and the dehydration method by crushing, extruding and centrifuging is easy to cause the equipment to fail to operate normally and stably. A three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for food waste is provided. The flat-push extrusion method is adopted. The food waste is not crushed before solid-liquid separation, so that the equipment can operate normally without being affected by the composition of the food waste.

[0007] The invention provides a three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste. The extrusion part adopts a coaxially sleeved second extrusion component and a third extrusion component to form a three-stage extrusion form according to different extrusion sequences.

[0008] The specific technical solution of the present invention is: a three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste, comprising:

[0009] The first component has a feeding port for putting in garbage, and a bottom for receiving the garbage;

[0010] The second component is axially connected to and communicates with the first component, and water holes are arranged circumferentially to facilitate solid-liquid separation;

[0011] A first extrusion component is connected to the second component and can be moved to close or open one axial end of the second component;

[0012] A second extrusion component is connected to the first component and can move axially along the first component;

[0013] The third extrusion component is located at the axial position of the second extrusion component, and the diameter of the third extrusion component is smaller than the diameter of the third extrusion component. The third extrusion component can move axially synchronously with the second extrusion component, and can also move axially independently relative to the second extrusion component.

[0014] The device uses a flat push extrusion method to separate solids and liquids. The kitchen waste is not crushed before solid-liquid separation, so that the equipment can operate normally and is not affected by the composition of the kitchen waste. The first component is mainly used for docking and feeding, so it has a feeding port for feeding, which is convenient for feeding the kitchen waste into the first component from the feeding port. The first component can be a closed structure to avoid liquid leakage during the feeding process, or it can be a screen structure. Primary solid-liquid separation begins during the feeding process. The shape of the first component can be various styles, such as square and round. Of course, it is necessary to consider the cooperation with the extrusion component to facilitate extrusion. The second component belongs to the main solid-liquid separation area and is also the place where the extrusion work is carried out. The kitchen waste is transferred from the first component to the second component. Therefore, the second component should be connected with the first component and communicated with it, and water holes are arranged circumferentially. During the extrusion process, the liquid is discharged from the water holes, and the solid remains in the second component and is squeezed and shrunk; considering that the solid needs to be discharged after extrusion, the two ends of the second component are open, one end is connected with the first component to facilitate the transfer of food waste from the first component to the second component, and the other end is open to discharge the solid, but during the solid-liquid separation process, the second component needs to be axially closed, so the first extrusion component is arranged, and the first component is kept to close the second component during the feeding and extrusion process. After the extrusion is completed, the first extrusion component opens the second component to facilitate the discharge of the solid; the second extrusion component and the third extrusion component are the main extrusion power components, which must complete the food waste transfer, food waste extrusion solid-liquid separation ; The fluidity of the liquid is strong. Therefore, during axial extrusion, if the whole is extruded at one time, the liquid in the center of the extrusion surface is not easy to be squeezed out. The present application sets the second extrusion component and the third extrusion component separately and coaxially. The diameter covered by the third extrusion component is smaller than the diameter covered by the second extrusion component. That is to say, the third extrusion component is located at the center of the second extrusion component. In this way, it can be extruded in steps in the radial direction, which is equivalent to squeezing the liquid from the center to the outside, with good extrusion effect and high extrusion efficiency. Before extrusion, feed the material first. Before feeding, first use the first extrusion component to close one end of the second component, and the second extrusion component and the third extrusion component to close one end of the first component. Then, the food waste is put into the first component, and then the second extrusion component is used to squeeze the food waste. The third extrusion component moves axially synchronously with the third extrusion component to transfer the food waste into the first component. In this process, the first stage of extrusion of the food waste is completed. Then the third extrusion component starts to squeeze the food waste at the center until it is squeezed in place, that is, the third extrusion component reaches the upper limit of the extrusion pressure. This process completes the second stage of extrusion of the food waste. Then the second extrusion component starts to squeeze the food waste at the periphery and squeezes it in place. This process completes the third stage of extrusion of the food waste. Finally, the first extrusion component retreats to open one end of the second component. Then the second extrusion component and the third extrusion component move forward synchronously to push the solid waste out of the second component. Then the second extrusion component and the third extrusion component retract to the starting position and close the first component, waiting for the next separation.Of course, the liquid is squeezed out during the extrusion process, so it is necessary to consider setting up a liquid receiving device at the bottom of the device. ;

[0015] Further preferably, the second extrusion component includes a second hydraulic cylinder and a second piston connected to the second hydraulic cylinder, the front end of the second piston is a circular extrusion head, the end face of the extrusion head is the extrusion face of the second extrusion component, a cavity is set at the middle axis of the second piston, and the third extrusion component is set in the cavity.

[0016] Further preferably, the third extrusion component includes a third hydraulic cylinder arranged in the second extrusion component, and a third piston connected to the third hydraulic cylinder, the front end of the third piston is a cylindrical extrusion head, and the end face of the extrusion head is the extrusion face of the third extrusion component.

[0017] Further preferably, the third piston is barrel-shaped, the extrusion head of the third piston is fixed at the front end, the telescopic rod end of the third hydraulic cylinder is connected to the extrusion head, and a screen grid is provided on the barrel of the third piston, and the screen grid connects the inside and outside of the third piston. The screen grid is provided on the barrel of the third piston, indicating that the liquid on the periphery of the third piston can penetrate into the third piston, mainly because after the third extrusion component completes the second stage of extrusion, the third piston is surrounded by the kitchen waste, and when the second extrusion component completes the third stage of extrusion, the liquid can penetrate into the third piston and be discharged, thereby avoiding liquid accumulation.

[0018] Further preferably, the two axial ends of the first component are connected, the axial cross section of the first component is U-shaped, the bottom of the first component is closed and has an arc bottom, and the upper opening of the U-shape of the first component is the feeding port. Since the separation is aimed at food waste, the bottom of the first component is closed to avoid leakage at this position.

[0019] Further preferably, the second component is a circumferentially closed structure, which is entirely surrounded by a screen, and the interior of the second component is a solid-liquid separation chamber.

[0020] More preferably, the second component is in a cylindrical shape as a whole, and the screen is a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer screens overlap each other.

[0021] Further preferably, the first extrusion component includes a first hydraulic cylinder and a push plate connected to the end of the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder, the push plate is circular, and the circular size of the push plate is matched with the inner hole size of one axial end of the second component.

[0022] Further preferably, the device includes a frame, the frame includes four parallel support columns and several support plates perpendicular to the support columns, the support columns and the support plates are connected to form a frame structure, and the first component, the second component, the first extrusion component and the second extrusion component are all connected to the corresponding support plates.

[0023] Further preferably, there are three support plates connecting the first component and the second component, the three support plates are parallel to each other and divided into two parts, one part is used to fix the first component, and the other part is used to connect the second component. Support blocks are fixed on the opposite surfaces of the two support plates connecting the second component. The support blocks are annular, and each support block is composed of two half rings. The second component is a screen structure, which is easy to adhere to kitchen waste. It is easy to corrode over time, and the drainage effect will decrease. The second component is connected by the support plate, which is convenient for replacement of the second component.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the device uses a flat push extrusion method to separate solids and liquids, and the food waste is not crushed before the solid-liquid separation, so that the equipment can operate normally and is not affected by the composition of the food waste; the extrusion part uses a coaxially sleeved second extrusion component and a third extrusion component to form a three-stage extrusion form according to different extrusion sequences, and extrude radially outward from the center, which will not cause liquid accumulation in the center and has a good separation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a side view of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a top view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a three-stage extrusion of the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 1, frame, 2, support plate, 3, support column, 4, second extrusion component, 5, second hydraulic cylinder, 6, second piston, 7, third piston, 8, first component, 9, second component, 10, first extrusion component, 11, push plate, 12, first hydraulic cylinder, 13, support block, 14, third hydraulic cylinder, 15, third extrusion component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Example:

[0032] like Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 As shown, a three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste comprises: a frame 1, a first component 8 arranged in the frame, a second component 9 arranged in the frame and connected to the first component, and an extrusion component. The extrusion component comprises a first extrusion component 10, a second extrusion component 4 and a third extrusion component 15, and the first extrusion component is located on the left side of the second component (according to Figure 2direction), the second extrusion component and the third extrusion component are on the right side of the first component (according to Figure 2 direction), wherein the third extrusion component is located in the axial position of the second extrusion component.

[0033] The frame includes four parallel support columns 3 and five support plates 2 perpendicular to the support columns. The support columns are round and the support plates are square. There are round holes at the four corners of the support plates. The support columns pass through the round holes. The support plates are parallel to each other. The support columns and the support plates are connected and fixed to form a rectangular frame structure. For the convenience of explanation, Figure 2 From left to right, the five support plates are divided into a first support plate, a second support plate, a third support plate, a fourth support plate and a fifth support plate.

[0034] The first component is formed by bending a stainless steel plate. The axial cross-section of the first component is U-shaped. The top opening forms a feeding port for putting in food waste. The bottom of the first component is closed for receiving waste, and the two axial ends are connected. The two axial ends of the first component are respectively fixed and sealed to the opposite sides of the third support plate and the fourth support plate. The width of the upper opening of the U shape is smaller than the distance between the two support columns. The bottom of the first component is semicircular in axial direction. The fourth support plate and the third support plate are provided with circular holes. The two circular holes are coaxial. The radius of the two circular holes is equal to the radius of the semicircle at the bottom of the first component. The axis of the two circular holes is coaxial with the axis of the semicircle at the bottom of the first component. The upper edge of the U-shaped opening of the first component is flush with the upper side edge of the third support plate and the upper side edge of the fourth support plate.

[0035] A support block 13 is fixed on the opposite side of the second support plate and the third support plate. The support block is annular. Each support block is formed by two half rings matching each other. The matching position is at a horizontal diameter position, that is, the support block on the side of the second support plate is annular and fixed vertically. The two half rings of the support block are matched up and down. A circular hole is arranged on the second support plate. The circular hole and the circular hole on the third support plate are of equal diameter and coaxial. The support block is used to support and fix the second component. The second component has a cylindrical channel. The diameter of the cylindrical channel is equal to the diameter of the circular hole. Therefore, the inner diameter of the circular ring of the two support plates is slightly larger than the diameter of the circular hole. The second component is a circumferentially closed barrel-shaped structure, which is hooped by a screen as a whole. The cylindrical channel inside the second component is a solid-liquid separation chamber. The screen of the second component is a multi-layer structure. The multi-layer screen overlaps each other, and the two ends of the screen are fixed by a hoop. A cover (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the upper part of the second support and the third support plate, and the cover covers the second component.

[0036] The first extrusion component includes a first hydraulic cylinder 12, a connecting plate is fixed at the end of the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder, a push plate 11 is fixed on the connecting plate, the connecting plate is circular, the push plate is circular, the circular diameter of the connecting plate is larger than the circular diameter of the push plate, the circular diameter of the push plate is equal to the diameter of the circular hole on the second support plate, the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the first support plate, the axis of the first hydraulic cylinder is coaxial with the axis of the circular hole of the second support plate. The first hydraulic cylinder pushes the push plate forward, and the push plate closes the circular hole in the center of the second support plate.

[0037] The second extrusion component includes a second hydraulic cylinder 5 and a second piston 6 connected to the second hydraulic cylinder. The front end of the second piston is a circular extrusion head, and the end face of the extrusion head is the extrusion face of the second extrusion component. The second piston is cylindrical, and the radius of the second piston is equal to the radius of the semicircle at the bottom of the first component. The axis of the second extrusion component is coaxial with the axis of the circular hole on the third support plate. A cavity is set at the middle axis of the second piston, and the third extrusion component is set in the cavity. The third extrusion component includes a third hydraulic cylinder 14 set in the second extrusion component and a third piston 7 connected to the third hydraulic cylinder. The front end of the third piston is a cylindrical extrusion head, and the end face of the extrusion head is the extrusion face of the third extrusion component. The second piston surrounds the third piston, and the coverage diameter of the second piston extrusion is just outside the diameter of the third piston extrusion coverage. The extrusion head of the third piston is fixed at the front end position, the telescopic rod end of the third hydraulic cylinder is connected to the extrusion head, and a screen grid is set on the barrel of the third piston, and the screen grid connects the inside and outside of the third piston. The tail end of the second piston is connected to a discharge pipe, and the discharge pipe is used to discharge the liquid separated by the third piston and entering the second piston. The third extrusion component can move axially synchronously with the second extrusion component, and can also move axially independently relative to the second extrusion component.

[0038] The first hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder and the third hydraulic cylinder are all connected to the hydraulic system and supplied with oil by the hydraulic system. All three hydraulic cylinders are bidirectional hydraulic cylinders, which are convenient for resetting.

[0039] An oil tank is arranged below the second component to receive the separated liquid.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, a three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for food waste has the following working steps: the first step: the push plate of the first extrusion component moves forward and closes the circular hole on the second support plate, the second extrusion component and the third extrusion component move forward synchronously and close the circular hole on the third support plate, and then the food waste is put into the feeding port of the first component, and the amount of food waste put in should not overflow the first component (see Figure 4 i);

[0041] Step 2: The second extrusion component and the third extrusion component continue to push forward synchronously to transfer the food waste completely into the second component until the second hydraulic cylinder of the second extrusion component reaches the first set pressure (see Figure 4 ii);

[0042] Part 3: Keep the second extrusion component stationary, and the third piston of the third extrusion component moves forward alone until the third hydraulic cylinder reaches the set pressure, so as to separate the solid and liquid of the food waste at the axis position in the second component and compress the solid waste (see Figure 4 iii);

[0043] Step 4: The second extrusion component moves, and the second piston continues to push forward to squeeze the garbage outside the third piston to separate the solid and liquid, until the second hydraulic cylinder reaches the second set pressure (see Figure 4 iv);

[0044] Step 5: The first extrusion component moves, the push plate retreats, and the circular hole on the second support plate is opened. Then the second extrusion component moves to push the solid waste out of the second component (see Figure 4 v);

[0045] Step 6: The second extrusion component and the third extrusion component are reset, and the first extrusion component is actuated to close the circular hole on the second support plate again, and then the above steps are repeated to perform the next solid-liquid separation of the kitchen waste.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent transformation made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste, characterized in that: include: The first component (8) has a feeding port for placing garbage, and a bottom for receiving the garbage; The second component (9) is axially connected to and communicates with the first component, and is provided with water holes in the circumference to facilitate solid-liquid separation; A first extrusion component (10) is connected to the second component and can be moved to close or open one axial end of the second component; A second extrusion component (4) is connected to the first component and can move axially along the first component; The third extrusion component (15) is located at the axial position of the second extrusion component, and the diameter of the extrusion coverage is smaller than the diameter of the extrusion coverage of the second extrusion component, and can move axially synchronously with the second extrusion component, and can also move axially independently relative to the second extrusion component; The second extrusion component comprises a second hydraulic cylinder (5), a second piston (6) connected to the second hydraulic cylinder, the front end of the second piston is a circular extrusion head, the end surface of the extrusion head is the extrusion surface of the second extrusion component, a cavity is provided at the middle axis of the second piston, and the third extrusion component is provided in the cavity; The third extrusion component comprises a third hydraulic cylinder (14) arranged in the second extrusion component and a third piston (7) connected to the third hydraulic cylinder. The front end of the third piston is a cylindrical extrusion head, and the end surface of the extrusion head is the extrusion surface of the third extrusion component.

2. The three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third piston is barrel-shaped, the extrusion head of the third piston is fixed at the front end, the telescopic rod end of the third hydraulic cylinder is connected to the extrusion head, a screen grid is arranged on the barrel body of the third piston, and the screen grid connects the inside and outside of the third piston.

3. The three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial ends of the first component are connected, the axial cross section of the first component is U-shaped, the bottom of the first component is closed and has an arc bottom, and the upper opening of the U-shape of the first component is the feeding port.

4. The three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The second component is a circumferentially closed structure, which is entirely surrounded by a screen, and the interior of the second component is a solid-liquid separation chamber.

5. The three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second component is in the shape of a cylinder as a whole, and the screen is a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer screens overlap each other.

6. The three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first extrusion component comprises a first hydraulic cylinder (12) and a push plate (11) connected to the end of the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder. The push plate is circular, and the circular size of the push plate matches the size of the inner hole at one axial end of the second component.

7. The three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device comprises a frame (1), the frame comprising four parallel support columns (3) and a plurality of support plates (2) perpendicular to the support columns, the support columns and the support plates are connected to form a frame structure, and the first component, the second component, the first extrusion component and the second extrusion component are all connected to the corresponding support plates.

8. The three-stage extrusion solid-liquid separation device for kitchen waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: There are three support plates connecting the first component and the second component. The three support plates are parallel to each other and are divided into two parts, one part is used to fix the first component, and the other part is used to connect the second component. Support blocks (13) are fixed on the opposite surfaces of the two support plates connecting the second component. The support blocks are ring-shaped, and each support block is composed of two half rings.

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