A switching transistor

Abstract

This invention discloses a switching transistor, comprising an insulator (1), a first conductor (2), and a second conductor (3). The first conductor (2) and the second conductor (3) are respectively disposed at both ends of the insulator (1) and together form a sealed cavity. An elastic element (4) and a metal element (5) that can be driven by an external magnetic field are disposed within the sealed cavity. The switching transistor drives the movement of the system by an external permanent magnet or electromagnet, realizing the connection and closure of the internal moving contact. There is no direct contact between the external and internal moving parts, no elastic deformation of the parts, no elastic fatigue of the parts, high mechanical life, and good reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-voltage electrical technology, specifically to a switching transistor. Background Technology

[0002] In high and low voltage power distribution networks, vacuum switches hold a dominant position in applications requiring high breaking capacity and explosion-proof features. The core component of a vacuum switch is the switching tube, also known as a vacuum interrupter, which typically consists of a top cover, ceramic base, bottom cover, moving contact, and bellows. The key technology in current products lies in the sealing of the switching tube, achieved by welding the bellows between the bottom cover and the moving contact. This requires the bellows to maintain good sealing while adapting to the elastic deformation of the bottom cover and the moving contact. However, the bellows are made of metal, resulting in small deformation and high stress, as well as difficult welding. This leads to high switching tube costs, susceptibility to leakage, and small opening distances. Many companies are currently exploring ways to address this issue.

[0003] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a prior art switch tube structure, which includes an upper housing 01, an insulator 02, a bellows 03, a moving contact 04, a bottom cover 05, and a stationary contact 06. The insulator 02 is disposed between the housing 01 and the bottom cover 05, and the housing 01 is welded and fixed to both the insulator 02 and the bottom cover 05, forming a sealed cavity. The bellows 03 is disposed within the sealed cavity and sleeved on the outside of the moving contact 04. One end of the moving contact 04 is welded to the inner wall of the housing 01, and the inner wall of the other end is welded to the outer circle of the moving contact 04. One end of the moving contact 04 passes through the bellows 03 and can contact or separate from the stationary contact 06 welded to the bottom cover 05. The bellows 03 is an elastic element that can realize the reciprocating motion of the moving contact 04. The outer periphery of the bellows 03, together with the housing 01 and the bottom cover 05, forms a sealed cavity structure and is subjected to vacuum treatment.

[0004] In existing technology, the bellows 03 serves as both a sealing element and a moving elastic element, making it a key component of the switching transistor. The existing structure and material of the bellows 03 limit its elastic deformation, resulting in a small opening distance in the switching transistor. The conventional switching transistors described above suffer from the following problems:

[0005] 1. Under vacuum conditions, it is only in a normally closed state. Not selectable.

[0006] 2. Corrugated pipes are bulky and costly.

[0007] 3. The process is complex and the reliability is poor, which affects the product's lifespan.

[0008] 4. During the opening and closing action, the elastic deformation of the bellows is prone to fatigue, which can lead to air leakage and switch failure.

[0009] In summary, the market needs a product with no direct mechanical operating parts inside the switching tube and no interactive movement between the inside and outside, in order to ensure the high reliability and economy of the vacuum tube. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Based on the above background, the purpose of this invention is to provide a switching transistor with a simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, which can be vacuumed or filled with flame-retardant gas to perform electrical connection and disconnection, and has no visible arc light, high safety, and strong practicality.

[0011] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0012] A switching transistor includes an insulator, a first conductor, and a second conductor. The first conductor and the second conductor are respectively disposed at both ends of the insulator and together form a sealed cavity. An elastic element and a metal element that can be driven by an external magnetic field are disposed within the sealed cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the sealed cavity is in a vacuum state or filled with arc-blocking gas.

[0014] Preferably, the metal component comprises at least one of a high-conductivity metal material and a low-conductivity metal material.

[0015] Preferably, the elastic element deforms when the metal part is driven by an external magnetic field.

[0016] Preferably, one end of the elastic element is disposed on the metal element, and the other end is disposed on the insulator or directly or indirectly on the first conductor or the second conductor.

[0017] Preferably, the metal component includes a high-conductivity metal material and a low-conductivity metal material, wherein the low-conductivity metal material may be disposed inside, outside, above, or below the high-conductivity metal material.

[0018] Preferably, one end of the metal component is connected to or disconnected from the first conductor, and the other end is connected to the second conductor via a flexible conductor.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the metal part is connected to or disconnected from the first conductor, and the other end is in sliding contact with the second conductor.

[0020] Preferably, the elastic element is made of steel wire or steel sheet.

[0021] Preferably, the low-conductivity metal material is a high-magnetic-permeability metal or a permanent magnet.

[0022] Preferably, the first conductor and the second conductor are normally open or normally closed.

[0023] Preferably, the external magnetic field is located outside the first conductor or outside the second conductor.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. The outer casing of the switch tube has an outer first conductor at the upper end and an outer second conductor at the lower end. The middle part of the casing is made of insulating material. The three parts are welded together to form a sealed cavity with good isolation from the outside.

[0026] 2. The movement of the switching transistor actuator system is driven by an external permanent magnet or electromagnet to realize the connection and closure of the internal moving contact. There is no direct contact between the external and internal moving parts, the parts have no elastic deformation, there is no elastic fatigue of the parts, the mechanical life is high, and the reliability is good.

[0027] 3. The switch tube has stationary input and output terminals, which is beneficial for connecting to the main circuit.

[0028] 4. The contact connection of this switch tube can be either normally closed or externally normally open, avoiding the adverse factors such as contact wear caused by the normally closed type. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a conventional switching transistor in the existing technology.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the switching transistor of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the insulator and metal parts fitting together in the first embodiment of the switching transistor of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second conductor and the metal part in the first embodiment of the switching transistor of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the switching transistor of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second conductor in a second embodiment of the switching transistor of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the switching transistor of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to the non-limiting exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings and detailed in the following description, the exemplary embodiments of this application and their various features and advantageous details will be explained more fully. It should be noted that the features shown in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Descriptions of known materials, components, and process technologies are omitted in this application so as not to obscure the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. The examples given are only intended to facilitate understanding of the implementation of the exemplary embodiments of this application and to further enable those skilled in the art to implement the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, these examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0038] First embodiment:

[0039] This embodiment discloses a switching transistor, which includes an insulator 1, a first conductor 2, and a second conductor 3. The first conductor 2 and the second conductor 3 are respectively disposed at both ends of the insulator 1 and are welded and fixed to the insulator 1. The first conductor 2 and the second conductor 3 are respectively provided with cavities with opposite openings. The longitudinal cross-section of the insulator 1 is generally H-shaped or I-shaped, and a through-hole is provided on the insulator 1. After the insulator 1, the first conductor 2, and the second conductor 3 are fixed, a sealed cavity is formed. Preferably, the sealed cavity is a vacuum structure, and the vacuum environment is beneficial for the switching on and the extinguishing of the arc. Preferably, after vacuuming, an arc-suppressing gas such as nitrogen can be injected, and the nitrogen environment is beneficial for the switching on and the extinguishing of the arc.

[0040] The insulating component 1 can be made of ceramic, glass, compression molding, or injection molding materials to achieve the insulation requirements between the first conductor 2 and the second conductor 3. The first conductor 2 and the second conductor 3 are made of materials with low resistivity, such as copper alloy, to achieve good transmission of electrical energy.

[0041] The switching transistor also includes a metal component 5, which is disposed within the aforementioned sealed cavity and can be driven by a magnetic field generated by an external magnet. Under the drive of the external magnetic field, the metal component 5 can move linearly within the sealed cavity, and one end of the metal component 5 can contact or separate from the first conductor 2, thereby realizing the circuit's conduction or disconnection. The other end of the metal component 5 is provided with a protrusion 51 that contacts the second conductor 3. When the metal component 5 moves linearly under the drive of the external magnetic field, the protrusion 51 maintains a sliding contact with the inner wall of the second conductor 3, thereby realizing the transfer of electrical energy from the second conductor 3 to the metal component 5, and then to the first conductor 2. Preferably, the first conductor 2 is provided with a raised stationary contact 21 that can contact or separate from the metal component 5. Of course, the stationary contact 21 can also be set to be flush with the inner wall of the first conductor 2, as long as contact with the metal component 5 can be guaranteed. The metal component 5 can be made of magnetic, conductive, or magnetically permeable materials such as electrical pure iron, Q235 steel, or magnets. The external magnetic field can be located on the outside of the first conductor 2 or on the outside of the second conductor 3, both of which can achieve the same technical effect.

[0042] An elastic element 4 is sleeved on the outside of the metal part 5. Both ends of the elastic element 4 are in contact with the insulator 1 and the metal part 5, respectively, providing a reset force for the metal part 5 to reset. When the metal part 5 is driven by an external magnetic field, the elastic element 4 deforms accordingly. Specifically, the metal part 5 can be attracted under the action of an external magnetic field; if the external magnetic field is removed, the switch can be disconnected under the action of the elastic element 4. Preferably, the elastic element 4 adopts a conical helical spring design, which helps to reduce the size of the switch. The elastic element 4 can also be made of steel wire or steel sheet. The first conductor 2 and the second conductor 3 are normally open or normally closed under the spring force or in conjunction with an external magnetic field. One end of the elastic element 4 is disposed on the metal part 5, and the other end can be disposed on the insulator 1 and in contact with the insulator 1, or it can be directly or indirectly disposed on the first conductor 2 or the second conductor 3. In this embodiment, the other end of the elastic element 4 is disposed on the insulator 1.

[0043] In this embodiment, the insulator 1 divides the sealed cavity into an arc-extinguishing chamber and a mechanism chamber, so that the arc occurring during the switching process is isolated in the arc-extinguishing chamber, preventing damage to the elastic element 4 and thus extending the life of the switching tube. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the insulator 1 has several first openings 11, and the number of first openings 11 can be one or more, thereby allowing the arc-extinguishing chamber and the mechanism chamber to communicate with each other, which is beneficial to the amount of flame-retardant gas charged and improves the electrical life. Furthermore, at least two second openings 52 are reserved on the outer ring of the metal part 5, which on the one hand makes the elastic connection between the metal part 5 and the second conductor 3 smoother, and on the other hand further allows the sealed cavities to communicate with each other.

[0044] Second Embodiment

[0045] Please refer to Figure 5 As shown, another form of switching transistor is disclosed. The difference from the first embodiment is that the metal component 5 includes a low-conductivity metal material and a high-conductivity material. Specifically, the low-conductivity metal material is disposed inside the high-conductivity metal material, the low-conductivity metal material is disposed outside the high-conductivity metal material, or the low-conductivity metal material can also be disposed above or below the high-conductivity metal material. The following is a detailed description of the example of the low-conductivity metal material being disposed inside the high-conductivity metal material. The high-conductivity material is made of copper or a copper alloy, and the low-conductivity metal material is made of a permanent magnet or a high-permeability metal.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 5 As shown, a cover plate 53 is provided at the lower end of the inner cavity opening of the metal part 5. The cover plate 53 is welded to the lower end of the metal part 5 along the periphery to form a closed cavity. A permanent magnet 54 is placed inside the closed cavity. This closed cavity isolates the permanent magnet 54 from the outside, preventing gas between the outer shell and the metal part 5 from entering the closed cavity, thereby protecting the permanent magnet 54 from corrosion by special gases. A rubber pad 55 is provided between the upper end face of the permanent magnet 54 and the inner wall of the metal part 5 to buffer the impact force on the permanent magnet 54. Similarly, a rubber pad 55 is also provided between the lower end face of the permanent magnet 54 and the cover plate 53 to further buffer the impact force on the permanent magnet 54.

[0047] Furthermore, a flexible conductor 6 is welded to the lower outer circle of the metal part 5, and electrical energy can also be transmitted from the second conductor 3 to the metal part 5 through the flexible conductor 6.

[0048] Furthermore, a contact 56 is provided on the upper surface of the metal part 5. The contact 56 is made of silver alloy material and is welded to the upper surface of the metal part 5 as a whole, which is conducive to current conduction.

[0049] Furthermore, an arc-inducing metal ring 7 is provided on the inner surface of the first conductor 2. One end of the metal ring 7 is in close contact with the inner surface of the outer first conductor 2, and the other end faces the metal part 5. The metal ring 7 can guide the arc direction and guide the arc generated when the metal part 5 and the static contact 21 on the outer first conductor 2 come into contact to the surrounding area, lengthen the arc length, and complete the arc extinguishing function.

[0050] Furthermore, the first conductor 2 can be divided into a base ring 22 and a base 23, which is beneficial to the welding process.

[0051] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the elastic element 4 adopts a spiral spring design and can be made of either insulating or conductive materials.

[0052] Third Embodiment

[0053] Please refer to Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment discloses another form of switching transistor. Similar to the second embodiment, the metal part 5 includes a low-conductivity metal material and a high-conductivity material. The difference is that the structure of the elastic part 4 and the arrangement of the metal part 5 are different from those in the second embodiment. The elastic part 4 is in the form of a corrugated tube, and the flexible conductor 6 between the metal part 5 and the second conductor 3 and the boss 51 that contacts the metal part 5 and the second conductor 3 are eliminated.

[0054] For details, please refer to Figure 7 As shown, a permanent magnet 54 is provided inside the internal cavity of the metal part 5. The elastic element 4 adopts a corrugated tube structure, with one end welded to the outer circle of the metal part 5 and the other end welded and fixed to the second conductor 3. When the metal part 5 comes into contact with the first conductor 2 under the action of an external magnetic field, the elastic element 4 will be stretched as the metal part 5 is attracted, and electrical energy will be transferred from the second conductor 3 to the metal part 5 and the first conductor 2 through the elastic element 4, realizing the conduction of the circuit. When the external magnetic field is removed, the metal part 5 is reset under the action of the elastic element 4. Therefore, the elastic element plays the role of conducting electricity and resetting.

[0055] This invention may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit and essential characteristics. The present embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as exemplary rather than limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all modifications falling within the meaning of the claims and their equivalents are thus included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A switching transistor, comprising an insulator (1), a first conductor (2), and a second conductor (3), characterized in that, The longitudinal cross section of the insulator (1) is H-shaped or I-shaped. A through central hole is provided on the insulator (1). The first conductor (2) and the second conductor (3) are respectively disposed at both ends of the insulator (1) and together form a sealed cavity. An elastic element (4) and a metal element (5) that can be driven by an external magnetic field are disposed in the sealed cavity. The metal element (5) can move linearly in the sealed cavity, and one end of the metal element (5) can contact or separate from the first conductor (2) to realize the circuit is turned on or off. The other end is connected to the second conductor (3) through a flexible conductor (6). The elastic element (4) is sleeved on the outside of the metal element (5) to provide a reset force for the reset of the metal element (5).

2. The switching transistor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed cavity is either in a vacuum state or filled with arc-blocking gas.

3. The switching transistor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal part (5) includes at least one of a high-conductivity metal material and a low-conductivity metal material.

4. The switching transistor according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the metal part (5) is driven by an external magnetic field, the elastic part (4) deforms accordingly.

5. The switching transistor according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the elastic element (4) is disposed on the metal element (5), and the other end is disposed on the insulator (1) or directly or indirectly disposed on the first conductor (2) or the second conductor (3).

6. The switching transistor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The metal part (5) includes a high-conductivity metal material and a low-conductivity metal material, wherein the low-conductivity metal material may be disposed inside, outside, above or below the high-conductivity metal material.

7. The switching transistor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic element (4) is made of steel wire or steel sheet.

8. The switching transistor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The low-conductivity metal material is a high-magnetic-permeability metal or a permanent magnet.

9. The switching transistor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first conductor (2) and the second conductor (3) are normally open or normally closed.

10. The switching transistor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external magnetic field is set outside the first conductor (2) or outside the second conductor (3).

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