Nanoparticle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a nanoparticle and a composition comprising the nanoparticle.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle, a composition comprising the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle, a formulation, uses of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle, uses of the composition, uses of the formulation, an optical medium and an optical device. Background Art

[0002] US2010 / 0068522 A1 discloses quantum dot nanoparticles having surface-bound ligands with carboxylate / salt groups as binding groups and vinyl groups as functional groups suitable for terminal unsaturated groups.

[0003] US 9,666,768 B2 mentions the use of dithiol ligands represented by chemical formulas (1) to (6) as suitable ligands for quantum dot nanoparticles.

[0004] Patent Documents

[0005] 1. US2016-0289552 A1

[0006] 2. US 9,666,768 B2

[0007] Non-Patent Documents

[0008] None Summary of the Invention

[0010] However, the present inventors have recently found that there are still one or more of a number of problems that need to be improved, as listed below;

[0011] Improvement of the quantum yield of the nanoparticles, higher device efficiency, reduction of trap emission of the nanoparticles, optimization of the surface conditions of the shell portion of the nanoparticles, reduction of lattice defects in the shell layer of the nanoparticles, reduction / prevention of the formation of dangling bonds in the shell layer, better thermal stability, improved oxidation stability, improved stability against free radical substances, improved stability during long-term storage without causing a significant QY decrease, better chemical stability, optimization of the manufacturing method of the nanoparticles, provision of a novel manufacturing method for reducing lattice defects in the shell layer, an environmentally more friendly and safer manufacturing method.

[0012] The present inventors aim to solve one or more of the above problems.

[0013] Subsequently, a novel semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle was found, which comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of the following: at least

[0014] i) a first semiconductor material;

[0015] ii) optionally at least one shell layer;

[0016] iii) A chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I)

[0017]

[0018] wherein

[0019] X and Y are each independently or dependently on each other O, S, P or N, preferably O or S;

[0020] If Y is O or S, then n is 0, if Y is N or P, then n is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0021] If X is O or S, then m is 0, if Y is N or P, then m is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0022] R1 is a linking group, preferably, the linking group contains at least one element selected from the following: S, Se, O, P or N, more preferably a group containing sulfur or selenium, even more preferably, the linking group contains one or two S atoms, even more preferably, the linking group is Also preferably where "#" represents the connection point to the group R3, and "*" represents the connection point to the surface of the first semiconductor material or the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle;

[0023] In the case where the nanoparticle contains more than two shells, "*" represents the connection point to the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle;

[0024] R2 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms; a branched-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; an alkenyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 25 carbon atoms; an aryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms; and an aralkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 25 carbon atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C=CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C=O、C=S、C=NRa 、 SO, SO2, NR a or CONR a alternatively, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted,

[0025] R a is the same or different each time it appears and is H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where the H atom may be replaced by the following: D, F, Cl, Br, I; here two or more adjacent substituents R a may also form a monocyclic or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with each other;

[0026] R3 is a divalent bond, preferably, it is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain alkylene or alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C=CR a 、 C≡C、 Si(R a )2、 Ge(R a )2、 Sn(R a )2、 C=O、 C=S、 C=NR a 、 SO, SO2, NR a or CONR a alternatively, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, preferably, none of the non-adjacent CH2 groups is substituted,

[0027] R4 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: H atom, D atom or R2, and R5 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: H atom, D atom or R2.

[0028] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a composition comprising at least

[0029] a) a semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle comprising a core and optionally at least one shell layer,

[0030] b) a chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I)

[0031]

[0032] wherein

[0033] X and Y are each independently or dependently on each other O, S, P or N, preferably O or N;

[0034] If Y is O or S, then n is 0, if Y is N or P, then n is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0035] If X is O or S, then m is 0, if Y is N or P, then m is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0036] R1 is a linking group, preferably, the linking group contains at least one element selected from the following: S, Se, O, P or N, more preferably, the linking group contains one or two S atoms, even more preferably, the linking group is Also preferably where "#" represents the connection point to the group R3, and "*" represents the connection point to the surface of the first semiconductor material or the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle;

[0037] In the case where the nanoparticle contains more than two shells, "*" represents the connection point to the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle;

[0038] R2 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms; branched-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; alkenyl groups having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 25 carbon atoms; aryl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, heteroaryl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms; and aralkyl groups having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 25 carbon atoms, which in each case may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C=CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C=O、C=S、C=NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONRa alternatively, one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted,

[0039] R a which is the same or different in each occurrence and is H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbocyclic atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, wherein the H atoms may be replaced by the following: D, F, Cl, Br, I; where two or more adjacent substituents R a may also form a monocyclic or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with each other;

[0040] R3 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain alkylene or alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C═CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C═O、C═S、C═NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONR a substituted, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, preferably, none of the non-adjacent CH2 groups is substituted,

[0041] R4 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: an H atom, a D atom or R2, R5 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: an H atom, a D atom or R2, and

[0042] c) another compound.

[0043] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising at least, consisting essentially of or consisting of the following:

[0044] A) a semiconductor luminescent nanoparticle according to the present invention, and

[0045] B) another compound

[0046] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to a formulation comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to the present invention,

[0047] and

[0048] at least one solvent, preferably an organic solvent, even more preferably cyclohexylbenzene, 3-phenoxytoluene, n-octylbenzene, butyl benzoate, 1-octanol, 3,4-dimethylanisole, 2-phenoxyethanol, methyl isovalerate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-phenoxypropanol, or any combination thereof.

[0049] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to the use of the light-emitting nanoparticles, compositions or formulations for use in an electronic device, an optical device, a biomedical device or for manufacturing an electronic device, an optical device or a biomedical device.

[0050] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to an optical medium comprising at least one light-emitting nanoparticle or composition of the present invention.

[0051] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to an optical device comprising at least said optical medium. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 Shows the measurement results of Working Example 6.

[0053] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0054] According to the present invention, the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles at least comprise

[0055] i) a first semiconductor material;

[0056] ii) optionally at least one shell;

[0057] iii) a chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I)

[0058] - compound

[0059]

[0060] wherein

[0061] X and Y are each independently or dependently on each other O, S, P or N, preferably O or S;

[0062] if Y is O or S, then n is 0, if Y is N or P, then n is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0063] if X is O or S, then m is 0, if Y is N or P, then m is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0064] R1 is a linking group. Preferably, the linking group contains at least one element selected from the following: S, Se, O, P or N, more preferably a group containing sulfur or selenium, and even more preferably, the linking group contains one or two S atoms. Even more preferably, the linking group is Also preferably where "#" represents the connection point with group R3, and "*" represents the connection point with the surface of the first semiconductor material or the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticle;

[0065] In the case where the nanoparticle contains more than two shells, "*" represents the connection point with the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticle;

[0066] R2 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms; branched-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; alkenyl groups having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 25 carbon atoms; aryl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, heteroaryl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms; and aralkyl groups having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 25 carbon atoms, which in each case may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C=CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C=O、C=S、C=NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONR a substituted, and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted,

[0067] R aThe same or different at each occurrence, is H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, where the H atom can be replaced by: D, F, Cl, Br, I; where two or more adjacent substituents R a can also form a monocyclic or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic, or heteroaromatic ring system with each other;

[0068] R3 is a double bond, preferably one or more members selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain alkylene or alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by R a C=CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C=O、C=S、C=NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONR a , and where one or more H atoms can be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more groups R a , preferably, none of the non-adjacent CH2 groups are substituted,

[0069] R4 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: an H atom, a D atom or R2, and R5 is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: an H atom, a D atom or R2.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, the surface of the core of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles or the outermost surface of one or more shells can be partially or completely overcoated with a chemical compound.

[0071] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least two ligands represented by the chemical formula (I) are attached to the surface or the outermost surface of the shell of the first semiconductor material, preferably, a plurality of such ligands are attached to the surface or the outermost surface of the shell of the first semiconductor material.

[0072] According to the present invention, in some embodiments, the content of the chemical compound is in the range of 1 wt.% to 80 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 20 wt.% to 70 wt.%, even more preferably 40 wt.% to 65 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the chemical compound is in the range of 200 g / mol to 30,000 g / mol, preferably 250 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, more preferably 400 g / mol to 1,000 g / mol.

[0074] Molecular weight M w It is determined by means of GPC (= gel permeation chromatography) against an internal polystyrene standard.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the chemical compound is represented by the following formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id),

[0076]

[0077] More preferably, the chemical compound is represented by the following chemical formulas (Ie), (If), (Ig) or (Ih),

[0078]

[0079] where

[0080] X and Y are each independently or dependently on each other O or S, preferably, it is O;

[0081] “*” represents the point of attachment to the surface of the first semiconductor material or the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle;

[0082] In the case where the nanoparticle comprises more than two shells, “*” represents the point of attachment to the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle;

[0083] R2 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms; a branched-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms; a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; an alkenyl group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 25 carbon atoms; an aryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms; and an aralkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 25 carbon atoms, which in each case may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C=CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a)2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C═O、C═S、C═NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONR a is replaced, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted,

[0084] R a is the same or different each time it appears and is H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbocyclic atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, wherein the H atom may be replaced by the following: D, F, Cl, Br, I; here two or more adjacent substituents R a may also form a monocyclic or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with each other;

[0085] R3 is a divalent bond, preferably, it is one or more members selected from the group consisting of: a straight-chain alkylene or alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C═CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C═O、C═S、C═NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONR a is replaced, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, preferably, none of the non-adjacent CH2 groups is substituted,

[0086] Preferably, R3 is selected from the groups in Table 1 below.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] wherein "*" represents the connection point to another unit.

[0091] More preferably, R3 is selected from the groups in Table 2 below.

[0092] Table 2

[0093]

[0094] Wherein "*" represents the point of attachment to another unit.

[0095] Preferably, R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms; a substituted or unsubstituted branched-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms; a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms.

[0096] More preferably, R2 is a substituted straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted branched-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0097] More preferably, R2 is selected from the groups in Table 3 below.

[0098] Table 3

[0099]

[0100] Wherein "*" represents the point of attachment to another unit.

[0101] As the chemical compound, publicly available mercaptoacetates and / or mercaptopropionates are additionally suitable as chemical compounds to prevent / reduce the decrease in the quantum yield of semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles in a mixture (preferably in solution), especially in the presence of a photoinitiator.

[0102] The following publicly available chemical compounds are particularly suitable.

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] - semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles

[0106] According to the present invention, the term "semiconductor" means a material having a conductivity at room temperature that is intermediate between that of a conductor (such as copper) and that of an insulator (such as glass). Preferably, the semiconductor is a material whose conductivity increases with temperature.

[0107] The term "nano" means a size between 0.1 nm and 999 nm, preferably between 1 nm and 150 nm, more preferably between 3 nm and 50 nm.

[0108] Thus, according to the present invention, the use of "semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles" means a luminescent material having a size between 0.1 nm and 999 nm, preferably between 1 nm and 150 nm, more preferably between 3 nm and 50 nm, and having a conductivity at room temperature between that of a conductor (such as copper) and that of an insulator (such as glass). Preferably, the semiconductor is a material whose conductivity increases with temperature, and has a size between 0.1 nm and 999 nm, preferably between 0.5 nm and 150 nm, more preferably between 1 nm and 50 nm.

[0109] According to the present invention, the term "size" means the average diameter of the longest axis of the semiconductor nanoscale luminescent particles.

[0110] The average diameter of the semiconductor nanoscale luminescent particles is calculated based on 100 semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles in a TEM image generated by a Tecna i G2 Spirit Twin T-12 transmission electron microscope.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles of the present invention are quantum-level materials, such as quantum dots.

[0112] According to the present invention, the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited. For example, spherical, elongated, star-shaped, polyhedral, pyramidal, tetrapod, tetrahedral, flake-shaped, conical, and irregularly shaped quantum dots can be used.

[0113] According to the present invention, the term "quantum-level" means the size of the semiconductor material itself without ligands or other surface modifications, as described, for example, in ISBN: 978-3-662-44822-9, which can exhibit quantum confinement effects.

[0114] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nanoparticles comprise at least in this order

[0115] i) A first semiconductor material;

[0116] ii) Optionally at least one shell;

[0117] iii) A chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I).

[0118] For example, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnSeS, ZnTe, ZnO, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InPS, InPZnS, InPZn, InPZnSe, InCdP, InPCdS, InPCdSe, InGaP, InGaPZn, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, Cu2S, Cu2Se, CuInS2, CuInSe2, Cu2(ZnSn)S4, Cu2(InGa)S4, TiO2 alloys, and combinations of any of these can be used as the core.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first semiconductor material comprises at least one element of Group 13 or Group 12 of the periodic table and one element of Group 16 of the periodic table. Preferably, the element of Group 13 is selected from In, Ga, Al, Ti, the element of Group 12 is Zn or Cd, and the element of Group 15 is selected from P, As, Sb. More preferably, the first semiconductor material is represented by the following chemical formula (III):

[0120] In (1-x-y) Ga1.5 x Zn y P(III)

[0121] where 0 ≤ x < 1, 0 ≤ y < 1, 0 ≤ x + y < 1. Preferably, the first semiconductor material is selected from the group consisting of InP, InP:Zn, InP:ZnS, InP:ZnSe, InP:ZnSSe, InP:Ga.

[0122] According to the present invention, the shape type of the first semiconductor material of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles and the shape of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles to be synthesized are not particularly limited.

[0123] For example, spherical, elongated, star-shaped, polyhedral, pyramidal, square pyramidal, tetrahedral, flake-shaped, conical, and irregularly shaped first semiconductor materials and / or semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles can be synthesized.

[0124] In some embodiments of the present invention, the average diameter of the first semiconductor material is in the range of 1.5 nm to 3.5 nm.

[0125] In some embodiments of the present invention, the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles comprise at least one shell layer, which comprises or consists of a first element of Group 12 of the periodic table and a second element of Group 16 of the periodic table. Preferably, the first element is Zn, and the second element is S, Se, or Te.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shell layer is represented by the following formula (II),

[0127] ZnS x Se (1-x-z) Te z , -(II)

[0128] where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1, and x + z ≤ 1. Preferably, the shell layer is ZnSe, ZnS x Se (1-x) , ZnSe (1-x) Te z , ZnS, Zn. More preferably, it is ZnSe or ZnS.

[0129] In some embodiments of the present invention, the shell layer is an alloy shell layer or a hierarchical shell layer. Preferably, the hierarchical shell layer is ZnS x Se y , ZnSe y Te z or ZnS x Te z . More preferably, it is ZnS x Se y .

[0130] In some embodiments of the present invention, the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles further comprise a second shell layer on the shell layer. Preferably, the second shell layer comprises or consists of a third element of Group 12 of the periodic table and a fourth element of Group 16 of the periodic table. The third element is more preferably Zn, and the fourth element is S, Se, or Te, with the limitation that the fourth element is different from the second element.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second shell layer is represented by the following formula (II'),

[0132] ZnS x Se y Te z , -(II')

[0133] where in formula (II'), 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1, and x + y + z = 1. Preferably, the shell layer is ZnSe, ZnS x Se y , ZnSe y Te z or ZnS x Te z , with the limitation that the shell layer is different from the second shell layer.

[0134] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second shell layer can be an alloy shell layer.

[0135] In some embodiments of the present invention, the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles may further comprise one or more additional shells on the second shell as a multi-shell.

[0136] According to the present invention, the term "multi-shell" refers to a stacked shell composed of three or more than three shells.

[0137] For example, CdSe / CdS, CdSeS / CdZnS, CdSeS / CdS / ZnS, ZnSe / CdS, CdSe / ZnS, InP / ZnS, InP / ZnSe, InP / ZnSe / ZnS, InZnP / ZnS, InZnP / ZnSe, InZnP / ZnSe / ZnS, InGaP / ZnS, InGaP / ZnSe, InGaP / ZnSe / ZnS, InZnPS / ZnS, InZnPS / ZnSe, InZnPS / ZnSe / ZnS, ZnSe / CdS, ZnSe / ZnS or any combination of these may be used. Preferably, InP / ZnS, InP / ZnSe, InP / ZnSe / ZnS, InZnP / ZnS, InZnP / ZnSe, InZnP / ZnSe / ZnS, InGaP / ZnS, InGaP / ZnSe, InGaP / ZnSe / ZnS.

[0138] - Additional ligand

[0139] In some embodiments of the present invention, optionally, in addition to the chemical compound represented by formula (I), the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles may comprise different types of chemical compounds as ligands.

[0140] Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, as needed, the outermost surface of the first semiconductor material or the shell of the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles may be coated with one or more of other compounds and the chemical compound represented by formula (I).

[0141] In the case of one or more of the other chemical compounds attached to the first semiconductor material or the outermost surface of the first semiconductor material or the shell of the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticles, the amount of the chemical compound represented by formula (I) is in the range of 1 wt.% to 99.9 wt.% of the total ligands attached to the shell or the outermost surface of the first semiconductor material, wherein preferably it is in the range of 10 wt.% to 50 wt.%, and more preferably, it is in the range of 15 wt.% to 40 wt.%.

[0142] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition may further comprise one or more additives.

[0143] Preferably, the additive is selected from the group consisting of another ligand.

[0144] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that such surface ligands can make the nanoscale fluorescent material more easily dispersed in the solvent.

[0145] Common surface ligands include phosphines and phosphine oxides such as trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), trioctylphosphine (TOP), and tributylphosphine (TBP); phosphonic acids such as dodecylphosphonic acid (DDPA), tridecylphosphonic acid (TDPA), octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA), and hexylphosphonic acid (HPA); amines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine (DDA), tetradecylamine (TDA), hexadecylamine (HDA), and octadecylamine (ODA), oleylamine (OLA), 1-octadecene (ODE), thiols (such as hexadecane thiol and hexane thiol); mercapto carboxylic acids such as mercaptopropionic acid and mercaptoundecanoic acid; carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid; acetic acid; and combinations of any of these. Preferably, polyethyleneimine (PEI) can also be used.

[0146] Examples of surface ligands have been described, for example, in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2012 / 059931A.

[0147] - Composition

[0148] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a composition comprising at least, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the following:

[0149] a) A semiconductor luminescent nanoparticle comprising a core and optionally at least one shell layer,

[0150] b) A chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I)

[0151]

[0152] Wherein

[0153] X and Y are each independently or dependently on each other O, S, P, or N, preferably O or N;

[0154] If Y is O or S, then n is 0, if Y is N or P, then n is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0155] If X is O or S, then m is 0, if Y is N or P, then m is 1, preferably, n is 0;

[0156] R1 is a linking group, preferably, the linking group contains at least one element selected from the following: S, Se, O, P, or N, more preferably, the linking group contains one or two S atoms, even more preferably, the linking group is Furthermore, it is preferably wherein "#" represents the connection point with the group R3, and "*" represents the connection point with the surface of the first semiconductor material or the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticle;

[0157] In the case where the nanoparticle contains more than two shells, "*" represents the connection point with the outermost surface of the shell of the semiconductor luminescent nanoparticle;

[0158] R2 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms; branched-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms; alkenyl groups having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 25 carbon atoms; aryl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms, heteroaryl groups having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 25 carbon atoms; and aralkyl groups having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 25 carbon atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted by R a C═CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C═O、C═S、C═NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONR a substituted, and wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a substituted;

[0159] R a is the same or different each time it appears and is H, D, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon ring atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, wherein the H atom may be substituted by the following: D, F, Cl, Br, I; here two or more adjacent substituents R a may also form a monocyclic or polycyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with each other;

[0160] R3 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: straight-chain alkylene or alkoxy groups having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by R a C═CR a 、C≡C、Si(R a )2、Ge(R a )2、Sn(R a )2、C═O、C═S、C═NR a 、SO、SO2、NR a or CONR a , and wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO2; or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more groups R a , preferably, none of the non-adjacent CH2 groups is substituted,

[0161] R4 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: H atom, D atom or R2, R5 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: H atom, D atom or R2, and

[0162] c) another compound.

[0163] More details of the chemical compound represented by chemical formula (I) are described in the section "Chemical Compounds" above.

[0164] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a composition comprising, consisting essentially of or consisting of: at least

[0165] A) a semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to the present invention, and

[0166] B) another compound.

[0167] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles.

[0168] In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total amount of the composition, the total amount of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles is in the range of 0.1 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% to 70 wt.%, more preferably 20 wt.% to 50 wt.%.

[0169] In some embodiments of the present invention, the total amount of the chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I) is in the range of 0.001 wt.% to 50 wt.%, preferably 0.005 wt.% to 30 wt.%, more preferably 0.01 wt.% to 15 wt.%, based on the total amount of the composition.

[0170] In some embodiments of the present invention, the other material is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: a solvent, an organic light-emitting material, an inorganic light-emitting material, a charge transport material, a scattering particle, a host material, a nano-scale plasmonic particle, a photoinitiator, and a matrix material.

[0171] For example, the inorganic fluorescent material may be selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: sulfides, thio gallates, nitrides, oxynitrides, silicates, aluminates, phosphates, borates, oxides, phosphates, halophosphates, sulfates, tungstates, tantalates, vanadates, molybdates, niobates, titanates, germanates, halide-based phosphors, and combinations of any of these.

[0172] Such suitable inorganic fluorescent materials described above may be well-known phosphors including nano-scale phosphors, quantum-level materials as mentioned in: The Phosphor Handbook, 2nd Edition (CRC Press, 2006), pages 155 to 338 (W.M. Yen, S. Shionoya, and H. Yamamoto), WO2011 / 147517A, WO2012 / 034625A, and WO2010 / 095140A.

[0173] According to the present invention, any type of publicly known material may be preferably used as the organic light-emitting material, charge transport material. For example, well-known organic fluorescent materials, organic host materials, organic dyes, organic electron transport materials, organometallic complexes, and organic hole transport materials.

[0174] Regarding examples of scattering particles, it is preferable to use: small particles of inorganic oxides such as SiO2, SnO2, CuO, CoO, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, Y2O3, ZnO, MgO; organic particles such as polymeric polystyrene, polymeric PMMA; inorganic hollow oxides such as hollow silica; or combinations of any of these.

[0175] - Matrix material

[0176] According to the present invention, a wide variety of publicly known transparent polymers suitable for optical devices may be preferably used as the matrix material.

[0177] According to the present invention, the term "transparent" means that at least about 60% of the incident light is transmitted at the thickness used in the optical medium and at the wavelength or wavelength range used during the operation of the optical medium. Preferably, the incident light transmission exceeds 70%, more preferably exceeds 75%, and most preferably exceeds 80%.

[0178] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, any type of publicly known transparent polymer described, for example, in WO 2016 / 134820A can be used.

[0179] According to the present invention, the term "polymer" means a material having repeating units and having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 g / mol or higher.

[0180] Molecular weight M w Is determined by GPC (= gel permeation chromatography) against an internal polystyrene standard.

[0181] In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the transparent polymer is 70 °C or higher and 250 °C or lower.

[0182] Tg is measured based on the change in heat capacity observed in differential scanning calorimetry, as described in http: / / pslc.ws / macrog / dsc.htm; Rickey J Seyler, Assignment of the Glass Transition, ASTM publication number (PCN) 04-012490-50.

[0183] For example, poly(meth)acrylate, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polysiloxane can be preferably used as the transparent polymer for the transparent matrix material.

[0184] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer as the transparent matrix material ranges from 1,000 to 300,000 g / mol, and more preferably ranges from 10,000 to 250,000 g / mol.

[0185] - Formulation

[0186] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a formulation comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle,

[0187] and

[0188] At least one solvent, preferably, the solvent is an organic solvent, more preferably one or more members selected from the group consisting of: cyclohexylbenzene, 3-phenoxytoluene, n-octylbenzene, butyl benzoate, 1-octanol, 3,4-dimethylanisole, 2-phenoxyethanol, methyl isovalerate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-phenoxypropanol.

[0189] Preferably, the formulation comprises a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles.

[0190] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a formulation comprising the following, consisting essentially of the following or consisting of the following: a composition,

[0191] and

[0192] At least one solvent, preferably, it is an organic solvent, preferably one or more members selected from the group consisting of: aromatic solvents, halogenated solvents and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, more preferably one or more members selected from the group consisting of: toluene, xylene, ether, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dichloromethane and heptane, purified water, acetate, alcohol, sulfoxide, formamide, nitride, ketone.

[0193] The amount of the solvent in the formulation can be freely controlled according to the method of coating the composition. For example, if the composition is spray-coated, it may contain a solvent in an amount of 90 wt.% or more. In addition, if the slot coating method usually employed when coating a large substrate is to be carried out, the solvent content is normally 60 wt.% or more, preferably 70 wt.% or more.

[0194] In some embodiments of the present invention, the formulation comprises a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles and / or a plurality of semiconductor materials.

[0195] In some embodiments, based on the total amount of the formulation, the total amount of the chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I) is in the range of 0.001 wt.% to 50 wt.%, preferably 0.005 wt.% to 30 wt.%, more preferably 0.01 wt.% to 15 wt.%.

[0196] In some embodiments, based on the total amount of the formulation, the total amount of the nanoparticles is in the range of 0.01 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably 0.1 wt.% to 70 wt.%, more preferably 1 wt.% to 50 wt.%.

[0197] - Use

[0198] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles, compositions or formulations in electronic devices, optical devices, biomedical devices or for manufacturing electronic devices, optical devices or biomedical devices.

[0199] - Optical medium

[0200] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to an optical medium comprising at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle or composition.

[0201] In some embodiments of the present invention, the optical medium may be an optical sheet, such as a color filter, a color conversion film, a remote phosphor strip, or another film or filter.

[0202] According to the present invention, the term "sheet" includes media in the form of films and / or layered structures.

[0203] In some embodiments of the present invention, the optical medium comprises an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle or composition of the present invention. Preferably, the one organic layer is a light-emitting layer. More preferably, the medium further comprises one or more additional layers selected from the group consisting of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, and an electron injection layer.

[0204] According to the present invention, any type of publicly available inorganic material and / or organic material for the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, light-emitting layer, hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer, and electron injection layer may be preferably used, as described in WO 2018 / 024719 A1, US2016 / 233444A2, US7754841 B, WO 2004 / 037887, and WO 2010 / 097155.

[0205] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical medium comprises a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles.

[0206] Preferably, the anode and cathode of the optical medium sandwich the organic layer.

[0207] More preferably, the additional layer is also sandwiched by the anode and cathode.

[0208] In some embodiments of the present invention, the organic layer comprises at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle of the present invention and a host material. Preferably, the host material is an organic host material.

[0209] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical medium comprises a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles.

[0210] - Optical device

[0211] In another aspect, the present invention further relates to an optical device comprising at least one optical medium of the present invention.

[0212] In some embodiments of the present invention, the optical device may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a backlight unit of an optical display, a light emitting diode (LED) device, a microelectromechanical system (hereinafter "MEMS"), an electrowetting display or an electrophoretic display, a light emitting device and / or a solar cell.

[0213] Technical effects

[0214] The present invention provides one or more of the following effects;

[0215] Improvement in the quantum yield of nanoparticles, higher device efficiency, reduction of trap emission of nanoparticles, optimization of the surface conditions of the shell portion of nanoparticles, reduction of lattice defects in the shell layer of nanoparticles, reduction / prevention of formation of dangling bonds in the shell layer, better thermal stability, improved oxidation stability, improved stability against free radical species, improved stability during long-term storage without causing significant QY decline, better chemical stability, optimization of the manufacturing method of nanoparticles, provision of a novel manufacturing method for reducing lattice defects in the shell layer, an environmentally friendlier and safer manufacturing method.

[0216] The following working examples 1-6 provide a description of the present invention and a detailed description of its manufacture.

[0217] Working examples

[0218] Comparative example 1: Quantum dots in toluene with ligands of dodecanethiol, stearic acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid

[0219] Red InP-based quantum dots (QDs) with ligands of dodecanethiol, stearic acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid in toluene were prepared as described in US 7,588,828B.

[0220] Subsequently, the QDs were dissolved in anhydrous toluene at a concentration of 0.08 mg / mL, and the initial quantum yield (hereinafter initial QY) was measured in a Hamamatsu Quantaurus.

[0221] Subsequently, 100 mg of the QDs were dissolved in 2 mL of dry toluene and mixed with 3 mg of the photoinitiator Irgacure @ TPO, and stirred at room temperature under argon while being exposed to a light source with 365 nm for 60 min. A sample was obtained. Subsequently, the sample was diluted to 0.08 mg / mL. And then, the quantum yield of the sample was measured by a Hamamatsu Quantaurus.

[0222] The initial QY of each sample was set to 100% by using the following formula.

[0223] Normalized initial QY (100%) = Initial QY of each sample * α

[0224] The normalized QY is calculated based on the following formula.

[0225] Normalized QY = (QY * α / Initial QY) * 100

[0226] Table 4 shows the measurement results.

[0227] Table 4

[0228]

[0229]

[0230] Working Example 1: Quantum Dots in Toluene with the Chemical Compound Isooctyl Mercaptoacetate (IOMA)

[0231] Red InP-based quantum dots (QDs) with ligands of dodecanethiol, stearic acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid in toluene were prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,588,828B.

[0232] - Ligand Exchange

[0233] 5 mL of the QD solution (50 mg / mL in toluene) was mixed with 0.098 g of IOMA (Bruno Bock isooctyl thioglycolate, dist. 40286), and the mixture was stirred overnight at 50 °C under argon. The mixture was transferred to a centrifuge vial, and 5 mL of dry methanol was added. The mixture was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 min under argon. Subsequently, the colorless supernatant was removed, and the red precipitate was suspended in 5 mL of dry toluene to dissolve the QDs in anhydrous toluene at a concentration of 0.08 mg / mL.

[0234] Subsequently, the initial quantum yield (hereinafter referred to as the initial QY) was measured in a Hamamatsu Quantaurus.

[0235] Subsequently, 100 mg of the QDs was dissolved in 2 mL of dry toluene and mixed with 3 mg of the photoinitiator Irgacure @ TPO, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under argon while being exposed to a light source with a wavelength of 365 nm for 60 min. The sample was obtained. Subsequently, the sample was diluted to 0.08 mg / mL. And then, the quantum yield of the sample was measured by a Hamamatsu Quantaurus.

[0236] Table 5 shows the measurement results.

[0237] Table 5

[0238] Sample 1 2 3 4 5 Normalized Initial QY (%) 100 100 100 100 100 Normalized QY (%) at 1 hour 98 96 93 92 94

[0239] Working Example 2: Quantum Dots in Toluene with the Chemical Compound Isooctyl Mercaptopropionate (IOMP)

[0240] The quantum dots in toluene with the chemical compound IOMP were prepared in the same manner as described in Working Example 1, except that IOMP was used instead of IOMA.

[0241] Table 6 shows the results of QY measurement.

[0242] Table 6

[0243] Sample 1 2 3 Normalized Initial QY (%) 100 100 100 Normalized QY (%) at 1 hour 75 81 90

[0244] Working Example 3: Quantum Dots in Toluene with the Chemical Compound Isotridecyl Mercaptopropionate (ITMP)

[0245] The quantum dots in toluene with the chemical compound ITMP were prepared in the same manner as described in Working Example 1, except that ITMP was used instead of IOMA.

[0246] Table 7 shows the results of QY measurement.

[0247] Table 7

[0248] Sample 1 2 3 Normalized Initial QY (%) 100 100 100 Normalized QY (%) at 1 hour 80 81 82

[0249] Working Example 4: Quantum Dots in Toluene with the Chemical Compound Isotridecyl Mercaptoacetate (ITMA)

[0250] The quantum dots in toluene with the chemical compound ITMA were prepared in the same manner as described in Working Example 1, except that ITMA was used instead of IOMA.

[0251] Table 8 shows the results of QY measurement.

[0252] Table 8

[0253] Sample 1 2 3 Normalized Initial QY (%) 100 100 100 Normalized QY (%) at 1 hour 96 94 96

[0254] Working Example 5: Quantum Dots in Toluene with the Chemical Compound Phenyl Mercaptoacetate (PMA)

[0255] The quantum dots in toluene with the chemical compound PMA were prepared in the same manner as described in Working Example 1, except that PMA was used instead of IOMA. Then samples were taken for QY measurement.

[0256] Working Example 6: QY Measurement

[0257] In the QY measurement of Working Example 6, samples from Comparative Example 1, samples from Working Example 1, and samples from Working Example 5 were measured to compare the effects of the present invention.

[0258] In this working example, the quantum yield was measured by using Hamamatsu Quantaurus without any normalization as described in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, in Figure 1 the term "quantum yield (or QY)" means the absolute quantum yield.

[0259] Figure 1 The results of the QY measurement are shown.

Claims

1. A semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle, which at least comprises i) a first semiconductor material; ii) optionally at least one shell; iii) a chemical compound represented by the following chemical formula (I) wherein X and Y are each independently or dependently on each other O or S; if Y is O or S, then n is 0; if X is O or S, then m is 0; R1 is wherein "#" represents the connection point with the group Y, and "*" represents the connection point with the surface of the core of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle or the outermost surface of the shell; R2 is an aryl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, R3 is selected from straight-chain alkylene groups having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, R4 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: H atom, D atom or R2, R5 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: H atom, D atom or R2.

2. The nanoparticle according to claim 1, which at least comprises in this order i) the first semiconductor material; ii) optionally at least one shell; iii) the chemical compound represented by the chemical formula (I).

3. The nanoparticle according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises at least one shell represented by the following chemical formula (II) ZnS x Se (1-x-z) Te z , -(II) where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1, and x + z ≤ 1.

4. The nanoparticle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first semiconductor material comprises at least one element of Group 13 or Group 12 elements of the periodic table and one element of Group 16 elements of the periodic table.

5. A composition, which at least comprises a) a semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle, which comprises a core and optionally at least one shell, b) a chemical compound, which is represented by the following chemical formula (I) wherein X and Y are each independently or dependently on each other O or S; If Y is O or S, then n is 0; If X is O or S, then m is 0; R1 is wherein "#" represents the connection point with the group Y, and "*" represents the connection point with the surface of the core of the semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle or the outermost surface of the shell; R2 is an aryl group having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, R3 is selected from straight-chain alkylene groups having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, R4 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: an H atom, a D atom, or R2, R5 is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: an H atom, a D atom, or R2, and c) another compound.

6. A composition comprising at least A) a semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and B) another compound.

7. The composition according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the composition comprises a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticles.

8. The composition according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the said another material is selected from the group consisting of: organic light-emitting materials, inorganic light-emitting materials, charge transport materials, scattering particles, host materials, nano-scale plasmonic particles, photoinitiators, and matrix materials.

9. A formulation comprising at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8, and at least one solvent.

10. The formulation according to claim 9, wherein the total amount of the chemical compound represented by the chemical formula (I) is in the range of 0.001 wt.% to 50 wt.% based on the total amount of the formulation.

11. The formulation according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the total amount of the nanoparticles is in the range of 0.01 wt.% to 90 wt.% based on the total amount of the formulation.

12. Use of a semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8, or a formulation according to any one of claims 9 to 11 in an electronic device, an optical device, or a biomedical device.

13. An optical medium comprising at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

14. The optical medium according to claim 13, comprising an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic layer, the at least one organic layer comprising at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

15. The optical medium according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the organic layer comprises at least one semiconductor light-emitting nanoparticle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or a composition according to any one of claims 5 to 8 and a host material.

16. An optical device, comprising at least the optical medium according to any one of claims 13 to 15.

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