A high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall and operation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-speed strong wave-breaking seawall and an operation method. The wave-breaking seawall includes a seawall structure, a sluice, a reservoir, a river channel and a pumping station arranged along the coast. The sluice is arranged along the axis of the seawall structure, the reservoir is arranged behind the land side of the sluice, the river channel is arranged behind the land side of the seawall structure, the pumping station is arranged at the junction of the reservoir and the river channel, and the seawall structure is mainly composed of a wave-breaking submerged dike, a main dike and a diversion channel, and the diversion channel is arranged between the wave-breaking submerged dike and the main dike. The present invention mainly consumes the incident large wave energy by constructing a high-speed water flow in front of the dike, thereby achieving the function of protecting the seawall and the protection area. The present invention has strong applicability, simple structure, durability, and can effectively improve the seawall defense standard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal engineering, and in particular relates to a high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the changes of global warming and other factors, extreme weather events have increased, the proportion of typhoons (including typhoons, severe typhoons, and super typhoons) generated from tropical cyclones has increased, and the frequency and intensity of typhoons landing in coastal areas have increased. The storm surges and typhoon waves caused by them are characterized by strong suddenness, high degree of harm, wide impact range, and long disaster chain, and are one of the most serious natural disasters. In the southeastern coastal provinces and cities, when a typhoon lands, if the astronomical tide and the typhoon surge are super-standard high tide levels, coupled with the effect of super-standard typhoon waves, seawater will overflow inland, causing a huge disaster.

[0003] Seawalls are dikes built to defend against storm surges and waves that harm the protection area. For many years, the seawall climbing and overtopping issues have been one of the most concerned hot issues in the field of coastal engineering. Climbing and overtopping are the most critical design parameters of seawall projects. Climbing refers to the height of the wave water body climbing up the front slope of the seawall, and overtopping refers to the amount of water that climbs over the top of the seawall after the wave acts on the seawall. The overtopping amount is usually expressed as the average value per unit time and unit width. The size of wave climbing and overtopping is directly related to the safety, stability and economy of the dike body and the structure behind the dike. With the continuous improvement of economic development level and people's living standards, the defense standards of seawalls are constantly improving, and the overtopping amount is allowed to be continuously reduced, which directly leads to the continuous increase of the dike top elevation. The seawall is getting bigger and higher, which directly affects the vision and perception of the people in the protection area, blocks the exchange of marine and land phases of coastal organisms, and is contrary to the purpose of "harmony between people and water" and "ecological seawall".

[0004] At present, seawalls mainly rely on large-scale face blocks to dissipate waves, and the means of dissipating waves are relatively simple. How to use new methods to dissipate waves is currently a hot topic in coastal engineering research. Therefore, how to effectively improve the defense standards of seawalls under the condition of lower levee top elevation and effectively protect the protection area under extreme conditions is a difficulty in the engineering design of a large number of seawalls and coastal disaster prevention and mitigation work today. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a high-velocity and strong wave-breaking seawall and an operation method, so as to at least solve the contradiction between the high-standard disaster prevention and mitigation functions and the beautiful ecological environment in the design and construction process of the seawall.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-flow rate and strong wave-breaking seawall, comprising: a seawall structure, a sluice, a reservoir, a river channel and a pumping station arranged along the coast, the sluice is arranged along the axis of the seawall structure, the reservoir is arranged behind the land side of the sluice, the river channel is arranged behind the land side of the seawall structure, the pumping station is arranged at the junction of the reservoir and the river channel, the seawall structure is mainly composed of a wave-breaking submerged dike, a main dike and a diversion channel, and the diversion channel is arranged between the wave-breaking submerged dike and the main dike.

[0008] Furthermore, the sea side of the wave-breaking submerged dike is mainly composed of large-pore blocks, and the land side is mainly composed of dense fillers. The top and back slope surface of the wave-breaking submerged dike are paved with smooth concrete slabs.

[0009] Furthermore, the main embankment is mainly composed of a downslope, a wave-breaking platform, an upslope, a wave-blocking wall, a embankment top road, an anti-seepage wall and embankment body filling. The downslope, wave-breaking platform, upslope, wave-blocking wall and embankment top road are connected in sequence and covered on the embankment body filling. The anti-seepage wall is arranged in the embankment body filling and is located below the embankment top road.

[0010] Furthermore, the downhill surface is paved with smooth concrete slabs, the wave-breaking platform and the uphill surface are paved with wave-breaking stones, and the road surface of the embankment top is inclined toward the reservoir behind the embankment at a predetermined slope.

[0011] Furthermore, the top elevation of the wave-breaking submerged dike is near the local average high tide level, the top elevation of the wave-breaking platform is near the local average high tide level, and the top elevation of the wave-blocking wall is designed according to the seawall's allowable overtopping of waves.

[0012] Furthermore, the diversion channel is composed of the rear slope of the wave-breaking submerged dike and the lower slope.

[0013] Furthermore, the deep groove line of the guide groove is close to the main dike side.

[0014] Furthermore, the sluice gate is mainly composed of a gate, an outer guide wall and an inner guide wall, and the gate is arranged between the outer guide wall and the inner guide wall.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer guide wall and the rear slope of the wave-breaking submerged dike are smoothly transitioned and connected, and the inner guide wall and the lower slope are smoothly transitioned and connected.

[0016] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for operating a high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: before the arrival of a big wave, open the gate to allow seawater to flow into the reservoir, and close the gate at high tide;

[0018] Step 2: When no wave overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike, the gate is closed and the pumping station is not operated;

[0019] Step 3: When overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike, the gate is closed and the pumping station is operated to pump the overtopping water in the river into the reservoir;

[0020] Step 4: Record the reservoir water level change value △H at every predetermined time △T 水库 and the river water level change value △H 河道 , then the average overtopping amount of this section of seawall within the predetermined time △T is:

[0021] Q=(△H 水库 ×S 水库 +△H 河道 ×S 河道 ) / (L×△T)

[0022] Where: Q is the average overtopping amount; S 水库 is the water area of ​​the reservoir; S 河道 is the water area of ​​the river; L is the length of the seawall over the waves;

[0023] According to the calculated average overtopping amount Q, perform the following operations:

[0024] 1) If n×Q≤Q 允许 , and the reservoir water level is lower than the designed high water level, the gate continues to be closed;

[0025] 2) If n×Q>Q 允许 , or the reservoir water level is higher than the designed high water level, the gate is opened to release water.

[0026] Where n is the safety factor considering the uneven overtopping of the seawall; Q 允许 Design seawalls to allow for overtopping;

[0027] Step 5: When no wave overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike, close the gate and the pumping station.

[0028] According to the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. Practicality. The present invention provides a high-velocity and strong wave-breaking seawall, which consumes the energy of large waves by collecting and storing small overtopping water bodies, and utilizes high-speed water flow and the structure itself in three spatial directions of the seawall structure to consume wave energy and reduce the incident wave height, thereby improving the seawall defense standard and effectively protecting the safety of the protection area behind the seawall.

[0030] 2. Durability. The present invention mainly forms a hydraulic wave-breaking seawall by constructing a high-speed water flow. The size of the seawall structure is relatively small, and the requirements for the seawall structure are not high. At the same time, hydraulic wave breaking can reduce the effect of waves on the seawall, increase the stability and safety of the seawall structure, and increase the durability of the seawall.

[0031] 3. Economical: The present invention has a simple structure, can effectively reduce the dike top elevation and seawall scale, directly reduce the seawall engineering workload, has low construction difficulty, fast construction speed, can be combined with existing seawalls, and has relatively low cost.

[0032] The device has strong applicability, simple structure, durability, and diverse uses. It can effectively consume wave energy and improve seawall defense standards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall structure viewed from above provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the effect of reducing the incident wave height by a high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] In the figure: 1. Seawall structure, 1-1. Wave-breaking submerged dike, 1-1-1. Large-pore block stone, 1-1-2. Dense filler, 1-2. Main dike, 1-2-1. Downhill, 1-2-2. Wave-breaking platform, 1-2-3. Uphill, 1-2-4. Wave-blocking wall, 1-2-5. Road on top of dike, 1-2-6. Anti-seepage wall, 1-2-7. Dike body filler, 1-3. Diversion channel, 1-3-1. Deep channel line, 2. Sluice gate, 2-1. Gate, 2-2. Outer diversion wall, 2-3. Inner diversion wall, 3. Reservoir, 4. River channel, 5. Pumping station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0040] See also Figure 1-2 The embodiment of the present invention provides a high-speed strong wave-breaking seawall, comprising: a seawall structure 1, a sluice gate 2, a reservoir 3, a river channel 4 and a pumping station 5 arranged along the coast, wherein the sluice gate 2 is arranged along the axis of the seawall structure 1, the reservoir 3 is arranged behind the land side of the sluice gate 2, and the river channel 4 is arranged behind the land side of the seawall structure 1 to facilitate the collection of overtopping water bodies, and the pumping station 5 is arranged at the junction of the reservoir 3 and the river channel 4. When the seawall structure 1 overtops waves, the water body in the river channel 4 is pumped into the reservoir 3. The seawall structure 1 is mainly composed of a wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1, a main dike 1-2 and a diversion trough 1-3, and the diversion trough 1-3 is arranged between the wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1 and the main dike 1-2, thereby forming three front and rear wave-breaking barriers.

[0041] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the sea side of the wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1 is mainly composed of large-pore blocks 1-1-1, and the land side is mainly composed of dense fillers 1-1-2. The top and rear slope surface of the wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1 are paved with smooth concrete slabs. The large-pore blocks 1-1-1 can consume part of the wave energy by using their own pores, and the dense fillers 1-1-2 facilitate the fixing of the smooth concrete slabs on the top and rear of the wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1.

[0042] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the main dike 1-2 is mainly composed of a downslope 1-2-1, a wave-breaking platform 1-2-2, an upslope 1-2-3, a wave-blocking wall 1-2-4, a dike top road 1-2-5, an anti-seepage wall 1-2-6 and a dike body filling material 1-2-7. The downslope 1-2-1, the wave-breaking platform 1-2-2, the upslope 1-2-3, the wave-blocking wall 1-2-4 and the dike top road 1-2-5 are connected in sequence and covered on the dike body filling material 1-2-7 to form a duplex seawall structure that is easy to break waves. The anti-seepage wall 1-2-6 is arranged in the dike body filling material 1-2-7 and is located below the dike top road 1-2-5, which is beneficial to preventing water seepage in front and behind the dike and improving the safety of the seawall itself.

[0043] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the surface of the downhill 1-2-1 is paved with a smooth concrete slab, and the surfaces of the wave-breaking platform 1-2-2 and the uphill 1-2-3 are paved with wave-breaking blocks, so that the incident wave energy after the action of high-speed water flow is further attenuated and the wave height is reduced. The pavement of the embankment top road 1-2-5 is inclined toward the reservoir behind the embankment 3 at a predetermined slope, so that the over-wave water can be quickly discharged into the river channel 4.

[0044] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the top elevation of the wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1 is near the local average high tide level, and the top elevation of the wave-breaking platform 1-2-2 is near the local average high tide level, which can make the high-speed water flow move along the diversion channel 1-3 as much as possible, and the top elevation of the wave-blocking wall 1-2-4 is designed according to the seawall's allowed overtopping of waves, which can not only reduce the top elevation of the main dike 1-2, but also collect enough water during small overtopping waves.

[0045] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the diversion trough 1-3 is composed of the rear slope of the wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1 and the downslope 1-2-1. The smooth concrete slabs on both sides of the slope can effectively reduce the roughness of the diversion trough 1-3, and the velocity attenuation of high-speed water flow along the way is small.

[0046] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the deep groove line 1-3-1 of the guide groove 1-3 is close to the side of the main dike 1-2, and the high-speed water flow in the guide groove 1-3 will flow along the side of the main dike 1-2, reducing the outflow loss of the high-speed water flow along the way to the open sea.

[0047] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the sluice gate 2 is mainly composed of a gate 2-1, an outer guide wall 2-2 and an inner guide wall 2-3. The gate 2-1 is arranged between the outer guide wall 2-2 and the inner guide wall 2-3 to control the flow of water in the reservoir 3 into the diversion channel 1-3.

[0048] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the outer guide wall 2-2 and the rear slope of the wave-breaking submerged dike 1-1 are smoothly transitioned and connected, and the inner guide wall 2-3 and the downslope 1-2-1 are smoothly transitioned and connected, ensuring that high-speed water flow can smoothly enter the guide groove 1-3.

[0049] The present invention mainly consumes the incident large wave energy by constructing a high-speed water flow in front of the dike, thereby achieving the function of protecting the seawall. ① When there is no overtopping on the dike top, the wave energy is consumed by the wave-breaking submerged dike and the main dike face blocks. ② When overtopping occurs on the dike top, but the overtopping amount is less than the designed allowable overtopping amount, the overtopping water body is collected by the pumping station and the reservoir, which prevents the overtopping water body from flooding the protection area behind the dike and also stores the water volume that forms the high-speed water flow. ③. When the overtopping amount is greater than the designed allowable overtopping amount, the sluice gate is opened, and the reservoir water flows into the diversion channel along the diversion wall, forming a high-speed water flow parallel to the seawall along the axis of the seawall, which is perpendicular to the wave direction of the incident wave. The high-velocity water body can effectively weaken the wave energy and reduce the wave height of the incident wave; the offshore current through the water body in the diversion channel in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the seawall interacts with the incident wave, shortening the incident wavelength, increasing the wave steepness, and making the waves easier to break and consume energy; vertically, the wave energy is consumed by the waves climbing the submerged dike and the main dike.

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for operating a high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: before a big wave arrives, open the gate 2-1 to allow seawater to flow into the reservoir 3. At high tide, close the gate 2-1 to ensure that the initial water level in the reservoir 3 is high.

[0052] Step 2: When no overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike 1-2, the gate 2-1 is closed and the pumping station 5 is not in operation. Step 3: When overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike 1-2, the gate 2-1 is closed and the pumping station 5 is operated to pump the overtopping water in the river channel 4 into the reservoir 3 to collect the overtopping water during small overtopping.

[0053] Step 4: Record the water level change value △H of the reservoir 3 at every predetermined time △T 水库 and the water level change value △H of the river channel 4 河道 , then the average overtopping amount of this section of seawall within the predetermined time △T is:

[0054] Q=△H 水库 ×S 水库 +△H 河道 ×S 河道 / (L×△T)

[0055] Where: Q is the average overtopping amount; S 水库 is the water area of ​​the reservoir 3; S 河道 is the water area of ​​the river 4; L is the length of the seawall over the waves;

[0056] According to the calculated average overtopping amount Q, perform the following operations:

[0057] 1) If n×Q≤Q允许 , and the water level of the reservoir 3 is lower than the designed high water level, the gate 2-1 continues to be closed;

[0058] 2) If n×Q>Q 允许 , or the water level of the reservoir 3 is higher than the designed high water level, the gate 2-1 is opened to release water;

[0059] Where n is the safety factor considering the uneven overtopping of the seawall; Q 允许 Design seawalls to allow for overtopping;

[0060] The seawall's wave overtopping situation is monitored at all times to ensure that when the seawall is most dangerous due to large waves, the wave energy can be dissipated by high-speed water flow to ensure the safety of the seawall and protection area.

[0061] Step 5: When no wave overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike 1-2, close the gate 2-1 and the water pumping station 5.

[0062] The specific implementation effects of the present invention in a wave tank are described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0063] A slope embankment model with a front slope of 1:3 was arranged in the water tank. A 5m wide diversion channel was set at the front of the embankment model as the longitudinal water flow area. The model scale was 40. The water depth in front of the simulated prototype embankment was d = 10m, and the flow velocity in front of the embankment was U c =0, 0.63m / s, 1.26m / s, 1.90m / s, 2.53m / s, 3.16m / s, effective wave height Hs = between 0.1m and 1.6m, average period T = 3.0s.

[0064] In order to characterize the wave dissipation effect of the seawall, the wave run-up is used to characterize the effect of waves on the seawall. Figure 3 R is the wave height under various water velocity conditions. 13％ The approximate relationship between the incident wave height Hs at each level. As can be seen from the figure, as the water velocity increases, R 13％ The linear proportionality coefficients with Hs all show a roughly decreasing trend.

[0065] Table 1 shows the wave height reduction coefficient. For the two effective wave heights of Hs = 0.2m and 0.4m, when the flow velocity reaches the fourth level velocity of 2.53m / s, the wave height reduction coefficient is lower than 0.2. When the flow velocity reaches the fifth level velocity of 3.16m / s, the wave height reduction coefficient has approached 0, and it can be considered that the wave height can be completely ignored at this time. For the effective wave height of Hs = 0.6m, when the flow velocity reaches the third level velocity of 1.90m / s, the wave height reduction coefficient is 0.54, and the wave height can be considered to be reduced by about half. When the flow velocity reaches the fifth level velocity of 3.16m / s, the wave height reduction coefficient is 0.25, and the wave height can be considered to be reduced by about three quarters. For the effective wave heights of four levels, Hs = 0.8m, 1.0m, 1.2m, and 1.4m, when the flow velocity reaches the fifth level flow velocity of 3.16m / s, the wave height reduction coefficient is between 0.43 and 0.46; the trend of the wave height reduction coefficient decreasing with the increase of water flow velocity is similar. In general, as the flow velocity in front of the dike increases, the wave height reduction coefficient decreases accordingly. The greater the wave energy consumption of the wave-breaking seawall, the smaller the incident wave height, and the higher the seawall defense standard.

[0066] Table 1 Wave height reduction coefficients at different effective wave heights and different flow velocities

[0067]

[0068] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the principles of the present invention and the claims, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall, characterized in that: include: A seawall structure (1), a sluice gate (2), a reservoir (3), a river channel (4) and a pumping station (5) are arranged along a coastline, wherein the sluice gate (2) is arranged along the axis of the seawall structure (1), the reservoir (3) is arranged behind the land side of the sluice gate (2), the river channel (4) is arranged behind the land side of the seawall structure (1), and the pumping station (5) is arranged at the junction of the reservoir (3) and the river channel (4); the seawall structure (1) mainly consists of a wave-breaking submerged dike (1-1), a main dike (1-2) and a diversion channel (1-3), and the diversion channel (1-3) is arranged between the wave-breaking submerged dike (1-1) and the main dike (1-2); The sea side of the wave-breaking submerged dike (1-1) is mainly composed of large-pore blocks (1-1-1), and the land side is mainly composed of dense filler (1-1-2). The top and back slope surface of the wave-breaking submerged dike (1-1) are paved with smooth concrete slabs. The main dike (1-2) is mainly composed of a downslope (1-2-1), a wave-breaking platform (1-2-2), an upslope (1-2-3), a wave-blocking wall (1-2-4), a dike top road (1-2-5), an anti-seepage wall (1-2-6) and a dike body filling material (1-2-7); the downslope (1-2-1), the wave-breaking platform (1-2-2), the upslope (1-2-3), the wave-blocking wall (1-2-4) and the dike top road (1-2-5) are sequentially connected and covered on the dike body filling material (1-2-7); the anti-seepage wall (1-2-6) is arranged in the dike body filling material (1-2-7) and is located below the dike top road (1-2-5); The surface of the downhill slope (1-2-1) is paved with a smooth concrete slab, the surfaces of the wave-breaking platform (1-2-2) and the uphill slope (1-2-3) are paved with wave-breaking blocks, and the road surface of the embankment top road (1-2-5) is inclined toward the reservoir behind the embankment (3) at a predetermined slope; The top elevation of the wave-breaking submerged dike (1-1) is near the local average high tide level, the top elevation of the wave-breaking platform (1-2-2) is near the local average high tide level, and the top elevation of the wave-blocking wall (1-2-4) is designed according to the seawall's allowable overtopping of waves; The sluice gate (2) mainly consists of a gate (2-1), an outer guide wall (2-2) and an inner guide wall (2-3), wherein the gate (2-1) is arranged between the outer guide wall (2-2) and the inner guide wall (2-3); The outer guide wall (2-2) and the rear slope of the wave-breaking submerged dike (1-1) are smoothly transitioned and butted, and the inner guide wall (2-3) and the lower slope (1-2-1) are smoothly transitioned and butted.

2. A high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide channel (1-3) is composed of the rear slope of the wave-breaking submerged dike (1-1) and the lower slope (1-2-1).

3. A high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep groove line (1-3-1) of the guide groove (1-3) is close to the main dike (1-2).

4. The method for operating a high-velocity strong wave-breaking seawall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: before a big wave arrives, open the gate (2-1) to allow seawater to flow into the reservoir (3); and close the gate (2-1) at high tide. Step 2: When no wave overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike (1-2), the gate (2-1) is closed and the water pumping station (5) is not operated; Step 3: When overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike (1-2), the gate (2-1) is closed, and the pumping station (5) is operated to pump the overtopping water in the river channel (4) into the reservoir (3); Step 4: Record the water level change value △H of the reservoir (3) at a predetermined time interval △T 水库 and the water level change value △H of the river channel (4) 河道 , then the average overtopping amount of this section of seawall within the predetermined time △T is: Q =(△H 水库 ×S 水库 +△H 河道 ×S 河道 ) / (L×△T) Where: Q is the average overtopping amount; S 水库 is the water area of ​​the reservoir (3); S 河道 is the water area of ​​the river (4); L is the length of the seawall over the waves; According to the average overtopping Q , do the following: 1) If n× Q≤Q 允许 , and the water level of the reservoir (3) is lower than the designed high water level, the gate (2-1) continues to be closed; 2) If n× Q>Q 允许 , or the water level of the reservoir (3) is higher than the designed high water level, the gate (2-1) is opened to release water; Among them, n is the safety factor considering the uneven overtopping of the seawall; Q 允许 Design seawalls to allow for overtopping; Step 5: When no wave overtopping occurs on the top of the main dike (1-2), the gate (2-1) and the water pumping station (5) are closed.

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