A device and method for measuring sand intensity on the leeward side of a sand dune
By setting up lawn and blocking components on the leeward side of the dunes, combined with the drone to obtain data, the problems of low accuracy and high cost in complex airflow areas of traditional measurement methods are solved, and the accurate determination of wind and sand strength and the relationship between airflow on the leeward side are achieved. research.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202011257144.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-11-10
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2040-11-10
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to accurately measure the wind sand intensity on the leeward side of the sand dunes, especially in complex airflow changes, and traditional sand collectors will affect the observation accuracy and are costly.
Design a wind and sand strength measurement device including lawn and blocking components. The lawn is equipped with multiple spaced small lawns and water leakage holes. The blocking components prevent sand loss. Cooperate with the drone to obtain image information and cover small lawns with different spacings. The reverse airflow and airflow regain the convergence and reconvergence zones to achieve accurate measurement.
Effectively retain wind and sand, accurately measure the wind and sand strength on the leeward side of the sand dune, reveal the relationship between the airflow on the leeward side and the dune morphology, improve measurement accuracy and work efficiency, and reduce costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN112393875B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wind sand intensity monitoring, and in particular relates to a device for measuring wind sand intensity on the leeward side of a sand dune and a measuring method thereof. Background Art
[0002] The movement of sand materials can be expressed to a certain extent as the process of erosion, transportation and deposition of sand particles by near-surface airflow under the condition of wind as the main driving force. The near-surface airflow of sand dunes is the main factor controlling the movement of sand particles on the surface of sand dunes. Studies on dune morphology-dynamics and sedimentology have shown that the morphological structure and movement of sand dunes in the region are closely related to the characteristics of regional near-surface airflow, topography, etc. In particular, the wind and sand activities between sand dunes are affected by the wind speed and wind direction near the surface of the leeward side of the dunes, and the intensity of wind and sand activities is relatively complex. The airflow accelerates on the windward slope of the dune and reaches the maximum value at the top of the dune. After crossing the top of the dune, the airflow will separate on the leeward side of the dune and form a separation vortex. The airflow will reattach after a certain distance. At this time, the wind speed in the leeward area has relatively complex changes in both direction and intensity. The intensity of wind and sand activities on the leeward side is the main source of sand supply to the other dune downwind, which affects the morphological development process and movement speed of the dune. Therefore, understanding the intensity of wind and sand activity downwind of sand dunes in spatial location is of great significance for understanding the development process and movement speed of sand dunes.
[0003] At present, the observation of the near-surface wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of the dunes still remains in the conventional measurement methods, such as the measurement of rotating sand collectors, BSNE sand collectors and other equipment. However, the airflow accelerates on the windward slope of the dune, reaches the maximum value at the top of the dune, and after crossing the top of the dune, the airflow will separate on the leeward side of the dune and form a separation vortex. The airflow will reattach after a certain distance. Then, the corresponding leeward area will be divided into a reverse airflow area, an airflow re-convergence area, and a re-convergence airflow area. There will be relatively complex changes in the direction and intensity of the airflow, and the intensity of the wind and sand activity will also change accordingly. At present, the use of a rotating sand collector will cause the sand collector inlet to swing in the reverse airflow area on the leeward side, affecting the measurement accuracy; secondly, the sand collector is relatively expensive and has a certain volume. The large-scale setting on the leeward side of the dune will interfere with the airflow on the leeward side of the dune, affecting the observation accuracy. Therefore, the current sand collector method cannot be used to observe the intensity of wind and sand activity in the space on the leeward side of the dune.
[0004] Wind erosion measuring rods are used to measure the wind erosion thickness and calculate the amount of wind erosion by arranging them in space. However, wind erosion measuring rods often need to measure soil bulk density at the same time, and wind erosion measuring rods only represent the wind erosion thickness at a small point, which has a certain representative error when converted to space. More importantly, wind erosion measuring rods may show wind erosion or wind accumulation as the wind erosion observation time interval changes. Wind accumulation may occur during the observation period and then wind erosion, and may show no change during measurement, which is greatly affected by the observation time interval and frequency.
[0005] Therefore, a measuring device is proposed which can measure the sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune without being affected by a variety of air currents (eddies, reverse currents) and the like. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for measuring the wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of a sand dune. The lawn can be used to effectively retain the wind and sand, and the blocking component can be used to prevent sand loss. The wind and sand intensity in the leeward area of the dune can be accurately measured. This method is of great significance for revealing the relationship between the leeward airflow and the airflow in the dune morphological area, and for studying the wind erosion of the leeward soil and the movement characteristics of sand materials.
[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a device for measuring wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of a sand dune, comprising a lawn, wherein the lawn comprises a plurality of small lawns arranged at intervals, the lawn is horizontally and fixedly laid between two sand dunes, a plurality of drainage holes are arranged at intervals on the plurality of small lawns, a blocking component for preventing sand loss is correspondingly arranged on the plurality of drainage holes, and a drone for acquiring image information is arranged vertically above the plurality of small lawns.
[0008] Beneficial effects: The lawn can effectively retain wind and sand, and cooperate with the blocking components to prevent sand loss. The wind and sand intensity in the leeward area of the dune can be accurately measured. It is of great significance to reveal the relationship between the leeward airflow and the airflow in the dune morphological area, and to study the wind erosion of the leeward soil and the movement characteristics of sand materials.
[0009] Furthermore, the plurality of small lawns are rectangular, and fixing holes for being fixed with screws are provided at the four corners of the small lawns.
[0010] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: preventing the device from being blown away by the wind, having a good fixing effect, and being easy to install and disassemble.
[0011] Furthermore, the plugging assembly includes a plugging cover and a hole buckle, the hole buckle is sleeved in the water leakage hole, and the plugging cover is covered on the hole buckle.
[0012] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is that the hole buckle protects the lawn, and the sealing cover seals the hole to prevent wind and sand from escaping and affecting the accuracy of the test data.
[0013] Furthermore, the blocking cover includes a top cover, a blocking column and an elastic protrusion, the top of the blocking column is fixedly connected to the top cover, and the elastic protrusions for snapping onto the inner wall of the hole buckle are circumferentially spaced on the side wall of the blocking column.
[0014] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: simple structure, good fixing effect, and prevention of leakage from the leakage hole.
[0015] Furthermore, the hole buckle includes a pipe sleeve, an upper annular plate and a lower annular plate. The top fixed sleeve of the pipe sleeve is provided with an upper annular plate, and the bottom fixed sleeve is provided with a lower annular plate. The diameters of the upper annular plate and the lower annular plate are equal to the inner diameter of the water leakage hole.
[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are: simple structure, the diameters of the upper annular plate and the lower annular plate are equal to the inner diameter of the leakage hole, and the screws are used to achieve good fixing effect, thereby protecting the lawn.
[0017] Furthermore, the length between the two sand dunes is L, the height of the previous sand dune is H, and the width is W, and the monitoring length and width range of the wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of the sand dune is L×(W+4H), wherein within the range of 10H from the foot of the sand dune to the downwind direction, that is, in the reverse airflow zone, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns in the reverse airflow zone are both H; within the range of 10H-10.5H downwind of the sand dune, that is, in the airflow re-convergence zone on the leeward side, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns in the airflow re-convergence zone are both H / 2, and within the range of 10.5HL downwind of the sand dune, that is, the re-convergence airflow zone on the leeward side of the sand dune, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns in the re-convergence airflow zone are both H.
[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further solution is: the areas are divided according to the distribution of airflow, and the spacing of small lawns in different areas is different, which improves the accuracy of the test.
[0019] A measurement method for using the device for measuring the sand intensity on the leeward side of a sand dune, the measurement method comprising the following steps:
[0020] S1: Select an observation point on the leeward side of the dune, lay small lawns with corresponding spacing in the reverse airflow area, airflow re-convergence area and re-convergence airflow area, and fix the small lawns with screws and fixing holes;
[0021] S2: Record the initial time, start the wind and sand intensity test, detect the wind speed and direction, as well as the near-surface sand impact energy and total number of particles on the previous dune, and record them every 5 minutes;
[0022] S3: Remove the screws on the small lawns, cover the plugging cover, number each small lawn, record the sampling time, collect the sand material of the corresponding small lawn, put it into the corresponding numbered sealed bag according to the number of the small lawn, and calculate the wind and sand activity intensity Eij per unit area per unit time at the spatial position ij;
[0023] S4: Remove the plugging cover, and then arrange the small lawn according to step S1 and conduct sampling again.
[0024] The beneficial effects are: easy operation, improved work efficiency, improved accuracy of wind and sand intensity measurement, and strong practicality.
[0025] Further, in step S3, Eij = Mij / (T·S), where Eij is the amount of wind-sand activity per unit area per unit time at the spatial position ij, g / min·cm 2 ; T is the time during the turf laying period that is greater than the sand-raising wind, unit min; Mij refers to the amount of sand g collected by the lawn turf at the spatial point ij position during the T time period; S is the turf area, unit cm 2 .
[0026] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are: convenient calculation, accurate data and high work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of observation points for wind and sand activity intensity downwind of a sand dune according to the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow changes on the leeward side of the dune;
[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lawn structure;
[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a screw;
[0031] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the water leakage holes and the fixing holes;
[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blocking cover;
[0033] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hole buckle;
[0034] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:
[0035] 1. Lawn, 11. Small lawn, 2. Sand dune, 3. Leakage hole, 4. Fixing hole, 5. Sealing cover, 51. Top cover, 52. Sealing column; 53. Elastic protrusion, 6. Hole buckle, 61. Casing, 62. Upper annular plate, 63. Lower annular plate, 7. Screw, 8. Monitoring point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0037] Example 1
[0038] like Figure 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides a sand dune leeward side wind sand intensity measurement device, comprising: lawn 1, the lawn 1 comprises a plurality of small lawns 11 arranged at intervals, the lawn 1 is horizontally fixed and laid between two sand dunes 2, a plurality of small lawns 11 are provided with a plurality of leakage holes 3 at intervals, the height of the artificial small lawn 11 is 3-5cm, and the artificial lawn 11 is cut into a size of 100m×100m or 50cm×100cm. There are 12-15 leakage holes on the lawn, the leakage holes are equipped with orifices, and the diameter is 0.5cm, and the plurality of leakage holes 3 are correspondingly provided with blocking components to prevent sand loss, and a plurality of drones for obtaining image information are provided vertically above the plurality of small lawns 11.
[0039] The present application provides a device for measuring the intensity of wind and sand on the leeward side of a dune. The device can effectively retain wind and sand through the setting of a lawn 1, and cooperate with a blocking component to prevent sand loss, and accurately measure the intensity of wind and sand in the leeward area of the dune. It is of great significance for revealing the relationship between the airflow on the leeward side and the airflow in the dune morphological area, and studying the wind erosion of the leeward side soil and the movement characteristics of sand materials.
[0040] Example 2
[0041] like Figure 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides a sand dune leeward side wind sand intensity measurement device, comprising: lawn 1, the lawn 1 comprises a plurality of small lawns 11 arranged at intervals, the lawn 1 is horizontally fixed and laid between two sand dunes 2, a plurality of small lawns 11 are provided with a plurality of leakage holes 3 at intervals, the height of the artificial small lawn 11 is 3-5cm, and the artificial lawn 11 is cut into a size of 100m×100m or 50cm×100cm. There are 12-15 leakage holes on the lawn, the leakage holes are equipped with orifices, and the diameter is 0.5cm, and the plurality of leakage holes 3 are correspondingly provided with blocking components to prevent sand loss, and a plurality of drones for obtaining image information are provided vertically above the plurality of small lawns 11.
[0042] The present application provides a device for measuring the intensity of wind and sand on the leeward side of a dune. The device can effectively retain wind and sand through the setting of a lawn 1, and cooperate with a blocking component to prevent sand loss, and accurately measure the intensity of wind and sand in the leeward area of the dune. It is of great significance for revealing the relationship between the airflow on the leeward side and the airflow in the dune morphological area, and studying the wind erosion of the leeward side soil and the movement characteristics of sand materials.
[0043] Preferably, in this embodiment, the plurality of small lawns 11 are rectangular, and fixing holes 4 are provided at the four corners of the small lawns 11, which are fixed to the ground by screws 7 to prevent being blown away by the wind, have good fixing effect, and are easy to install and disassemble.
[0044] Preferably, in this embodiment, the blocking cover 5 includes a top cover 51, a blocking column 52 and an elastic protrusion 53. The top of the blocking column 52 is fixedly connected to the top cover 51, and the side wall of the blocking column 52 is annularly spaced with the elastic protrusions 53 for snapping onto the inner wall of the hole buckle 6. It has a simple structure and a good fixing effect, and can prevent water from leaking out of the leakage hole.
[0045] Preferably, in this embodiment, the hole buckle 6 includes a pipe sleeve 61, an upper annular plate 62 and a lower annular plate 63. The top fixed sleeve of the pipe sleeve 61 is provided with an upper annular plate 62, and the bottom fixed sleeve is provided with a lower annular plate 63. The diameters of the upper annular plate 62 and the lower annular plate 63 are equal to the inner diameter of the leakage hole 3. The structure is simple, and the diameters of the upper annular plate 62 and the lower annular plate 63 are equal to the inner diameter of the leakage hole 3. Combined with the screws 7, the fixing effect is good, which plays a protective role on the lawn.
[0046] Example 3
[0047] like Figure 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides a sand dune leeward side wind sand intensity measurement device, comprising: lawn 1, the lawn 1 comprises a plurality of small lawns 11 arranged at intervals, the lawn 1 is horizontally fixed and laid between two sand dunes 2, a plurality of small lawns 11 are provided with a plurality of leakage holes 3 at intervals, the height of the artificial small lawn 11 is 3-5cm, and the artificial lawn 11 is cut into a size of 100m×100m or 50cm×100cm. There are 12-15 leakage holes on the lawn, the leakage holes are equipped with orifices, and the diameter is 0.5cm, and the plurality of leakage holes 3 are correspondingly provided with blocking components to prevent sand loss, and a plurality of drones for obtaining image information are provided vertically above the plurality of small lawns 11.
[0048] The present application provides a device for measuring the intensity of wind and sand on the leeward side of a dune. The device can effectively retain wind and sand through the setting of a lawn 1, and cooperate with a blocking component to prevent sand loss, and accurately measure the intensity of wind and sand in the leeward area of the dune. It is of great significance for revealing the relationship between the airflow on the leeward side and the airflow in the dune morphological area, and studying the wind erosion of the leeward side soil and the movement characteristics of sand materials.
[0049] Preferably, in this embodiment, the plurality of small lawns 11 are rectangular, and fixing holes 4 are provided at the four corners of the small lawns 11, which are fixed to the ground by screws 7 to prevent being blown away by the wind, have good fixing effect, and are easy to install and disassemble.
[0050] Preferably, in this embodiment, the blocking component includes a blocking cover 5 and a hole buckle 6, the hole buckle 6 is sleeved in the leakage hole 3, the blocking cover 5 is covered on the hole buckle 6, the hole buckle 6 protects the lawn 1, and the blocking cover 5 blocks the hole mouth to prevent wind and sand from escaping and affecting the accuracy of the test data.
[0051] Preferably, in this embodiment, the blocking cover 5 includes a top cover 51, a blocking column 52 and an elastic protrusion 53. The top of the blocking column 52 is fixedly connected to the top cover 51, and the side wall of the blocking column 52 is annularly spaced with the elastic protrusions 53 for snapping onto the inner wall of the hole buckle 6. It has a simple structure and a good fixing effect, and can prevent water from leaking out of the leakage hole.
[0052] Preferably, in this embodiment, the hole buckle 6 includes a pipe sleeve 61, an upper annular plate 62 and a lower annular plate 63. The top fixed sleeve of the pipe sleeve 61 is provided with an upper annular plate 62, and the bottom fixed sleeve is provided with a lower annular plate 63. The diameters of the upper annular plate 62 and the lower annular plate 63 are equal to the inner diameter of the leakage hole 3. The structure is simple, and the diameters of the upper annular plate 62 and the lower annular plate 63 are equal to the inner diameter of the leakage hole 3. Combined with the screws 7, the fixing effect is good, which plays a protective role on the lawn.
[0053] Preferably, in this embodiment, the length between the two sand dunes 2 is L, the height of the previous sand dune 2 is H, and the width is W. The monitoring length and width range of the wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of the sand dune is L×W+4H, wherein within the range of 10H from the foot of the sand dune to the downwind direction, that is, in the reverse airflow area, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns 11 in the reverse airflow area are both H; within the range of 10H-10.5H downwind of the sand dune, that is, in the airflow re-convergence area on the leeward side, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns 11 in the airflow re-convergence area are both H / 2, and within the range of 10.5HL downwind of the sand dune, that is, the re-convergence airflow area on the leeward side of the sand dune, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns 11 in the re-convergence airflow area are both H. The areas are divided according to the distribution of the airflow, and the setting spacing of the small lawns 11 in different areas is different to improve the accuracy of the test.
[0054] A measurement method for using the device for measuring the sand intensity on the leeward side of a sand dune, the measurement method comprising the following steps:
[0055] S1: Conduct on-site inspections on the leeward side of the predicted dunes, and set up no less than 9 ground control points 8 at the four corners of the aerial photography range, the four corners of the monitoring sample area and the center point for multi-period UAV image correction. Use UAV aerial photography to obtain the orthophoto of the area, extract the vegetation coverage of the test area, measure the dune spacing L and dune height H, plan the area and range of the artificial turf layout area on the image map, and within the artificial turf layout range, draw several parallel lines and vertical lines of the central axis at equal intervals of dune height 1H, where the spacing between parallel lines and vertical lines is 0.5H within 10H-10.5H, and the intersection is the layout point of the lawn. In the reverse airflow area 0-10H and the re-convergent airflow area 10.5HL, the diagonal focus of the quadrilateral formed by the adjacent four layout points is used to lay out the wind erosion intensity monitoring encryption points, obtain the positions of all monitoring points 8 and the boundary range of the lawn 1 layout on the map, and import high-precision differential GPS for on-site layout, wiring, and positioning;
[0056] S2: Record the initial time and start the wind and sand intensity test. Detect the wind speed and direction, the impact energy of sand particles near the surface, and the total number of particles on the previous dune 2, and record them every 5 minutes.
[0057] S3: Remove the screws 7 on the small lawn 11, cover the plugging cover 5, number each small lawn 11, record the sampling time, collect the sand material corresponding to the small lawn 11, put it into the corresponding numbered sealed bag according to the number of the small lawn 11, and calculate the wind and sand activity intensity Eij per unit area per unit time at the spatial position ij; Eij = Mij / (T·S), where Eij is the wind and sand activity per unit area per unit time at the spatial position ij, g / min·cm 2 ; T is the time during the turf laying period that is greater than the sand-raising wind, unit min; Mij refers to the amount of sand g collected by the lawn turf at the spatial point ij position during the T time period; S is the turf area, unit cm 2 .
[0058] S4: Remove the blocking cover 5, and then arrange the small lawn 11 according to step S1 to perform sampling again.
[0059] The above formula is used to calculate the intensity of wind and sand activity Eij at any point ij on the leeward side of the dune; the calculated data is entered into Excel, and after the longitude and latitude of the corresponding spatial points are statistically sorted, the data table should have the following fields and field type information: lawn sample point number int integer, longitude coordinate float floating point type, latitude coordinate float floating point type, sand collection weight float floating point type, sand wind time float floating point type, lawn area float floating point type, wind and sand activity intensity float floating point type, observation start date Data date, observation end date Data date, remarks txt text type. ArcMap is used to perform adjacent natural space interpolation to obtain the wind and sand activity intensity distribution map in the entire observation area.
[0060] Beneficial effects: The setting of lawn 1 can effectively retain wind-blown sand, cooperate with the blocking components to prevent sand loss, and accurately measure the wind-blown sand intensity in the leeward area of the dune. It is of great significance to reveal the relationship between the leeward airflow and the airflow in the dune morphological area, and to study the wind erosion of the leeward soil and the movement characteristics of sand materials.
[0061] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "center", "length", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "inside", "outside", "peripheral", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred system or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0062] In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0063] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0064] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for measuring the wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of a sand dune, characterized in that: include A lawn (1), the lawn (1) comprising a plurality of small lawns (11) arranged at intervals, the lawn (1) being horizontally fixed and laid between two sand dunes (2), a plurality of drainage holes (3) being arranged at intervals on the plurality of small lawns (11), a blocking component for preventing sand loss being arranged correspondingly on the plurality of drainage holes (3), and a drone for acquiring image information being arranged vertically above the plurality of small lawns (11).
2. The device for measuring sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of small lawns (11) are rectangular, and fixing holes (4) for cooperating with screws (7) for fixing are provided at the four corners of the small lawns (11).
3. The device for measuring sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plugging assembly comprises a plugging cover (5) and a hole buckle (6); the hole buckle (6) is sleeved in the water leakage hole (3), and the plugging cover (5) is covered on the hole buckle (6).
4. The device for measuring sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blocking cover (5) comprises a top cover (51), a blocking column (52) and an elastic protrusion (53); the top of the blocking column (52) is fixedly connected to the top cover (51); and the elastic protrusions (53) for snapping onto the inner wall of the hole buckle (6) are arranged at intervals in an annular direction on the side wall of the blocking column (52).
5. The device for measuring sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hole buckle (6) comprises a pipe sleeve (61), an upper annular plate (62) and a lower annular plate (63); the top fixed sleeve of the pipe sleeve (61) is provided with the upper annular plate (62), and the bottom fixed sleeve is provided with the lower annular plate (63); the diameters of the upper annular plate (62) and the lower annular plate (63) are equal to the inner diameter of the water leakage hole (3).
6. The device for measuring sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length between the two sand dunes (2) is L, the height of the previous sand dune (2) is H, and the width is W. The monitoring length and width range of the wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of the sand dune is L×(W+4H), wherein within the range of 10H from the foot of the sand dune to the downwind direction, that is, in the reverse airflow area, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns (11) in the reverse airflow area are both H; within the range of 10H-10.5H downwind of the sand dune, that is, in the airflow re-convergence area on the leeward side, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns (11) in the airflow re-convergence area are both H / 2; within the range of 10.5HL downwind of the sand dune, that is, the re-convergence airflow area on the leeward side of the sand dune, the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the two adjacent small lawns (11) in the re-convergence airflow area are both H.
7. A method for measuring the sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune using the device for measuring the sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The measurement method includes the following steps: S1: Select an observation point on the leeward side of the sand dune, lay small lawns (11) with corresponding spacing in the reverse airflow area, the airflow re-convergence area and the re-convergence airflow area, and fix the small lawns (11) through screws (7) and fixing holes (4); S2: Record the initial time and start the wind and sand intensity test. Detect the wind speed and direction, as well as the near-surface sand impact energy and total number of particles on the previous dune (2), and record them every 5 minutes. S3: Remove the screws (7) on the small lawns (11), cover the sealing cover (5), number each small lawn (11), record the sampling time, collect the sand material corresponding to the small lawn (11), put it into the corresponding numbered sealed bag according to the number of the small lawn (11), and calculate the wind and sand activity intensity Eij per unit area per unit time at the spatial position ij; S4: Remove the blocking cover (5), and then arrange the small lawn (11) according to step S1 to perform sampling again.
8. The method for measuring the wind and sand intensity on the leeward side of a dune according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, E ij =M ij / (T·S), Where E ij is the amount of wind and sand activity per unit area per unit time at the spatial position ij g / min·cm 2 ; T is the time during which the turf is laid that is greater than the sand-raising wind, in minutes; M ij It refers to the amount of sand g collected by the lawn turf at the spatial point ij during the time period T; S is the turf area, unit cm 2 .