An air flotation type garbage air separator

Abstract

The present invention relates to an air flotation type garbage air separator, comprising a bellows for providing an air separation space, an air flotation air separation unit provided in conjunction with the bellows for providing an air flotation channel for garbage and air separation, a feeding hopper for feeding materials with a bottom level not lower than that of the air flotation air separation unit, a heavy material discharging unit provided at the bottom and rear of the corresponding bellows, a light material discharging unit provided at the side of the bellows in conjunction with the air flotation air separation unit, and the air flotation air separation unit is provided in conjunction with a controller. The present invention changes the drawbacks of single air separation and short wind exposure time of traditional air separators, and through multiple air flotation and blowing and sweeping bidirectional wind action combined, the number of material air separation times is increased, the wind exposure time is greatly extended, the entrainment effect is greatly reduced, and efficient air separation is achieved; according to the operation needs, by adjusting the equipment operation parameters and achieving further refined separation of heavy objects, it is beneficial to further processing and disposal of air separation products; the structure is simple, with few moving parts, easy processing and manufacturing, and low failure rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of using airflow to convey solid materials, or diffusing solid materials in airflow for sorting, and particularly relates to an air-floating garbage air separator. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's social economy, the amount of urban domestic waste generated is increasing day by day. According to statistics, the annual output of domestic waste in my country is about 250 million tons, and the cumulative stockpile of waste around cities has reached 7 billion tons, covering an area of ​​about 800,000 acres. Almost 2 / 3 of the 661 cities are surrounded by garbage.

[0003] At present, there are more and more landfill management projects in China, among which garbage excavation and screening management is an important management method.

[0004] In the prior art, for mixed types of light and heavy materials, such as plastics, fabrics, stones and bricks, domestic garbage sorting and processing mostly uses air separators for separation; however, since ordinary air separators can only separate materials once, the wind exposure time is short and they are easily entrained, which in principle limits the further improvement of the air separation quality. Light and heavy materials are seriously mixed and the sorting quality is poor, especially when the density difference of the materials is small. In addition, ordinary air separators can only separate materials into light and heavy materials, which is difficult to separate in a fine manner, resulting in difficulties in the subsequent treatment and disposal of the air separation products.

[0005] At present, the domestic requirements for screening quality are becoming increasingly stringent. How to improve the screening quality, especially the air separation quality, has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention solves the problems in the prior art that the material of the air separator can only be air-separated once, the air exposure time is short, the material separation quality is poor, and the material can only be separated into light and heavy materials, and provides an air-floating garbage air separator with an optimized structure.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is an air flotation type garbage air separator, the air separator comprising:

[0008] A bellows, used to provide air selection space;

[0009] An air flotation and air separation unit, which is arranged in conjunction with a bellows, is used to provide an air flotation channel for the garbage and to perform air separation;

[0010] A feeding hopper for feeding materials; the horizontal position of the bottom of the feeding hopper is not lower than the air flotation air separation unit;

[0011] A heavy object discharging unit is provided at the bottom and rear of the bellows;

[0012] A light material discharging unit is provided on the side of the wind box that cooperates with the air flotation air selection unit;

[0013] The air flotation air selection unit is arranged in cooperation with a controller.

[0014] Preferably, the flotation air selection unit includes an air flotation bed arranged obliquely downward, the rear end of the air flotation bed is arranged on a bracket, and a lifting and adjusting mechanism is provided between the front end of the air flotation bed and the bracket; one or more air flotation fans are provided in conjunction with the air flotation bed, and the air flotation fans are arranged in conjunction with a controller.

[0015] Preferably, the air flotation bed comprises an outer frame, in which a plurality of slides are movably embedded; any of the slides comprises a stacked upper plate and a lower plate, a stopper is provided between the upper plate and the lower plate, the rear end of the lower plate of the preceding slide is arranged above the front end of the upper plate of the following slide, and the rear end of the lower plate of the preceding slide, the front end of the upper plate of the following slide and the outer frame form an air flotation window;

[0016] The rear end of the lower plate cooperating with any slide is arranged upward.

[0017] Preferably, a strip-shaped air flotation vent is provided at the rear end of the lower plate of any slide in the air flotation window, the strip-shaped air flotation vent is arranged at an angle to the slide corresponding to the front side, and the strip-shaped air flotation vent is connected to the output end space of the air flotation fan.

[0018] Preferably, the air flotation air selection unit further comprises a plurality of purge windows arranged on the side wall of the wind box, and the purge windows are correspondingly provided with purge fans, and the purge fans are connected to a controller; the air outlet direction of the purge fans is perpendicular to the axial direction of the wind box.

[0019] Preferably, the light object discharging unit includes a light object discharging window, which is arranged on the other side wall of the bellows relative to the purge window, and the area of ​​the light object discharging window is larger than the area of ​​the purge window; the light object discharging window is connected to the sedimentation chamber, and a belt conveyor for collecting and transporting light objects is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation chamber, and the belt conveyor is arranged in cooperation with a controller.

[0020] Preferably, a plurality of return air windows are provided at the upper portion of the settling chamber, and the return air windows are connected to the air inlet space of the flotation fan and / or the purge fan through a return air duct.

[0021] Preferably, the heavy object discharging unit comprises a discharging port arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the bellows, and a heavy object collecting hopper is arranged at the bottom of the discharging port and the air flotation air selection unit.

[0022] Preferably, a gas overflow prevention shield is provided at the inlet and / or the outlet of the wind box that cooperates with the feed hopper.

[0023] Preferably, a vibration mechanism is provided in conjunction with the air flotation air selection unit, and the vibration mechanism is arranged in conjunction with a controller.

[0024] The present invention provides an air flotation type garbage air separator with an optimized structure, which uses a bellows to provide an air separation space, and is provided with an air flotation air separation unit which provides an air flotation channel for garbage and performs air separation in cooperation with the bellows, wherein the horizontal position of the bottom is not lower than the feed hopper of the air flotation air separation unit for feeding, and heavy object discharging units are provided at the bottom and rear of the bellows, and the horizontal position of the top of the heavy object discharging unit is not higher than the air flotation air separation unit; a light object discharging unit is provided at the side of the bellows which cooperates with the air flotation air separation unit, so as to ensure that the feed hopper, the air flotation air separation unit, the light object discharging unit and the heavy object discharging unit have a top-to-bottom trend.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0026] (1) The disadvantages of traditional air separators, such as single air separation and short air exposure time, are changed. Through the combination of multiple flotation and two-way wind action, the number of material air separations is increased, the air exposure time is greatly extended, the entrainment effect is greatly reduced, and efficient air separation is achieved;

[0027] (2) According to the operation needs, by adjusting the equipment operation parameters and achieving further refined separation of heavy objects, it is beneficial to further process and dispose of the air separation products;

[0028] (3) Simple structure, few moving parts, easy processing and manufacturing, and low failure rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the light material discharging unit in the present invention with some parts omitted;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of a local air flotation bed including two slides in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of the air flotation bed including three slides in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial changes to the present invention using this concept shall be deemed as an infringement of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The present invention relates to an air flotation type garbage air separator. In the process of materials sliding down along an air flotation bed, the materials are first lifted by the high-pressure wind of an air flotation fan 1 in the vertical direction, and the lighter materials are suspended in the air, so that the light and heavy materials are initially separated. Then, the suspended materials are swept by the wind force in the horizontal direction, and the light and heavy materials are further separated. Thus, after multiple air flotations and sweeps, the light and heavy materials are effectively separated. The lighter materials enter the settling chamber 4 through the light material discharge window 3 from the air box 2, and different heavy materials are discharged through different heavy material receiving hoppers 20. The closed space formed by the air box 2 and the settling chamber 4 plays the role of limiting the movement range of the materials, collecting the materials, improving the utilization rate of the air flow, and preventing the emission of polluted gases. The feed hopper 6 plays the role of material delivery, and the settling chamber 4 and the heavy material receiving hopper 5 play the role of collecting and discharging the separated materials. By adding a heavy material receiving hopper under the air flotation window 7, the operating parameters such as the width, the height difference, and the air flotation strength of the air flotation window 7 can be adjusted to further finely separate the heavy materials.

[0035] In the present invention, the air separator comprises a wind box 2, an air flotation air separation unit, a material feeding hopper 6 and a heavy object discharging unit.

[0036] A bellows 2, used to provide air selection space;

[0037] In the present invention, the bellows 2 is used to provide the entire air selection space. Generally speaking, except for specially provided openings, the bellows is airtight to ensure that polluted gases do not overflow.

[0038] An air flotation and air separation unit is arranged in conjunction with the bellows 2 to provide an air flotation channel for the garbage and to perform air separation; the air flotation and air separation unit is arranged in conjunction with the controller.

[0039] The flotation air selection unit includes an air flotation bed 9 arranged obliquely downward, the rear end of the air flotation bed 9 is arranged on a bracket 8, and a lifting and adjusting mechanism (not shown in the figure) is provided between the front end of the air flotation bed 9 and the bracket 8; one or more air flotation fans 1 are provided in conjunction with the air flotation bed 9, and the air flotation fans 1 are arranged in conjunction with a controller.

[0040] The air flotation bed 9 includes an outer frame 10, in which a plurality of slides are movably embedded; any of the slides includes a stacked upper plate 11 and a lower plate 12, between which a stopper 13 is provided, and the rear end of the lower plate 12 of the preceding slide is disposed above the front end of the upper plate 11 of the following slide, and the rear end of the lower plate 12 of the preceding slide, the front end of the upper plate 11 of the following slide and the outer frame 10 form an air flotation window 7;

[0041] The rear end of the lower plate 12 that cooperates with any slide is arranged upward.

[0042] A strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is provided at the rear end of the lower plate 12 of any slide in the air flotation window 7 . The strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is arranged at an angle to the corresponding slide in the front side and is connected to the output end space of the air flotation fan 1 .

[0043] The air flotation air selection unit further includes a plurality of purge windows 15 arranged on the side wall of the wind box 2 , and the purge windows 15 are correspondingly provided with purge fans 16 , and the purge fans 16 are connected to a controller; the air outlet direction of the purge fans 16 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the wind box 2 .

[0044] A light material discharging unit is provided on the side of the wind box 2 that cooperates with the air flotation air selection unit;

[0045] The light material discharging unit includes a light material discharging window 3, which is arranged on the other side wall of the bellows 2 relative to the purge window 15, and the area of ​​the light material discharging window 3 is larger than the area of ​​the purge window 15; the light material discharging window 3 is connected to the sedimentation chamber 4, and a belt conveyor 17 for collecting and transporting light materials is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation chamber 4, and the belt conveyor 17 is arranged in cooperation with a controller.

[0046] A plurality of return air windows 22 are provided at the upper portion of the settling chamber 4 , and the return air windows 22 are connected to the air inlet space of the flotation fan 1 and / or the purge fan 16 through a return air pipe.

[0047] A vibration mechanism is provided in conjunction with the air flotation air selection unit, and the vibration mechanism is provided in conjunction with a controller.

[0048] In the present invention, the flotation air separation unit mainly includes two gas channels, one is the flotation bed 9 and the flotation fan 1 thereunder, which are used to perform preliminary separation of heavy objects and non-heavy objects, and the other is the purge window 15 and the purge fan 16, which are used to separate light objects.

[0049] In the present invention, the rear end of the air-floating bed 9 is arranged on the bracket 8, and a lifting and adjusting mechanism is arranged between the front end and the bracket 8, that is, the front end of the air-floating bed 9 can be lifted according to needs, so that the entire air-floating bed 9 is at a certain angle to the horizontal plane, tilted head and tail, and assisting the falling and separation of materials; wherein, the lifting and adjusting mechanism can be a telescopic adjustment screw or a jack, taking the telescopic adjustment screw as an example, that is, a screw nut pair is arranged between the front end of the air-floating bed 9 and the bracket 8, and adjusted by motor output or manual output, and the jack is the same, and technical personnel in this field can set it according to needs; in the best case, the feed hopper 6, the air-floating bed 9 and the heavy object receiving hopper 20 at the end of the air-floating bed 9 are arranged in a tilted connection from top to bottom in sequence, and the tilt angle of the air-floating bed 9 is generally 25~50°.

[0050] In the present invention, in order to ensure the flotation effect, the flotation bed 9 is provided with an outer frame 10 of a frame structure, and a plurality of slides are movably embedded inside the outer frame 10. Adjacent slides can form a sliding fit with the outer frame 10, and the adjacent slides and the outer frame 10 form an air flotation window 7. The area of ​​the air flotation window 7 can be adjusted based on the actual air selection requirements; generally speaking, the slides are 3 to 6 sections.

[0051] In the present invention, in actual operation, each slide is made of a hard and smooth material such as a steel plate, and is divided into an upper plate 11 and a lower plate 12 of an upper and lower layer. The slide is fixed in the outer frame 10 of the air flotation bed 9 by adjusting the structure such as a slide groove and a screw rod. The length of each slide can also be adjusted by adjusting the overlapping length of the upper and lower layers to adjust the spacing and width of the air flotation window 7. The adjustment of the slide in the outer frame 10 is easy to understand for those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can select the relevant mechanism to implement it according to their needs, including but not limited to In the screw rod mechanism, a simply set slide groove, etc.; generally speaking, a limiter 13 is provided between the upper plate 11 and the lower plate 12, which is used to fix the relative position between the upper plate 11 and the lower plate 12, and ensure the cooperation between the structure set upward at the rear end of the lower plate 12 and the strip-shaped air flotation vent 14, such as a baffle, an elastic member, etc.; the upper plate 11 and the lower plate 12 can both be adjustable, or the lower plate 12 can be fixed and the air flotation window 7 can be adjusted only by adjusting the upper plate 11; each section of the slide is arranged intermittently in a step-like manner, and the vertical spacing of the plane where each section of the slide is located is adjustable by 20~200mm.

[0052] In the present invention, in order to prevent heavy objects and non-heavy objects from being carried off during the separation process and to prevent materials from entering the flotation window 7, an upward structure is provided at the rear end of the lower plate 12. Generally speaking, an upwardly directed skid 18 can be provided at the rear end of the slide. The skid 18 is arc-shaped or angled, preferably arc-shaped, and the skid 18 is tilted upward by 3 to 12 degrees. The skid 18 can change the sliding direction of the material, assist the garbage to be separated to slide into the air with the help of the seesaw 18, and the non-heavy objects move backward and upward due to the action of the flotation fan 1 and the inertia of the air, and fall on the next slide, thereby preventing the non-heavy objects from falling into the flotation window 7, and preventing the materials (mainly heavy objects) from falling into the flotation window 7, entering the air duct, and blocking the air duct.

[0053] In the present invention, a strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is provided at the front end of the air flotation window 7, i.e., the rear end of the lower plate 12 of the slide. The strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is arranged at an angle to the slide corresponding to the front side. The strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is spatially connected to the output end of the air flotation fan 1. Generally speaking, the length of the strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is the same as the length of the air flotation window 7 in the same direction. The width of the strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is adjustable and is less than or equal to the width of the air flotation window 7. In principle, the strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 is upwardly tilted and forms an angle of 60 to 120 degrees with the slide on the upper side, and the elevation angle is adjustable. It can be hinged or directly set as a flexible material to adjust the width of the strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 so that the width of the strip-shaped air flotation vent 14 converges or expands within a certain range.

[0054] In the present invention, one or more flotation fans 1 are arranged at the bottom of the flotation bed 9 to output gas to the flotation bed 9 . The strip flotation vents 14 can be connected to the flotation fans 1 one by one, or multiple strip flotation vents 14 can be connected to one flotation fan 1 .

[0055] In the present invention, in fact, the air flotation window 7 includes a strip-shaped air flotation air outlet 14 and a discharge port 19, and the discharge port 19 is arranged corresponding to the heavy object receiving hopper 20 at the bottom of the air flotation air selection unit.

[0056] In the present invention, a plurality of purge windows 15 are arranged on the side wall of the bellows 2, corresponding to one or more purge fans 16. The air outlet direction of the purge fans 16 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the bellows 2. The purge windows 15 extend downward from the uppermost air flotation window 7 to the tail end of the bellows 2, and are adjustable within a pitch range of 20°. They correspond to the light object discharging window 3 of the discharging unit. The light object discharging window 3 is arranged on the other side wall of the bellows 2 relative to the purge window 15 and has an area greater than the total area of ​​each purge window 15. After the purge fan 16 is working, the light objects leave the bellows 2 through the light object discharging window 3 and fall into the sedimentation chamber 4; the sedimentation chamber 4 is arranged vertically in a T shape with the bellows 2, and the cross section is generally in an inverted trapezoidal shape. The side wall inclination angle is 60~70°, and a light object collection belt is provided at the bottom, which is driven by a belt conveyor 17.

[0057] In the present invention, in order to ensure the sedimentation effect, an isolation roller 21 can be set at the lower edge of the light material discharge window 3. The isolation roller 21 turns in the same direction as the air flow, which helps the light material enter the sedimentation chamber 4 and prevents some light materials from entering the bellows 2 due to wind swirl and mixing. According to the material size and the size of the bellows 2, the diameter of the isolation roller 21 should be large to reduce the possibility of entanglement; a scraper 5 is provided on the side of the isolation roller 21 facing the sedimentation chamber to prevent the light objects from being attached to it.

[0058] In the present invention, further, a return air window 22 is provided at the upper part of the settling chamber 4, and is connected to the air inlet space of the flotation fan 1 and / or the purge fan 16 through a return air duct, so that the air flow of the air separator forms a closed loop, weakens the return air phenomenon in the bellows 2, reduces the remixing phenomenon of light materials, prevents the escape of polluted gases, and reduces odor pollution; a filter can also be arranged at the return air window 22 to prevent light objects from entering the pipeline and then entering the fan.

[0059] In the present invention, a vibration mechanism, such as a flat plate vibrator, is provided in conjunction with the air flotation air selection unit, more precisely, in conjunction with the slide plate, to evenly distribute the material and prevent adhesion.

[0060] In the present invention, when the particle size of the material is small and the sorting quality requirement is not high, the length and width of the flotation bed 9 can be appropriately selected to be smaller, such as 800 mm in width and 1500 mm in length, and the height and width of the flotation window 7 and the purge window 15 are also reduced accordingly. Otherwise, the length and width of the flotation bed 9 should be expanded as much as possible, and accordingly, the bellows 2, the height and width of the flotation window 7 and the height of the purge window 15 should also be expanded.

[0061] In the present invention, the flotation fan 1 and the purge fan 16 can be selected from models with different wind pressures and wind volumes, and the fans are controlled by variable frequency.

[0062] A feeding hopper 6 for feeding materials; the horizontal position of the bottom of the feeding hopper 6 is not lower than the air flotation air separation unit;

[0063] A heavy object discharging unit is provided at the bottom and rear of the bellows 2;

[0064] The heavy object discharging unit comprises a discharging port 19 arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the bellows 2, and a heavy object collecting hopper 20 is arranged at the bottom of the discharging port 19 and the air flotation air selection unit.

[0065] The inlet of the wind box 2 that cooperates with the feed hopper 6 and / or the outlet 19 are provided with a gas overflow prevention cover.

[0066] In the present invention, the height of the feed hopper 6 should be as large as possible to give the material a greater falling kinetic energy, thereby facilitating the material to slide down and be evenly distributed, reducing the thickness of the material layer, and thus facilitating subsequent air separation.

[0067] In the present invention, a gas overflow prevention edge, such as a flexible sealing skirt, is provided at the inlet and / or the outlet 19 of the bellows 2 that cooperates with the feed hopper 6 to prevent the gas in the bellows 2 from escaping from the opening.

[0068] In the present invention, in principle, the horizontal position of the top of each heavy object receiving hopper 20 of the heavy object discharging unit is not higher than the corresponding position of the air flotation air separation unit.

[0069] In the present invention, controlling the operation of the whole machine by the controller is content that can be understood by those skilled in the art through the description, and those skilled in the art can set it by themselves according to the needs.

Claims

1. An air flotation type garbage air separator, characterized in that: The air separator comprises: A bellows, used to provide air selection space; An air flotation and air separation unit is arranged in conjunction with a bellows, and is used to provide an air flotation channel for garbage and to carry out air separation; the air flotation and air separation unit comprises an air flotation bed arranged obliquely downward, the air flotation bed comprises an outer frame, and a plurality of slides are movably embedded in the outer frame; any of the slides comprises a stacked upper plate and a lower plate, and a limiter is arranged between the upper plate and the lower plate, the rear end of the lower plate of the preceding slide is arranged above the front end of the upper plate of the following slide, and the rear end of the lower plate of the preceding slide, the front end of the upper plate of the following slide and the outer frame form an air flotation window; the rear end of the lower plate of any slide is arranged upward; the air flotation and air separation unit also comprises a plurality of purge windows arranged on the side wall of the bellows; A feeding hopper for feeding materials; the horizontal position of the bottom of the feeding hopper is not lower than the air flotation air separation unit; A heavy object discharging unit is provided at the bottom and rear of the bellows; A light material discharging unit is provided on the side of the wind box cooperating with the air flotation air selection unit; the light material discharging unit comprises a light material discharging window, and the light material discharging window is provided on the other side wall of the wind box relative to the purge window; The air flotation air selection unit is arranged in cooperation with a controller.

2. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the air floating bed is arranged on the bracket, and a lifting and adjusting mechanism is arranged between the front end of the air floating bed and the bracket; One or more air flotation fans are provided in conjunction with the air flotation bed, and the air flotation fans are provided in conjunction with a controller.

3. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A strip-shaped air flotation vent is provided at the rear end of the lower plate of any slide in the air flotation window. The strip-shaped air flotation vent is arranged at an angle with the slide corresponding to the front side, and the strip-shaped air flotation vent is connected to the output end space of the air flotation fan.

4. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purge window is provided with a purge fan corresponding to the purge window, and the purge fan is connected to a controller; the air outlet direction of the purge fan is perpendicular to the axial direction of the wind box.

5. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of ​​the light material discharge window is larger than the area of ​​the purge window; the light material discharge window is connected to the sedimentation chamber, and a belt conveyor for collecting and transporting light materials is provided at the bottom of the sedimentation chamber, and the belt conveyor is arranged in cooperation with a controller.

6. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of return air windows are arranged at the upper part of the settling chamber, and the return air windows are connected with the air inlet space of the flotation fan and / or the purge fan through the return air pipe.

7. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heavy object discharging unit comprises a discharging port arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the bellows, and a heavy object collecting hopper is arranged at the bottom of the air flotation air selection unit in cooperation with the discharging port.

8. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A gas overflow prevention shielding edge is provided at the material inlet and / or the material outlet of the wind box matched with the material feed hopper.

9. The air flotation type garbage winnowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vibration mechanism is provided in conjunction with the air flotation air selection unit, and the vibration mechanism is provided in conjunction with a controller.

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