A treatment device and treatment method for high calorific value carbon-containing solid waste

Abstract

A treatment device for high calorific value carbon-containing solid waste, characterized in that it includes a crusher, a pulping machine, a pyrolysis furnace, a cooling and drying device and a gas storage tank connected in sequence; the pyrolysis furnace has a structure with a larger middle diameter than the upper and lower end diameters, a spraying device is arranged at the middle position inside the pyrolysis furnace, and a plasma torch and a filtering device are also arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace; a slag pool is placed below the slag outlet of the pyrolysis furnace. The treatment method applicable to this device is: (1) feeding the carbon-containing solid waste into the crusher for crushing treatment; (2) feeding the crushed material into the pulping machine; (3) adding oxalic acid solution and reacting for 2 hours; (4) adding potassium hydroxide solution and reacting for 2 hours; (5) adding industrial water, heating to 80 °C, adding formaldehyde and sodium sulfite, and reacting for 1 hour; (6) adding linoleic acid and alkyl phosphocarboxylate and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a solid waste raw material pulp. (7) Feeding the solid waste raw material pulp into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis to obtain gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a treatment device for solid waste and a treatment method thereof, and particularly to a treatment device for high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste and a treatment method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Solid waste refers to solid or semi-solid waste generated by people in production, life and other activities. Broadly speaking, it can be divided into carbon-containing organic solid waste and carbon-free solid waste. With the rapid development of society and economy, the amount of solid waste in cities is increasing, causing great harm to the environment. Its harms mainly include: soil pollution, water pollution and air pollution, etc. Therefore, how to harmlessly and even resourcefully treat solid waste through reasonable means has become a hot issue in the application and development of social engineering technology today.

[0003] At present, the treatment methods for solid waste mainly include: solidification, landfill, direct incineration and pyrolysis gasification technology. Among them, for high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste, incineration power generation technology is mainly used to achieve the purpose of waste resource reuse. However, the gas generated by using this incineration technology contains a large amount of toxic components (mainly dioxins and volatile organic compounds), and heavy metal substances in the solid residual residue cause serious secondary pollution. At the same time, there is also a risk that the combustion performance of solid waste is unstable, which easily leads to the interruption of system operation. Therefore, to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a new and clean treatment method for high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] A treatment device for high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste, comprising a crusher, a pulping machine, a pyrolysis furnace, a cooling and drying device and a gas storage tank; the pyrolysis furnace has a structure with a larger diameter in the middle than at the upper and lower ends. A gas outlet is provided at the top of the pyrolysis furnace, a pyrolysis furnace feed port is provided at the middle position of the pyrolysis furnace wall, a nitrogen inlet is opened at the lower half of the pyrolysis furnace wall, a slag outlet is opened at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, a spraying device is provided at the middle position inside the pyrolysis furnace, the spraying device is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace feed port, a plasma torch is also provided inside the pyrolysis furnace, and a filtering device is provided at the top inside the pyrolysis furnace and below the gas outlet; the discharge port of the crusher is communicated with the feed port of the pulping machine, the discharge port of the pulping machine is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace feed port, the gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the inlet of the cooling and drying device, the outlet of the cooling and drying device is communicated with the gas storage tank, the outlet of the gas storage tank is communicated with the gas device, and a slag pool is placed below the slag outlet of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0006] Further, the longitudinal section of the pyrolysis furnace is diamond-shaped.

[0007] Further, the plasma torch is divided into an upper - layer plasma torch and a lower - layer plasma torch. The upper - layer plasma torch is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace above the spraying device, and the lower - layer plasma torch is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace below the spraying device.

[0008] Further, there are two sets of the upper - layer plasma torches and the lower - layer plasma torches respectively. The two sets of upper - layer plasma torches are arranged oppositely, and the two sets of lower - layer plasma torches are arranged oppositely.

[0009] Further, the cooling and drying device can also be directly connected to the gas device.

[0010] Further, the filtering device is a vibrating filter screen. The aperture of the vibrating filter screen is 0.075 mm, and the vibration frequency is 13 Hz.

[0011] A treatment method applicable to the treatment device for high - calorific - value carbon - containing solid waste described above, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0012] (1) Feed the carbon - containing solid waste into a crusher for crushing treatment, and crush the carbon - containing solid waste into waste particles with a diameter of 0.85 mm;

[0013] (2) Feed the waste particles into a pulping machine;

[0014] (3) Add an oxalic acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%. The solid - liquid ratio of the oxalic acid solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours;

[0015] (4) Add a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 8%. The solid - liquid ratio of the potassium hydroxide solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours;

[0016] (5) Add industrial water into the reacted solution according to a volume ratio of 2:1, heat it to 80 °C, add formaldehyde with a mass concentration of 5% and sodium sulfite with a mass concentration of 10%, and react for 1 hour;

[0017] (6) Add an antifoaming agent made of linoleic acid with a mass concentration of 20% and alkyl phosphocarboxylate with a mass concentration of 5%. The volume ratios of both the linoleic acid solution and the alkyl phosphocarboxylic acid solution to the solution obtained in step (5) are 1:40, and react for 2 hours to obtain a solid - waste raw material pulp.

[0018] (7) Feed the solid - waste raw material pulp into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis. The obtained gas enters the cooling and drying device for cooling and drying, and then is sent to a gas storage tank for storage and then enters the gas device for use, or is directly sent to the gas device for use.

[0019] Further, the diameter of the solid - waste raw material pulp particles entering the pyrolysis furnace is 4 - 5 mm.

[0020] The solid waste is dried in its natural state, with the water content required to be less than 5%. Then the dried solid waste enters a crusher, and after crushing, waste particles with a diameter of about 0.85 mm are formed. Subsequently, it enters a pulping device. The pulping device has the function of adjusting temperature and can automatically raise the temperature according to the requirements of the production process. The specific process of the pulping process is as follows: Add an oxalic acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, and the solid-liquid ratio of the oxalic acid solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours; add a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 8%, and the solid-liquid ratio of the potassium hydroxide solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours; add industrial water to the reacted solution according to a volume ratio of 2:1, heat to 80 °C, add formaldehyde with a mass concentration of 5% and sodium sulfite with a mass concentration of 10%, and react for 1 hour; add an antifoaming agent made of linoleic acid with a mass concentration of 20% and alkyl phosphocarboxylate with a mass concentration of 5%. The linoleic acid solution and the alkyl phosphocarboxylic acid solution are both in a volume ratio of 1:40 to the obtained solution, and react for 2 hours to obtain the solid waste raw material pulp.

[0021] The pyrolysis furnace has a structure with a large middle diameter and small upper and lower diameters. It is divided into upper and lower layers from the middle, and the slurry spraying device is installed in the middle of the pyrolysis furnace. The lower-layer plasma torch and the upper-layer plasma torch are symmetrically installed in the upper and lower layers of the pyrolysis furnace respectively. The nitrogen inlet is arranged below the lower-layer ion torch to ensure an inert atmosphere in the pyrolysis furnace. Their specific positions can be determined according to the specific engineering needs. At the same time, a filtering device is installed at the top of the pyrolysis furnace. The filtering device selects a vibrating filter screen with a pore diameter of 0.075 mm and a frequency of 13 Hz to prevent a small amount of dust from clogging. A slag pool is provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace to collect the remaining residues after the pyrolysis gasification of the solid waste.

[0022] The solid waste raw pulp is sprayed into the pyrolysis furnace through the spraying device. After being heated by the lower-layer plasma torch, it undergoes pyrolysis gasification in an inert atmosphere. The produced combustible gas is further purified by the upper-layer plasma torch and then enters the cooling and drying device through the vibrating filter screen. The solid waste residue falls into the slag pool due to the action of gravity. The combustible gas enters the gas device for combustion after further cooling and drying. The heat generated after combustion can be further used for power generation to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy. At the same time, a gas storage tank is set at the intermediate position between the cooling and drying device and the gas device. The gas storage tank can collect the excess pyrolysis gasification products when the gas device is at a low load, which is used to maintain the operating conditions of the gas device or the gas supply during the ignition process of the gas device.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. The pyrolysis furnace is heated by a plasma torch. After the original slurry of solid waste is heated by the plasma, glassy crystalline residues are formed, thereby fixing the heavy metal substances in the residues to prevent secondary pollution. At the same time, the gas products pass through the upper and lower plasma torches, and the harmful components in them can be effectively decomposed at high temperature, achieving the effect of clean gas products;

[0025] 2. The pyrolysis furnace uses the raw material slurry of solid waste as the raw material for pyrolysis gasification, does not require additional steam as the gasification agent, and has a large contact area between the solid and liquid, improving the gasification efficiency. At the same time, due to the small volume of the liquid particles in the raw material slurry, they are in full contact with the heat source, thereby further improving the energy utilization rate;

[0026] 3. The electricity generated by the gas device after power generation can directly provide electrical energy for the entire system or can be used as commercial electricity, bringing certain economic benefits to the enterprise;

[0027] 4. The structure of the pyrolysis furnace gradually decreases in space from the middle to the upper and lower ends. Therefore, the air flow velocity distribution in the furnace body is the lowest in the middle and gradually increases towards the two ends in turn. This can increase the air resistance of the raw material slurry flowing from the middle to the lower layer, increase the residence time of the material in the heating area, and improve the pyrolysis gasification efficiency. At the same time, due to the small air flow velocity in the middle, it can prevent the dust with smaller mass in the lower layer from flowing into the top. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Crusher; 2. Pulping machine; 3. Pyrolysis furnace; 4. Spraying device; 5. Lower torch; 6. Upper torch; 7. Filter device; 8. Slag pool; 9. Nitrogen inlet; 10. Cooling and drying; 11. Gas storage tank; 12. Gas device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0030] Now, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, only illustrating the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, so they only show the components related to the present invention.

[0031] Example 1: As Figure 1 shown,

[0032] A treatment device for high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste, comprising a crusher 1, a pulping machine 2, a pyrolysis furnace 3, a cooling and drying device 10 and a gas storage tank 11; the longitudinal section of the pyrolysis furnace 3 is a rhombic structure, a gas outlet is arranged at the top of the pyrolysis furnace 3, a pyrolysis furnace feed inlet is arranged at the middle position of the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace 3, a nitrogen inlet 9 is opened at the lower half part of the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace 3, a slag outlet is opened at the bottom surface of the pyrolysis furnace 3, a spraying device 4 is arranged at the middle position inside the pyrolysis furnace 3, the spraying device 4 is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace feed inlet, a plasma torch is also arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace 3, the plasma torch is divided into an upper-layer plasma torch 6 and a lower-layer plasma torch 5, the upper-layer plasma torch 6 is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace 3 above the spraying device 4, and the lower-layer plasma torch 5 is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace below the spraying device 4. A filtering device 7 is arranged at the top inside the pyrolysis furnace 3 and below the gas outlet, the filtering device 7 adopts a vibrating filter screen, the aperture of the vibrating filter screen is 0.075 mm, and the vibrating frequency is 13 Hz; the discharge port of the crusher 1 is communicated with the feed inlet of the pulping machine 2, the discharge port of the pulping machine 2 is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace feed inlet, the gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace 3 is communicated with the inlet of the cooling and drying device 10, the outlet of the cooling and drying device 10 is communicated with the gas storage tank 11, the outlet of the gas storage tank 11 is communicated with a gas device 12, and the cooling and drying device 10 can also be directly communicated with the gas device 12. A slag pool 8 is placed below the slag outlet of the pyrolysis furnace 3.

[0033] A treatment method applicable to the treatment device for the above-mentioned high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) Feed the carbon-containing solid waste into the crusher 1 for crushing treatment, and crush the carbon-containing solid waste into waste particles with a diameter of 0.85 mm;

[0035] (2) Feed the waste particles into the pulping machine 2;

[0036] (3) Add an oxalic acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, the solid-liquid ratio of the oxalic acid solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours;

[0037] (4) Add a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 8%, the solid-liquid ratio of the potassium hydroxide solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours;

[0038] (5) Add industrial water in a volume ratio of 2:1 to the reacted solution, heat to 80 °C, add formaldehyde with a mass concentration of 5% and sodium sulfite with a mass concentration of 10%, and react for 1 hour;

[0039] (6) Add an antifoaming agent made of linoleic acid with a mass concentration of 20% and alkyl phosphocarboxylate with a mass concentration of 5%. The volume ratio of the linoleic acid solution and the alkyl phosphocarboxylic acid solution to the solution obtained in step (5) is both 1:40, and react for 2 hours to obtain a solid waste raw material pulp.

[0040] (7) Feed the solid waste raw material pulp into the pyrolysis furnace 3 for pyrolysis. The particle diameter of the solid waste raw material pulp entering the pyrolysis furnace 3 is 4 - 5 mm. The obtained gas enters the cooling and drying device 10 for cooling and drying, and then is sent to the gas storage tank 11 for storage and then enters the gas device 12 for use, or is directly sent into the gas device 12 for use.

[0041] The carbon-containing solid waste is dried in its natural state, and the water content is required to be less than 5%. Then the dried solid waste enters the crusher 1, and after crushing, waste particles with a diameter of about 0.85 mm are formed, and then enter the pulping device 2. The pulping device 2 has the function of adjusting the temperature and can automatically increase the temperature according to the requirements of the production process. The specific process of the pulping process is as follows: add an oxalic acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, and the solid-liquid ratio of the oxalic acid solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours; add a potassium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 8%, and the solid-liquid ratio of the potassium hydroxide solution to the waste particles is 10 ml / g, and react for 2 hours; add industrial water in a volume ratio of 2:1 to the reacted solution, heat to 80 °C, add formaldehyde with a mass concentration of 5% and sodium sulfite with a mass concentration of 10%, and react for 1 hour; add an antifoaming agent made of linoleic acid with a mass concentration of 20% and alkyl phosphocarboxylate with a mass concentration of 5%. The volume ratio of the linoleic acid solution and the alkyl phosphocarboxylic acid solution to the obtained solution is both 1:40, and react for 2 hours to obtain a solid waste raw material pulp.

[0042] The pyrolysis furnace 3 has a structure with a larger middle diameter and smaller upper and lower diameters. It is divided into upper and lower layers from the middle. The spraying device 4 is installed in the middle of the pyrolysis furnace 3. The lower-layer plasma torch 5 and the upper-layer plasma torch 6 are respectively symmetrically installed on the lower side wall and the upper side wall of the pyrolysis furnace 3. The nitrogen inlet 9 is arranged below the lower-layer ion torch 5 to ensure an inert atmosphere in the pyrolysis furnace 3. Their specific positions can be determined according to the specific engineering needs. At the same time, a filtering device is installed at the top of the pyrolysis furnace. The filtering device 7 is a vibrating filter screen with a filter screen aperture of 0.075 mm and a frequency of 13 Hz to prevent a small amount of dust from clogging. A slag pool 8 is provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace 3 to collect the remaining residue after the pyrolysis gasification of the solid waste.

[0043] The solid waste slurry is sprayed into the pyrolysis furnace 3 through the spray device 4, and after being heated by the lower plasma torch 5, it is pyrolyzed and gasified in an inert atmosphere. The generated combustible gas is further purified by the upper plasma torch 6, and then enters the cooling and drying device 10 through the filter device 7. The solid waste residue falls into the slag pool 8 due to gravity. After further cooling and drying, the combustible gas enters the gas device 12 for combustion. The heat generated after combustion can be further used for power generation to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy. At the same time, a set of gas storage tanks 11 is set in the middle position of the cooling and drying device 10 and the gas device 12. The gas storage tank 11 can collect excess pyrolysis and gasification products when the gas device 12 is under low load, and is used to maintain the operating condition of the gas device 12 or the gas supply during the ignition process of the gas device 12.

[0044] The pyrolysis furnace 3 uses a plasma torch for heating. The solid waste slurry is heated by plasma to generate glass crystal residue, thereby fixing the heavy metal substances in the residue to prevent secondary pollution. At the same time, the gas product passes through the upper and lower plasma torches, which can effectively decompose the harmful components in it at high temperature to achieve the effect of clean gas products;

[0045] The pyrolysis furnace 3 uses solid waste raw material slurry as the raw material for pyrolysis gasification, and does not need to provide additional water vapor as a gasification agent. The solid-liquid contact area is large, which improves the gasification efficiency. At the same time, since the volume of the raw material slurry liquid particles is small, it is in full contact with the heat source, thereby further improving the energy utilization rate;

[0046] The electricity generated by the gas device 12 can directly provide power for the entire system, and can also be used to provide commercial electricity, bringing certain economic benefits to the enterprise;

[0047] The space of the pyrolysis furnace 3 structure gradually decreases from the middle to the upper and lower ends, so the air flow velocity distribution in the furnace body is the lowest in the middle and gradually increases toward the two ends, so that the air resistance of the raw material slurry flowing from the middle to the lower layer can be increased, the retention time of the material in the heating area can be increased, and the pyrolysis gasification efficiency can be improved. At the same time, since the air flow velocity in the middle is relatively low, the dust with smaller mass in the lower layer can be prevented from flowing into the top.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and many variations are possible. All variations that can be directly derived or associated with the content disclosed by a person skilled in the art should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A treatment device for high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste, characterized in that: It includes a crusher, a pulping machine, a pyrolysis furnace, a cooling and drying device, and a gas storage tank; the pyrolysis furnace has a structure with a larger diameter in the middle than at the upper and lower ends. A gas outlet is provided at the top of the pyrolysis furnace. A pyrolysis furnace feed inlet is provided at the middle position of the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace. A nitrogen inlet is opened on the lower half of the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace. A slag outlet is opened on the bottom surface of the pyrolysis furnace. A spraying device is provided at the middle position inside the pyrolysis furnace. The spraying device is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace feed inlet. A plasma torch is also provided inside the pyrolysis furnace. The plasma torch is divided into an upper-layer plasma torch and a lower-layer plasma torch. The upper-layer plasma torch is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace above the spraying device, and the lower-layer plasma torch is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace below the spraying device; the upper-layer plasma torch and the lower-layer plasma torch each have two groups, and the two groups of upper-layer plasma torches are arranged oppositely, and the two groups of lower-layer plasma torches are arranged oppositely; a filtering device is provided at the top inside the pyrolysis furnace and below the gas outlet. The filtering device is a vibrating filter screen with a pore diameter of 0.075 mm and a vibration frequency of 13 Hz; the discharge port of the crusher is communicated with the feed inlet of the pulping machine, the discharge port of the pulping machine is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace feed inlet, the gas outlet of the pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the inlet of the cooling and drying device, the outlet of the cooling and drying device is communicated with the gas storage tank, the outlet of the gas storage tank is communicated with the gas device, and a slag pool is placed below the slag outlet of the pyrolysis furnace; the cooling and drying device can also be directly communicated with the gas device.

2. The treatment device for high-calorie carbon-containing solid waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the pyrolysis furnace is diamond-shaped.

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