Garbage incinerator grate with high temperature resistant and anti-abrasion coating on the surface and preparation thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of surface engineering technology, and relates to a waste incinerator grate plate having a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface, the grate plate comprising a grate plate substrate, a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area of ​​the grate plate, and a high-density TiCNiMo metal ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the high wear area of ​​the grate plate. The grate plate has excellent high-temperature wear resistance, can meet the harsh service conditions in the waste incinerator, and has a long service life. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned waste incinerator grate plate, which has a simple process and low cost, and can simultaneously generate a metal ceramic coating during the casting process of the waste incinerator grate plate, and has the advantages of energy saving, rapidity and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering, and relates to a garbage incinerator grate sheet with a high-temperature resistant and abrasion-resistant coating on the surface and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The grate plates of the garbage incinerator push the burning garbage under the conditions of high temperature, corrosive gas and friction and wear in the furnace, and the surface in contact with the garbage is severely abraded. The service life of the grate plates of domestic garbage incinerators is short (7-10 months), which affects the long-term stable use of the incinerator. It is urgent to improve the design, materials, and processes to increase the service life of the grate plates. Summary of the invention

[0003] One of the purposes of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a waste incinerator grate plate having a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface. The coating on the surface of the grate plate has excellent high-temperature wear resistance, can meet the harsh service conditions in the waste incinerator, and improve the service life of the grate plate.

[0004] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned waste incinerator grate plate. The method has a simple process and low cost. A metal ceramic coating can be simultaneously generated during the casting process of the waste incinerator grate plate, and has the advantages of energy saving, rapidity and high efficiency.

[0005] To this end, the first aspect of the present invention provides a waste incinerator grate plate having a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface, which includes a grate plate substrate, a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area of ​​the grate plate, and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the high-wear area of ​​the grate plate.

[0006] According to the present invention, the non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the grate plate substrate; the high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the grate plate substrate.

[0007] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the high wear area of ​​the grate plate is located at the front curved part of the grate plate, and the common wear area of ​​the grate plate is located at the flat plate part of the grate plate.

[0008] In some other specific embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is 1-2±0.2 mm; the thickness of the high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is 1-2±0.2 mm.

[0009] In the present invention, the grate plate is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a waste incinerator grate sheet having a high temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface as described in the first aspect of the present invention, which comprises:

[0011] Step B, mixing TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder with water glass to form a TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material;

[0012] Step C, uniformly coating the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material on the inner surface of the liquid forging die for forming the grate sheet corresponding to the common wear area of ​​the grate sheet, and after drying, forming the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating;

[0013] Step D, cold pressing the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder into TiCNiMo tablets;

[0014] Step E, bonding the TiCNiMo pressed sheet to the position corresponding to the high abrasion area of ​​the grate sheet on the inner surface of the liquid die forging die of the grate sheet using water glass;

[0015] Step F, pouring molten steel into the mold according to a conventional liquid die forging process, the molten steel contacts the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating to initiate a self-propagating reaction, the molten steel and the coating are welded together due to the high temperature, and then quickly pressurizing at the pouring riser and maintaining the pressure for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, a grate sheet is obtained in which a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area, and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is coated on the surface of the high wear area.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating is 2-3±0.2 mm.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the TiCNiMo pressed sheet is 1-2±0.2 mm.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step F, the pressure holding time is 3-5 minutes.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the density of the TiCNiMo pellets is 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the corresponding mixed powder.

[0020] According to the method of the present invention, the method for preparing TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder further comprises step A: mixing C powder, Ti powder, Ni powder and Mo powder and then ball-milling them to prepare TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder, the atomic ratio of the C powder to the Ti powder is 1:1, the amount of the Ni powder is 5wt% of the total weight of the C powder and the Ti powder, and the amount of the Mo powder is 5wt% of the total weight of the C powder and the Ti powder.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material, the amount of water glass used is 15wt%-20wt% of the total weight of TiCNiMo.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The present invention mixes TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material prepared according to the self-propagating reaction principle with water glass and evenly applies it to the inner surface of the common wear area of ​​the grate sheet in the liquid die forging die. At the same time, the evenly mixed TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material is cold pressed into a sheet, and then bonded to the inner surface of the severe wear area in the die with water glass, and then cast and liquid die forged. When the grate sheet is made, a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal ceramic-based composite material coating is melt-coated on the surface of the common wear area of ​​the grate sheet and a high-density TiCNiMo metal ceramic-based composite material coating is melt-coated on the surface of the high wear area of ​​the grate sheet, thereby making a garbage incinerator grate sheet with a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface. The coating on the surface of the grate sheet has excellent high-temperature wear resistance, can meet the harsh service conditions in the garbage incinerator, and improves the service life of the grate sheet. The manufacturing method is simple in process and low in cost. The metal ceramic coating can be generated simultaneously during casting and forming, and has the advantages of high coating bonding strength, energy saving, rapidity and high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 The invention discloses a garbage incinerator grate plate with a high-temperature resistant and abrasion resistant coating on the surface.

[0027] Figure 1 The meanings of the reference numerals in the figures are: 1 grate plate (substrate); 11 flat portion of the grate plate; 12 front curved portion of the grate plate; 21 non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating; 22 high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, before describing the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described. It should also be understood that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, preferred methods and materials are now described.

[0030] I. Terminology

[0031] Liquid die forging: Liquid die forging is an emerging metal forming process that has both casting characteristics and is similar to die forging. It is to pour a certain amount of molten metal directly into a cavity coated with lubricant, and continuously apply mechanical static pressure, using the easy flow of metal casting solidification and forging technology to make the solidified hard shell plastically deformed, so that the metal crystallizes and solidifies under pressure and forcibly eliminates shrinkage cavities and shrinkage formed by solidification shrinkage, so as to obtain liquid die forging parts without casting defects.

[0032] The term "self-propagating reaction" used in the present invention refers to a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis reaction; the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), also known as combustion synthesis technology, is a technology that utilizes the self-heating and self-conduction effects of high chemical reaction heat between reactants to synthesize materials. Once the reactants are ignited, they will automatically propagate to the unreacted area until the reaction is complete. It is a new method for preparing inorganic compound high-temperature materials.

[0033] II. Implementation Plan

[0034] As mentioned above, the surface of the grate plates of the garbage incinerator in contact with the garbage is severely corroded, and the service life of the grate plates of the domestically produced garbage incinerator is short (7-10 months), which affects the long-term stable use of the incinerator. It is urgent to improve the service life of the grate plates through improvements in design, materials, and processes. In view of this, the inventors have conducted a lot of research on the anti-corrosion technology of the grate plates of the garbage incinerator.

[0035] The inventors of the present invention have studied and designed and found that the grate plate material 1Cr18Ni9Ti is formed by liquid die forging; Ti+C+Ni+Mo=TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material is prepared according to the principle of self-propagating reaction, mixed evenly, added with water glass to mix evenly, and evenly coated on the inner surface of the liquid die forging die; after drying, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel is poured according to the conventional liquid die forging process; the molten steel contacts the Ti+C+Ni+Mo powder coated on the inner surface of the liquid die forging die to induce a self-propagating reaction; the molten steel and TiCNiMo are welded to form a metallurgical bond, and a TiCNiMo metal ceramic-based composite material coating is formed on the surface of the grate plate; after pouring, pressurization is immediately applied for liquid die forging. For the parts with serious abrasion, in order to improve the local wear resistance, the above-mentioned mixed material is not coated on the parts. Before pouring molten steel, the uniformly mixed Ti+C+Ni+Mo powder material is cold-pressed into a sheet with a thickness of about 1-2 mm, and the pressing density is 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the corresponding mixed powder. After being bonded to the corresponding part of the mold with water glass, it is poured and liquid-forged to produce a garbage incinerator grate sheet with a high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant coating on the surface, and thus the present invention is obtained.

[0036] Therefore, the first aspect of the present invention relates to a waste incinerator grate having a high temperature resistant and abrasion resistant coating on the surface. Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 It can be seen that the waste incinerator grate plate with a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface includes a grate plate substrate 1, a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 21 coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area of ​​the grate plate, and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 22 coated on the surface of the high wear area of ​​the grate plate.

[0037] According to the present invention, the non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 21 is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the grate plate substrate; the high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 22 is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the grate plate substrate.

[0038] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the high wear area of ​​the grate plate is located at the front curved portion 12 of the grate plate, and the common wear area of ​​the grate plate is located at the flat plate portion 11 of the grate plate.

[0039] Those skilled in the art should understand that the so-called "front curved portion of the grate plate" in the present invention actually refers to the entire front heating surface of the grate plate.

[0040] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is 1-2±0.2 mm; the thickness of the high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is 1-2±0.2 mm.

[0041] In the present invention, the grate plate is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti.

[0042] The second aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preparing a waste incinerator grate sheet having a high temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface as described in the first aspect of the present invention, which can be understood as a method for preparing a high temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface of a waste incinerator grate sheet, and can also be understood as a method for solving the problem of high temperature resistance and anti-wear of a waste incinerator grate sheet. The method is based on the grate sheet being made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and liquid die forging, and comprises:

[0043] Step A, preparing Ti+C+Ni+Mo=TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material according to the principle of self-propagating reaction: 250 mesh C powder and Ti powder are prepared according to the atomic ratio of 1:1, 5wt% 200 mesh Ni powder and 5wt% Mo powder are added to the total weight of C powder and Ti powder, and ball milling is carried out for 8-9 hours to prepare TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder (TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material);

[0044] Step B, mixing 15wt%-20wt% of water glass in the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder to form a TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material;

[0045] Step C, uniformly coating the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material on the inner surface of the liquid die forging die for forming the grate sheet corresponding to the common wear area of ​​the grate sheet, and after drying, forming the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating, and making the thickness of the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating be 2-3±0.2mm;

[0046] Step D, cold pressing the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder into a TiCNiMo tablet, and making the thickness of the TiCNiMo tablet be 1-2±0.2 mm, and the density of the TiCNiMo tablet be 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the corresponding mixed powder;

[0047] Step E, bonding the TiCNiMo pressed sheet to the position corresponding to the high abrasion area of ​​the grate sheet on the inner surface of the liquid die forging die of the grate sheet using water glass;

[0048] Step F, pouring 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel into the mold according to the conventional liquid die forging process, the 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating to initiate a self-propagating reaction, the molten steel and the coating are welded together due to the high temperature, and then the pouring riser is rapidly pressurized and maintained for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, a grate sheet is obtained in which a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating with a thickness of 1-2±0.2mm is coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area, and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating with a thickness of 1-2±0.2mm is coated on the surface of the high wear area.

[0049] Specifically, in the above step F, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel is poured into the mold according to the conventional liquid die forging process, and the 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts with TiCNiMo self-propagating powder (including TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating and TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo pressed tablet) to initiate a self-propagating reaction to form a TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating, and the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, and then pressure is rapidly applied at the pouring riser and maintained for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, a grate sheet is obtained in which a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area, and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is coated on the surface of the high wear area.

[0050] Specifically, in the above step F, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel is poured into the mold according to the conventional liquid die forging process, and on the inner surface corresponding to the ordinary wear area of ​​the grate plate, the 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts the TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating to initiate a self-propagating reaction to form a TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite material coating, and the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, and then the pouring riser is rapidly pressurized and maintained for 3-5 minutes, and after cooling, a non-high-temperature composite material is obtained on the surface of the ordinary wear area. A grate plate with a dense TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite material coating; on the inner surface corresponding to the high abrasion area of ​​the grate plate, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts with TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo pressed sheet to induce a self-propagating reaction to form a TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite material coating, and the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, and then pressure is quickly applied at the pouring riser and maintained for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, a grate plate with a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite material coating coated on the surface of the high abrasion area is obtained.

[0051] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the above step F, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel is poured into the mold according to the conventional liquid die forging process, so that the 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts with TiCNiMo self-propagating powder (including TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating and TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo pressed tablet) to initiate a self-propagating reaction to form a TiCNiMo metal-ceramic matrix composite material coating, and the process of welding the molten steel and the corresponding coating together is carried out simultaneously. Similarly, when the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, the pouring riser is rapidly pressurized and maintained for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, a process is also carried out simultaneously to obtain a grate sheet having a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the ordinary abrasion area and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the high abrasion area; this process belongs to a forging process, which utilizes the easy flow of metal casting and forging technology during solidification to cause plastic deformation of the solidified hard shell, so that the metal crystallizes and solidifies under pressure and forcibly eliminates shrinkage cavities and shrinkage formed by solidification shrinkage, thereby enhancing the density of the TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating and further strengthening the metallurgical bonding between the TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating and the grate sheet. Therefore, it is easy to understand that the grate plate, the non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the ordinary wear zone (heating surface), and the high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating coated on the surface of the high wear zone (heating surface) in the present invention are obtained by pouring and initiating a self-propagating reaction and forging (liquid die forging).

[0052] As can be seen from the above, the manufacturing of the waste incinerator grate sheet with a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface in the present invention is mainly achieved by the following methods: the grate sheet is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and is formed by liquid die forging; the TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material prepared according to the self-propagating reaction principle is mixed with water glass and evenly coated on the inner surface of the common wear area of ​​the grate sheet in the liquid die forging mold, and at the same time, the evenly mixed TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material is cold-pressed into a sheet, and then bonded to the inner surface of the severe wear area in the mold with water glass, and then poured and liquid die forged. When the grate sheet is made, a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is clad on the surface of the common wear area of ​​the grate sheet and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is clad on the surface of the high wear area of ​​the grate sheet, thereby a waste incinerator grate sheet with a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface can be made.

[0053] The inventors have found that titanium carbide (TiC) is a metal ceramic with high high-temperature chemical stability, almost no chemical reaction with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and extremely corrosion-resistant. It is the best choice for the anti-wear coating on the surface of the grate plate. Titanium carbide (TiC) atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds, and the coating has high cohesive strength. It has strong anti-wear ability when used as a grate plate coating. It has high melting point, boiling point and hardness, and its hardness is second only to diamond. It has good electrical conductivity and can be used as a welding material for welding with metals. Titanium carbide is a typical transition metal carbide. It is composed of ionic bonds, covalent bonds and metallic bonds mixed in the same crystal structure. The structure of the crystal determines that it has basic characteristics such as high hardness, high melting point, wear resistance and electrical conductivity. In the past, TiC was widely used to manufacture metal ceramics, heat-resistant alloys, hard alloys, wear-resistant materials, high-temperature radiation materials and other high-temperature vacuum devices. Using it as a high-temperature abrasion-resistant coating for grate plates is a prominent substantive feature of the present invention.

[0054] The reason for choosing Ni as an additive is that Ni participates in the self-propagating high temperature synthesis reaction of Ti, C and Mo, and the reaction product is a Ni-toughened TiC-based composite material. The mechanism of Ti-C-Ni self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) is a dissolution-precipitation mechanism. The solid-state diffusion of nickel powder and titanium powder leads to the formation of a low-melting-point TiNi solution. Ti, Ni, and C powders gradually dissolve into the TiNi solution. When the concentration of Ti and C in the TiCNi solution is saturated, TiC particles are precipitated from it, and a Ni3Ti matrix that bonds the TiC particles is formed.

[0055] The addition of Mo refines the grains, improves thermal strength, and maintains sufficient strength and creep resistance at high temperatures. There are many advantages of using casting-assisted self-propagating reaction casting: (1) Energy saving: The self-propagating reaction makes full use of the heat released by the chemical reaction itself. The temperature can reach 1500-4000℃ during the synthesis process. The heat superposition with the molten steel poured during casting melts the coating. Compared with methods such as surfacing, no external energy is required; (2) Low cost: cheap raw materials, simple equipment, energy-saving process, few production personnel, and small plant area. The metal ceramics produced by self-propagating reaction have outstanding erosion resistance; they can be modified by adding fillers to make the coating material designable. Metal-ceramic matrix composites have excellent high-temperature wear resistance. They can meet the harsh service conditions in waste incinerators. Casting composites can form a metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate, and the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is high. This method is simple in process and low in cost. It can simultaneously generate metal-ceramic coatings during casting, and has the advantages of energy saving, rapidity and high efficiency.

[0056] Liquid die forging can eliminate defects such as pores, shrinkage cavities and looseness inside the workpiece, produce local plastic deformation, and make the workpiece structure dense. In addition, crystallization under pressure also has obvious effects of refining grains, accelerating solidification speed and homogenizing the structure. Therefore, the mechanical properties of liquid forgings are generally higher than those of ordinary castings, and are close to or even reach the level of forgings of the same alloy. At the same time, it does not have the anisotropy usually present in forgings. Liquid metal is formed and solidified under pressure, so that the workpiece and the cavity wall fit closely. The air gap between the dies is reduced, the thermal conductivity is increased, the solidification speed is accelerated, and it is conducive to grain refinement. In addition, liquid forgings have higher surface finish and dimensional accuracy, and their level can reach the level of die castings. Therefore, liquid die forging has become an important method of near-net forming. During the solidification process of liquid forgings, each part is under compressive stress, which is conducive to shrinkage compensation of the workpiece and prevention of cracks in the workpiece. Liquid die forging is carried out on a press or extrusion casting machine. It is easy to realize mechanization and automation, can greatly reduce the labor intensity of people, and improve the production environment of the workshop. Since the solidified layer produces plastic deformation, it consumes a part of energy, so the isostatic pressure value experienced by the molten metal is not fixed, but decreases with the thickening of the solidified layer. Under the action of pressure, the solid-liquid area of ​​the liquid die forging undergoes forced shrinkage. The liquid die forging of the present invention can improve the mechanical properties of the substrate, the density of the coating, and the interface bonding strength between the coating and the substrate.

[0057] III. Detection and calculation methods

[0058] The anti-abrasion performance of the grate sheet in the present invention is directly tested by utilizing the actual consumption rate in production.

[0059] The "theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the green compact" in the present invention can be calculated according to formula (1) or (2):

[0060] The theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact is ρ = 1 / (∑m i / ρ i ) (1)

[0061] In formula (1), ρ is the theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact, and the unit is g / cm 3 ;

[0062] mi is the mass fraction of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing the compact;

[0063] ρ i is the density of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing the compact, in g / cm 3 ;

[0064] Theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact ρ = ∑V i ×ρ i (2)

[0065] In formula (2), ρ is the theoretical density of the powder corresponding to the compact, and the unit is g / cm 3 ;

[0066] V i is the volume fraction of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing compacts;

[0067] ρ i is the density of element i in the mixed powder (corresponding powder) for preparing the compact, in g / cm 3 .

[0068] Example

[0069] In order to make the present invention easier to understand, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, which are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention. The raw materials or components used in the present invention can be obtained through commercial channels or conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0070] Embodiment 1:

[0071] (1) 250 mesh C powder and Ti powder are prepared in an atomic ratio of 1:1, and 5 wt% Ni powder (200 mesh) and 5 wt% Mo powder (200 mesh) are added to the total weight of the C powder and the Ti powder, and ball milled for 8-9 hours to obtain a TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder;

[0072] (2) adding an appropriate amount (20 wt % of the total weight of TiCNiMo) of water glass into the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder to form a TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material;

[0073] (3) evenly coating the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material on the inner surface of the grate plate liquid die forging die corresponding to the common wear area of ​​the grate plate with a thickness of 3±0.2 mm to form a TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating;

[0074] (4) For the seriously abraded parts, in order to improve the local abrasion resistance, the above-mentioned mixed material is not applied to the parts. Before pouring the molten steel, the uniformly mixed Ti+C+Ni+Mo powder (i.e., TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder) is cold pressed into a sheet (pressed sheet) with a thickness of 2±0.2 mm and a density of 60%-80% of its theoretical density, and is bonded to the corresponding part of the mold (the part of the inner surface of the liquid die forging mold corresponding to the high abrasion area of ​​the grate sheet) with water glass;

[0075] (5) After the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating is dried, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel is poured into the mold according to the conventional liquid die forging process; on the inner surface corresponding to the common wear area of ​​the grate plate, the 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts the TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating to induce a self-propagating reaction, forming a TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite coating, and the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, and then the pouring riser is rapidly pressurized and the pressure is maintained for 3-5 minutes for forging, and after cooling, a 2±0.2 thick layer is formed on the surface of the common wear area. mm non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating of the grate plate; on the inner surface corresponding to the high-abrasion area of ​​the grate plate, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts with TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo pressed sheet to induce a self-propagating reaction to form a TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating, and the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, and then pressure is quickly applied at the pouring riser and the pressure is maintained for 3-5 minutes for forging, and after cooling, a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating with a thickness of 2±0.2mm is formed on the surface of the high-abrasion area.

[0076] The waste incinerator grate plate with a high temperature resistant and abrasion resistant coating on the surface prepared in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 It can be seen that the waste incinerator grate plate with a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface includes a grate plate substrate 1, a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 21 coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area of ​​the grate plate (the flat plate part 11 of the grate plate), and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 22 coated on the surface of the high-wear area of ​​the grate plate (the front curved part 12 of the grate plate).

[0077] The actual consumption rate in production is directly used to test the high temperature and abrasion resistance of the waste incinerator grate plate with a high temperature and abrasion resistant coating on the surface in this embodiment. The results show that the grate plate in this embodiment has good high temperature (800-900°C) abrasion resistance, and its service life is about 5-10 times that of the original grate plate (the service life of the domestic waste incinerator grate plate is 7-10 months).

[0078] Embodiment 2:

[0079] (1) 250 mesh C powder and Ti powder are prepared in an atomic ratio of 1:1, and 5 wt% Ni powder (200 mesh) and 5 wt% Mo powder (200 mesh) are added to the total weight of the C powder and the Ti powder, and ball milled for 8-9 hours to obtain a TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder;

[0080] (2) adding an appropriate amount (15wt% of the total weight of TiCNiMo) of water glass into the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder to form a TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material;

[0081] (3) evenly coating the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material on the inner surface of the grate plate liquid die forging die corresponding to the common wear area of ​​the grate plate with a thickness of 2±0.2 mm to form a TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating;

[0082] (4) For the seriously abraded parts, in order to improve the local abrasion resistance, the above-mentioned mixed material is not applied to the parts. Before pouring the molten steel, the uniformly mixed Ti+C+Ni+Mo powder (i.e., TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder) is cold pressed into a sheet (pressed sheet) with a thickness of 1±0.2 mm and a density of 60%-80% of its theoretical density, and is bonded to the corresponding part of the mold (the part of the inner surface of the liquid die forging mold corresponding to the high abrasion area of ​​the grate sheet) with water glass;

[0083] (5) After the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating is dried, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel is poured into the mold according to the conventional liquid die forging process; on the inner surface corresponding to the common wear area of ​​the grate plate, the 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts the TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating to induce a self-propagating reaction, forming a TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite coating, and the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, and then the pouring riser is rapidly pressurized and the pressure is maintained for 3-5 minutes for forging, and after cooling, a 1±0.2 thick layer is formed on the surface of the common wear area. mm non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating of the grate plate; on the inner surface corresponding to the high-abrasion area of ​​the grate plate, 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel contacts with TiCNiMo powder in the TiCNiMo pressed sheet to induce a self-propagating reaction to form a TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating, and the molten steel and the corresponding coating are welded together, and then pressure is quickly applied at the pouring riser and the pressure is maintained for 3-5 minutes for forging, and after cooling, a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating with a thickness of 1±0.2mm is formed on the surface of the high-abrasion area.

[0084] The waste incinerator grate plate with a high temperature resistant and abrasion resistant coating on the surface prepared in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 It can be seen that the waste incinerator grate plate with a high-temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface includes a grate plate substrate 1, a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 21 coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area of ​​the grate plate (the flat plate part 11 of the grate plate), and a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating 22 coated on the surface of the high-wear area of ​​the grate plate (the front curved part 12 of the grate plate).

[0085] The actual consumption rate in production is directly used to test the high-temperature and anti-abrasion resistance of the waste incinerator grate plate with a high-temperature and anti-abrasion coating on the surface in this embodiment. The results show that the grate plate in this embodiment has good high-temperature (800-900°C) anti-abrasion resistance, and its service life is about 5-8 times that of the original grate plate (the service life of the domestic waste incinerator grate plate is 7-10 months).

[0086] It should be noted that the embodiments described above are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to typical embodiments, but it should be understood that the words used therein are descriptive and explanatory words, rather than restrictive words. The present invention may be modified as specified within the scope of the claims of the present invention, and the present invention may be revised without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the present invention described therein relates to specific methods, materials and embodiments, it does not mean that the present invention is limited to the specific examples disclosed therein, on the contrary, the present invention can be extended to all other methods and applications with the same functions.

Claims

1. A waste incinerator grate plate with a high temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface, comprising a grate plate substrate, a non-high density TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite material coating coated on the surface of the ordinary wear area of ​​the grate plate, and a high density TiCNiMo metal ceramic matrix composite material coating coated on the surface of the high wear area of ​​the grate plate; The non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the grate plate substrate; the high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is metallurgically bonded to the surface of the grate plate substrate; and / or, the high-abrasion area of ​​the grate plate is located at the front curved part of the grate plate, and the ordinary abrasion area of ​​the grate plate is located at the flat part of the grate plate; the thickness of the non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is 1-2±0.2mm; the thickness of the high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating is 1-2±0.2mm; the grate plate material is 1Cr18Ni9Ti; The waste incinerator grate sheet with a high temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface is made by uniformly coating the TiCNiMo self-propagating powder material with water glass on the inner surface of the grate sheet corresponding to the common wear area in the liquid die forging die, and bonding the TiCNiMo pressed sheet to the inner surface of the severe wear area in the die with water glass, and then performing casting and liquid die forging; In the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder, the atomic ratio of C powder to Ti powder is 1:1, the amount of Ni powder is 5wt% of the total weight of C powder and Ti powder, and the amount of Mo powder is 5wt% of the total weight of C powder and Ti powder; The density of the TiCNiMo tablet is 60%-80% of the theoretical density of the corresponding mixed powder.

2. The method for preparing a waste incinerator grate sheet having a high temperature resistant and anti-wear coating on the surface as claimed in claim 1, comprising: Step B, mixing TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder with water glass to form a TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material; Step C, uniformly coating the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material on the inner surface of the liquid forging die for forming the grate sheet corresponding to the common wear area of ​​the grate sheet, and after drying, forming the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating; Step D, cold pressing the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder into TiCNiMo tablets; Step E, bonding the TiCNiMo pressed sheet to the position corresponding to the high abrasion area of ​​the grate sheet on the inner surface of the liquid die forging die of the grate sheet using water glass; Step F, pouring molten steel into the mold according to the conventional liquid die forging process, the molten steel contacts the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating to initiate a self-propagating reaction, the molten steel and the coating are welded together due to the high temperature, and then the pouring riser is rapidly pressurized and the pressure is maintained. After cooling, a grate sheet is obtained in which the surface of the ordinary wear area is coated with a non-high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating, and the surface of the high-wear area is coated with a high-density TiCNiMo metal-ceramic-based composite material coating.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating is 2-3±0.2 mm; and / or the thickness of the TiCNiMo pressed sheet is 1-2±0.2 mm.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step F, the pressure maintaining time is 3-5 minutes.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for preparing the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder also includes step A: mixing C powder, Ti powder, Ni powder and Mo powder and then ball-milling them to prepare the TiCNiMo self-propagating mixed powder.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the TiCNiMo self-propagating pre-coating material, the amount of water glass used is 15wt%-20wt% of the total weight of TiCNiMo.

7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The grate plate is made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti; accordingly, in step F, the molten steel is 1Cr18Ni9Ti molten steel.

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