A hydrogenation station and a hydrogenation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of new energy and low-temperature refrigeration technology, and discloses a hydrogen filling station and a hydrogen filling method, including: a storage module for storing liquid hydrogen, low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen and normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; a first filling module for filling liquid hydrogen into a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank; a second filling module for filling low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen into a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank; a third filling module for filling normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen into a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank; a control module, including a control unit and a detection unit, the detection unit is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank, and the control unit is used to control the first filling module, the second filling module and the third filling module to fill the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank according to the temperature and pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank. It not only ensures the amount of hydrogen filled in the tank but also avoids increasing the hydrogen loss of the hydrogen filling station; different hydrogen can be loaded into different vehicles, thereby adapting to different needs, increasing the sales area and expanding the sales channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy and low-temperature refrigeration technology, and in particular to a hydrogenation station and a hydrogenation method. Background Art

[0002] At present, in addition to normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen refueling stations, there are also liquid hydrogen refueling stations. On-board hydrogen storage methods also include metal hydride and organic liquid hydrogen storage. Among them, normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage has a low volume hydrogen storage density due to the influence of hydrogen's own density; while metal hydride hydrogen storage and organic liquid hydrogen storage have a low mass hydrogen storage density; liquid hydrogen is easy to evaporate and thus cause the tank pressure to rise rapidly. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen refueling station and a hydrogen refueling method, aiming to solve the problems in the prior art that normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage has a relatively low volumetric hydrogen storage density due to the influence of the density of hydrogen itself; while metal hydride hydrogen storage and organic liquid hydrogen storage have a relatively low mass hydrogen storage density; and liquid hydrogen is easy to evaporate and thus causes the tank pressure to increase rapidly.

[0004] An embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen refueling station, including: a storage module for storing liquid hydrogen, low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen and normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen. A first filling module for filling a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen; a second filling module for filling a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; a third filling module for filling a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; a control module including a control unit and a detection unit, the detection unit being used to detect the temperature and pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank, the control unit being used to control the first filling module, the second filling module and the third filling module to fill the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank according to the temperature and pressure of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank.

[0005] In one embodiment of the present invention, the storage module comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank for storing liquid hydrogen and a normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank for storing normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen; the liquid hydrogen storage tank (4) is used for the first filling module and the second filling module, and the normal temperature and high pressure storage tank (5) is used for the third filling module.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first filling module includes a submersible pump and a liquid hydrogen filling gun with reflux; the reflux port of the liquid hydrogen filling gun with reflux is connected to the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second filling module includes a plunger pump and a low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen filling gun with reflux; the reflux port of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen filling gun with reflux is connected to the normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third filling module includes two hydrogen compressors; one of the hydrogen compressors is arranged between the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank and the first filling module and the second filling module; and one of the hydrogen compressors is arranged between the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank and the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank.

[0009] The present invention also provides a hydrogenation method, comprising the steps of: S1, judging whether the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is safe; if not, stopping the filling; if so, judging in turn whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank belongs to the first temperature interval, the second temperature interval or the third temperature interval; if it belongs to the first temperature interval, entering step S2; if it belongs to the second temperature interval, entering step S3; if it belongs to the third temperature interval, entering step S4; S2, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen; S3, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen; S4, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with normal-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature range of the first temperature interval is 20-25K; the temperature range of the second temperature interval is 25-50K; and the temperature range of the third temperature interval is above 50K.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes the steps of: using liquid hydrogen to cool the on-board hydrogen storage tank while filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen, and determining whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than the saturation temperature of hydrogen under the on-board liquid hydrogen storage pressure; if not, stopping cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank; if so, continuing to cool the on-board hydrogen storage tank and discharging the cooling hydrogen into the normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes the steps of: cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen, and discharging the liquid hydrogen used for cooling into a normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; judging whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 25K; if so, returning to the previous step to continue cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank; if not, pressurizing the liquid hydrogen with a plunger pump to form low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen and filling it into the on-board hydrogen storage tank.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes the steps of: compressing the hydrogen stored in the room temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank to a preset pressure through a hydrogen compressor and filling it into the on-board hydrogen storage tank, or directly pressurizing the liquid hydrogen to a preset pressure through a plunger pump and filling it into the on-board hydrogen storage tank.

[0014] Based on the above technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen refueling method proposed in the embodiments of the present invention can load low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen with a higher density than liquid hydrogen into the on-board hydrogen storage tank, thereby reducing the capacity and volume of the on-board hydrogen storage tank; when loading liquid hydrogen or low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen into the on-board gas storage tank, the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen filled in the on-board storage tank can be guaranteed, and there is no need to vent the hydrogen used for pre-cooling the on-board storage tank, nor is there a need to return the pre-cooling hydrogen to the liquid hydrogen storage tank to accelerate the volatilization of liquid hydrogen, thereby ensuring the amount of hydrogen filled in the tank and avoiding increasing the hydrogen loss of the hydrogen refueling station; different hydrogen can be loaded into different vehicles, thereby adapting to the different needs of different drivers, increasing the sales area, and expanding the sales channels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen refueling station of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic flow chart of the hydrogenation method of the present invention.

[0017] Component number description:

[0018] 1 On-board liquid hydrogen storage tank, 2 On-board low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, 3 On-board normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, 4 Liquid hydrogen storage tank, 5 Normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, 6 Submersible pump, 7 Liquid hydrogen filling gun, 8 Plunger pump, 9 Low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen filling gun, 10 Hydrogen compressor, 11 Control module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time.

[0021] In addition, it should be noted that the terms left, right, up, down, etc. in the embodiments of the present invention are only relative concepts or are based on the normal use state of the product, and should not be considered as restrictive. The implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1The diagram shows the structure of the hydrogen refueling station in the present invention. The present invention proposes a hydrogen refueling station, including: a storage module for storing liquid hydrogen, low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen and room-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; a first filling module for filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen, that is, filling it to Figure 1 The on-board liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 in the vehicle; the second filling module is used to fill the on-board hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, that is, to fill it to Figure 1 The vehicle-mounted low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 2 in the vehicle; the third filling module is used to fill the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with normal temperature high-pressure hydrogen, that is, to fill it to Figure 1 The on-board normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 3 is in the vehicle. The control module 11 includes a control unit and a detection unit, wherein the detection unit is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank, and the control unit is used to control the first filling module, the second filling module and the third filling module to fill the on-board hydrogen storage tank according to the temperature and pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank. The detection unit and the control unit jointly ensure the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen filled by the filling module to the on-board hydrogen storage tank, thereby ensuring the hydrogen filling amount of the on-board hydrogen storage tank.

[0023] Furthermore, the storage module includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 for storing liquid hydrogen and a normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 for storing normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen. In a preferred embodiment, the first filling module includes a submersible pump 6 and a liquid hydrogen filling gun 7 with reflux; the reflux port of the liquid hydrogen filling gun 7 with reflux is connected to the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5. The second filling module includes a plunger pump 8 and a low temperature and high pressure hydrogen filling gun 9 with reflux; the reflux port of the low temperature and high pressure hydrogen filling gun 9 with reflux is connected to the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5. The third filling module includes two hydrogen compressors 10; one of the hydrogen compressors 10 is arranged between the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 and the first filling module and the second filling module; one of the hydrogen compressors 10 is arranged between the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 and the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank. During the refueling process, the temperature and pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage tank are constantly monitored. For the on-board tank temperature, the backflow must be turned on or off. The liquid level can also be monitored to determine whether the backflow is turned off. Usually, no matter what type of hydrogen is refueled, the temperature and pressure of the onboard tank must be guaranteed to ensure the amount of hydrogen refueled. The density of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen that the hydrogen refueling station refuels the car can exceed 1atm, about 71kg / m 3 The density of liquid hydrogen below. The present invention can be based on liquid hydrogen transportation; can fill the car with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen whose density is higher than that of liquid hydrogen, such as filling the car with hydrogen at a state of 40K / 35MPa or 60K / 70MPa; can fill the car with normal temperature high-pressure hydrogen with a pressure of 35 / 70MPa; can also fill the car with liquid hydrogen; can automatically determine whether the vehicle should be filled with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, normal temperature high-pressure hydrogen or liquid hydrogen according to the temperature of the inner tank of the on-board gas storage cylinder.

[0024] The following is an example to illustrate:

[0025] After the liquid hydrogen transport tanker arrives at the hydrogen refueling station, the transport liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 is connected to the liquid hydrogen submersible pump 6 and the plunger pump 8 on the station through a three-way connection. The submersible pump 6 provides liquid hydrogen to the vehicle storage tank, and the plunger pump 8 mainly provides low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen to the vehicle storage tank. It can also be used as the submersible pump 6 to provide liquid hydrogen to the vehicle storage tank. Whether it is filling the vehicle hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen through the plunger pump 8, or filling the vehicle hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen through the submersible pump 6, it is all through the filling gun with reflux.

[0026] If the vehicle storage tank is filled with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, the plunger pump 8 is first used as the submersible pump 6 and the filling gun circuit is opened to cool the vehicle hydrogen storage tank; when the temperature of the vehicle storage tank drops below 25K, the outlet pressure of the plunger pump 8 is gradually increased to 35MPa and the reflux system is closed to fill the vehicle hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen with a pressure of 35MPa and a temperature of a given temperature such as 40K. If the vehicle storage tank is filled with liquid hydrogen, the reflux system is first opened, and the liquid level is paid attention to at the same time; when the liquid level reaches 5% of the full liquid level of the vehicle storage tank, the reflux system is closed, and when the liquid level reaches 90% of the full liquid level of the vehicle storage tank, the submersible pump 6 is closed to ensure that the vehicle liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 has about 10% of the space for liquid hydrogen evaporation. It can also be judged whether the liquid level of the vehicle hydrogen storage tank is higher than 5%. If not, continue to cool the vehicle hydrogen storage tank; if so, stop cooling the vehicle hydrogen storage tank.

[0027] When loading low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen or liquid hydrogen into the on-board storage tank, there may be reflux hydrogen. The reflux hydrogen is injected into the hydrogen storage tank with a pressure of 35MPa brought by the hydrogen filling station through the hydrogen compressor 10. It can be a normal temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 without a vacuum interlayer or a low temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank with a vacuum interlayer. The latter is recommended because the reflux is low-temperature hydrogen, which has a cold preservation effect and can be loaded more, and the hydrogen stored in the latter does not require a water cooler before entering the hydrogen compressor 10. If the on-board storage tank is filled with normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen, the hydrogen in the station high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is pressurized to 70MPa by a compressor and then filled into the on-board normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 5. As for which type of hydrogen is good for the vehicle, the hydrogen filling station has a special sensor and analysis system connected to the thermometer and pressure gauge of the on-board hydrogen storage tank, and can prompt the type of hydrogen to be added according to the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank. For example: when the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is lower than 30K, a prompt is given to add liquid hydrogen; when the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 25K and lower than 80K, a prompt is given to add low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; when the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 80K, a prompt is given to add room-temperature high-pressure hydrogen.

[0028] Through this hydrogen refueling station, the on-board hydrogen storage tank can be loaded with low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen with a higher density than liquid hydrogen, thereby reducing the capacity and volume of the on-board hydrogen storage tank; when loading liquid hydrogen or low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen into the on-board gas tank, the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen filled in the on-board storage tank can be guaranteed, and there is no need to vent the hydrogen used for pre-cooling the on-board storage tank, nor is there a need to return the pre-cooling hydrogen to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 to accelerate the volatilization of liquid hydrogen, thereby ensuring the amount of hydrogen filled in the tank and avoiding increasing the hydrogen loss of the hydrogen refueling station; different hydrogen can be loaded into different vehicles, thereby meeting the different needs of different drivers, increasing the sales area, and expanding the sales channel.

[0029] The present invention also provides a hydrogenation method, comprising the steps of: S1, judging whether the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is safe; if not, stopping the filling; if so, judging in turn whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank belongs to the first temperature interval, the second temperature interval or the third temperature interval; if it belongs to the first temperature interval, entering step S2; if it belongs to the second temperature interval, entering step S3; if it belongs to the third temperature interval, entering step S4; S2, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen; S3, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen; S4, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with normal-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature range of the first temperature interval is 20-25K; the temperature range of the second temperature interval is 25-50K; the temperature range of the third temperature interval is above 50K. Of course, the specific temperature interval can also be set as needed. Further, the step S2 includes the steps of: using liquid hydrogen to cool the on-board hydrogen storage tank while filling liquid hydrogen into the on-board hydrogen storage tank, and judging whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than the saturation temperature of hydrogen under the on-board liquid hydrogen storage pressure (such as 1.5bar); if not, stop cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank; if so, continue to cool the on-board hydrogen storage tank, and discharge the hydrogen used for cooling into the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5. The step S3 includes the steps of: cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen, and discharging the liquid hydrogen used for cooling blood into the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5; judging whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 25K; if so, return to the previous step to continue cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank; if not, pressurizing the liquid hydrogen by the plunger pump 8 to form low temperature and high pressure hydrogen to be filled into the on-board hydrogen storage tank. The step S4 includes the steps of: compressing the hydrogen stored in the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 to a preset pressure through a hydrogen compressor 10 and filling it into the on-board hydrogen storage tank, or directly pressurizing the liquid hydrogen to a preset pressure through a plunger pump 8 and filling it into the on-board hydrogen storage tank. During the filling process, the temperature and pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank are continuously monitored. For the opening or closing of the reflux that needs to be determined according to the temperature of the on-board storage tank, the liquid level monitoring can also be used to determine whether the reflux is closed. Usually, no matter what kind of hydrogen is filled, the temperature and pressure of the on-board storage tank must be guaranteed to ensure the amount of hydrogen added. Among them, the density of the low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen that the hydrogen filling station fills into the car can exceed 1atm, about 71kg / m3 The density of liquid hydrogen below. The present invention can be based on liquid hydrogen transportation; can fill the car with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen whose density is higher than that of liquid hydrogen, such as filling the car with hydrogen at a state of 40K / 35MPa or 60K / 70MPa; can fill the car with normal temperature high-pressure hydrogen with a pressure of 35 / 70MPa; can also fill the car with liquid hydrogen; can automatically determine whether the vehicle should be filled with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, normal temperature high-pressure hydrogen or liquid hydrogen according to the temperature of the inner tank of the on-board gas storage cylinder.

[0031] The following is an example to illustrate:

[0032] After the liquid hydrogen transport tanker arrives at the hydrogen refueling station, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 is connected to the liquid hydrogen submersible pump 6 and the plunger pump 8 on the station through a three-way connection. The submersible pump 6 provides liquid hydrogen to the vehicle storage tank, and the plunger pump 8 mainly provides low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen to the vehicle storage tank. It can also be used as the submersible pump 6 to provide liquid hydrogen to the vehicle storage tank. Whether it is filling the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen through the plunger pump 8, or filling the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen through the submersible pump 6, it is all through the filling gun with reflux.

[0033] If the vehicle storage tank is filled with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen, the plunger pump 8 is first used as the submersible pump 6 and the filling gun circuit is opened to cool the vehicle hydrogen storage tank; when the temperature of the vehicle storage tank drops to a certain temperature value such as 30K or 35K, the outlet pressure of the plunger pump 8 is gradually increased to 35MPa and the reflux system is closed to fill the vehicle hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen with a pressure of 35MPa and a given temperature such as 40K. If the vehicle storage tank is filled with liquid hydrogen, the reflux system is opened first, and the liquid level is paid attention to at the same time; the reflux system is closed when the liquid level reaches 5% of the full liquid level of the vehicle storage tank, and the submersible pump 6 is closed when the liquid level reaches 90% of the full liquid level of the vehicle storage tank to ensure that the vehicle liquid hydrogen storage tank 4 has about 10% of the space for liquid hydrogen evaporation.

[0034] The hydrogen refueling station has a special sensor and analysis system connected to the thermometer and pressure gauge of the on-board hydrogen storage tank, and can prompt the type of hydrogen to be refueled according to the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank. For example: when the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is lower than 30K, it prompts to add liquid hydrogen; when the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 30K and lower than 80K, it prompts to add low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; when the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 80K, it prompts to add room-temperature high-pressure hydrogen. It can also determine whether the liquid level of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 5%. If not, continue to cool the on-board hydrogen storage tank; if so, stop cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank.

[0035] Through this hydrogenation method, the on-board hydrogen storage tank can be loaded with low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen with a higher density than liquid hydrogen, thereby reducing the capacity and volume of the on-board hydrogen storage tank; when loading liquid hydrogen or low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen into the on-board gas tank, the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen filled in the on-board storage tank can be guaranteed, and there is no need to vent the hydrogen used for pre-cooling of the on-board storage tank, nor is there a need to return the pre-cooling hydrogen to the liquid hydrogen storage tank to accelerate the volatilization of liquid hydrogen, thereby ensuring the amount of hydrogen filled in the tank and avoiding increasing hydrogen losses at the hydrogen filling station; different hydrogen can be loaded into different vehicles, thereby adapting to the different needs of different drivers, increasing sales and expanding sales channels.

[0036] The above-described embodiments are only specific implementations of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications, replacements and improvements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications, replacements and improvements should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogenation method, implemented using a hydrogenation station, the hydrogenation station comprising: A storage module for storing liquid hydrogen, low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen and normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; the storage module includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank for storing liquid hydrogen and a normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank for storing normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen; the liquid hydrogen storage tank is used for the first filling module and the second filling module, and the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for the third filling module; the first filling module includes a submersible pump and a liquid hydrogen filling gun with reflux; the reflux port of the liquid hydrogen filling gun with reflux is connected to the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the second filling module includes a plunger pump and a low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun with reflux; the reflux port of the low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun with reflux is connected to the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the third filling module includes two hydrogen compressors; one of the hydrogen compressors is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling tank; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling tank; the other is arranged at the normal-temperature high-pressure hydrogen filling gun; The hydrogen compressor is arranged between the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank and the on-board hydrogen storage tank; the first filling module is used to fill the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen; the second filling module is used to fill the on-board hydrogen storage tank with low temperature and high pressure hydrogen; the third filling module is used to fill the on-board hydrogen storage tank with normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen; the control module includes a control unit and a detection unit, the detection unit is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank, and the control unit is used to control the first filling module, the second filling module and the third filling module to fill the on-board hydrogen storage tank according to the temperature and pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen filling method comprises the steps of: S1. Determine whether the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is safe; if not, stop filling; if yes, determine in turn whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank belongs to the first temperature range, the second temperature range or the third temperature range; if it belongs to the first temperature range, proceed to step S2; if it belongs to the second temperature range, proceed to step S3; if it belongs to the third temperature range, proceed to step S4; S2, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen; S3, filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen; S4. Fill the on-board hydrogen storage tank with high-pressure hydrogen at room temperature.

2. The hydrogenation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature range of the first temperature interval is 20-25K; the temperature range of the second temperature interval is 25-50K; the temperature range of the third temperature interval is above 50K.

3. The hydrogenation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step S2 includes the steps of: using liquid hydrogen to cool the on-board hydrogen storage tank while filling the on-board hydrogen storage tank with liquid hydrogen, and judging whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than the saturation temperature of hydrogen under the on-board liquid hydrogen storage pressure; if not, stopping cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank; if so, continuing cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank and discharging the hydrogen used for cooling into the normal temperature and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

4. The hydrogenation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step S3 comprises the steps of: The onboard hydrogen storage tank is cooled by liquid hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen used for cooling blood is discharged into the normal temperature and high pressure hydrogen storage tank; Determine whether the temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage tank is higher than 25K; if so, return to the previous step to continue cooling the on-board hydrogen storage tank; if not, pressurize the liquid hydrogen through the plunger pump to form low-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen and fill it into the on-board hydrogen storage tank.

5. The hydrogenation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step S4 comprises the steps of: The hydrogen stored in the room temperature high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is compressed to a preset pressure by a hydrogen compressor and then added to the on-board hydrogen storage tank, or the liquid hydrogen is directly pressurized to a preset pressure by a plunger pump and then added to the on-board hydrogen storage tank.

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