A model teaching aid for the mechanism of action of captopril

Abstract

A model teaching aid for the mechanism of action of captopril includes a captopril module, an angiotensin-converting enzyme module, a body module, and a connecting device. The body module includes a blood vessel cross-section model, a heart cross-section model, an angiotensin I reference model, an angiotensin II reference model, a bradykinin reference model, an NO reference model, and a PGI2 reference model. The blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model are arranged on the connecting device. The angiotensin I reference model, angiotensin II reference model, and bradykinin reference model are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model. The captopril module and the angiotensin-converting enzyme module are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model. The model teaching aid of the present invention has a three-dimensional model structure and is highly intuitive, making it easier for students to deeply understand the mechanism of action of captopril, thereby facilitating the teaching of pharmacology courses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of teaching aids, and in particular to a model teaching aid for the action mechanism of captopril. Background Art

[0002] Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, commonly used to treat hypertension and chronic heart failure, and is a must-learn topic in pharmacology.

[0003] Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), also known as kininase II, primarily catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I (decapeptide) to angiotensin II (octapeptide) and inactivates bradykinin (nonapeptide) into a hepta-peptide. Angiotensin II constricts arterioles, raising blood pressure. It also stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone, which conserves sodium and excretes potassium, increasing blood volume and blood pressure. It can also promote hypertrophy and proliferation of cardiovascular vessels.

[0004] Captopril has three groups that can bind to the active site of ACE: (1) the terminal carboxyl group of proline forms an ionic bond with the positively charged site of the enzyme (arginine); (2) the carbonyl group of the peptide bond forms a hydrogen bond with the hydrogen-donating site of the enzyme; and (3) the sulfhydryl group binds to the zinc ion in the enzyme. After binding to ACE, captopril inhibits the activity of the enzyme, reducing the production of angiotensin II, thereby dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, and reducing cardiac afterload. It can also reduce aldosterone secretion, alleviate water and sodium retention, and reduce venous return to the heart, thereby reducing cardiac preload, increasing cardiac output, and promoting improvement in cardiac function and reversing cardiac vascular hypertrophy. It also reduces the degradation of bradykinin, which increases the production of NO (nitric oxide) and PGI2 (prostaglandin I2, prostacyclin), which can enhance its blood pressure-lowering, anti-cardiac insufficiency, anti-myocardial and vascular hypertrophy, and myocardial remodeling effects.

[0005] When explaining the mechanism of action of captopril, we can only use the text or pictures in pharmacology textbooks and teaching materials. This teaching method lacks intuitiveness and vividness, and students cannot fully understand the mechanism of action of captopril. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a three-dimensional model teaching aid with intuitive captopril mechanism of action.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0008] A model teaching aid for the mechanism of action of captopril comprises a captopril module, an angiotensin-converting enzyme module, a body module and a connecting device, wherein the body module comprises a blood vessel cross-section model, a heart cross-section model, an angiotensin I reference model, an angiotensin II reference model, a bradykinin reference model, an NO reference model and a PGI2 reference model; the blood vessel cross-section device and the heart cross-section device are arranged on the connecting device, the angiotensin I reference model, angiotensin II reference model and bradykinin reference model are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model, the NO reference model and the PGI2 reference model are arranged inside the bradykinin reference model, and the captopril module and the angiotensin-converting enzyme module are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model.

[0009] Furthermore, the blood vessel cross-sectional model includes an outer ring and an inner ring. The outer ring is fixed in size, and the inner ring is arranged inside the outer ring. The inner ring is a spiral circular ring body that is bent around a circle, and the two joint parts of the ring body are staggered and connected.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner ring is connected to the outer ring through a connecting part fixed to the connecting device and the inner ring is arranged inside the outer ring. The connecting part clamps the two joints of the inner ring body inside it, and fixes one joint of the inner ring to the connecting part through a fixing device, and the other joint is suspended in the air.

[0011] Furthermore, a retaining device is provided on the upper part of the blood vessel cross-sectional model. The retaining device is composed of two retaining plates, which make the inner ring and the outer ring in the same longitudinal plane. The retaining device does not affect the elastic expansion and contraction of the inner ring; the distance between the inner ring and the outer ring represents the thickness of the blood vessel wall.

[0012] Furthermore, the heart cross-sectional model includes a heart-shaped outer frame and a heart-shaped inner frame. The heart-shaped outer frame is fixed in size, and the heart-shaped inner frame is arranged inside the heart-shaped outer frame. The heart-shaped inner frame is a spiral heart-shaped ring body that is bent around a circle, and the two joints of the ring body are staggered and connected.

[0013] Furthermore, the heart-shaped inner frame is connected to the heart-shaped outer frame through a connecting portion fixedly connected to the connecting device and the heart-shaped inner frame is arranged inside the heart-shaped outer frame. The connecting portion clamps the two joints of the heart-shaped inner frame ring body inside it, and one joint of the heart-shaped inner frame is fixed to the connecting portion through a fixing device, and the other joint is suspended in the air.

[0014] Furthermore, a retaining device is also provided on the upper portion of the heart cross-section model; the distance between the heart-shaped inner frame and the heart-shaped outer frame represents the thickness of the heart wall.

[0015] Furthermore, the angiotensin I reference model is a chain consisting of 10 beads, and the angiotensin I reference model is set inside the inner ring of the vascular cross-section model and inside the heart-shaped inner frame of the heart cross-section model. The chain consisting of 10 beads is arranged in a straight line to form a straight chain 1 that can generate support force, and the length of the straight chain 1 is greater than the inner diameter of the inner ring and the length of the widest part of the heart-shaped inner frame. The length of the widest part of the heart-shaped inner frame refers to the maximum length of the line connecting any two points on the heart-shaped inner frame. Value, inside the inner ring, the straight chain 1 is fixed at both ends to the inner ring through the center of the inner ring, and inside the heart-shaped inner frame, the straight chain 1 is fixed at both ends to the inner frame through the widest part of the heart-shaped inner frame; the ends of the 10 beads of the straight chain 1 are fixed by magnetic attraction between the 8th and 9th beads, and the other beads are fixedly connected; the angiotensin II reference model, that is, the chain composed of 8 beads, is the end of the 10 beads of the straight chain 1. After the connection between the 8th and 9th beads is broken, the end is removed. The straight chain 2 formed by two beads has a length less than the inner diameter of the inner ring and the length of the widest part of the heart-shaped inner frame; the bradykinin reference model is a chain composed of 9 beads, and the connection between the 9 beads is a magnetic connection without supporting force. The bradykinin reference model is connected to the inner ring and the heart-shaped inner frame through a flexible line; the NO reference model is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the PGI2 reference model is a column with a side chain and a regular pentagonal cross section. The rectangular parallelepiped and the column are arranged in 9 The interior of one or more beads in the chain of beads, and the beads containing the rectangular blocks and pillars are hollow beads with doors. Since NO and PGI2 are relatively small molecules, they are designed as small three-dimensional structures and placed inside the bradykinin model. This means that after captopril binds to ACE, the degradation of bradykinin is reduced, and bradykinin can increase the production of NO and PGI2. When explaining the production of NO and PGI2, the beads containing the rectangular blocks and pillars can be opened;

[0016] Furthermore, the angiotensin-converting enzyme module is a rectangular parallelepiped and has three depressions of different shapes at its bottom, representing the enzyme's positive charge site (arginine), hydrogen supply site and zinc ion respectively. The depression is provided with a magnet or a metal that can be attracted to a magnet. The depression at the zinc ion is in the shape of an inward-concave cutter, which is used to cut between the 8th and 9th beads of a chain of 10 angiotensin I fixed by magnetic attraction, catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I (10 peptides) into angiotensin II (8 peptides); it can also be used to cut off the two peptides at the C-terminus of bradykinin in a chain of 9 beads to form an inactivated peptide of a chain of 7 beads. The zinc ion site in the enzyme is the most active, so choosing to design the zinc ion site into a cutter shape can be more vivid. The diagram shows the enzyme cutting reaction process, while the cutting process with a cutter is for illustration only. After cutting, the attraction between the 8th and 9th beads can be manually disconnected. After the chain composed of 10 beads is converted into a chain composed of 8 beads, the supporting effect of the pair of inner rings of the straight chain and the heart-shaped inner frame disappears, and the inner ring returns to its original shape, i.e., a spiral circular ring body that has been bent around once, and the two joints of the ring body are staggered and connected, and the distance between the inner ring and the outer ring becomes larger, indicating that the blood vessels are contracted and the tube walls are thickened. The heart-shaped inner frame returns to its original shape, i.e., a spiral heart-shaped ring body that has been bent around once, and the two joints of the ring body are staggered and connected, and the distance between the heart-shaped inner frame and the heart-shaped outer frame becomes larger, indicating that the heart wall is thickened. The angiotensin-converting enzyme module and the captopril module are arranged inside the inner ring and the heart-shaped inner frame through flexible lines.

[0017] Furthermore, the captopril module is a long chain with three protrusions extending therefrom that cooperate with the depressions and represent the terminal carboxyl group of proline, the carbonyl group of the peptide bond, and the thiol group, respectively. The protrusions are provided with a magnet or a metal that can be attracted to a magnet, which is used to combine the captopril module with the angiotensin-converting enzyme module by magnetic attraction, representing the reaction between ACE and captopril, so that the positive charge site (arginine), hydrogen supply site, and zinc ion active site represented by the depression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme module are combined with the terminal carboxyl group of proline, the carbonyl group of the peptide bond, and the thiol group represented by the protrusions of the captopril module, thereby inactivating ACE.

[0018] Furthermore, the connecting device is a base fixing device, and the blood vessel cross-section device and the heart cross-section device are arranged on the base fixing device through a bracket.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: the model teaching aid of the mechanism of action of captopril of the present invention is a three-dimensional model structure, which is intuitive, and can also improve students' hands-on ability, deepen their memory, and enable students to have a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of captopril, which is helpful for the teaching of pharmacology courses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the model teaching aid without the administration of captopril;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a model teaching aid for administering captopril;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view of the enlarged structure of the S part in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view of the enlarged structure of the S part in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 2 The enlarged structural diagram of part A in the middle also shows a schematic structure of the beaded door opening structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, a model teaching aid for the mechanism of action of captopril includes a captopril module 1, an angiotensin converting enzyme module 2, a body module 3 and a connecting device 4, wherein the body module 3 includes a blood vessel cross-section model 31, a heart cross-section model 32, an angiotensin I reference model 33, angiotensin II reference model 34, a bradykinin reference model 35, an NO reference model 36 and a PGI2 reference model 37, the blood vessel cross-section model 31 and the heart cross-section model 32 are arranged on the connecting device 4, the angiotensin I reference model 33, angiotensin II reference model 34 and bradykinin reference model 35 are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model 31 and the heart cross-section model 32, the NO reference model 36 and the PGI2 reference model 37 are arranged inside the bradykinin reference model 35, and the captopril module 1 and the angiotensin converting enzyme module 2 are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model 31 and the heart cross-section model 32.

[0027] Furthermore, the blood vessel cross-section model 31 includes an outer ring 311 and an inner ring 312. The outer ring 311 is made of hard material to ensure that its size is fixed. The inner ring 312 is arranged inside the outer ring 311. The inner ring 312 is a spiral circular ring body that is bent around one circle. The two joints 312-1 and 312-2 of the ring body are staggered and connected. Figure 3 shown.

[0028] Furthermore, the inner ring 312 is connected to the outer ring 311 via a connecting portion 41 fixedly connected to the connecting device 4 and the inner ring 312 is arranged inside the outer ring 311. The connecting portion 41 is arranged at the bottom of the blood vessel cross-sectional model 31 and is fixedly connected to the outer ring 311. The connecting portion 41 clamps the two joints 312-1 and 312-2 of the inner ring 312 inside, and a joint 312-1 of the inner ring 312 is fixed to the connecting portion 41 via a fixing device 313. Another joint 312-2 is suspended in the air; a retaining device 5 is provided on the upper part of the blood vessel cross-sectional model 31, and the retaining device 5 includes two retaining plates fixed on both sides of the outer ring 311, which clamp the upper part of the inner ring 312 inside. The retaining device 5 is used to stabilize the inner ring 312 so that the inner ring 312 and the outer ring 311 are in the same longitudinal plane, but the retaining device 5 does not affect the elastic expansion and contraction of the inner ring 312; the distance between the inner ring 312 and the outer ring 311 represents the thickness of the blood vessel wall.

[0029] Furthermore, the heart cross-sectional model 32 includes a heart-shaped outer frame 321 and a heart-shaped inner frame 322. The heart-shaped outer frame 321 is fixed in size, and the heart-shaped inner frame 322 is arranged inside the heart-shaped outer frame 321. The heart-shaped inner frame 322 is a spiral heart-shaped ring body that is bent around a circle, and the two joint parts of the ring body have the same structure as the two joint parts of the inner ring 312.

[0030] Furthermore, the heart-shaped inner frame 322 is connected to the heart-shaped outer frame 321 through a connecting portion 41 fixedly connected to the connecting device 4 and the heart-shaped inner frame 322 is arranged inside the heart-shaped outer frame 321. The connecting portion 41 is arranged at the bottom of the heart cross-sectional model 32 and fixedly connected to the heart-shaped outer frame 321. The connecting portion 41 clamps the two joints of the heart-shaped inner frame 322 ring body inside it, and fixes one joint of the heart-shaped inner frame 322 to the connecting portion 41 through a fixing device, and the other joint is suspended in the air; a retaining device 5 is also provided on the upper part of the heart cross-sectional model 32; the distance between the heart-shaped inner frame 322 and the heart-shaped outer frame 321 represents the thickness of the heart wall. In view of the fact that the frame shape is proportional to the cross section of a real heart, its cross-section is asymmetrical and its structure is complex, and the thickness between the inner and outer frames is difficult to express, the present invention uses a heart-shaped outer frame 321 and a heart-shaped inner frame 322 to represent the shape of the cross section of the heart, which has a simple structure, strong intuitiveness, and is easy to operate; the above-mentioned inner ring 312 / heart-shaped inner frame 322 has a certain elasticity / stretching performance, that is, the spiral circular / heart-shaped ring body that is bent around a circle and the two joints are staggered and connected can expand or reduce the diameter of the ring body by applying force. When the diameter of the ring body is expanded by applying force, the two joints are separated, that is, Figure 2The inner ring 312 / heart-shaped inner frame 322 shown in the figure is supported by the angiotensin I reference model 33, so that the diameter of the ring body is expanded, the distance between the inner ring 312 / heart-shaped inner frame 322 and the outer ring 311 / heart-shaped outer frame 321 is reduced, and the two joints are separated. The structure of the ring body joint is as shown in the present invention. Figure 4 As shown; after the force disappears, the inner ring 312 / heart-shaped inner frame 322 returns to its original shape, that is, the spiral circular / heart-shaped ring body that has been bent around a circle and the two joint parts of the ring body are staggered, that is Figure 1 The inner ring 312 / heart-shaped inner frame 322 structure shown in the figure is restored to its original state at the two joints. Figure 3 shown.

[0031] Furthermore, the angiotensin I reference model 33 is a chain consisting of 10 beads, and the angiotensin I reference model 33 is arranged inside the inner ring 312 of the vascular cross-section model and inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322 of the heart cross-section model. The chain consisting of 10 beads is arranged in a straight line to form a straight chain 1 that can generate support force, and the length of the straight chain 1 is greater than the inner diameter of the inner ring 312 and the length of the widest part inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322. The length of the widest part inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322 refers to the maximum value of the line connecting any two points on the heart-shaped inner frame 322. Inside the inner ring 312, the straight chain 1 passes through the inner ring 312. The center of the circle fixes the two ends respectively inside the inner ring 312, and the connection between the straight chain 1 and the inner ring 312 is a bendable connection; inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322, the straight chain 1 fixes the two ends respectively inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322 through the widest part inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322, and the connection between the straight chain 1 and the heart-shaped inner frame 322 is a bendable connection; the ends of the 10 beads of the straight chain 1 are fixed by magnetic attraction between the 8th and 9th beads 331, and the other beads are fixedly connected; the angiotensin I reference model 33 inside the inner ring 312 and the heart-shaped inner frame 322 is an angiotensin I reference model 33 with the same structure. For the convenience of explanation, the present invention is attached. Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The angiotensin I reference model 33 inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322 is designed to be larger than the angiotensin I reference model 33 inside the inner ring 312. It is actually an angiotensin I reference model with the same structure, and forms a straight chain 1 with the same structure. The angiotensin II reference model 34, i.e., a chain composed of 8 beads, is a straight chain 2 formed by removing the two beads at the end of the 10 beads of the straight chain 1 after the connection 331 between the 8th and 9th beads is broken. The length of the straight chain 2 is less than the inner diameter of the inner ring 312 and the length of the widest part inside the heart-shaped inner frame 322. The bradykinin reference model 35 is a chain composed of 9 beads, and the connection between the 9 beads is a magnetic connection without support force. The bradykinin reference model 35 is connected to the inner ring 312 and the heart-shaped inner frame 322 through a flexible line. Figure 5 As shown, the NO reference model 36 is a cuboid, and the PGI2 reference model 37 is a column with a side chain and a regular pentagonal cross-section. The cuboid and column are arranged inside one or more beads of a chain composed of 9 beads, and the beads containing the cuboid and column are hollow beads with doors. Since NO and PGI2 are both relatively small molecules, they are designed as small three-dimensional structures and arranged inside the bradykinin reference model 35, which represents that the degradation of bradykinin is reduced after captopril binds to ACE. Bradykinin can increase the production of NO and PGI2. When explaining the production of NO and PGI2, the beads containing the cuboid and column can be opened to display the NO reference model and the PGI2 reference model. The above all use a straight chain to represent many angiotensin I molecules, angiotensin II molecules or bradykinin molecules in blood vessels and heart cavities. Therefore, the support of a pair of blood vessel walls or heart walls by a straight chain should not be regarded as one but should be understood as many chains acting in different directions.

[0032] Furthermore, the angiotensin converting enzyme module 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped and has three depressions of different shapes at its bottom, representing the positive charge site (arginine) 21, the hydrogen supply site 22 and the zinc ion 23 of the enzyme respectively. The depression is provided with a magnet or a metal that can be attracted to a magnet. The depression at the zinc ion 23 is in the shape of an inward-concave cutter, which is used to cut 331 between the 8th and 9th beads of angiotensin I fixed by magnetic attraction in a chain of 10 beads, catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I (10 peptides) into angiotensin II (8 peptides); it can also be used to cut off the two peptides at the C-terminus of bradykinin in a chain of 9 beads to form an inactivated peptide of a chain of 7 beads. The zinc ion 23 site in the enzyme has the strongest activity, so the zinc ion site is designed to be in the shape of a cutter to more vividly represent the enzyme cleavage reaction process, and the cutting process is only for illustration. After cutting, The connection 331 between the 8th and 9th beads is manually disconnected. After the chain of 10 beads is converted into a chain of 8 beads, the supporting function of the pair of inner rings 312 of the straight chain and the heart-shaped inner frame 322 disappears. After the bradykinin is inactivated, the production of NO and PGI2, which dilate the blood vessels, cannot be increased. The inner ring 312 returns to its original shape, i.e., a spiral circular ring that has been bent once, and the two joints of the ring are staggered and connected. The distance between the inner ring and the outer ring increases, indicating that angiotensin II causes blood vessel contraction and wall thickening. The heart-shaped inner frame 322 returns to its original shape, i.e., a spiral heart-shaped ring that has been bent once, and the two joints of the ring are staggered and connected. The distance between the heart-shaped inner frame and the heart-shaped outer frame increases, indicating that angiotensin II causes the heart wall to thicken. The angiotensin-converting enzyme module 2 and the captopril module 1 are arranged inside the inner ring 312 and the heart-shaped inner frame 322 via the flexible wire 24.

[0033] Furthermore, the captopril module 1 is a long chain with three protrusions extending therefrom that cooperate with the depressions and represent the terminal carboxyl group 11 of proline, the carbonyl group 12 of the peptide bond, and the thiol group 13, respectively. The protrusions are provided with magnets or metals that can be attracted to magnets, which are used to combine the captopril module 1 with the angiotensin-converting enzyme module 2 by magnetic attraction, representing the reaction between ACE and captopril, so that the positive charge site (arginine) 21, hydrogen supply site 22, and zinc ion 23 active sites represented by the depressions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme module 2 are combined with the terminal carboxyl group 11 of proline, the carbonyl group 12 of the peptide bond, and the thiol group 13 represented by the protrusions of the captopril module 1, thereby inactivating ACE, reducing the production of angiotensin II and the degradation of bradykinin, and subsequently increasing the production of NO and PGI2, thereby dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, improving cardiac function, and reversing hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the heart and blood vessel walls.

[0034] Furthermore, the connecting device 4 is a base fixing device, and the blood vessel cross-section model 31 and the heart cross-section model 32 are set on the base fixing device through a bracket 42.

Claims

1. A model teaching aid for the mechanism of action of captopril, characterized by: It includes a captopril module, an angiotensin converting enzyme module, a body module and a connecting device, wherein the body module includes a blood vessel cross-section model, a heart cross-section model, an angiotensin I reference model, an angiotensin II reference model, a bradykinin reference model, an NO reference model and a PGI2 reference model, the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model are arranged on the connecting device, the angiotensin I reference model, angiotensin II reference model and bradykinin reference model are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model, the NO reference model and the PGI2 reference model are arranged inside the bradykinin reference model, and the captopril module and the angiotensin converting enzyme module are arranged inside the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model; The blood vessel cross-sectional model includes an outer ring and an inner ring. The outer ring is fixed in size, and the inner ring is arranged inside the outer ring. The inner ring is a spiral circular ring body that curves around once, and the two joints of the ring body are staggered and connected. The inner ring is connected to the outer ring through a connecting portion fixed to a connecting device and the inner ring is arranged inside the outer ring. The connecting portion clamps the two joints of the inner ring body therein, and a fixing device is used to fix one joint of the inner ring to the connecting portion, while the other joint is suspended in the air. The heart cross-section model includes a heart-shaped outer frame and a heart-shaped inner frame. The heart-shaped outer frame is fixed in size, and the heart-shaped inner frame is arranged inside the heart-shaped outer frame. The heart-shaped inner frame is a spiral heart-shaped ring body that is bent once, and the two joints of the ring body are staggered and connected. The heart-shaped inner frame is connected to the heart-shaped outer frame through a connecting portion fixed to a connecting device and is arranged inside the heart-shaped outer frame. The connecting portion clamps the two joints of the heart-shaped inner frame ring body therein, and a fixing device is used to fix one joint of the heart-shaped inner frame to the connecting portion, and the other joint is suspended in the air. The angiotensin I reference model is a chain consisting of 10 beads. The angiotensin I reference model is arranged inside the inner ring of the vascular cross-section model and inside the heart-shaped inner frame of the heart cross-section model. The chain consisting of 10 beads is arranged in a straight line to form a straight chain 1 that can generate support force, and the length of the straight chain 1 is greater than the inner diameter of the inner ring and the length of the widest part of the heart-shaped inner frame. Inside the inner ring, the straight chain 1 fixes both ends to the inner ring through the center of the inner ring. Inside the heart-shaped inner frame, the straight chain 1 fixes both ends to the inner frame through the widest part of the heart-shaped inner frame. The ends of the 10 beads of the straight chain 1 are fixed by magnetic attraction between the 8th and 9th beads, and the other beads are fixedly connected. The angiotensin II reference model, i.e., a chain consisting of eight beads, is a linear chain 2 formed by breaking the connection between the eighth and ninth beads at the ends of the ten beads of linear chain 1 and removing the two beads at the ends. The length of linear chain 2 is less than the inner diameter of the inner ring and the length of the widest part of the heart-shaped inner frame. The NO reference model is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the PGI2 reference model is a column with a side chain and a regular pentagonal cross-section. The rectangular parallelepiped and the column are arranged inside one or more beads of a chain consisting of 9 beads, and the beads with the rectangular parallelepiped and the column inside are hollow beads with an opening. The angiotensin-converting enzyme module is a rectangular parallelepiped with three differently shaped depressions at its bottom, representing the enzyme's positive charge site, hydrogen supply site, and zinc ion site, respectively. The depressions are provided with magnets or metals that can be attracted to magnets, and the depression at the zinc ion site is in the shape of an inwardly concave cutter. The captopril module is a long chain with three protrusions extending therefrom, which match the depressions and represent the terminal carboxyl group of proline, the carbonyl group of the peptide bond and the thiol group respectively. The protrusions are provided with magnets or metals that can be attracted to magnets.

2. The model teaching aid of the mechanism of action of captopril according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bradykinin representative model is a chain consisting of 9 beads, and the connections between the 9 beads are all magnetic connections without supporting force.

3. The model teaching aid of the mechanism of action of captopril according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting device is a base fixing device, and the blood vessel cross-section model and the heart cross-section model are arranged on the base fixing device through a bracket.

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