Crushing device and grain crusher

Abstract

The present invention is applicable to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and provides a pulverizing device, which includes: a shell, a rotating shaft is rotatably arranged inside; a knife holder, rotatably arranged inside the shell and connected to the rotating shaft through fan blades, for forming a conveying airflow and a pulverizing mechanism; a driving member, connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission member, for driving the rotating shaft to rotate; wherein, a feed hopper is connected to the shell, and a discharge port is provided at at least one end of the shell. The knife holder and the fan blades cooperate to drive the material to form a material particle size distribution inside the shell, and the transmission and material distribution are completed by the rotation of the fan blades to provide power, making full use of the fluid mechanics structure, and the design is ingenious, which improves the pulverizing efficiency and pulverizing quality. The advantages of the present invention are simple structure, good pulverizing uniformity, high efficiency, energy saving, good synchronization, and easy promotion and implementation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and in particular relates to a pulverizing device and a grain pulverizer. Background Art

[0002] In the existing grain crushing market, most of the grinders use hammers installed on a high-speed rotating knife frame to crush the grain, and at the same time use a screen installed on the outside to screen the crushed product with a certain negative pressure. The target size of particles is screened through screens of different specifications. However, most of the grain crushing is used in the feed industry, fuel ethanol manufacturing industry and alcohol manufacturing industry. Although traditional grinders can crush grain until the particles reach the expected size, the particle size distribution is not ideal. Most of the particles are crushed too finely, resulting in fine powders wrapping the particles in the subsequent fermentation process, slowing down the fermentation process, and the fermentation is not sufficient, which greatly reduces the efficiency and output. This is because the screen can not only screen out particles of the corresponding size, but also finer powders can pass through the screen. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a pulverizing device to solve the problem of uneven pulverization.

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows: a crushing device, the crushing device comprising:

[0005] A housing, wherein a rotating shaft is rotatably arranged inside;

[0006] The knife holder is rotatably arranged inside the housing and connected to the rotating shaft through the fan blades to form a conveying airflow and a crushing mechanism;

[0007] A driving member, connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission member, and used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate;

[0008] The shell is connected to a feed hopper, and at least one end of the shell is provided with a discharge port.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, the material to be crushed is placed inside the feed hopper. Under the action of gravity, the material inside the feed hopper enters the inside of the shell. The drive member is started, and the transmission is performed through the transmission member. The rotating shaft rotates inside the shell, thereby driving the knife holder to rotate in a circle inside the shell. The material enters the inside of the shell, and the fan blades rotate with the rotating shaft and the knife holder, thereby generating an airflow in the shell in the same direction as the rotation of the rotating shaft. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, the material will have different centrifugal forces in the shell with strong airflow due to different masses, that is, the larger the mass of a single particle, the greater the centrifugal force it receives, and the closer it is to the edge of the crushing chamber; the smaller the mass of a single particle, the closer it is to the axis of the rotating shaft, thereby forming a coaxial particle wrapping layer from small to large particles. Therefore, materials of different particle sizes are distributed at different radii in the shell, and the knife holder rotates to crush the large particles of the outer layer, and quickly redistributes them under the action of the vortex formed by the fan blades, and finally the crushed materials are discharged from the discharge port at the end of the shell. Through the cooperation of the knife frame and the fan blades, the material is driven to form a material particle size distribution inside the shell, which is convenient for the knife frame to crush and make full use of the rotational kinetic energy of the knife frame and cooperate with the fan blades to timely redistribute the crushed material, thereby improving the autonomous distribution capability, avoiding excessive and insufficient crushing, and improving the uniformity of crushing. The transmission and material distribution are completed through the rotation of the fan blades to provide power, making full use of the fluid mechanics structure and ingeniously designed. The knife frame and the fan blades are driven to rotate by a driving member, which simplifies the structure of the crushing device, reduces the production cost, and has good synchronization.

[0010] Another purpose of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a grain grinder, comprising: a grinder as described above; wherein an ash outlet is provided at the end of the shell.

[0011] Under the action of the airflow formed by the fan blades, the dust is discharged through the ash outlet, thereby cleaning the dust in the grain and improving the cleanliness of the grain after crushing. A filter or gate can be set on the ash outlet to avoid the discharge of the crushed grain. During the crushing process, the grain is vibrated by the cutting force, which facilitates the separation of the grain and the dust. The dust is discharged by wind power, which simplifies the structure of the crusher, makes full use of wind power, saves energy, and has good synchronization.

[0012] The technical effect of the present invention: the original screen screening is abolished, and a new aerodynamic method is used for screening. The continuous consumption and increased costs caused by the screen can be completely avoided, and the problem of regular shutdown to replace the screen is also solved, thereby improving the utilization rate; the use of aerodynamics to screen the crushed product can better and more accurately control the particle size distribution of the product, so that almost all the crushed product particles are between 20 mesh and 40 mesh, which can provide better conditions for the subsequent fermentation process, speed up the fermentation efficiency, and increase the output; due to the use of aerodynamics to transport materials, and the absence of a screen to reduce the internal and external pressure difference, a lot of energy loss in operation is reduced, achieving the effect of energy saving. It is calculated that the power consumption can be reduced by 30%. The advantages of the present invention: simple structure, good crushing uniformity, high efficiency, energy saving, good synchronization, and easy promotion and implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an explosion three-dimensional structure of a crushing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a top view of a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 A left-side structural schematic diagram of a grain grinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the internal front view of the overall housing of a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an end cover of a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the right side structure of an end cover of a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the main structure of an end cover of a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a knife holder in a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Fig.11A schematic diagram of the right side structure of a knife holder in a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a knife holder in a grain grinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] In the attached figure: V-belt 1, driven pulley 2, bearing 3, discharge port 4, end cover 5, rotating shaft 6, tool holder 7, feed hopper 8, housing 9, fan blade 10, driving pulley 11, motor 12, electromagnet 13, ash discharge port 14, breaker hammer 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a structural diagram of a pulverizing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0029] The housing 9 has a rotating shaft 6 rotatably disposed therein;

[0030] The blade holder 7 is rotatably disposed inside the housing 9 and connected to the rotating shaft 6 via the fan blades 10, so as to form a conveying airflow and a crushing mechanism;

[0031] A driving member, connected to the rotating shaft 6 through a transmission member, and used for driving the rotating shaft 6 to rotate;

[0032] The shell 9 is connected to a feed hopper 8 , and at least one end of the shell 9 is provided with a discharge port 4 .

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, the material to be crushed is placed inside the feed hopper 8. Under the action of gravity, the material inside the feed hopper 8 enters the inside of the shell 9. The driving member is started, and the transmission is performed through the transmission member. The rotating shaft 6 rotates inside the shell 9, thereby driving the knife holder 7 to rotate in a circle inside the shell 9. The material enters the inside of the shell 9. The fan blades 10 rotate with the rotating shaft 6 and the knife holder 7, thereby generating an airflow in the shell 9 in the same direction as the rotation of the rotating shaft 6. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, the material will have different centrifugal forces in the shell 9 with strong airflow due to different masses, that is, the larger the mass of a single particle, the greater the centrifugal force it receives, and the closer it is to the edge of the crushing chamber; the smaller the mass of a single particle, the closer it is to the axis position of the rotating shaft 6, thereby forming a coaxial particle wrapping layer of particles from small to large. Therefore, materials of different particle sizes are distributed at different radii in the shell 9, and the knife holder 7 rotates to crush the large particle materials in the outer layer, and quickly redistributes them under the action of the vortex formed by the fan blades 10, and finally the crushed materials are discharged from the discharge port 4 at the end of the shell 9. Through the cooperation of the knife frame 7 and the fan blades 10, the material is driven to form a material particle size distribution inside the shell 9, which is convenient for the knife frame 7 to perform crushing. It is convenient to make full use of the rotational kinetic energy of the knife frame 7 and cooperate with the fan blades 10 to timely redistribute the crushed material, thereby improving the autonomous distribution capability, avoiding excessive and insufficient crushing, and improving the uniformity of crushing. The fan blades 10 are rotated to complete the transmission and material distribution to provide power, fully utilize the fluid mechanics structure, and have an ingenious design. The knife frame 7 and the fan blades 10 are driven to rotate by a driving member, which simplifies the structure of the crushing device, reduces the production cost, and has good synchronization.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the shell 9 can be a cylindrical structure with both ends sealed, and the knife holder 7 is a hollow cylindrical grid structure, which is convenient for the material to pass through the knife holder 7 for transmission, so that the material can flow smoothly in the shell 9 to the discharge port 4 and be discharged. The grid structure of the knife holder 7 forms a cutting force to facilitate crushing. The driving member can be a motor 12, a fuel engine, etc., which are not described here. The material is subjected to centrifugal force. The feed hopper 8 is opened at the top position of the shell 9, so that the material can enter the interior of the shell 9 under the action of gravity. The feed hopper 8 can be a funnel-shaped structure to facilitate the entry of materials. The feed control structure is set inside the feed hopper 8 to quantitatively control the entry of materials. The transmission member can be a gear combination or a pulley combination, among which the pulley combination is preferred. The pulley combination includes a driven pulley 2 and a driving pulley 11. The driven pulley 2 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 6, and the driving pulley 11 is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving member. The driven pulley 2 and the driving pulley 11 are connected by a V-belt 1 for transmission, and the transmission stability is good.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of crushing parts are fixedly arranged on the tool holder 7, and the crushing parts rotate with the tool holder 7, thereby crushing the material, making the crushing more complete, and improving the crushing quality and efficiency. The crushing parts can be structures such as a crushing hammer 15 and a crushing knife.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge port 4 is opened at the 1 / 3 radius of the outer end of the radial position of the end of the shell 9, so as to facilitate the discharge of the material. The discharge port 4 is opened at the end of the shell 9 and the bottom fan blade 10 rotates 60° in the circumferential direction. According to actual production calculations, assuming that the water content of the crushed material is 12%, the motor speed is 3000r / min, and the vast majority (≥80%) of 20-40 mesh (i.e., the particle radius is 0.85mm-0.425mm) is distributed at 1 / 3 radius and discharged from 60°.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conveying pipe is installed at the discharge port 4, and a fan is used in the conveying pipe to provide a certain amount of negative pressure to guide the product to the next step. Due to the action of the fan blades 10, the power of the fan guiding the material at the discharge port 4 can be reduced.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the housing 9 includes a cylinder and end caps 5 at both ends. The end caps 5 are fixedly connected to the two ends of the cylinder by screws, so that the housing 9 can be disassembled, assembled and maintained conveniently and quickly. The rotating shaft 6 is rotatably arranged at the axial position of the housing 9, and the end of the rotating shaft 6 is rotatably connected to the end caps 5 through the bearings 3, thereby reducing the friction force of the rotating shaft 6. The end caps 5 are provided with reinforcing ribs, and the provision of the reinforcing ribs increases the supporting strength of the end caps 5, thereby increasing the strength of the housing 9 and preventing the housing 9 from being deformed during use.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the crushing efficiency of the crushing device, the discharge of the material is easily blocked to a certain extent, so the shell 9 is divided into two sections from the middle. At this time, the feed hopper 8 is in the middle position of the shell 9, and the discharge port 4 is set at both ends of the shell 9. The two sides of the feed hopper 8 are provided with fan blades 10 on the rotating shaft 6, and the transmission directions of the fan blades 10 at both ends are opposite. The interior of the shell 9 is provided with a partition to separate and avoid mutual interference of airflows. At this time, the feed hopper 8 is suitable for being arranged in the middle position of the shell 9, and the partition is below the middle position of the feed hopper 8. In this way, while solving the material discharge problem, the crushing efficiency can also be accelerated. Different blade shapes are made on the fan blades 10 on both sides to guide the airflow direction from the middle to the two sides, and two mutually axially symmetrical discharge ports are set on both sides at the same time. So that the material can be evenly distributed to the left and right crushing chambers. Because the two tool holders 7 work at the same time under the action of a driving member, the energy consumption will be reduced accordingly when the output is the same. At the same time, the fan blades 10 play the role of a fan. According to calculations, the energy consumption can be saved by about 30% compared with the traditional crusher.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one iron removal member is provided on the feed hopper 8, and the iron-containing impurities in the material are removed by the iron removal member, which ensures the quality of the product on the one hand, and protects the hammer and the tool holder on the other hand. Four iron removal members can be provided around the feed hopper 8, thereby improving the iron removal efficiency, and the iron removal member can be an electromagnet 13, a permanent magnet, etc.

[0041] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stone removal box is provided at the bottom of the housing 9, and debris such as crushed stones will not be discharged with the product, and will always keep moving in the crushing chamber, which is easy to damage the hammer and the knife holder. Therefore, according to the difference in the properties of gravel, stone and crops (crops are more fragile, have lower density, and the mass of particles of the same size is smaller), debris such as crushed stones are subjected to greater centrifugal force and enter the stone removal box for collection, so as to remove other impurities mixed in the raw materials and directly discharge them to the outside.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulverizing device generates airflow to transport and convey materials by the fan blades 10, so it is more likely to cause the problem of excessive dust density or dust leakage. To address this problem, a dust cover is provided on the outside of the housing 9 and a sealed design is adopted at the feed hopper 8 and the discharge port 4 to prevent dust leakage. A settling space is left in the dust cover so that the isolated dust can settle and be discharged.

[0043] like Figure 2-12 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a grain grinder, comprising: a grinder as described above; wherein an ash outlet 14 is provided at the end of the shell 9.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, the grain to be crushed is placed inside the feed hopper 8. Under the action of gravity, the grain inside the feed hopper 8 enters the inside of the shell 9. The driving member is started, and the transmission is performed through the transmission member. The rotating shaft 6 rotates inside the shell 9, thereby driving the knife holder 7 to rotate in a circle inside the shell 9. The grain enters the inside of the shell 9. The fan blades 10 rotate along with the rotating shaft 6 and the knife holder 7, thereby generating an airflow in the shell 9 in the same direction as the rotation of the rotating shaft 6. Grains of different particle sizes are distributed on different radii in the shell 9. The knife holder 7 rotates to crush the large particles of the outer layer, and the vortex formed by the fan blades 10 is quickly and fully distributed. Finally, the crushed grain is discharged from the discharge port 4 at the end of the shell 9. Under the action of the airflow formed by the fan blades 10, the dust is discharged through the ash outlet 14, thereby cleaning the dust in the grain and improving the cleanliness of the crushed grain. A filter or a gate can be provided on the ash outlet 14 to avoid the discharge of grain after crushing. During the crushing process, the grain is vibrated by the cutting force, which facilitates the separation of grain and dust. The dust is discharged by wind power, which simplifies the structure of the grinder, makes full use of wind power, saves energy, and has good synchronization.

[0045] In the above embodiment of the present invention, a pulverizing device is provided, and a grain pulverizer is provided based on the pulverizing device. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, the material in the housing 9 with strong airflow will have different centrifugal forces due to different masses. Therefore, materials of different particle sizes are distributed on different radii in the housing 9. The knife holder 7 rotates to pulverize the large particle materials in the outer layer, and quickly redistributes them under the action of the vortex formed by the fan blades 10. Finally, the pulverized materials are discharged from the discharge port 4 at the end of the housing 9. The knife holder 7 and the fan blades 10 cooperate to drive the materials to form a material particle size distribution inside the housing 9, which is convenient for the knife holder 7 to pulverize, and to make full use of the rotational kinetic energy of the knife holder 7 and cooperate with the fan blades 10 to timely redistribute the pulverized materials, thereby improving the autonomous distribution ability, avoiding excessive pulverization and insufficient pulverization, and improving the uniformity of pulverization. The fan blades 10 rotate to complete the transmission and material distribution to provide power, fully utilize the fluid mechanics structure, and are cleverly designed. The knife holder 7 and the fan blades 10 are driven to rotate by a driving member, so that the structure of the pulverizing device is simplified, the production cost is reduced, and the synchronization is good. During the crushing process, the grain is subjected to the cutting force and vibrates, which facilitates the separation of the grain and dust. The dust is discharged by wind power, which simplifies the structure of the crusher, makes full use of wind power, saves energy, and has good synchronization.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comminution device, characterized in that: The pulverizing device comprises: A housing, wherein a rotating shaft is rotatably arranged inside; The knife holder is rotatably arranged inside the housing and connected to the rotating shaft through the fan blades to form a conveying airflow and a crushing mechanism; A driving member, connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission member, and used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate; Among them, a feed hopper is connected to the shell, and a discharge port is opened at at least one end of the shell. The feed hopper is located in the middle position of the shell. Fan blades are arranged on the rotating shaft on both sides of the feed hopper, and the transmission directions of the fan blades at both ends are opposite. A partition is arranged inside the shell for separation, and the partition is located below the middle position of the feed hopper. The tool holder is a hollow cylindrical grid structure.

2. A comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission member is a pulley combination, which includes a driven pulley and a driving pulley. The driven pulley is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the driving pulley is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving member. The driven pulley and the driving pulley are connected by a V-belt.

3. A comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of crushing pieces are fixedly arranged on the tool holder.

4. A comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge port is opened at 1 / 3 radius of the outer end of the radial position of the shell end.

5. A comminution device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The discharge port is opened at the end of the shell and the bottom fan blade rotates 60 degrees in the circumferential direction.

6. A comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell comprises a cylinder and end covers at both ends, and the end covers are detachably fixedly connected to the two ends of the cylinder.

7. A comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge ports are arranged at two ends of the shell.

8. A comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one iron removal component is arranged on the feed hopper.

9. A comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stone removal box for collecting crushed stones is arranged at the bottom of the shell.

10. A grain crusher, characterized in that: The grain crusher comprises: A comminution device according to any one of claims 1 to 9; Wherein, an ash outlet is provided at the end of the shell.

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