A turbocharger thrust bearing body system structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a turbocharger thrust bearing system structure, wherein the bearing body has a first main thrust surface facing the turbine and a first secondary thrust surface facing the impeller. The bearing sleeve has a second main thrust surface facing the impeller, which cooperates with the first main thrust surface. The rotating body has a second secondary thrust surface facing the turbine, which cooperates with the first secondary thrust surface. An oil storage chamber is provided between the bearing body and the bearing housing. The bearing body has a first lubricating oil channel and a second lubricating oil channel connected to the oil storage chamber. The first lubricating oil channel is used to supply oil between the first secondary thrust surface and the second secondary thrust surface, and the second lubricating oil channel is used to supply oil between the first main thrust surface and the second main thrust surface. The main thrust surface and the secondary thrust surface are respectively arranged on both sides of the integral thrust bearing body, cooperate with the bearing sleeve and the speed measuring disc, and withstand axial bidirectional thrust. At the same time, an oil channel is provided in the bearing body to supply oil to the thrust surfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of turbocharger bearings, and in particular to a turbocharger thrust bearing body system structure. Background Art

[0002] With the continued expansion of high-power diesel engine applications in railway locomotives, marine vessels, and other fields, the performance and reliability requirements for diesel engines are gradually increasing: higher power, faster response speeds, and more stringent reliability requirements. In particular, in recent years, the increasing adoption of sequential and multi-stage supercharging control strategies in diesel engines has brought more complex operating conditions and more stringent reliability requirements to the supercharger bearing system. As one of the most important core components of a diesel engine, the turbocharger not only fulfills the basic function of compressing air and reusing exhaust gases to produce work, but also plays an even more important role in improving the diesel engine's supercharging control strategy.

[0003] Since the sequential supercharging system requires multiple superchargers to frequently switch between shutdown and startup states, and the superchargers must also meet the requirements of emergency start and stop and rapid acceleration of the diesel engine, in the multi-stage supercharging system, since there is a stage of supercharger rotor that does not rotate, or the axial thrust of the high-pressure stage supercharger rotor is pushed from the compressor end to the turbine end, the supercharger must be able to withstand a sudden increase in large axial thrust. This large axial thrust is pushed from the turbine end to the compressor end during emergency start, and from the compressor end to the turbine end during emergency stop. This is a great test for the main thrust surface and the auxiliary thrust surface of the supercharger.

[0004] In traditional turbocharger rotor bearing structures, the thrust bearing and compressor-end bearing housing are split. Due to spatial constraints, the thrust bearing is sandwiched between the compressor bearing housing, bearing sleeve, and thrust ring. Consequently, the primary thrust surface is larger than the secondary thrust surface, and both surfaces are relatively small. This traditional design, with a large primary thrust surface and a small secondary thrust surface, no longer meets the requirements of diesel engines, exhibits significant reliability deficiencies, and offers limited room for optimization, significantly impacting the turbocharger's overall service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a turbocharger thrust bearing body system structure to solve the above problems.

[0006] A turbocharger thrust bearing system structure comprises: a bearing housing and a bearing body, wherein the bearing body is axially fixed in the bearing housing;

[0007] The bearing body has a first main thrust surface facing the turbine and a first secondary thrust surface facing the impeller, the turbine and the impeller are connected by a main shaft, a rotating body and a bearing sleeve are provided on the main shaft, the bearing sleeve has a second main thrust surface facing the impeller and cooperating with the first main thrust surface, and the rotating body has a second secondary thrust surface facing the turbine and cooperating with the first secondary thrust surface;

[0008] An oil storage chamber is provided between the bearing body and the bearing housing, and a first lubricating oil channel and a second lubricating oil channel connected to the oil storage chamber are provided within the bearing body. The first lubricating oil channel is used to supply oil between the first secondary thrust surface and the second secondary thrust surface, and the second lubricating oil channel is used to supply oil between the first main thrust surface and the second main thrust surface.

[0009] Furthermore, a compressor end radial bearing is provided on the bearing sleeve, a first radial gap is provided between the compressor end radial bearing and the bearing body, the first lubricating oil channel is connected to the first radial gap, and the first radial gap is connected to the gap between the first secondary thrust surface and the second secondary thrust surface.

[0010] Furthermore, there is a second radial gap between the rotating body and the bearing sleeve, the second radial gap is communicated with the gap between the first main thrust surface and the second main thrust surface, and the second lubricating oil channel is communicated with the second radial gap.

[0011] Furthermore, the bearing body has a third lubricating oil channel connected to the oil storage chamber, and the bearing housing has a fourth lubricating oil channel connected to the third lubricating oil channel, and the fourth lubricating oil channel is used to supply oil to the turbine end radial bearing.

[0012] Furthermore, the bearing housing has an oil inlet channel, the oil inlet channel is communicated with the oil storage chamber, and the oil inlet channel is provided with a control valve.

[0013] Furthermore, the bearing housing has an oil outlet channel, and the oil outlet channel is arranged below the bearing housing.

[0014] Furthermore, the oil storage cavity is an annular cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, the rotating body is a speed measuring disc.

[0016] The present invention discloses a turbocharger thrust bearing system structure, in which a primary thrust surface and a secondary thrust surface are respectively disposed on either side of an integral thrust bearing body, cooperating with a bearing sleeve and a speed measuring disc to withstand axial bidirectional thrust. At the same time, an oil passage is provided within the bearing body to supply oil to the thrust surface. The present invention has a simple and compact structure, fully utilizes space, effectively increases the area of the thrust surface, and realizes a turbocharger bearing structure for diesel engines operating under sequential and multi-stage supercharging conditions, thereby improving overall machine reliability and being widely applicable to various diesel engine turbochargers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a turbocharger bearing system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B;

[0021] Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of the bearing body disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1. Bearing housing; 2. Bearing body; 21. First main thrust surface; 22. First secondary thrust surface; 3. Turbine; 4. Impeller; 5. Main shaft; 6. Rotating body; 61. Second secondary thrust surface; 7. Bearing sleeve; 71. Second main thrust surface; 8. Oil storage chamber; 9. First lubricating oil channel; 10. Second lubricating oil channel; 11. Compressor end radial bearing; 12. First radial gap; 13. Second radial gap; 14. Third lubricating oil channel; 15. Fourth lubricating oil channel; 16. Oil inlet channel; 17. Oil outlet channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a turbocharger thrust bearing system structure comprises: a bearing housing 1 and a bearing body 2, wherein the bearing body 2 is axially fixed in the bearing housing 1 by bolts;

[0025] The bearing body 2 has a first main thrust surface 21 facing the turbine 3 and a first secondary thrust surface 22 facing the impeller 4. The turbine 3 and the impeller 4 are connected by a main shaft 5. The main shaft 5 is provided with a rotor 6 and a bearing sleeve 7. The bearing sleeve 7 has a second main thrust surface 71 facing the impeller 4 and cooperating with the first main thrust surface 21. The rotor 6 has a second secondary thrust surface 61 facing the turbine 3 and cooperating with the first secondary thrust surface 22.

[0026] The bearing body 2 and the bearing sleeve 7 cooperate to form a main thrust friction pair, and the bearing body 2 and the rotating body 6 cooperate to form a secondary thrust friction pair. In this embodiment, the rotating body 6 is a speed measuring disc.

[0027] There is an oil storage chamber 8 between the bearing body 2 and the bearing housing 1. The oil storage chamber 8 is an annular chamber. The bearing body 2 has a first lubricating oil channel 9 and a second lubricating oil channel 10 connected to the oil storage chamber 8. The first lubricating oil channel 9 is used to supply oil between the first secondary thrust surface 22 and the second secondary thrust surface 61, and the second lubricating oil channel 10 is used to supply oil between the first main thrust surface 21 and the second main thrust surface 71.

[0028] The bearing body 2 is axially fitted with the bearing sleeve 7, and the bearing sleeve 7 is connected to the main shaft 5 with a radial interference fit. When the supercharger is working normally, the bearing sleeve 7 rotates with the rotor main shaft and is subjected to the axial thrust from the turbine end to the compressor end, and is axially squeezed with the bearing body 2, which plays a role in preventing the axial position.

[0029] The bearing housing 1 also has an oil inlet passage 16, which communicates with the oil reservoir 8 and is equipped with a control valve. Lubricating oil enters through the oil inlet passage 16. When the control valve is fully opened, the oil fills the oil reservoir 8 and simultaneously enters the first and second oil passages 9 and 10, lubricating the primary and secondary thrust surfaces, respectively.

[0030] When operating in sequential or multi-stage supercharging mode, the supercharger rotor is subjected to a reverse axial thrust from the compressor end to the turbine end. At this time, the bearing sleeve 7 and the bearing body 2 are out of contact at the primary thrust surface. Correspondingly, the bearing body 2 and the speed measuring disc are fitted under the action of the reverse axial force and axially squeezed on the secondary thrust surface. The lubricating oil circulation mode of the supercharger remains unchanged.

[0031] Both the main thrust surface and the auxiliary thrust surface are treated with ADLC carbon coating to improve the wear resistance of the friction pair.

[0032] The bearing sleeve 7 is provided with a compressor-end radial bearing 11. A first radial gap 12 exists between the compressor-end radial bearing 11 and the bearing body 2. The first lubricating oil channel 9 is connected to the first radial gap 12. The first radial gap 12 is connected to the gap between the first secondary thrust surface 22 and the second secondary thrust surface 61.

[0033] Bearing body 2 and compressor-end radial bearing 11 are positioned using locating pins. This ensures that the compressor radial bearing does not rotate with the rotor during operation, yet maintains a sufficient clearance to ensure lubrication. Lubricating oil flows through first oil passage 9 into first radial gap 12, then lubricates the secondary thrust surface and compressor-end radial bearing 11, respectively.

[0034] A second radial gap 13 exists between the rotating body 6 and the bearing sleeve 7 . The second radial gap 13 is connected to the gap between the first main thrust surface 21 and the second main thrust surface 71 . The second lubricating oil channel 10 is connected to the second radial gap 13 .

[0035] The lubricating oil enters the second radial gap 13 through the second lubricating oil passage 10 and then lubricates the main thrust surface.

[0036] The bearing body 2 has a third lubricating oil passage 14 communicating with the oil storage chamber 8, and the bearing housing 1 has a fourth lubricating oil passage 15 communicating with the third lubricating oil passage 14. The fourth lubricating oil passage 15 is used to supply oil to the turbine end radial bearing.

[0037] The compressor end radial bearing 11 and the turbine end radial bearing bear the radial forces of the main shaft, turbine and impeller, and support the rotor.

[0038] The bearing housing 1 has an oil outlet passage 17, located below the bearing housing 1. This embodiment implements a supercharger oil inlet and return system, with oil entering through the oil inlet passage 16 and exiting through the oil outlet passage 17. The oil inlet passage 16 is equipped with an oil control valve. When the supercharger is operating normally, the oil control valve is fully opened. When the supercharger is idling or not operating, the oil control valve is less open. Furthermore, the oil reservoir 8 ensures that the oil can self-lubricate during sudden supercharger starts and stops, providing short-term bearing protection.

[0039] In this embodiment, the rotating body 6 is a speed measuring disc, which cooperates with the bearing sleeve 7 through the compressor impeller 4 and the main shaft 5 to achieve axial compression and coaxial rotation, and cooperates with the integral thrust bearing body 2 to form a primary and secondary friction pair.

[0040] This embodiment implements a rotor system consisting of a compressor impeller 4, a speed measuring disc 18, a bearing sleeve 7, a main shaft 5, and a turbine 3. This system, in conjunction with an integral thrust bearing body 2, forms the axial structure for the primary and secondary thrust pairs. During normal operation of the supercharger, the bearing sleeve 7 rotates with the rotor main shaft 5 and, acting upon it by axial thrust from the turbine end toward the compressor end, creates an axial compression force against the primary thrust surface of the thrust bearing body 2, forming an oil film bearing capacity on the primary thrust surface and ensuring proper operation of the rotor's primary friction pair.

[0041] When operating in sequential or multi-stage supercharging mode, the supercharger rotor is subjected to reverse axial thrust from the compressor end to the turbine end. At this point, the bearing sleeve 7 and the primary thrust surface of the bearing body 2 are disengaged. The thrust bearing body 2 and the speed plate are then engaged by the reverse axial force, creating an axial squeeze on the secondary thrust surface. This creates an oil film on the secondary thrust surface, ensuring proper operation of the rotor friction pair. Since the supercharger oil control valve opens more narrowly than during normal operation, a secondary thrust surface with a larger area and greater load-bearing capacity is required.

[0042] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0043] 1. The use of an integrated thrust bearing body greatly simplifies the number of parts without affecting the performance of the supercharger, reduces the structural constraints between them, provides a space basis for increasing the area of the main and auxiliary thrust surfaces, and facilitates user maintenance.

[0044] 2. The bearing body adopts an integrated structure, which can be processed and formed as a whole, resulting in lower manufacturing costs and higher product precision. At the same time, the integrated structure determines that fewer parts are required, the working stability of the parts is higher, and the bearing service life is longer.

[0045] 3. The product design is highly modular and can be widely used in supercharger products of different sizes and purposes, with strong expansion capabilities.

[0046] 4. This invention effectively targets turbochargers in high-power, high-pressure ratio sequential or multi-stage supercharging systems. It strengthens the main and auxiliary thrust surfaces of the turbocharger under repeated high axial thrust. The new turbocharger thrust bearing system structure has the ability to resist special operating conditions such as rotor reversal, low-speed rotor operation, and sudden start and stop of the turbocharger.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turbocharger thrust bearing system structure, characterized in that: include: A bearing housing (1) and a bearing body (2), wherein the bearing body (2) is axially fixed in the bearing housing (1); The bearing body (2) has a first main thrust surface (21) facing the turbine (3) and a first secondary thrust surface (22) facing the impeller (4); the turbine (3) and the impeller (4) are connected via a main shaft (5); a rotating body (6) and a bearing sleeve (7) are provided on the main shaft (5); the bearing sleeve (7) has a second main thrust surface (71) facing the impeller (4) and cooperating with the first main thrust surface (21); the rotating body (6) has a second secondary thrust surface (61) facing the turbine (3) and cooperating with the first secondary thrust surface (22); An oil storage chamber (8) is provided between the bearing body (2) and the bearing housing (1); a first lubricating oil channel (9) and a second lubricating oil channel (10) are provided in the bearing body (2) and are communicated with the oil storage chamber (8); the first lubricating oil channel (9) is used to supply oil between the first secondary thrust surface (22) and the second secondary thrust surface (61); and the second lubricating oil channel (10) is used to supply oil between the first main thrust surface (21) and the second main thrust surface (71).

2. A turbocharger thrust bearing system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A compressor end radial bearing (11) is provided on the bearing sleeve (7), a first radial gap (12) exists between the compressor end radial bearing (11) and the bearing body (2), the first lubricating oil channel (9) is connected to the first radial gap (12), and the first radial gap (12) is connected to the gap between the first secondary thrust surface (22) and the second secondary thrust surface (61).

3. The turbocharger thrust bearing system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second radial gap (13) exists between the rotating body (6) and the bearing sleeve (7), the second radial gap (13) is connected to the gap between the first main thrust surface (21) and the second main thrust surface (71), and the second lubricating oil channel (10) is connected to the second radial gap (13).

4. A turbocharger thrust bearing system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing body (2) has a third lubricating oil passage (14) communicating with the oil storage chamber (8), and the bearing housing (1) has a fourth lubricating oil passage (15) communicating with the third lubricating oil passage (14). The fourth lubricating oil passage (15) is used to supply oil to the turbine end radial bearing.

5. The turbocharger thrust bearing system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing housing (1) has an oil inlet passage (16), the oil inlet passage (16) is communicated with the oil storage chamber (8), and the oil inlet passage (16) is provided with a control valve.

6. The turbocharger thrust bearing system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing housing (1) has an oil outlet channel (17), and the oil outlet channel (17) is arranged below the bearing housing (1).

7. The turbocharger thrust bearing system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil storage cavity (8) is an annular cavity.

8. The turbocharger thrust bearing system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating body (6) is a speed measuring disc.

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