A multifunctional flume system for a dual-channel eco-hydraulic experiment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-functional flume system for a dual-channel eco-hydraulics test, comprising: a reservoir; a flume filtering and flow measuring section provided on the upstream side of the reservoir; a flume body section provided upstream of the flume filtering and flow measuring section; two flume energy dissipation sections; a flume water inlet section provided below the upstream top end of the flume body section; a rotary vane type controllable tailgate provided near the downstream end of each channel of the flume body section; a flume water outlet section provided downstream of the rotary vane type controllable tailgate; a test material feeding device, comprising a rigid connection pipe, a check valve, a test material feeding bin, and a flexible connection pipe connected in sequence, wherein a pressure pump is provided in the flexible connection pipe; a programmable logic controller, whose output terminals are respectively connected to the input terminals of the rotary vane type controllable tailgate, the pressure pump, an electromagnetic valve, and a variable frequency centrifugal pump, and the input terminal of an electromagnetic flowmeter is connected to the output terminal of the programmable logic controller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention discloses a multifunctional flume system for dual-channel eco-hydraulic experiments, belonging to the field of eco-hydraulic experiments, and particularly applicable to fields such as research on the influence of flow velocity on algal growth, research on the critical flow velocity of algal scouring and shedding, and research on the movement of algal residues. Background Art

[0002] Currently, many large-scale water conveyance projects have been built at home and abroad. To ensure the water quality safety of the water supply along the water conveyance project, it is necessary to consider the prevention and control of abnormal proliferation of organisms such as algae on the canal wall of the water conveyance project.

[0003] Using water flow to scour the algae on the canal wall and accelerate the shedding and transportation of algae is one of the treatment technical means to deal with the abnormal proliferation of algae. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out relevant research on the eco-hydraulic mechanism of algae, such as research on the indoor temporary cultivation technology of attached algae, research on the growth mechanism of attached algae, research on the scouring and shedding mechanism of attached algae, and research on the movement characteristics of algal residues, etc., to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the long-term prevention and control and emergency disposal of water pollution and organisms in large-scale water conveyance projects.

[0004] On the other hand, when the currently in-situ cultivated algal samples are collected back to the laboratory, they are generally placed in a water tank for temporary cultivation. However, in a long-term static water environment, the dominant populations of attached algae will inevitably change. For example, populations that prefer a static water environment will multiply in large numbers, and populations that prefer a flowing water environment will apoptose in large numbers, resulting in a large difference between the results of the scouring and shedding tests of the collected algal samples and the on-site situation of the water conveyance project.

[0005] However, currently there is no special test flume or test facility that can carry out eco-hydraulic experiments for algae while carrying out the temporary cultivation of algae in a dynamic water environment and meeting various functional requirements such as the growth mechanism of attached algae, the scouring and shedding mechanism of attached algae, and the movement of algal residues.

[0006] Traditional hydraulic test flumes have the following defects:

[0007] 1. The designed flow velocity range of traditional indoor test flumes is small. The flow velocity of common open-channel flow flumes is generally below 0.6 m / s, and it is difficult to form a continuous change in flow velocity conditions from low flow velocity to high flow velocity, and even ultra-high flow velocity, so it is difficult to capture the critical flow velocity of algal scouring and shedding.

[0008] 2. Traditional indoor test flumes do not have the conditions for temporary cultivation of algae in a dynamic water environment.

[0009] 3. Traditional indoor test flumes do not have the conditions to simultaneously meet various eco-hydraulic experiments of algae.

[0010] 4. Traditional indoor test flumes do not have the conditions for parallel experiments.

[0011] 5. When conducting ecological hydraulic experiments related to algae in traditional indoor test flumes, the conditions for studying the influence of scale effects are not available. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Object of the Invention: Aiming at the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a multi-functional flume system for dual-channel ecological hydraulic experiments that is adjustable, controllable, and convenient to operate.

[0013] Technical Solution: A multi-functional flume system for dual-channel ecological hydraulic experiments includes:

[0014] A reservoir;

[0015] A flume filtering and water measuring section provided on the upstream side of the reservoir;

[0016] A flume body section provided upstream of the flume filtering and water measuring section. The flume body section includes two channels. The cross-section of each channel body is a rectangular cross-section. The length of each channel body is 20 - 30 m. The sides and bottom of the two channels are made of tempered glass. A snap-on movable glass cover plate is provided at the test section on the top of the two channels, and fixed glass cover plates are provided on the remaining parts of the top of the two channels. On one side wall of the test section of each channel of the flume body section, 2 - 5 algae sample slots are provided, and organic glass samples adapted to the algae sample slots are provided;

[0017] Two flume energy dissipation sections, which are closed sections with connection orifices provided at the bottom and side parts. The side parts of the flume energy dissipation sections are connected to the upstream top ends of each channel of the flume body section. An energy dissipation grid is provided at the connection between the flume energy dissipation section and the flume body section. The height of the flume energy dissipation section is higher than the height of the flume body section;

[0018] A flume water inlet section is provided below the upstream top end of the flume body section. The flume water inlet section includes a U-shaped fork pipe. The two fork pipes of the flume water inlet section are respectively connected to the bottoms of the two flume energy dissipation sections. An electromagnetic valve is installed on each fork of the U-shaped fork pipe. The two electromagnetic valves are used to respectively control the water inflow of each channel of the flume body section;

[0019] A rotary vane type controllable tail gate is provided near the downstream end of each channel of the flume body section;

[0020] A flume water outlet section is provided downstream of the rotary vane type controllable tail gate. The water outlet of the flume water outlet section is matched with the water inlet of the flume filtering and water measuring section;

[0021] The test material feeding device includes a rigid connection pipe, a check valve, a test material feeding bin, and a flexible connection pipe connected in sequence. A pressure pump is provided in the flexible connection pipe. The water inlet of the flexible connection pipe is communicated with the middle and lower part of the reservoir, and the water outlet of the rigid connection pipe is communicated with the upstream side of each channel of the water tank section.

[0022] The circulating pipe is used to send water into the water tank section. An electromagnetic valve, an electromagnetic flowmeter, and a variable frequency centrifugal pump are installed on the circulating pipe.

[0023] The programmable logic controller has its output terminals respectively connected to the input terminals of the rotary vane controllable tailgate, the pressure pump, the electromagnetic valve, and the variable frequency centrifugal pump. The input terminal of the electromagnetic flowmeter is connected to the output terminal of the programmable logic controller.

[0024] Furthermore, an intermediate partition is provided in the water tank filtering and water measuring section, which is divided into two channels. The water flows out from each channel of the water tank section and respectively flow into the corresponding channels of the water tank filtering and water measuring section, and then converge into the reservoir.

[0025] Furthermore, an algae recovery net is respectively provided in each channel of the water tank filtering and water measuring section for filtering the algae residues or test materials washed down from each channel of the water tank section. The algae recovery net is arranged at a position more than 1 m downstream of the water outlet section of the water tank.

[0026] Even further, a weir is respectively provided in each channel of the water tank filtering and water measuring section for measuring the test flow of each channel of the water tank section. The installation position of the weir is downstream of the algae recovery net, and the distance between the weir and the algae recovery net is more than 5 times the width of each channel of the water tank filtering and water measuring section.

[0027] Furthermore, the snap-on movable glass cover plate includes an upper panel, a rubber water stop cushion layer, and two snaps, where:

[0028] A rubber water stop cushion layer is provided below the upper panel;

[0029] The two sides of the upper panel are respectively connected to the snaps in an axial connection manner;

[0030] The snap is provided with a snap groove, and snap protrusions matching the snap groove are provided on the two side walls of the water tank section.

[0031] Furthermore, the height of the energy dissipation section of the water tank is 2 times the height of the water tank section communicated with it.

[0032] Further, the height of the cross-section of one channel of the water tank body section is 40 cm, and the width is 40 cm. The height of the cross-section of the other channel of the water tank body section is 20 cm, and the width is 20 cm.

[0033] Further, pressure gauges are installed on the upstream side wall of each channel of the water tank body section, and the output ends of the pressure gauges are connected to the input ends of the programmable logic controller.

[0034] Beneficial effects: The beneficial effects of the multi-functional water tank system for the two-channel ecological hydraulics test of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. By setting the side and bottom of the water tank body section as high-strength tempered glass, setting a snap-on movable glass cover plate on the top of the tank body in the test section, setting a fixed glass cover plate on the top of the tank body in the remaining part, and setting a vane-type adjustable tail gate at the downstream of each channel of the water tank body section, while realizing visual observation, it is possible to conduct open-channel flow tests under small flow velocity (0 - 0.2 m / s) and medium flow velocity (0.2 m / s - 0.6 m / s) conditions, and also conduct pressure flow tests under large flow velocity (0.6 m / s - 1.5 m / s) and super-large flow velocity (1.5 - 3.0 m / s) conditions. The adjustable range of the flow velocity covers the full flow velocity range of the actual normal operation condition and the emergency operation condition of the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and it is possible to conduct tests in a continuous flow velocity range from small to large, and effectively capture the critical flow velocity of algae scouring and shedding;

[0036] 2. By setting 2 - 5 algae sample slots on one side wall of the tank body in the test section, when conducting the critical flow velocity test of algae scouring and shedding, the in-situ cultivated algae samples can be perfectly fitted and clamped in the algae sample slots. On the one hand, it can prevent the algae samples from being washed downstream under high flow velocity conditions, and on the other hand, it can make the algae samples not protrude from the side wall of the water tank, only exposing the algae-growing part outside the side wall, better simulating the algae growth state on the side wall of the water conveyance project, and avoiding the additional water body turbulence caused by the algae samples protruding from the side wall of the water tank during the algae scouring and shedding test, which may interfere with the test results; at the same time, by supporting an acrylic glass sample with the same size as the algae sample slot, when conducting tests such as the movement of algae residues, the acrylic glass sample can be placed in the algae sample slot to make the side wall of the water tank restore surface flatness in the test section, avoiding the additional water body turbulence caused by the water flow passing through the algae sample slot section and affecting the test results of the movement of algae residues;

[0037] 3. By setting a snap-on movable glass cover plate on the top of the tank body in the test section, with the structural design of the upper panel, rubber water stop cushion layer, snap fasteners of the two snap-on movable glass cover plates, snap grooves and snap protrusions of the snap-on movable glass cover plate, when conducting the critical flow velocity test of algae scouring and shedding, it is possible to conveniently and quickly open the closed water tank body, place the algae samples in the algae sample slots, and ensure water tightness and impermeability;

[0038] 4. By setting the water tank's trough section as a dual-channel and the water inlet section as a U-shaped fork pipe, electromagnetic valves are installed at each fork of the U-shaped fork pipe, and rotary vane adjustable tail gates are respectively set at the end of each channel of the water tank's trough section. A middle partition is set in the water tank's filtration and water measurement section to divide it into two channels. Algae recovery nets and water measurement weirs are respectively set in each channel of the water tank's filtration and water measurement section, enabling the water tank of the present invention to have two independently operable circulation systems. On the one hand, when the algae samples cultured in-situ are collected back to the laboratory, they can be temporarily raised in one channel under the dynamic water environment of low-flow algae, and the other channel can be used for tests such as the appropriate flow rate for low-flow algae growth or the critical flow rate for high-flow algae scouring and shedding. On the other hand, different working condition algae hydraulic tests can also be carried out in parallel in the two channels, greatly improving the test efficiency;

[0039] 5. By setting a test material feeding device on the upstream side of each channel of the water tank's trough section, the present invention can automatically feed the tracer material for algae residues under different flow rate conditions, especially under the condition of high-flow pressurized flow. And during the feeding process, under the action of the automatic check valve and the pressure pump, the tracer material will only flow into the water tank's trough section and will not overflow in the reverse direction, thus realizing the function of studying the movement characteristics of algae residues under different flow rate conditions;

[0040] 6. The dual-channel water tank system of the present invention can meet various algae ecological hydraulic test conditions such as the temporary raising of epiphytic algae in the indoor environment, the growth mechanism of epiphytic algae, the scouring and shedding mechanism of epiphytic algae, and the research on the movement characteristics of algae residues. It is a comprehensive water tank system for multi-functional ecological hydraulic tests;

[0041] 7. The dimensions of the dual-channel rectangular water tank's trough are different. The cross-sectional dimensions of one channel are large, 40 cm high and 40 cm wide, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the other channel are small, 20 cm high and 20 cm wide. This design can be used to study the scale effect of algae ecological hydraulic tests under the condition of the same flow rate;

[0042] 8. By setting an algae recovery net in the water tank's filtration and water measurement section, it can effectively intercept the scoured and shed large algae or the tracer material for the algae residue movement test, avoiding blocking the circulation pipeline;

[0043] 9. By installing a pressure gauge on the upstream side wall of each channel of the water tank's trough section, the pressure condition of the water body in the water tank can be monitored. Especially under the condition of high-flow pressurized flow, on the one hand, the water pressure in the water tank's trough section can be controlled through the monitored value of the pressure gauge to avoid the water tank bursting due to excessive pressure. On the other hand, it can feedback and control the power of the pressure pump of the experimental material feeding device;

[0044] 10. The cross-sectional height of the energy dissipation section of the water tank is twice the height of the tank body section of the water tank in the connection channel, and an energy dissipation grid is provided at the connection between the energy dissipation section of the water tank and the tank body section of the water tank, which can effectively eliminate the pulse turbulence of the variable-frequency centrifugal pump, make the water flow stable after entering the tank body section of the water tank, and create good water flow conditions for various hydraulic experiments of algae. Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 This is a side view of a multi-functional water tank system for a two-channel algae hydraulic experiment of the present invention. Figure 1 The arrows in the flexible connection pipe and the tank body section of the water tank indicate the water flow direction.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a 3D view of a multi-functional water tank system for a two-channel algae hydraulic experiment of the present invention (the test material feeding device is not shown).

[0047] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the water tank inlet section.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the snap-on movable glass cover plate.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a split perspective view of the snap-on movable glass cover plate part.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the snap-on glass movable cover plate. Wherein:

[0051] 1 - Water tank inlet section 2 - Energy dissipation section of the water tank

[0052] 3 - Energy dissipation grid 4 - Tank body section of the water tank

[0053] 5 - Pressure gauge 6 - Snap-on movable glass cover plate

[0054] 7 - Algae sample slot 8 - Fixed glass cover plate

[0055] 9 - Rotary vane type controllable tailgate 10 - Water tank outlet section

[0056] 11 - Water tank filtration and water measurement section 12 - Intermediate partition

[0057] 13 - Algae recovery net 14 - Water measurement weir

[0058] 15 - Reservoir 16 - Electromagnetic valve

[0059] 17 - Electromagnetic flowmeter 18 - Variable-frequency centrifugal pump

[0060] 19 - Rigid connection pipe 20 - Automatic check valve

[0061] 21 - Test material feeding bin 22 - Booster pump

[0062] 23 - Flexible connection pipe 24 - Upper panel

[0063] 25 - Rubber water stop cushion layer 26 - Snap fastener

[0064] 27 - Snap fastener groove 28 - Snap fastener projection Detailed implementation manners

[0065] The following is a detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention. Specific embodiment 1

[0067] As Figures 1-6 shown, a multi - functional flume system for dual - channel ecological hydraulics experiments includes:

[0068] A reservoir 15;

[0069] A flume filtering and measuring section 11 provided on the upstream side of the reservoir 15;

[0070] A flume channel section 4 provided upstream of the flume filtering and measuring section 11. The flume channel section 4 includes two channels. The cross - section of each channel is a rectangular cross - section, and the length of each channel is 20 m. The sides and bottom of the two channels are made of tempered glass. A snap - type movable glass cover plate 6 is provided at the test section on the top of the two channels, and fixed glass cover plates 8 are provided at the remaining parts of the top of the two channels. On one side wall of each channel test section of the flume channel section 4, 2 algae sample slots 7 are provided, and are equipped with plexiglass samples adapted to the algae sample slots 7. The size of the algae sample slots 7 is adapted to the size of the in - situ cultured algae samples;

[0071] Two flume energy dissipation sections 2, which are closed sections with connection orifices provided at the bottom and side. The side of the flume energy dissipation section 2 is connected to the upstream top of the channels of the flume channel section 4. An energy dissipation grid 3 is provided at the connection between the flume energy dissipation section 2 and the flume channel section 4. The height of the flume energy dissipation section 2 is higher than the height of the flume channel section 4;

[0072] A flume water inlet section 1, provided below the upstream top of the flume channel section 4. The flume water inlet section 1 includes two fork pipes. The two fork pipes of the flume water inlet section 1 are respectively connected to the bottoms of the two flume energy dissipation sections 2. Each fork of the U - shaped fork pipe is respectively installed with an electromagnetic valve 16 ( Figure 1 not shown in the figure), and the two electromagnetic valves 16 are used to respectively control the water inflow of each channel of the flume channel section 4;

[0073] A rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9, provided near the downstream end of each channel of the flume channel section 4. When the rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 is fully open, the flow rate is the largest. When it is fully closed, the water flow can be completely controlled and the flow rate is zero;

[0074] The water outlet section 10 of the water tank is arranged downstream of the rotary vane type controllable tailgate 9, and the water outlet of the water outlet section 10 of the water tank is matched with the water inlet of the water tank filtering and water measuring section 11;

[0075] The test material feeding device includes a rigid connecting pipe 19, a check valve 20, a test material feeding bin 21, and a flexible connecting pipe 23 connected in sequence. A pressure pump 22 is arranged in the flexible connecting pipe 23. The water inlet of the flexible connecting pipe 23 is communicated with the middle and lower part of the reservoir 15, and the water outlet of the rigid connecting pipe 19 is communicated with the upstream side of the channel of the water tank body section 4. Each component of the test material feeding device is connected by a nut and a water stop rubber gasket;

[0076] The circulation pipeline is used to send water into the water tank body section 4, and an electromagnetic valve 16, an electromagnetic flowmeter 17 and a variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 are installed on the circulation pipeline;

[0077] The programmable logic controller has its output terminals respectively connected to the input terminals of the rotary vane type controllable tailgate 9, the pressure pump 22, the electromagnetic valve 16, and the variable frequency centrifugal pump 18. The input terminal of the electromagnetic flowmeter 17 is connected to the output terminal of the programmable logic controller.

[0078] Furthermore, the water tank filtering and water measuring section 11 is provided with an intermediate partition 12, which divides it into two channels. The water flowing out of each channel of the water tank body section 4 flows into the corresponding channel of the water tank filtering and water measuring section 11 respectively, and then converges into the reservoir 15.

[0079] Furthermore, algae recovery nets 13 are respectively arranged in each channel of the water tank filtering and water measuring section 11 for filtering the algae residues or test materials washed down from each channel of the water tank body section 4. The algae recovery nets 13 are arranged at a position more than 1 m downstream of the water outlet section 10 of the water tank.

[0080] Even further, water measuring weirs 14 are respectively arranged in each channel of the water tank filtering and water measuring section 11 for measuring the test flow rate of each channel of the water tank body section 4. The installation position of the water measuring weirs 14 is downstream of the algae recovery nets 13, and the distance between the water measuring weirs 14 and the algae recovery nets 13 is more than 5 times the width of each channel of the water tank filtering and water measuring section 11.

[0081] Furthermore, the snap-on movable glass cover 6 includes: an upper panel 24, a rubber water stop cushion layer 25, two snaps 26, snap grooves 27, and snap protrusions 28, wherein:

[0082] A rubber water stop cushion layer 25 is arranged below the upper panel 24;

[0083] Both sides of the upper panel 24 are respectively connected to the snaps 26 in an axial connection manner;

[0084] The buckle 26 is provided with a buckle groove 27, and buckle protrusions 28 that cooperate with the buckle groove 27 are provided on the two side sidewalls of the water tank channel section 4.

[0085] Further, the height of the energy dissipation section 2 of the water tank is twice the height of the water tank channel section 4 connected thereto.

[0086] Further, the height of the cross-section of one channel of the water tank channel section 4 is 40 cm, the width is 40 cm, the height of the cross-section of the other channel of the water tank channel section 4 is 20 cm, and the width is 20 cm.

[0087] Further, a pressure gauge 5 is installed on the upstream sidewall of each channel of the aforementioned water tank channel section 4, and the output end of the pressure gauge 5 is connected to the input end of the programmable logic controller.

[0088] Tests conducted using the multi-functional water tank system for two-channel algal hydraulics experiments disclosed in the present invention:

[0089] I. Experiments on the growth mechanism of attached algae

[0090] Step1: Preparation work before the experiment

[0091] Check whether the algae recovery net 13 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in a timely manner.

[0092] Check whether components such as the electromagnetic valve 16, electromagnetic flowmeter 17, variable frequency centrifugal pump 18, pressure gauge 5, pressure pump 22, and rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 and their switches are normal. If they are abnormal, repair or replace them in a timely manner.

[0093] Check whether the rubber water stop cushion layer 25 of the snap-on movable glass cover plate 6 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in a timely manner to avoid water stop failure.

[0094] Fill the reservoir 15 with clean water for the experiment.

[0095] Step2: Indoor temporary cultivation of attached algae

[0096] Quickly transport the algae sample, which has grown lush attached algae in situ in a large water conveyance project, to the indoor laboratory.

[0097] Automatically turn on the variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 with a small power through the programmable logic controller, and adjust the opening degrees of the electromagnetic valve 16 installed in the circulation pipeline, the electromagnetic valves 16 installed on the two forks of the U-shaped fork pipe of the water tank inlet section 1, and the rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 at the end of each channel of the water tank channel section 4, so that the channel to be temporarily cultivated in the water tank channel section 4 operates at a lower flow rate (less than 0.5 m / s), a higher water level, and an open channel flow state.

[0098] Take out the algal sample, dry the excess water on the algal sample with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record the background information such as the wet weight of the algal sample and the length of the longest algal filament just after sampling.

[0099] Open the snap-on movable glass cover 6 of the channel to be temporarily cultured in the tank body section 4 of the water tank, and place the algal sample in the algal sample card slot 7.

[0100] Fasten the snap-on movable glass cover 6, and temporarily culture for 2 - 3 days. Only after the algae that died during transportation or the hydrostatic-loving populations that grew in the static water environment during transportation have metabolized and fallen off normally can the subsequent tests be carried out.

[0101] Step3: Recording of the characteristics information of the attached algae after temporary culture and stabilization

[0102] Open the snap-on movable glass cover 6 of the channel for the experiment on the growth mechanism of attached algae in the tank body section 4 of the water tank, take out the algal sample prepared for the experiment on the growth mechanism of attached algae, dry the excess water on the algal sample with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record the information such as the wet weight of the algal sample and the length of the longest algal filament after temporary culture and stabilization. Then place the algal sample back into the algal sample card slot 7 and fasten the snap-on movable glass cover 6.

[0103] Step4: Regulation of the water flow and water level in the water tank

[0104] The programmable logic controller executes the experimental mode for the growth mechanism of attached algae, selects the large channel (section size: height 40 cm × width 40 cm) to enter the experimental mode for the growth mechanism of attached algae, and the small channel (section size: height 20 cm × width 20 cm) still maintains the algal temporary culture mode.

[0105] Next, the programmable logic control executes the flow velocity parameter of 0.3 m / s and the water level parameter of 35 cm, and clicks the confirmation button. The variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 will automatically and slowly adjust the frequency to the frequency corresponding to the corresponding flow velocity. The electromagnetic valve 16 on the large-channel side fork of the U-shaped fork pipe installed at the water tank inlet section 1 and the rotary vane adjustable tailgate 9 in the large channel of the tank body section 4 of the water tank will automatically and slowly adjust the opening degree so that the water level in the large channel of the tank body section 4 reaches the preset condition. This working condition is in the open channel flow state, and the pressure gauge 5 installed on one side of the large channel of the tank body section 4 of the water tank will not be triggered to start.

[0106] Step5: Regularly collect and record the characteristics information of the attached algae

[0107] Every 4 hours, open the snap-on movable glass cover 6 set on the top of the large channel of the tank body section 4 of the water tank, take out the algal sample from the algal sample card slot 7, dry the excess water on the algal sample with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record the information such as the wet weight of the algal sample and the length of the longest algal filament.

[0108] After collecting and recording the information on the characteristics of epiphytic algae once, fasten the snap-on movable glass cover plate 6.

[0109] Conduct regular sampling and data recording continuously for 5 days, totaling 120 hours. Compare information such as the wet weight of the algal samples and the length of the longest algal filaments after the temporary cultivation stabilizes, and analyze and summarize the growth characteristics of epiphytic algae under the working condition of a flow velocity of 0.3 m / s and a water depth of 35 cm.

[0110] Step6: Sorting work after a group of tests

[0111] After a group of tests, the programmable logic controller controls the solenoid valve 16 on the large-channel side of the U-shaped fork pipe installed in the water inlet section 1 of the water tank, and the rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 in the large channel of the water tank body section 4 will automatically close slowly.

[0112] Take out the algal samples after the test, and clean the algal recovery net 13 installed on one side of the large channel of the water tank transition water measuring section 11.

[0113] Take out the algal samples temporarily cultured in the small channel of the water tank body section 4 and place them in the algal sample card slot 7 in the large channel of the water tank body section 4.

[0114] Transport the next batch of in-situ cultured algal samples to the indoor laboratory and place them in the small channel of the water tank body section 4 for temporary cultivation.

[0115] Step7: Adjust the test working conditions and conduct a series of tests

[0116] By adjusting the flow velocity and water depth parameters, repeat Step3 - Step6 to conduct a series of tests.

[0117] Summarize the growth mechanism of epiphytic algae through a large amount of data analysis.

[0118] II. Experiment on the scouring and shedding mechanism of epiphytic algae

[0119] Step1: Preparation work before the experiment

[0120] Check whether the algal recovery net 13 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in time.

[0121] Check whether components such as the solenoid valve 16, electromagnetic flowmeter 17, variable frequency centrifugal pump 18, pressure gauge 5, pressure pump 22, and rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 and their switches are normal. If they are abnormal, repair or replace them in time.

[0122] Check whether the rubber water stop cushion layer 25 of the snap-on movable glass cover plate 6 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in time to avoid water leakage failure.

[0123] Fill the reservoir 15 with clean water in preparation for the experiment.

[0124] Step 2: Temporary Cultivation in the Epiphytic Algae Chamber

[0125] Rapidly transport the algae sample that has grown lush epiphytic algae through in-situ cultivation in a large water conveyance project to the indoor laboratory.

[0126] The programmable logic controller automatically turns on the variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 with a relatively low power, and adjusts the electromagnetic valves 16 installed in the circulation pipeline, the electromagnetic valves 16 installed on the two forks of the U-shaped fork pipe at the water inlet section 1 of the water tank, and the opening degree of the rotary vane controllable tailgate 9 at the end of each channel of the water tank body section 4, so that the channels to be temporarily cultivated in the water tank body section 4 operate at a relatively low flow rate (less than 0.5 m / s), a relatively high water level, and an open channel flow state.

[0127] Take out the algae sample, dry the excess water on the algae sample with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record the background information such as the wet weight of the algae sample and the longest algal filament length just sampled back.

[0128] Open the snap-on movable glass cover 6 of the channel to be temporarily cultivated in the water tank body section 4, and place the algae sample in the algae sample card slot 7.

[0129] Fasten the snap-on movable glass cover 6, and temporarily cultivate for 2 - 3 days. Only after the algae that died during transportation or the hydrostatic-loving populations that grew in the static water environment during transportation have fallen off through normal metabolism can the subsequent tests be carried out.

[0130] Step 3: Recording the Characteristic Information of the Epiphytic Algae after Stable Temporary Cultivation

[0131] Open the snap-on movable glass cover 6 of the channel in the water tank body section 4 where the epiphytic algae scouring and shedding mechanism test is to be carried out, take out the algae sample prepared for the epiphytic algae scouring and shedding mechanism test, dry the excess water on the algae sample with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record the information such as the wet weight of the algae sample and the longest algal filament length after stable temporary cultivation. Then place the algae sample back in the algae sample card slot 7 and fasten the snap-on movable glass cover 6.

[0132] Step 4: Regulation of the Water Flow and Water Level in the Water Tank

[0133] The programmable logic controller selects the large channel (section size: height 40 cm × width 40 cm) to enter the epiphytic algae scouring and shedding mechanism test mode, and the small channel (section size: height 20 cm × width 20 cm) still maintains the algae temporary cultivation mode.

[0134] The programmable logic controller executes a flow rate parameter of 1.0 m / s and a water level parameter of 40 cm. The variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 will automatically and slowly adjust the frequency to the frequency corresponding to the respective flow rate. The electromagnetic valve 16 on the large-channel side fork of the U-shaped fork pipe installed in the water inlet section 1 of the water tank, and the rotary vane controllable tailgate 9 in the large channel of the water tank body section 4 will automatically and slowly adjust the opening degree so that the water level in the large channel of the water tank body section 4 reaches the preset condition. This working condition is a pressurized flow state. The pressure gauge 5 installed on one side of the large channel of the water tank body section 4 will be automatically triggered to start and record the water pressure state in the large channel of the water tank body section 4 during operation. When the water pressure state reaches 0.8 times the critical pressure for bursting, it will automatically alarm to prompt the user to reduce the frequency of the variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 or increase the opening degree of the rotary vane controllable tailgate 9.

[0135] Step5: Conduct continuous flushing of the algae sample and collection and recording of the characteristics information of the attached algae

[0136] After the flow state in the large channel of the water tank body section 4 stabilizes, continuously flush the algae sample for 1 hour.

[0137] The programmable logic controller controls the electromagnetic valve 16 on the large-channel side fork of the U-shaped fork pipe installed in the water inlet section 1 of the water tank, and the rotary vane controllable tailgate 9 in the large channel of the water tank body section 4 will automatically and slowly close.

[0138] Open the snap-on movable glass cover plate 6 set at the top of the large channel of the water tank body section 4, take out the algae sample from the algae sample slot 7, dry the excess water on the algae sample with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record information such as the wet weight of the algae sample and the length of the longest algal filament.

[0139] Compare the information such as the wet weight of the algae sample and the length of the longest algal filament after stable temporary cultivation, and analyze and summarize the situation of the attached algae flushing and shedding under the working condition of a flow rate of 1.0 m / s and a water depth of 40 cm.

[0140] Step6: Sorting work after a group of tests

[0141] After a group of tests are completed, the programmable logic controller controls the electromagnetic valve 16 on the large-channel side fork of the U-shaped fork pipe installed in the water inlet section 1 of the water tank, and the rotary vane controllable tailgate 9 in the large channel of the water tank body section 4 will automatically and slowly close.

[0142] Take out the algae sample after the test and clean the algae recovery net 13 installed on one side of the large channel of the water tank transition water measurement section 11.

[0143] Take out the algae sample temporarily cultured in the small channel of the water tank body section 4 and place it in the algae sample slot 7 in the large channel of the water tank body section 4.

[0144] Transport the next batch of in-situ cultured algal samples to the indoor laboratory and place them in the small channels of the flume body section 4 for temporary cultivation.

[0145] Step7: Adjust the test conditions and conduct a series of tests

[0146] By adjusting the flow velocity and water depth parameters, repeat Steps 3 - 6 to conduct a series of tests.

[0147] Through a large amount of data analysis, obtain the critical flow velocity of the attached algae scouring and shedding, and summarize the mechanism of the attached algae scouring and shedding.

[0148] III. Experimental study on the influence mechanism of scale effect on the scouring and shedding of algae

[0149] Step1: Preparation before the test

[0150] Check whether the algae recovery net 13 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in time.

[0151] Check whether the electromagnetic valve 16, electromagnetic flowmeter 17, variable frequency centrifugal pump 18, pressure gauge 5, pressure pump 22, rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 and other components and their switches are normal. If they are abnormal, repair or replace them in time.

[0152] Check whether the rubber water stop cushion layer 25 of the snap-in movable glass cover plate 6 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in time to avoid water leakage failure.

[0153] Fill the reservoir 15 with clean water in preparation for the test.

[0154] Step2: Temporary cultivation of attached algae indoors

[0155] Quickly transport the algal samples that have grown lush attached algae in the in-situ culture of large water conveyance projects to the indoor laboratory.

[0156] The programmable logic controller will automatically turn on the variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 with a small power, and adjust the opening degrees of the electromagnetic valve 16 installed in the circulation pipeline, the electromagnetic valves 16 installed on the two forks of the U-shaped fork pipe at the water inlet section 1 of the flume, and the rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 at the end of each channel in the flume body section 4, so that each channel in the flume body section 4 operates at a lower flow velocity (less than 0.5 m / s), a higher water level, and an open channel flow state.

[0157] Take out the algal samples, dry the excess water on the algal samples with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record the background information such as the wet weight of the algal samples and the length of the longest algal filaments just sampled.

[0158] Open the snap-in movable glass cover plates 6 of two channels in the flume body section 4, and place the algal samples in the algal sample slots 7.

[0159] Fasten the snap-on movable glass cover plate 6 and keep it in temporary culture for 2 - 3 days. Only after the algae samples have died during transportation or the hydrostatic-loving populations that have grown in the static water environment during transportation have normally metabolized and fallen off can the subsequent tests be carried out.

[0160] Step3: Record the characteristics information of the attached algae after temporary culture and stabilization

[0161] Open the snap-on movable glass cover plates 6 of the two channels in the flume body section 4, take out the algae samples for the test on the mechanism of attached algae scouring and shedding, blot the excess water on the algae samples with absorbent test paper, weigh and record the wet weight of the algae samples, the length of the longest algal filaments and other information after temporary culture and stabilization. Then place the algae samples back into the algae sample slots 7 and fasten the snap-on movable glass cover plates 6.

[0162] Step4: Regulation of the flow rate and water level in the flume

[0163] The programmable logic controller executes the test mode for the mechanism of attached algae scouring and shedding, and selects both the large channel (cross-section size: height 40 cm × width 40 cm) and the small channel (cross-section size: height 20 cm × width 20 cm) to enter the test mode for the mechanism of attached algae scouring and shedding.

[0164] The programmable logic controller executes the flow velocity parameter of 1.5 m / s and the water level parameter of 40 cm required for the large channel test, and the flow velocity parameter of 1.5 m / s and the water level parameter of 20 cm required for the small channel test. The variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 will automatically and slowly adjust the frequency to the frequency corresponding to the respective flow velocities. The electromagnetic valves 16 at the two forks of the U-shaped fork pipe installed in the flume inlet section 1 and the rotary vane adjustable tail gates 9 in the two channels of the flume body section 4 will automatically and slowly adjust the opening degrees so that the water levels in the two channels of the flume body section 4 reach the preset conditions. This working condition is a pressurized flow state. The pressure gauges 5 installed on the side walls of the two channels of the flume body section 4 will be automatically triggered to start and record the water pressure states in the two channels of the flume body section 4 during operation. If the water pressure state reaches 0.8 times the critical pressure for bursting, an automatic alarm will be triggered to prompt the user to reduce the frequency of the variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 or increase the opening degree of the rotary vane adjustable tail gates 9.

[0165] Step5: Continuously scour the algae samples and collect and record the characteristics information of the attached algae

[0166] When the flow states in the two channels of the flume body section 4 are stable, continuously scour the algae samples for 1 hour.

[0167] The programmable logic controller controls the electromagnetic valves 16 of the U-shaped fork pipe installed in the flume inlet section 1 and the rotary vane adjustable tail gates 9 in the two channels of the flume body section 4 to automatically and slowly close.

[0168] Open the snap-on movable glass cover plates 6 at the tops of the two channels of the water tank channel section 4, take out the algal samples from the algal sample card slots 7, dry the excess water on the algal samples with absorbent test paper, and weigh and record information such as the wet weight of the algal samples and the length of the longest algal filaments.

[0169] Step6: Scale effect analysis under the same flow velocity condition

[0170] Compare the information such as the wet weight of the algal samples and the length of the longest algal filaments after the temporary cultivation is stable, analyze the situation of the attached algae being washed off in the large channel (section size: height 40 cm × width 40 cm) and the small channel (section size: height 20 cm × width 20 cm) under the condition of the same flow velocity of 1.5 m / s, and summarize the influence mechanism of the scale effect on the washing-off of algae under the same flow velocity condition.

[0171] Step7: Sorting work after a group of tests

[0172] After a group of tests are completed, the programmable logic controller controls the electromagnetic valve 16 of the U-shaped fork pipe installed in the water tank inlet section 1, and the rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 in the two channels of the water tank channel section 4 will automatically close slowly.

[0173] Take out the algal samples after the test, and clean the algal recovery nets 13 in the two channels of the water tank transition water measurement section 11.

[0174] Transport the next batch of in-situ cultivated algal samples to the indoor laboratory, and place them in the two channels of the water tank channel section 4 for temporary cultivation.

[0175] IV. Parallel tests on the movement of algal residues

[0176] Step1: Preparation work before the test

[0177] Check whether the algal recovery net 13 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in time.

[0178] Check whether the components such as the electromagnetic valve 16, electromagnetic flowmeter 17, variable frequency centrifugal pump 18, pressure gauge 5, pressure pump 22, rotary vane type adjustable tailgate 9 and their switches are normal. If they are abnormal, repair or replace them in time.

[0179] Check whether the rubber water stop cushion layer 25 of the snap-on movable glass cover plate 6 is damaged. If it is damaged, replace it in time to avoid water stop failure.

[0180] Check whether the inlet of the flexible connecting pipe 23 placed in the reservoir 15 is submerged below the water surface of the reservoir 15. If not, adjust the inlet position of the flexible connecting pipe 23 in time.

[0181] Unscrew the test material feeding bin 21, load the algal residues collected from the large-scale water conveyance project site or the model tracer materials with similar specific gravity, particle size and algal residues, and then screw the test material feeding bin 21 tightly to ensure good connection with the automatic check valve 20 and the flexible connecting pipe 23.

[0182] Place all the plexiglass templates with the same size as the algae template slot 7 of the supporting set into each algae template slot 7, and fill the algae template slot 7 to make the inner walls of the two channels of the water tank section 4 smooth and flat, so as to avoid additional turbulence when the tracer material flows through the algae template slot 7 section during the algal residue movement test.

[0183] Fill the reservoir 15 with clear water for the test.

[0184] Step2: Regulation of water flow and water level in the water tank

[0185] The programmable logic controller executes the algal residue movement mechanism test mode for both the large channel (section size: height 40 cm × width 40 cm) and the small channel (section size: height 20 cm × width 20 cm).

[0186] Then, the programmable logic controller executes the flow velocity parameter of 1.5 m / s and the water level parameter of 40 cm required for the large channel test, and the flow velocity parameter of 1.0 m / s and the water level parameter of 20 cm required for the small channel test. The variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 will automatically adjust the frequency slowly to the frequency corresponding to the corresponding flow velocity. The electromagnetic valves 16 at the two forks of the U-shaped fork pipe installed at the water tank inlet section 1 and the rotary vane adjustable tail gates 9 in the two channels of the water tank section 4 will automatically adjust the opening degree slowly to make the water levels in the two channels of the water tank section 4 reach the preset conditions. This working condition is a pressurized flow state. The pressure gauges 5 installed on the side walls of the two channels of the water tank section 4 will be automatically triggered to start and record the water pressure state in the two channels of the water tank section 4 during operation. When the water pressure state reaches 0.8 times the critical pressure of bursting, it will automatically alarm to prompt the user to reduce the frequency of the variable frequency centrifugal pump 18 or open the rotary vane adjustable tail gate 9 wider.

[0187] Step3: Addition of algal residue tracer material

[0188] After the flow states in the two channels of the water tank section 4 are stabilized, the pressure pumps 22 connected to different water tank channels by the programmable logic controller will automatically adjust their respective pressurization powers according to the pressure values of the pressure gauges 5 installed on the side walls of the two channels of the water tank section 4. The water flow in the reservoir 15 will be pumped into the test material feeding bin 21 through the flexible connecting pipe 23, driving the algal residues or the model tracer materials to flow through the automatic check valve 20 and into the two channels of the water tank section 4, enabling the algal residue tracer materials to be put into the water tank system at a stable rate. At the same time, the automatic check valve 20 will prevent the backflow of the algal residue tracer materials.

[0189] Step4: Parallel observation of the movement characteristics of algal residues in the two test channels

[0190] Apply a high-speed camera to parallelly photograph and record the movement of the algal residue tracer materials on the outer sides of the glass side walls of the two channels of the water tank body 4, realizing parallel tests on the movement characteristics of algal residues under two different flow velocity conditions, effectively improving the test efficiency.

[0191] Step5: Sorting work after a group of tests

[0192] After a group of tests are completed, the programmable logic controller controls the electromagnetic valves 16 of the U-shaped fork pipes installed in the water tank inlet section 1, and the rotary vane controllable tail gates 9 in the two channels of the water tank section 4 will automatically close slowly.

[0193] Clean the algal recovery nets 13 installed in the two channels of the water tank transition flow measurement section 11. Specific embodiment 2

[0195] It is substantially the same as specific embodiment 1, with the only difference being:

[0196] The length of each channel body of the water tank section 4 is 30m;

[0197] Five algal sample slots 7 are provided on one side wall of the test section of each channel of the water tank section 4. Specific embodiment 3

[0199] It is substantially the same as specific embodiment 1, with the only difference being:

[0200] The length of each channel body of the water tank section 4 is 25m;

[0201] Three algal sample slots 7 are provided on one side wall of the test section of each channel of the water tank section 4.

[0202] The above describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims

1. A multi-functional flume system for dual-channel eco-hydraulic experiments, characterized in that, Comprising: A reservoir; A flume filtration and water measurement section arranged on the upstream side of the reservoir; A flume body section arranged upstream of the flume filtration and water measurement section, the flume body section includes two channels, the cross-section of each channel body is a rectangular cross-section, the length of each channel body is 20 - 30 m, the sides and bottom of the two channels are made of toughened glass, the top of the two channels is provided with a snap-type movable glass cover plate in the test section, and the rest of the top of the two channels is provided with a fixed glass cover plate. On one side wall of the test section of each channel of the flume body section, 2 - 5 algae sample card slots are arranged, and an acrylic glass sample adapted to the algae sample card slots is provided; Two flume energy dissipation sections, which are closed sections with connecting orifices provided at the bottom and side, the side of the flume energy dissipation section is connected to the upstream top end of each channel of the flume body section, an energy dissipation grid is arranged at the connection between the flume energy dissipation section and the flume body section, and the height of the flume energy dissipation section is higher than the height of the flume body section; A flume water inlet section arranged below the upstream top end of the flume body section, the flume water inlet section includes a U-shaped fork pipe, the two fork pipes of the flume water inlet section are respectively connected to the bottom of the two flume energy dissipation sections, and an electromagnetic valve is installed on each fork of the U-shaped fork pipe. The two electromagnetic valves are used to respectively control the water inflow of each channel of the flume body section; A rotary vane type controllable tailgate arranged near the downstream end of each channel of the flume body section; A flume water outlet section arranged downstream of the rotary vane type controllable tailgate, and the water outlet of the flume water outlet section is matched with the water inlet of the flume filtration and water measurement section; A test material feeding device, including a rigid connection pipe, a check valve, a test material feeding bin, and a flexible connection pipe connected in sequence. A pressure pump is arranged in the flexible connection pipe, the water inlet of the flexible connection pipe is connected to the middle and lower part of the reservoir, and the water outlet of the rigid connection pipe is connected to the upstream side of each channel of the flume body section; A circulation pipe, through which water is sent into the flume body section, and an electromagnetic valve, an electromagnetic flowmeter, and a variable frequency centrifugal pump are installed on the circulation pipe; A programmable logic controller, the output end of which is respectively connected to the input end of the rotary vane type controllable tailgate, the input end of the pressure pump, the input end of the electromagnetic valve, and the input end of the variable frequency centrifugal pump. The input end of the electromagnetic flowmeter is connected to the output end of the programmable logic controller, where: The flume filtration and water measurement section is provided with an intermediate partition, which divides it into two channels. The water flow from each channel of the flume body section flows into the corresponding channel of the flume filtration and water measurement section respectively, and then converges into the reservoir; An algae recovery net is respectively arranged in each channel of the flume filtration and water measurement section, which is used to filter the algae residues or test materials washed down from each channel of the flume body section, and the algae recovery net is arranged at a position more than 1 m downstream of the flume water outlet section.

2. The multi-functional flume system for a dual-channel eco-hydraulic experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that A weir is respectively arranged in each channel of the water filtration and measurement section of the water tank for measuring the test flow rate of each channel of the water tank body section. The installation position of the weir is downstream of the algae recovery net, and the distance between the weir and the algae recovery net is more than 5 times the width of each channel of the water filtration and measurement section of the water tank.

3. The multifunctional flume system for a dual-channel eco-hydraulic experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snap-on movable glass cover plate includes an upper panel, a rubber water-stop cushion layer, and two snaps, where: A rubber water-stop cushion layer is provided below the upper panel; Both sides of the upper panel are respectively connected to the snaps in a shaft-connected manner; The snap is provided with a snap groove, and snap protrusions matching the snap groove are provided on the side walls on both sides of the water tank body section.

4. The multifunctional flume system for a dual-channel eco-hydraulic experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that The height of the energy dissipation section of the water tank is 2 times the height of the water tank body section communicated therewith.

5. The multi-functional flume system for a dual-channel eco-hydraulic experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that The height of the cross-section of one channel of the water tank body section is 40 cm and the width is 40 cm, and the height of the cross-section of the other channel of the water tank body section is 20 cm and the width is 20 cm.

6. The multifunctional flume system for a dual-channel ecological hydraulics test according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure gauge is installed on the upstream side wall of each channel of the water tank body section, and the output end of the pressure gauge is connected to the input end of the programmable logic controller.

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