An optical lens

Abstract

This invention discloses an optical lens comprising a first light-incident surface, a second light-incident surface, a first light-outceasing surface, a second light-outceasing surface, and a cup-shaped surface. The cup-shaped surface consists of a light-incident surface and a reflective surface, the reflective surface being a prism. The curves of the cup-shaped surface, including the light-incident surface and the reflective surface, when intercepted by a plane passing through the optical axis, are two parallel straight lines. The second light-incident surface includes a large-angle light-incident surface at the upper end and a small-angle light-incident surface at the lower end. The second light-outceasing surface includes a large-angle light-outceasing surface at the upper end and a small-angle light-outceasing surface at the lower end. This invention offers a wide zoom range, low injection molding cost, light weight, and ease of use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lens technology, and in particular to an optical lens. Background Technology

[0002] Zoom lenses are widely used in indoor commercial lighting and outdoor flashlights and other lighting applications. In LED zoom solutions, some require a longer zoom travel, while others require a shorter zoom travel. In the technical solution recorded in patent CN201630054292.7, the zoom stroke is very short. The disadvantage is low efficiency due to the low coupling efficiency of the two components and the inability to collect zoom stray light. Another zoom solution utilizing total internal reflection lens technology, such as the combined lens and lamp using this combined lens disclosed in Chinese patent CN201811261600, includes a lens with an exit area for refracting light out of the lens, and a diffuser lens that cooperates with the exit area. The diffuser lens has an incident side and an exit side. At least a portion of the light emitted from the exit area is refracted by the incident side into the diffuser lens, and then refracted by the exit side to the illumination area. The diffuser lens has a diffuser area for diffusing the light illuminating it, so that the light emitted from the diffuser area forms a soft-edged light spot unit. This patented combined lens can guarantee high efficiency and light spot quality, but the zoom range is small; a single lens can only achieve a zoom range from 12 degrees to 36 degrees. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and design a lens based on one-piece injection molding that has a large zoom range, low injection molding cost, light weight and easy use.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0005] An optical lens design is provided, wherein the lens is a cup-shaped structure composed of a first light-incident surface, a second light-incident surface, a first light-exit surface, a second light-exit surface, and a cup-shaped surface; the bottom of the cup-shaped structure is provided with a mounting groove for mounting a light source;

[0006] The light-emitting point of the light source is located on the axis of the lens, and the light source moves along the axis of the lens;

[0007] The mounting groove has an opening facing downwards and its top protrudes upwards from the bottom surface of the cup-shaped structure; the inner surface of the top of the mounting groove is a first light-incident surface, its outer surface is a first light-exiting surface, its inner side is a second light-incident surface, and its outer side is a second light-exiting surface; the second light-incident surface includes a large-angle light-incident surface at the upper end and a small-angle light-incident surface at the lower end; the second light-exiting surface includes a large-angle light-exiting surface at the upper end and a small-angle light-exiting surface at the lower end; the cup body surface is composed of a cup body light-incident surface and a cup body reflective surface, the cup body reflective surface being an electroplated smooth curved surface or a non-electroplated toothed reflective surface or a prism surface; the curve of the cup body surface intercepted by a plane passing through the optical axis consists of two parallel straight lines.

[0008] The light emitted from the light source exits through two mechanisms: Mechanism one involves refraction through the first incident surface and then through the first exit surface; Mechanism two involves refraction through the second incident surface and then through the second exit surface, entering the incident surface of the cup, undergoing total internal reflection through the reflective surface of the cup, and exiting from the incident surface. Mechanism two further divides the light into two paths: one path passes through a large-angle incident surface and a large-angle exit surface; the other path passes through a small-angle incident surface and a small-angle exit surface. The large-angle incident surface is above the small-angle incident surface, and the two surfaces are non-smoothly connected to form the second incident surface of mechanism two; similarly, the large-angle exit surface is above the small-angle exit surface, and the two surfaces are non-smoothly connected to form the second exit surface of mechanism two.

[0009] Preferably, the curves intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis by the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface are two parallel straight lines or two free curves with the same concave shape.

[0010] Preferably, the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the large-angle incident surface is a straight line, and the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the large-angle exit surface is an outwardly convex curve.

[0011] Preferably, the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the large-angle incident surface is an inwardly concave curve, and the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the large-angle emitting surface is an outwardly convex curve. The degree of convexity of the curve intercepted by the large-angle emitting surface is greater than the degree of concavity of the curve intercepted by the large-angle incident surface. The difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the slope of the curve intercepted by the large-angle emitting surface is greater than the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the slope of the intercepted line of the large-angle incident surface.

[0012] Preferably, the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the small-angle light-emitting surface is a convex curve, and the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the small-angle light-incident surface is a straight line.

[0013] Preferably, the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis of the small-angle light-emitting surface is an outwardly convex curve, and the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis of the small-angle light-incident surface is an inwardly convex curve; the ratio of the abscissa of the lowest point of the small-angle light-incident surface to the maximum aperture of the bottom of the lens is not less than 0.6; the first light-incident surface is an approximately planar spherical surface, and the first light-emitting surface is an outwardly convex aspherical surface; the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis of the reflective surface of the cup body is a straight line, and the angle β between the straight line and the horizontal plane is not less than 60 degrees and not greater than 75 degrees.

[0014] Preferably, the system further includes a first focal point and a second focal point of the light source located within the mounting groove. The second focal point is positioned above the first focal point. The light source moves between the first and second focal points. As the light source moves from the first to the second focal point, the beam angle gradually increases. The beam angle is smallest when the light source is at the first focal point and largest when it is at the second focal point. The line connecting the first focal point and the bottom endpoint of the small-angle incident surface forms an angle of not less than 60 degrees with the optical axis; the line connecting the second focal point and the top endpoint of the small-angle incident surface forms an angle of not less than 75 degrees with the optical axis. The light emitted from the first focal point is a parallel beam after refraction through the small-angle incident and exit surfaces. The relationship between the angle α between this beam and the horizontal plane and the angle β between the cross section of the cup body and the horizontal plane is as follows:

[0015] β = α / 2 + π / 4.

[0016] Preferably, the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface are freeform surfaces, and their cross-sections are generated according to the following method:

[0017] Given the curve function f(x,y) of the small-angle incident light intercept, based on the angle α between the cup surface intercept and the horizontal plane and the first focal point O1 of the light source, generate the small-angle incident light intercept curve point by point according to the following steps:

[0018] (a) The endpoint of the large-angle light-emitting surface cutoff line is also the starting point of the small-angle light-emitting surface P0, which is set as the initial point;

[0019] (b) Calculate the function passing through P0. Given the normal direction, calculate the straight line passing through angle α of P0. After the light ray is refracted by the curved surface, given the length of the light ray l, the initial point Q0 of the intercept of the small angle incident surface is obtained;

[0020] (c) Using the lines Q0O1 and P0Q0 connecting Q0 to the first focal point O1 of the light source, calculate the tangential vector of the first point of the small-angle incident surface according to Snell's law.

[0021] (d) Calculations and lines A straight line that deviates downwards from dl and is parallel to it. The intersection point P1 with the function f(x,y);

[0022] (e) Calculate the function passing through P1 Given the normal direction, calculate the straight line passing through P1 with slope α. Light refracted by the curved surface With passing through the Q0 direction straight line Intersect at Q1;

[0023] (f) Using the lines Q1O1 and P1Q1 connecting Q1 to the first focal point O1 of the light source, calculate the tangential vector of the second point on the small-angle incident surface according to Snell's law.

[0024] (g) Repeat steps (d) to (f) based on the offset of dl to calculate the points Q2, Q3, Q4, ..., Q on the small-angle incident light intercept. n Until O1Q n The angle with the optical axis is less than the set value;

[0025] (h) Transfer Q0 to Q n Smooth connections form a small-angle incident light surface cutoff line;

[0026] 2) Given the curve function g(x,y) of the small-angle incident light intercept, generate the small-angle exit light intercept curve point by point according to the slope α of the cup surface intercept and the first focal point O1 of the light source:

[0027] (a) The endpoint of the intercept of the large-angle incident surface is also the starting point of the small-angle incident surface, Q0, which is set as the initial point;

[0028] (b) Calculate the function passing through Q0. normal direction According to Snell's law, the straight line O1Q0 passes through the curved surface. Refracted light Given the ray length l, obtain the initial point P0 of the small-angle light-emitting surface intercept;

[0029] (c) Using Snell's law, calculate the tangential vector at the first point of the light-emitting surface at the small angle, passing through line P0Q0 and exiting at angle α.

[0030] (d) Calculate the relationship between the first focal point O1 of the light source and the line. The line deviating from a small angle dθ intersects the function g(x,y) at point Q1;

[0031] (e) Calculate the function passing through Q1. The direction of the normal is calculated using Snell's law, which determines the path of the surface passing through the straight line O1Q1. Refracted light With passing through the direction of P0 straight line Intersect at P1;

[0032] (f) Calculate the tangential vector of the first point of the light-emitting surface at a small angle α from the straight line P1Q1 through P1.

[0033] (g) Repeat steps (d) to (f) based on the offset of dθ to calculate the points P2, P3, P4, ..., P on the small-angle incident plane intercept. n Until O1Q n The angle with the optical axis is less than the set value;

[0034] (h). Transfer P0 to P n Smooth connections form a small-angle light-emitting surface cutoff line.

[0035] Preferably, the reflective surface of the lens is a prism surface, and each prism surface has a V-shaped groove structure.

[0036] (1) Take a curve extending from the inside to the outside as the generatrix U, and select the bottom endpoint O of the generatrix and the optical axis I;

[0037] (2) Draw the normal direction vector L and the tangent direction vector N of the bottom endpoint O of the busbar in the plane where the busbar is located;

[0038] (3) Rotate L around N by angles γ and -γ respectively to form two rays L1 and L2;

[0039] (4) Extend the busbar U along L1 and L2 respectively to form a V-shaped groove;

[0040] (5) Rotate the groove around I by angles θ and -θ to generate three intersecting V-shaped groove structures;

[0041] (6) Remove the part where the middle V-shaped groove intersects with the other two V-shaped grooves, and keep the remaining part as the outline;

[0042] (7) The number of tooth surfaces distributed in a circle is m = 360 / θ, where m is an integer, and the rotation angle θ is no greater than 6 degrees.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0044] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention ensures that the cross-section of the cup surface is straight and that the light source achieves collimated emission when it is at its first focal point. With a straight cross-section, the processing equipment used to set the reflective surface of the cup surface as a prism can be a three-axis machining center or lathe, eliminating the need for five-axis machining technology, resulting in higher processing stability and significantly reduced processing costs. Another advantage of using a straight line as the generatrix of the cup surface is that the light distribution remains unchanged after the light paths corresponding to the large-angle incident and exit surfaces pass through the straight cup surface. The straight cup surface can continue to uniformly diffuse the originally uniformly diffused light source without altering its distribution, thus better ensuring the uniformity of large-angle diffusion. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 These are light diagrams of different light-emitting mechanisms in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a ray diagram of the light source at the first focal point in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a ray diagram of the light source at the second focal point in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens structure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the generation of the small-angle incident light surface cutoff curve in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the generation of the small-angle light-emitting surface cutoff curve in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is the light spot pattern of the light at the first focal point in the first mechanism of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the light intensity and the incident angle at the first focal point of the light in the first mechanism of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 This is a light spot diagram of the midpoint between the first and second focal points of the light source in the first mechanism of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the light intensity and the angle of incidence when the light rays are at the midpoint between the first and second focal points according to the first mechanism of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 11 This is the light spot diagram of the second focal point of the light in the first mechanism of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 12This is a diagram showing the relationship between the light intensity at the second focal point and the incident angle for the first mechanism of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a light spot diagram of the light rays from the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface of the present invention at the first focal point in Embodiment 1.

[0057] Figure 14 This is a graph showing the relationship between the light intensity at the first focal point and the incident angle of the light rays from the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface of the present invention, as described in Embodiment 1.

[0058] Figure 15 This is a light spot diagram of the light rays passing through the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface of the present invention at the midpoint of the first focal point and the second focal point in Embodiment 1;

[0059] Figure 16 This is a graph showing the relationship between the light intensity and the incident angle at the midpoint of the first and second focal points of the light rays passing through the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 17 This is a light spot diagram of the light rays from the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface of the present invention at the second focal point in Embodiment 1.

[0061] Figure 18 This is a graph showing the relationship between the light intensity and the incident angle of the light rays from the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface of the present invention at the second focal point in Embodiment 1.

[0062] Figure 19 This is a light spot diagram of the light rays from the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface of the present invention at the first focal point;

[0063] Figure 20 This is a graph showing the relationship between the light intensity at the first focal point and the incident angle of the light rays from the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface of the present invention, as described in Embodiment 1.

[0064] Figure 21 This is a light spot diagram of the light rays passing through the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface of the present invention at the midpoint of the first focal point and the second focal point;

[0065] Figure 22 This is a graph showing the relationship between the light intensity and the incident angle at the midpoint of the first and second focal points of the light rays passing through the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 23 This is a light spot diagram of the light rays passing through the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface of Embodiment 1 at the second focal point of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 24This is a graph showing the relationship between the light intensity at the second focal point and the incident angle of the light rays from the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 25 This is a diagram of the prism surface structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 26 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 27 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the lens according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 28 This is a cross-sectional view of the lens structure in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 29 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the lens in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0073] The technical features corresponding to the markings in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-lens, 11-first light-incident surface, 12-first light-exiting surface, 13-large angle light-incident surface, 14-small angle light-incident surface, 15-large angle light-exiting surface, 16-small angle light-exiting surface; 17-cup surface light-incident surface, 18-cup surface reflecting surface, 19-mounting groove, 21-cup surface light-incident surface, 22-cup surface reflecting surface, 31-large angle light-incident surface, 32-large angle light-exiting surface, 41-small angle light-incident surface, 42-small angle light-exiting surface, 51-first light-incident surface, 52-first light-exiting surface. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, an optical lens 1 is a cup-shaped structure composed of a first light-incident surface 11, a second light-incident surface, a first light-exit surface 12, a second light-exit surface, and a cup-shaped surface. A mounting groove 19 for mounting a light source is provided at the bottom of the cup-shaped structure. The opening of the mounting groove 19 faces downwards, and its top protrudes upwards from the bottom surface of the cup-shaped structure. The inner top surface of the mounting groove is the first light-incident surface 11, its outer top surface is the first light-exit surface 12, its inner surface is the second light-incident surface, and its outer surface is the second light-exit surface. The second light-incident surface includes a large-angle light-incident surface 13 at the upper end and a small-angle light-incident surface 14 at the lower end; the second light-outcident surface includes a large-angle light-outcident surface 15 at the upper end and a small-angle light-outcident surface at the lower end; the cup body surface is composed of a cup body light-incident surface 17 and a cup body reflective surface 18, the cup body reflective surface 18 is an electroplated smooth curved surface or a non-electroplated toothed reflective surface or a prism surface; in this embodiment, the cup body reflective surface 18 is a prism surface; the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis on the cup body surface is two parallel straight lines.

[0077] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the light emitted from the light source exits through two mechanisms: Mechanism one involves refraction through the first incident surface 11 and then through the first exit surface 12; Mechanism two involves refraction through the second incident surface and then through the second exit surface, entering the incident surface 17 of the cup, undergoing total internal reflection through the reflective surface 18 of the cup, and exiting from the incident surface 17. Mechanism two further divides the light into two paths: one path passes through the large-angle incident surface 13 and the large-angle exit surface 15; the other path passes through the small-angle incident surface 14 and the small-angle exit surface 16. The large-angle incident surface 13 is above the small-angle incident surface 14, and the large-angle incident surface 13 and the small-angle incident surface 14 are non-smoothly connected to form the second incident surface of mechanism two; the large-angle exit surface 15 is above the small-angle exit surface 16, and the large-angle exit surface 15 and the small-angle exit surface 16 are non-smoothly connected to form the second exit surface of mechanism two.

[0078] like Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figures 7 to 12 As shown, the light source also includes a first focal point O1 and a second focal point O2 located within the mounting groove. The second focal point O2 is located above the first focal point O1. The light source of the present invention moves between the first focal point O1 and the second focal point O2. When the light source moves from the first focal point O1 to the second focal point O2, the beam angle gradually increases. The beam angle is smallest when the light source is at the first focal point O1 and largest when the light source is at the second focal point O2. The line connecting the first focal point O1 and the bottom endpoint of the small-angle incident surface 14 forms an angle of not less than 60 degrees with the optical axis; the line connecting the second focal point O2 and the top endpoint of the small-angle incident surface 14 forms an angle of not less than 75 degrees with the optical axis.

[0079] Wherein: the ratio of the longitudinal distance between the first focal point O1 of the light source and the lowest point of the small-angle incident surface to the abscissa of the lowest point of the small-angle incident surface is not less than 0.2 and not greater than 0.5, and preferably 0.346 in this embodiment; the ratio of the length of O1O2 to the diameter of the top of the cup is not less than 0.2, and preferably 0.27 in this embodiment;

[0080] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, at the first focal point: the light rays of Mechanism 1 are collimated and emitted after passing through the first incident surface 11 and the first exit surface 12. The light rays of Mechanism 2 are divided into two parts. The upper part of the light rays passes through the large-angle incident surface 13 and exits from the large-angle exit surface 15. The emitted light rays will exit directly and will not enter the cup surface, thus forming large-angle diffuse light. In the embodiment, the angle between the line connecting the first focal point O1 of the light source and the optical axis corresponding to this part of the light rays covers a range of 26 degrees to 31 degrees, and the energy proportion is relatively small. The lower part of the light rays passes through the lower small-angle incident surface 14 and exits from the small-angle exit surface 16. It will enter the incident surface of the reflective surface of the cup surface, and after being reflected by the reflective surface 18 of the cup surface, it will be collimated and emitted. In this invention, the cross-section of the cup surface is a straight line. Therefore, the light rays emitted from the first focal point O1 of the light source and passing through the small-angle exit surface 16 are parallel rays, and the angle α with the horizontal plane is determined by the following equation:

[0081] α = 2β - π / 2,

[0082] Where β is the angle between the cross section of the cup surface and the horizontal plane. Therefore, this portion of the light rays will also be collimated and emitted. In this invention, this portion has the highest energy, typically including light rays from approximately 31 degrees to 65 degrees from the center, accounting for over 50% of the luminous flux.

[0083] like Figures 13 to 18As shown, as the light source gradually moves from the first focal point O1 to the focal point O2, on the one hand, the light rays passing through the first incident surface 11 and the second incident surface 12 will spread out evenly; on the other hand, after more light rays pass through the large-angle incident surface 13 and the large-angle exit surface 15, they will gradually spread out and illuminate the surface of the cup. Since the large-angle incident surface 13 and the large-angle exit surface 15 of this invention have the same cross section, the light rays will not change their original light path after passing through these two curved surfaces, so that the light spot reflected from the surface of the cup is also evenly spread out; or the large-angle exit surface 15 and the large-angle incident surface 13 are both convex curves, and the large-angle incident surface 13 is more convex, so the angle of the light rays is expanded more after passing through the two curved surfaces. Finally, although the angles of the light rays from the small-angle light-incident surface 14 and the small-angle light-outcident surface 15 will change slightly after the focal point changes, it will affect the diffusion speed of the light spot. However, the energy of this part of the light is greatly reduced during the zooming process, thus reducing its adverse effects. Therefore, the overall uniformity and diffusion speed of the light spot are very fast during the zooming process, and it can reach an angle of 60 degrees when it reaches the second focal point O2. When the light source reaches the second focal point O2, most of the light rays form a large-angle light emission from the first light-incident surface 11 and the first light-outcident surface 12. The angle between the line connecting the second focal point O2 and the endpoint of the first light-incident surface 11 and the optical axis is not less than 50 degrees, and preferably 60 degrees in this embodiment. Among the light rays of the second mechanism, the angle range of uniform and soft emission from the large-angle light-incident surface 13 and the large-angle light-outcident surface 15 covers 60-79 degrees; only a small amount of energy (79-90 degrees) is emitted from the small-angle light-incident surface and the small-angle light-outcident surface.

[0084] In the design, to reduce the light angle of the first mechanism, the position of the first focal point O1 of the light source should be as far away from the first light-incident surface 11 as possible, and the proportion of light entering the first mechanism from the first focal point O1 should be reduced. This requires appropriately setting the angle between the line connecting the first focal point O1 and the first light-incident surface 11 and the optical axis. If the angle is too small, the range of large angles entering the first light-incident surface 11 and the first light-outceasing surface 12 will be insufficient, thus affecting the quality of the uniformly diffused light spot. If the angle is too large, it will reduce the light angle from the first light-incident surface 11 and the first light-outceasing surface 12, further reducing the proportion of light entering the second mechanism, thereby reducing the central light intensity corresponding to the minimum angle. In this invention, the angle between the line connecting the first focal point O1 and the edge endpoint of the first light-incident surface 11 and the optical axis is no greater than 30 degrees, and in this embodiment, it is preferably 25 degrees.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, in addition, in the light of mechanism two, the large-angle incident surface 13 and the large-angle exit surface 15 are parallel or nearly parallel curves. Firstly, this ensures that the light rays from the first focal point O1 of the light source will not be deflected towards the cup surface when passing through these two curved surfaces, thus avoiding the formation of unsightly stray light. Secondly, it allows the light rays to be evenly dispersed to the cup surface for reflection during the zooming process, resulting in a uniformly diffused light spot after reflection.

[0086] At the position of the first focal point O1 of the light source, the present invention ensures sufficient central light intensity and a small angle by omitting light rays at a certain angle. In the present invention, the angle between the line connecting the first focal point O1 of the light source and the bottom of the small-angle incident surface 14 and the horizontal plane is not greater than 30 degrees and not less than 20 degrees, and is preferably 25 degrees in this embodiment.

[0087] The lens of this invention has a total aperture of 35mm. Taking the bottom of the small-angle incident surface 14 as the Y=0 position and the intersection of the optical axis and the Y=0 line as the origin, the first focal point O1 of the light source is located in the range of Y=-2 to -3; the second focal point O1 of the light source is located in the range of Y=6 to 7. An important feature of this invention is that the curves intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis on the incident surface 17 and the reflecting surface 18 of the cup are straight lines. In this embodiment, the angle β between this straight line and the horizontal plane is between 60 and 75 degrees.

[0088] In this embodiment, 11 and 12 correspond to the optical path of mechanism one. The light control angle of this part of the mechanism is approximately 25 to 30 degrees for the light source at the first focal point and 55 to 65 degrees for the second focal point. Surface 11 is an approximate plane, and 12 is a convex aspherical surface. As the light source moves from the first focal point to the second focal point, the luminous flux controlled by mechanism one gradually increases from about 20% to 75%, and the emitted light spot angle expands uniformly from 3 to 5 degrees to 60 degrees.

[0089] like Figures 13 to 18As shown, the large-angle incident surface 13 and the small-angle incident surface 14 are two different curves that are not smoothly connected; the large-angle exit surface 15 and the small-angle exit surface 16 are also two different curves that are not smoothly connected. Specifically, the large-angle incident surface 13 and the large-angle exit surface 15 are two approximately parallel identical curves. In this embodiment, these curves are approximately straight lines with slight bends. The first focal point O1 of the light source corresponds to a half-angle of approximately 26 to 35 degrees for this portion of the light, and the second focal point O2 of the light source corresponds to a half-angle of 60 to 79 degrees for this portion of the light. At any position of the light source, the light emitted by the light source does not fundamentally change its direction of incidence before reaching 13 after passing through 13 and 15. At the first focal point O1, the light passing through 13 and 15 glides across the cup surface to form background light, without entering the cup surface to form abrupt stray light. As the light source moves from the first focal point O1 to the second focal point O2, more and more light enters 13 and 15, and the energy of the light spot controlled by this part of the optical path gradually increases. Simultaneously, due to the increased angle of incident light, the refraction angle of these rays passing through surfaces 13 and 15 is also greater, resulting in more and more of this light entering the cup surface. The light rays entering the cup surface first are those near the upper end of the lens, with a smaller exit angle; as the light source moves upward, the incident light rays gradually increase in angle, causing the angle of the reflected light rays to also continuously increase, thus gradually increasing the angle of the light spot corresponding to this part of the light path. When the light source reaches the second focal point O2, all the light rays passing through curved surfaces 13 and 15 can exit through the cup surface, increasing the exit angle to 50-60 degrees.

[0090] In this embodiment, the small-angle light-incident surface 14 and the small-angle light-exit surface 16 are described. The small-angle light-incident surface 14 is an inwardly concave curved surface, and the curved surface design method is as follows:

[0091] like Figure 5 As shown, given the curve function f(x,y) of the small-angle incident light intercept, based on the angle α between the cup surface intercept and the horizontal plane and the first focal point O1 of the light source, the small-angle incident light intercept curve is generated point by point according to the following steps:

[0092] (a) The endpoint of the large-angle light-emitting surface cutoff line is also the starting point of the small-angle light-emitting surface P0, which is set as the initial point;

[0093] (b) Calculate the function passing through P0. Given the normal direction, calculate the straight line passing through angle α of P0. After the light ray is refracted by the curved surface, given the length of the light ray l, the initial point Q0 of the intercept of the small angle incident surface is obtained;

[0094] (c) Using the lines Q0O1 and P0Q0 connecting Q0 to the first focal point O1 of the light source, calculate the tangential vector of the first point of the small-angle incident surface according to Snell's law.

[0095] (d) Calculations and lines A straight line that deviates downwards from dl and is parallel to it. The intersection point P1 with the function f(x,y);

[0096] (e) Calculate the function passing through P1 Given the normal direction, calculate the straight line passing through P1 with slope α. Light refracted by the curved surface With passing through the Q0 direction straight line Intersect at Q1;

[0097] (f) Using the lines Q1O1 and P1Q1 connecting Q1 to the first focal point O1 of the light source, calculate the tangential vector of the second point on the small-angle incident surface according to Snell's law.

[0098] (g) Repeat steps (d) to (f) based on the offset of dl to calculate the points Q2, Q3, Q4, ..., Q on the small-angle incident light intercept. n Until O1Q n The angle with the optical axis is less than the set value;

[0099] (h) Transfer Q0 to Q n Smooth connections form a small-angle incident light surface cutoff line;

[0100] like Figure 6 As shown, the small-angle light emission point 16 is an outwardly convex curved surface, and the surface design method is as follows:

[0101] Given the curve function g(x,y) of the small-angle incident light intercept, based on the slope α of the cup surface intercept and the first focal point O1 of the light source, the small-angle exit light intercept curve is generated point by point using the following method:

[0102] (a) The endpoint of the intercept of the large-angle incident surface is also the starting point of the small-angle incident surface, Q0, which is set as the initial point;

[0103] (b) Calculate the function passing through Q0. normal direction According to Snell's law, the straight line O1Q0 passes through the curved surface. Refracted light Given the ray length l, obtain the initial point P0 of the small-angle light-emitting surface intercept;

[0104] (c) Using Snell's law, calculate the tangential vector at the first point of the light-emitting surface at the small angle, passing through line P0Q0 and exiting at angle α.

[0105] (d) Calculate the relationship between the first focal point O1 of the light source and the line. The line deviating from a small angle dθ intersects the function g(x,y) at point Q1;

[0106] (e) Calculate the function passing through Q1. The direction of the normal is calculated using Snell's law, which determines the path of the surface passing through the straight line O1Q1. Refracted light With passing through the direction of P0 straight line Intersect at P1;

[0107] (f) Calculate the tangential vector of the first point of the light-emitting surface at a small angle α from the straight line P1Q1 through P1.

[0108] (g) Repeat steps (d) to (f) based on the offset of dθ to calculate the points P2, P3, P4, ..., P on the small-angle incident plane intercept. n Until O1Q n The angle with the optical axis is less than the set value;

[0109] (h). Transfer P0 to P n Smooth connections form a small-angle light-emitting surface cutoff line;

[0110] like Figure 19 and Figure 20 As shown, the angle corresponding to the first focal point O1 of the light source is 26 degrees to 65 degrees; the angle corresponding to the second focal point O2 is 79 degrees to 90 degrees. At the first focal point O1, all the light rays refracted by the small-angle incident surface 14 and the small-angle exit surface 16 are parallel beams with a horizontal angle α of 40 to 50 degrees. The relationship between the angle α between this beam and the horizontal plane and the angle β between the cross section of the cup surface and the horizontal plane is as follows:

[0111] β = α / 2 + π / 4.

[0112] like Figure 19 and Figure 24 As shown in the diagram, the light path reveals that when the light source is at its first focal point O1, the light rays reflected from the cup surface through the small-angle incident surface 14 and the small-angle exit surface 16 are parallel to the optical axis. Moving away from the first focal point O1, the energy of this portion of the light gradually decreases, and the angle gradually increases. When the light source is at its second focal point O2, approximately only 5% of the energy enters the cup surface through the small-angle incident surface 14 and the small-angle exit surface 16, which is negligible. By separating the light path into two parts to control the energy of the large-angle and small-angle light rays, the central light intensity can be maintained and stray light rays removed at the first focal point O1, while the quality of the large-angle light spot and energy utilization rate can be ensured at the second focal point O2.

[0113] The cup surface converges and emits light rays that have passed through the light-incident surface 17 and the light-exit surface 18. In this embodiment, the cup surface is divided into the light-incident surface 17 and the reflective surface 18, wherein the reflective surface 18 is composed of prism surfaces.

[0114] like Figure 25 As shown, the prism surface of the present invention has a straight cross-section, and the prism surface is constructed as follows:

[0115] (1) Take a curve extending from the inside to the outside as the generatrix U, and select the bottom endpoint O of the generatrix and the optical axis I;

[0116] (2) Draw the normal direction vector L and the tangent direction vector N of the bottom endpoint O of the busbar in the plane where the busbar is located;

[0117] (3) Rotate L around N by angles γ and -γ respectively to form two rays L1 and L2;

[0118] (4) Extend the busbar U along L1 and L2 respectively to form a V-shaped groove;

[0119] (5) Rotate the groove around I by angles θ and -θ to generate three intersecting V-shaped groove structures;

[0120] (6) Remove the part where the middle V-shaped groove intersects with the other two V-shaped grooves, and keep the remaining part as the outline;

[0121] (7) The number of tooth surfaces distributed in a circle is m = 360 / θ, where m is an integer, and the rotation angle θ is no greater than 6 degrees.

[0122] From the overall shape of the lens, the ratio of the distance between the bottom endpoints of the small-angle incident surface 14 to the diameter of the top of the cup body is not less than 0.2, and the ratio of the distance between the bottom edge diameter of the cup body, i.e., the maximum diameter of the bottom of the lens, is not less than 0.6.

[0123] This invention ensures that the collimated light path is achieved at the first focal point when the cross-section of the cup surface is straight. Typically, when the cross-section of the cup surface is curved, making the reflective surface toothed requires extending along a plane orthogonal to each point on the curve's contour. This necessitates the use of a five-axis machining center capable of automatically adjusting the alignment angle, which not only reduces machining accuracy but also significantly increases processing difficulty and cost. Since most machining equipment used in my country is three-axis machining centers or lathes, suppliers capable of achieving perfect toothed surfaces using five-axis machining technology are very few and extremely expensive. When the cross-section of the cup surface is straight, the machining equipment used to set the reflective surface as a prism can be a three-axis machining center or lathe, eliminating the need for five-axis machining technology. Furthermore, this method offers higher processing stability and significantly reduced processing costs.

[0124] Another advantage of using a straight line as the generatrix of the cup surface in this invention is that the light distribution remains unchanged after the light paths corresponding to the large-angle incident and large-angle exit surfaces pass through the straight cup surface. For large-angle zoom, this means that the straight cup surface can continue to uniformly diffuse the light emitted from the original uniformly diffused light source without changing its distribution, thus better ensuring the uniformity of large-angle diffusion.

[0125] Example 2

[0126] One embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 26 As shown, the main technical solution of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1. Features not explained in this embodiment are explained in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the light-incident surface 21 of the cup body in this embodiment is coated with a reflective film, and the reflective surface 22 of the cup body is a bearing surface with no optical function. This solution saves the complex prism surface processing compared to Embodiment 1, and the mold is simpler and the cost is lower.

[0127] Example 3

[0128] One embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 27 As shown, the main technical solution of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2. Features not explained in this embodiment are explained using the methods in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 is as follows:

[0129] In this embodiment, the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis of the large-angle light-incident surface 31 is an inwardly concave curve, and the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis of the large-angle light-exit surface 32 is an outwardly convex arc. The degree of convexity of the curve intercepted by the large-angle light-exit surface 32 is greater than the degree of concavity of the curve intercepted by the large-angle light-incident surface 31. The difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the slope of the curve intercepted by the large-angle light-exit surface 32 is greater than the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the slope of the intercepted line of the large-angle light-incident surface 31. This modification does not affect the angle of light emitted from the large-angle light-exit surface 32, but it makes the connection with the small-angle light-incident surface 14 of the inner cavity smoother.

[0130] Example 4

[0131] One embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 28 As shown, the main technical solution of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, or Embodiment 3. Features not explained in this embodiment adopt the explanations in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, or Embodiment 3, and will not be repeated here. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, or Embodiment 3 is as follows:

[0132] In this embodiment, the curve of the small-angle incident surface 41 is a straight line, and the curve of the small-angle exit surface 42 is a convex curve. The design method of the small-angle incident surface 41 and the small-angle exit surface 42 is calculated based on the curve function g(x,y) of the small-angle incident surface intercept given in Embodiment 1.

[0133] Example 5

[0134] One embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 29 As shown, the main technical solution of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, or Embodiment 4. Features not explained in this embodiment are explained using the methods in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, or Embodiment 4, and will not be repeated here. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, or Embodiment 4 is that the first light-incident surface 51 in this embodiment is an inwardly concave curved surface, and the first light-exit surface 52 is an outwardly convex curved surface. The small angle is slightly larger than that of Embodiment 1, but the larger angle is better.

[0135] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the foregoing specification, those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the invention should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although some specific terms are used in this specification, these terms are only for convenience of explanation and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical lens, characterized in that, The lens is a cup-shaped structure composed of a first light-incident surface, a second light-incident surface, a first light-exit surface, a second light-exit surface, and a cup-shaped surface; the bottom of the cup-shaped structure has a mounting groove for mounting a light source; The light-emitting point of the light source is located on the axis of the lens, and the light source moves along the axis of the lens; The mounting groove has an opening facing downwards and its top protrudes upwards from the bottom surface of the cup-shaped structure; the inner surface of the top of the mounting groove is a first light-incident surface, its outer surface is a first light-exiting surface, its inner surface is a second light-incident surface, and its outer surface is a second light-exiting surface; the second light-incident surface includes a large-angle light-incident surface at the upper end and a small-angle light-incident surface at the lower end; the second light-exiting surface includes a large-angle light-exiting surface at the upper end and a small-angle light-exiting surface at the lower end; the cup body surface is composed of a cup body light-incident surface and a cup body reflective surface, the cup body reflective surface being a prism surface; the curve of the cup body surface intercepted by a plane passing through the optical axis consists of two parallel straight lines. The curve formed by the small-angle light-emitting surface being intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis is an outwardly convex curve, and the curve formed by the small-angle light-incident surface being intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis is a straight line or a curve.

2. An optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curves intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis by the large-angle incident surface and the large-angle exit surface are either two parallel straight lines or two free curves with the same concave shape.

3. An optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis on the large-angle incident surface is a straight line, while the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis on the large-angle exit surface is an outwardly convex curve.

4. An optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the large-angle incident surface is an inwardly concave curve, and the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis from the large-angle exiting surface is an outwardly convex curve. The degree of convexity of the curve intercepted by the large-angle exiting surface is greater than the degree of concavity of the curve intercepted by the large-angle incident surface. The difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the slope of the curve intercepted by the large-angle exiting surface is greater than the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the slope of the intercepted line of the large-angle incident surface.

5. An optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis of the small-angle incident surface is an inwardly convex curve; the ratio of the abscissa of the lowest point of the small-angle incident surface to the maximum aperture of the lens bottom is not less than 0.6; the first incident surface is an approximately planar spherical surface, and the first emitting surface is an outwardly convex aspherical surface; the curve intercepted by the plane passing through the optical axis of the cup body surface is a straight line, and the angle β between the straight line and the horizontal plane is not less than 60 degrees and not greater than 75 degrees.

6. An optical lens according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a first focal point and a second focal point of the light source, wherein the second focal point is located within the mounting groove; the first focal point is located outside the mounting groove and directly below the second focal point, and the beam angle gradually increases as the light source moves from the first focal point to the second focal point; the angle between the line connecting the first focal point and the edge endpoint of the first incident surface and the optical axis is not greater than 30 degrees; the angle between the line connecting the second focal point and the edge endpoint of the first incident surface and the optical axis is not less than 50 degrees; the angle between the line connecting the first focal point and the bottom endpoint of the small-angle incident surface and the optical axis is not less than 60 degrees; the angle between the line connecting the second focal point and the top endpoint of the small-angle incident surface and the optical axis is not less than 75 degrees; the light emitted from the first focal point is a parallel beam after refraction by the small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface, and the relationship between the angle α between this beam and the horizontal plane and the angle β between the cross section of the cup body and the horizontal plane is as follows: β＝α / 2+π / 4。 7. An optical lens according to claim 6, characterized in that: The small-angle incident surface and the small-angle exit surface are freeform surfaces, and their cross-sections are generated according to the following method: Given the curve function f(x,y) of the small-angle incident light intercept, based on the angle α between the cup surface intercept and the horizontal plane and the first focal point O1 of the light source, generate the small-angle incident light intercept curve point by point according to the following steps: (a) The endpoint of the large-angle light-emitting surface cutoff line is also the starting point of the small-angle light-emitting surface P0, which is set as the initial point; (b) Calculate the function passing through P0. Given the normal direction, calculate the straight line passing through angle α of P0. After the light ray is refracted by the curved surface, given the length of the light ray l, the initial point Q0 of the intercept of the small angle incident surface is obtained; (c) Using the lines Q0O1 and P0Q0 connecting Q0 to the first focal point O1 of the light source, calculate the tangential vector of the first point of the small-angle incident surface according to Snell's law. (d) Calculations and lines A straight line that deviates downwards from dl and is parallel to it. The intersection point P1 with the function f(x,y); (e) Calculate the function passing through P1 Given the normal direction, calculate the straight line passing through P1 with slope α. Light refracted by the curved surface With passing through the Q0 direction straight line Intersect at Q1; (f) Using the lines Q1O1 and P1Q1 connecting Q1 to the first focal point O1 of the light source, calculate the tangential vector of the second point on the small-angle incident surface according to Snell's law. (g) Repeat steps (d) to (f) based on the offset of dl to calculate the points Q2, Q3, Q4, ..., Q on the small-angle incident light intercept. n Until O1Q n The angle with the optical axis is less than the set value; (h) Transfer Q0 to Q n Smooth connections form a small-angle incident light surface cutoff line; or Given the curve function g(x,y) of the small-angle incident light intercept, based on the slope α of the cup surface intercept and the first focal point O1 of the light source, the small-angle exit light intercept curve is generated point by point using the following method: (a) The endpoint of the intercept of the large-angle incident surface is also the starting point of the small-angle incident surface, Q0, which is set as the initial point; (b) Calculate the function passing through Q0. normal direction According to Snell's law, the straight line O1Q0 passes through the curved surface. Refracted light Given the ray length l, obtain the initial point P0 of the small-angle light-emitting surface intercept; (c) Using Snell's law, calculate the tangential vector at the first point of the light-emitting surface at the small angle, passing through line P0Q0 and exiting at angle α. (d) Calculate the relationship between the first focal point O1 of the light source and the line. The line deviating from a small angle dθ intersects the function g(x,y) at point Q1; (e) Calculate the function passing through Q1. The direction of the normal is calculated using Snell's law, which determines the path of the surface passing through the straight line O1Q1. Refracted light With passing through the P0 direction straight line Intersect at P1; (f) Calculate the tangential vector of the first point of the light-emitting surface at a small angle α from the straight line P1Q1 through P1. (g) Repeat steps (d) to (f) based on the offset of dθ to calculate the points P2, P3, P4, ..., P on the small-angle incident plane intercept. n Until O1Q n The angle with the optical axis is less than the set value; (h). Transfer P0 to P n Smooth connections form a small-angle light-emitting surface cutoff line.

8. An optical lens as described in claim 1, characterized in that the reflective surface of the cup body is a prism surface, and each prism surface has a V-shaped groove structure, which is constructed as follows: (1) Take a curve extending from the inside to the outside as the generatrix U, and select the bottom endpoint O of the generatrix and the optical axis I; (2) Draw the normal direction vector L and the tangent direction vector N of the bottom endpoint O of the busbar in the plane where the busbar is located; (3) Rotate L around N by angles γ and -γ respectively to form two rays L1 and L2; (4) Extend the busbar U along L1 and L2 respectively to form a V-shaped groove; (5) Rotate the groove around I by angles θ and -θ to generate three intersecting V-shaped groove structures; (6) Remove the part where the middle V-shaped groove intersects with the other two V-shaped grooves, and keep the remaining part as the outline; (7) The number of tooth surfaces distributed in a circle is m = 360 / θ, where m is an integer, and the rotation angle θ is no greater than 6 degrees.

Images