Antenna Design Hardware

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna design hardware that not only allows antenna designers to implement antenna designs in any geometric shape they desire, but also allows antenna users to build their desired antennas, and it allows various antenna types to be built by using parts designed in the form of units. Units are a general name for parts of any geometric shape that can form an antenna. The present invention particularly relates to antenna design hardware that allows antennas to be built three-dimensionally and form antenna designs by integrating metal, dielectric, electromagnetic absorption units and using connectors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Related technical fields of the invention:

[0002] The present invention relates to an antenna design hardware which not only allows antenna designers to implement antenna designs in any geometry they desire, but also allows antenna users to build antennas they desire, and which allows various antenna types to be built by using components designed in unit form.

[0003] The present invention particularly relates to antenna design hardware that allows antennas to be built three-dimensionally and form antenna designs by integrating metal, dielectric, electromagnetic absorption units and using connectors. Background Art

[0004] Antenna is a transducer that converts current and voltage on electronic circuits into electromagnetic radiation, or converts electromagnetic radiation into current and voltage. Transmitting antennas convert current and voltage into electromagnetic radiation, and receiving antennas convert electromagnetic radiation into current and voltage. Antenna design is achieved based on many parameters, such as operating frequency band, polarization, impedance, gain, size, weight, half-power beamwidth, sidelobe level, and backlobe level.

[0005] In a project that requires an antenna, first the antenna requirements for the project are determined. Based on these requirements, literature research and theoretical research are conducted. Then, the antenna to be designed is simulated in a computer-based antenna design program. As a result of these simulations, the materials required for the designed antenna are ordered. Prototypes are produced using the relevant materials, and the prototypes are measured. If the measurement results do not match the simulation results and the required design, the simulation step is returned and the design, ordering, prototype production and measurement steps are repeated. Since the final result cannot usually be obtained in one go, the process steps starting with the simulation step are repeated several times. This leads to high costs for antenna design. When the measurement results meet the requirements, antenna production and documentation are carried out, and the project is completed.

[0006] In prior art methods, antennas are developed as a single component or as individual components that can form a single antenna. For example, reflector antennas of the size used for televisions, also known as dish antennas, are manufactured by pressing metal sheets.

[0007] Reflector antennas with a length of several meters are made into smaller parts, each identical to each other and can be combined together. Some antennas are made by CNC production methods, while others are made by casting, printing on circuit boards, etc.

[0008] In the prior art, antennas with various features are sold as products. Users select and purchase antennas that can be used in their applications by looking at data sheets showing the product's features. Thus, they can provide the antennas they need for their research. In each new project, antenna requirements will change, and users will have to purchase new antennas.

[0009] In the prior art, kits consisting of ready-to-use antennas are used to teach various functions of antennas in antenna training. Gain, polarization, impedance, bandwidth, reflection coefficient, size, weight, half-power beamwidth, sidelobe level, backlobe level, etc. are described on these antennas. Therefore, people who participate in antenna training learn various parameters of antennas but do not design antennas.

[0010] Antenna design or analysis software that runs in a computer environment can also be used in training. These simulation programs allow antenna design to be done by modeling the physical world in a computer environment. Participants in antenna training can use these programs to build antennas in a computer environment and also see the results of these antennas in a computer environment. Institutions that have the infrastructure to produce antennas can implement antennas obtained in simulation environments for undergraduate / graduate / PhD courses and undergraduate / graduate / PhD theses and allow participants to see the antenna design process from beginning to end. However, these infrastructures exist in limited institutions. In addition, a one-semester course is not enough to learn these simulation programs. Even if these simulation programs are learned, there is a cost per computer. In addition, the antennas produced by participants will cause unnecessary costs.

[0011] After a preliminary study of the prior art, the patent document numbered "CN104239634" was reviewed. The invention discloses an antenna design method for obtaining parameters of a target antenna, using an orthogonalized experimental design to obtain an interpolation combination of the parameters of the target antenna, and obtaining a performance indicator of the interpolation combination through a simulation model.

[0012] After a preliminary study of the prior art, the patent document numbered “US20110251832” was reviewed. The invention discloses a method that provides, among other things, analysis and / or optimization of antenna radiation problems and is used to determine the electromagnetic near field of an electrical system.

[0013] In the prior art, researchers who use antennas purchase different antennas for each new project to meet the antenna requirements of the respective project. This brings new costs to each project they work on. In addition to the cost, there is a waiting period after each antenna purchase order until delivery. In addition, some antenna parameters are taught in antenna training by using ready-to-use antennas. However, there is no hardware to help them teach antenna design. In training conducted by institutions with production infrastructure, antenna design is performed using simulation programs, and the design is sent to production and its results are observed. However, not all universities or educational institutions have these opportunities. In educational institutions that provide these opportunities, the cost of antenna training is high. In antenna training at educational institutions that do not provide these opportunities, antenna design cannot be performed. There are many simulation programs for antenna design, and usually the final antenna design can be achieved by producing several prototype products of the physical structure obtained by these programs. This leads to increased antenna design costs and extended antenna design duration.

[0014] As a result, due to the above-mentioned problems and due to the inadequacies of existing solutions, improvements in the related art are deemed necessary. Summary of the invention

[0015] The most important purpose of the present invention is to allow antenna designers to design the antenna they want through the feature of antenna design capability, which is the combination of units, and this purpose allows antenna users to create antennas by combining units to obtain antennas with the desired functions. The desired geometry can be created three-dimensionally by combining units. Therefore, the antenna of the obtained geometry can be used both for designing and for creating antennas, or for antenna training.

[0016] Another important object of the present invention is to obtain the desired antenna size by using metal, dielectric, electromagnetic absorption units. Therefore, instead of producing many prototypes to obtain the final electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna, these characteristics can be achieved by using metal, dielectric and electromagnetic absorption units.

[0017] A further object of the invention is to allow antenna design to be performed without the use of a simulation program. The antenna design is performed on an antenna analysis device (network analyzer) by using the unit directly without using any antenna design or analysis software, thereby eliminating a step in the antenna design.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to reduce the cost of antenna prototype production and final product production by using cells to create the physical structure of the antenna obtained in the design performed using an antenna simulation program. In addition, the waiting time for prototype or final antenna production is reduced.

[0019] It is a further object of the invention that when antenna requirements change, it enables the unit to be disassembled and the antenna created according to the new requirements.

[0020] Another object of the invention is that it enables the design of antennas using metallic, dielectric and electromagnetic absorption units. By this measure, the user will be able to create many antennas, especially in the field of training, since the units have a detachable structure. This will both improve the quality of antenna training and reduce the cost of training.

[0021] Another object of the invention is that it enables the design to be carried out very quickly, without the need for a computer, and has an advantage over simulation programs in showing immediately certain effects which are not visible in simulation programs but only at the prototyping stage.

[0022] The structure and specific specifications of the present invention as well as all advantages will be more clearly understood from the following drawings and the detailed description written with reference to these drawings.

[0023] Therefore, the evaluation should be done by considering these figures and the detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 2 is a diagram showing the antenna design hardware unit of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 2 is a diagram showing the antenna design hardware unit of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 2 is a diagram showing the antenna design hardware unit of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a view showing the hardware ground plane of the antenna design of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 is a view of the interlocking connectors used in the antenna design hardware shown in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 is a view of a spiral connector used in the antenna design hardware of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 is a perspective view showing a patch antenna design used in the prior art.

[0031] Figure 8 is an exploded perspective view showing a patch antenna design used in the prior art.

[0032] Fig. 9 is an upper perspective view showing a patch antenna design obtained by the antenna design hardware of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.10 is a lower perspective view showing a patch antenna design obtained by the antenna design hardware of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.11 It is a diagram showing the connection between the antenna design hardware unit and the connector of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.12 is a perspective view showing a horn antenna design used in the prior art.

[0036] Fig.13 is a perspective view showing a horn antenna design obtained by the antenna design hardware of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.14 1 is a flow chart showing the antenna design hardware and antenna design method of the present invention.

[0038] 101.Unit convex part

[0039] 102.Unit

[0040] 110.Conductive unit

[0041] 120. Dielectric unit

[0042] 140. Connectors

[0043] 141.Connector body

[0044] 142.Connector Dielectric

[0045] 143.Conductor inside the connector

[0046] 144.Connector convex part

[0047] 145.Connector hole

[0048] 150. Conductive ground layer

[0049] 151. Ground plane convex part

[0050] 200. Patch antenna used in the prior art

[0051] 210. Patches used in prior art

[0052] 220. Patch antenna dielectric used in the prior art

[0053] 230. Patch antenna ground plane used in prior art

[0054] 240.Connectors used in the prior art

[0055] 300. Horn antenna used in the prior art

[0056] 10. Determination of antenna requirements

[0057] 11. Determination of antenna type

[0058] 12. Calculations based on antenna type and requirements

[0059] 13. Determine the unit type and number of units to be used based on the calculation

[0060] 14. Place the conductive units to be used according to the calculation

[0061] 15. Connector selection

[0062] 16. Install the connector

[0063] 17. Measure whether the antenna structure meets the antenna requirements

[0064] 18. Check if antenna requirements are met

[0065] 19. Finalize the design

[0066] 20. Check whether a conductive ground plane is used

[0067] 21. Do not place a conductive ground plane if not used

[0068] 22. If using a conductive ground plane

[0069] 30. Check whether the electromagnetic absorption unit is used

[0070] 31. Do not place electromagnetic absorption unit if not used

[0071] 32. If you use the electromagnetic absorption unit

[0072] 40. Check if dielectric units are used

[0073] 41. Do not place dielectric units if not used

[0074] 42. If you use the dielectric unit placement DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] The antenna design hardware of the present invention is mainly composed of a conductive unit (110), a dielectric unit (120), an electromagnetic absorption unit, a conductive ground layer (150) and a connector (140). The units are used to create various antenna types. Three types of units are used in the antenna design hardware of the present invention, namely, conductive units (110), dielectric units (120), and electromagnetic absorption units. Units are a general name for any geometric shape parts that can create antennas.

[0076] The antenna design hardware of the present invention includes a conductive unit (110), a dielectric unit (120), an electromagnetic absorption unit, and a conductive ground layer (150), which can create more than one type of antenna according to the requirements of operating frequency band, polarization, impedance, gain, size, weight, half-power beamwidth, sidelobe level and backlobe level.

[0077] The conductive elements (110) are used to form the conductive part of a conventional antenna by their conductive properties. The conductive elements (110) can be made of conductive plastic, metal or plastic coated with metal. The conductive elements (110) can also operate by not contacting each other or by contacting from one or more points or all along the surface of the element body (102) or contacting the element protrusion (101).

[0078] The conductive unit (110), dielectric unit (120), electromagnetic absorption unit and conductive grounding layer (150) used in the antenna design hardware of the present invention have a structure that can be connected by one or more methods of interlocking, tightening, bonding, soldering and welding.

[0079] The contactless operation is achieved by the conductive elements (110) being mechanically separated and not in contact with each other acting electromagnetically as a single conductive plate at RF frequencies. The conductors can be prevented from contacting each other by leaving some space between the conductors, placing a non-conductive material between the conductors, or coating the conductors with a non-conductive material. Conductive materials with different conductivity can also be used between the conductive elements (110). The elements that are not in contact with each other as DC (direct current) excite each other at RF (radio frequency) frequencies and behave as one and act as an antenna. In a parasitic antenna, a piece of metal placed next to an antenna operating at a certain frequency can cause the antenna to operate at a different frequency. However, the contactless operation feature of the conductive elements (110) includes the fact that the antenna is composed of components that are not in contact with each other. Even if a portion of the conductive elements (110) are in contact with each other and another portion is not in contact, the operating principle of the antenna is that a single antenna is formed regardless of whether all the conductive elements (110) are in contact with each other. In addition, the use of conductive elements (110) with one or more conductivity values ​​will provide flexibility in antenna design.

[0080] The dielectric units (120) can be operated by not contacting each other or by contacting from one or more points or all along the surface of the unit body (102) or contacting the unit protrusion (101). The non-contact operation is achieved by the dielectric units (120) that are mechanically separated and not in contact with each other electromagnetically acting as a single dielectric plate at RF frequencies. The dielectric materials can be prevented from contacting each other by leaving some space between them or placing dielectric materials with different electrical properties between them. The dielectric units (120) that are not in contact with each other or are in contact at only one or a few points behave as a whole at RF frequencies. In this case, the effective dielectric constant value may be lower than that of a dielectric structure in a whole.

[0081] The antenna design hardware of the present invention may include a dielectric unit (120) composed of one or more than one dielectric material. In conventional antenna design, the antenna design is performed on one type of dielectric material, while with the antenna design hardware of the present invention, in the antenna, dielectric units (120) with different dielectric constants can be used in the same layer. This feature makes it possible to manufacture, for example, a patch antenna composed of dielectric units with dielectric constants of 3, 5 and 10 in a single layer. Therefore, the frequency at which the antenna can operate is not limited to the step interval of the unit size, that is, the size of the antenna is increased by at least one unit size. Within one antenna, by using dielectric units (120) with different dielectric constants in the same layer, the antenna design hardware of the present invention can operate at all interval frequencies. In addition, the use of different dielectric units (120) can be provided both on the same layer and on different layers.

[0082] Although the electromagnetic absorption units are mechanically separated, they electromagnetically act as a single absorber plate at RF frequencies and do not contact each other. The electromagnetic absorption units that absorb electromagnetic waves can be obtained from various materials, such as absorbent paint, foam, sponge, plastic, carbon or metal with low conductivity values. The electromagnetic absorption units can be operated by not contacting each other or by contacting from one or more points or all along the surface of the unit body (102) or contacting with the unit protrusion (101). Non-contact operation is achieved by electromagnetic absorption units that are mechanically separated and do not contact each other electromagnetically acting as a single absorber plate at RF frequencies. Leaving some space between the electromagnetic absorption units or placing a material with different electrical properties between them can prevent them from contacting each other. The absorption and reflection characteristics of the electromagnetic absorption unit can vary depending on the type and material of the electromagnetic absorption unit used.

[0083] The conductive ground layer (150) can be used as one or more pieces depending on the characteristics and size of the designed antenna. The conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120), the electromagnetic absorption unit and the connector (140) are connected to the conductive ground layer (150). The conductive ground layer (150) can be made of conductive plastic, metal or plastic coated with metal. The conductive ground layer (150) having a unit shape can form a larger conductive ground layer (150) by combining with the conductive unit (110) or the conductive ground layer (150). In this case, the conductive ground layer (150) and the conductive unit (110) or the conductive ground layer (150) and another conductive ground layer (150) or the conductive unit (110) and the conductive unit (110) can be operated in a contact or non-contact manner from one or more points or along the entire surface. The non-contact operation is achieved by the conductive ground layers (150) that are not in contact with each other mechanically electromagnetically acting as one at RF frequencies. By leaving some space between the conductors or using non-conductive materials, the conductors can be prevented from contacting each other. Units that do not contact each other as DC (direct current) are ensured to act as a conductive ground layer (150) by exciting each other as RF. A conductive ground layer (150) with or without holes can be used. Therefore, the user can drill holes in the conductive ground layer (150) without holes when necessary. In order to install the RF connector (140), the inside of the hole can be threaded.

[0084] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the sizes of the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120) and the electromagnetic absorption unit can be 1x1, 1x2, 2x8 and any similar sizes and any kind of 3-dimensional geometric shapes.

[0085] The antenna design hardware of the present invention has two different types of connectors (140) which include a connector protrusion (144) or a connector hole (145) depending on the purpose of use. Therefore, while the connector (140) having the connector hole (145) can be screwed onto the unit or conductive ground layer (150), the connector (140) having the connector protrusion (144) can be used by engaging the connector protrusion (144) to the unit or conductive ground layer (150). The interlocking connector (140) having the connector protrusion (144) can be attached and detached without actually tightening each time due to its nature of contacting the connector protrusion (144). The connector (140) can be brought into contact with the unit or conductive ground layer (150) or the RF circuit board prepared for different purposes by inserting screws into the connector hole (145) and screwing these screws onto the mounting surface, or by interlocking the connector protrusion (144) of the connector (140) on the mounting surface, or by directly soldering or bonding or welding on the mounting surface.

[0086] In addition to the connector (240) of the prior art, the interlocking connector (140) type also has one or more connector protrusions (144). When the connector (140) is connected to the conductive ground layer (150) or the conductive unit, the connector protrusions (144) ensure that the ground of the connector contacts the conductive ground layer (150) or the conductive unit. By means of these connector protrusions (144), the connector (140) and the conductive ground layer (150) or the connector (140) and the conductive unit (110) are in mechanical contact with each other. Therefore, the connection is ensured both mechanically and electrically.

[0087] When an antenna is to be formed by the antenna design hardware of the present invention, the following method is used. First, the antenna requirements are determined (10). The antenna type is determined based on the antenna requirements (11). Calculations are performed based on the antenna type and the requirements (12). Based on the calculations performed, the type of unit to be used and the number of conductive units (110), dielectric units (120), electromagnetic absorption units, and conductive grounding layers (150) are determined (13). In some antenna designs, the use of one or more conductive units (110), dielectric units (120), electromagnetic absorption units, and conductive grounding layers (150) may be omitted. The determined number of conductive units (110) will be placed based on the determined antenna structure (14).

[0088] In the process step of "Based on the calculation performed, the type of unit to be used and the number of the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120), the electromagnetic absorption unit and the conductive ground layer (150) are determined (13)", a separate determination is made for each conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120), the electromagnetic absorber unit, and the conductive ground layer (150), and placement can also be performed by not using one or more of the dielectric unit (120), the electromagnetic absorption unit, and the conductive ground layer (150).

[0089] Thus, it is checked whether the conductive ground layer (150) is used (20). If the conductive ground layer (150) is not used, it is not placed (21). If the conductive ground layer (150) is used, it is placed (22).

[0090] It is checked whether the electromagnetic absorption unit is used (30). If the electromagnetic absorption unit is not used, it is not placed (31). The electromagnetic absorption unit is placed (32).

[0091] It is checked whether the dielectric unit (120) is used (40). If the dielectric unit (120) is not used, it is not placed (41). If the dielectric unit (120) is used, it is placed (42).

[0092] A connector (140) is selected (15). The selected connector (140) is installed (16). The antenna structure is measured to see if it meets the antenna requirements (17). If it does, the design is complete (19). The antenna structure is checked to see if it meets the antenna requirements (18), and if not, the process is repeated by returning to the process step of performing calculations based on the antenna type and antenna requirements (12).

[0093] In an exemplary use of the antenna design hardware of the present invention, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The prior art antenna design shown can be Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the patch antenna designed by the antenna design hardware has a conductive unit (110) at the top, a dielectric unit (120) below it, a conductive ground layer (150) below it, and a connector (140) at the bottom. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the patch (210) used in the prior art, the patch antenna dielectric (220) thereunder and used in the prior art, and the patch antenna ground plane (230) used in the prior art are one-piece.

[0094] To change Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The operating frequency or gain of the antenna shown in the figure can be changed by adding, removing, replacing a new conductive unit (110) or a dielectric unit (120) or replacing one, several or all dielectric units (120) with materials having different dielectric constants. Therefore, the antenna specifications designed or formed by the antenna design hardware of the present invention can be changed very quickly. In addition, the antenna design hardware is applicable to a variety of types of antennas.

[0095] exist Fig.12 The horn antenna (300) used in the prior art shown as an example in FIG. 1 can be obtained by antenna design hardware. Fig.13The horn antenna constructed by the antenna design hardware shown in is composed of a conductive unit (110) and a connector (140). Unlike the horn antenna (300) of the prior art, this antenna structure is composed of units. One of the greatest advantages of the unit structure is the ability to increase the aperture of the antenna by increasing the number of conductive units (110) extending outward, or to reduce the aperture of the antenna by reducing the number of conductive units (110) extending outward, thereby instantaneously changing the gain of the antenna. In addition, horn antennas operating at different frequencies can also be constructed by removing the detachable conductive units (110) by hand or with the aid of tweezers or a disassembly tool and installing the same antenna structure in different sizes. Since the horn antenna (300) of the prior art is one piece, a different antenna must be manufactured for each gain or half-power beam width or frequency value. Through its unit structure, the antenna design hardware can easily achieve the desired antenna specifications.

[0096] By using the antenna design hardware of the present invention to combine the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120) and the electromagnetic absorber unit to construct and design the antenna, working flexibility is provided for antenna designers and antenna users. By combining the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120) and the electromagnetic absorber unit, a desired geometric shape can be formed in three dimensions. Instantaneous changes can be seen on the screen of the antenna analyzer (network analyzer).

[0097] Instead of manufacturing many prototypes to reach the final electromagnetic specifications of the antenna, many different antennas can be constructed by using the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120) and the electromagnetic absorber unit with the antenna design hardware of the present invention. This method can both perform antenna design without using a simulation program and build a prototype antenna when using an antenna simulation program. Using the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120) and the electromagnetic absorber unit to perform antenna design without using an antenna simulation program can reduce the processing steps in the conventional antenna design process. Similarly, by using the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120) and the electromagnetic absorber unit to build the physical structure designed in the antenna simulation program, the prototype and final product production costs of the antenna can be eliminated. In addition, a brochure or software program can be produced by measuring or calculating the results of many different antenna types at different frequencies and different sizes. Therefore, an antenna user who has no antenna design knowledge and does not have an antenna analysis device will be able to build an antenna with the desired specifications by following the instructions on how to build an antenna with the desired specifications.

[0098] For example, when the prior art method is used Figure 7 The design of the prior art patch antenna (200) shown is first performed using equations (1), (2) and (3).

[0099]

[0100] In equation (1), c represents the speed of light, f0 represents the center frequency at which the antenna is expected to operate, and ε r represents the dielectric constant to be used on the antenna and w represents the width of the patch. Calculate w by entering the c, f0, and εr values ​​into this formula.

[0101] In equation (2), ε r represents the dielectric constant to be used on the antenna, ε eff ε represents the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric material to be used on the antenna, h represents the height of the dielectric material, and w represents the width of the patch. eff is obtained by entering ε into this formula r , h and w are used to calculate.

[0102] In equation (3), c represents the speed of light, f0 represents the center frequency at which the antenna is expected to operate, and ε eff represents the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric material to be used on the antenna, h represents the height of the dielectric material, w represents the width of the patch, and L represents the length of the patch. L is obtained by entering c, f0, ε in this formula eff , h and w are used to calculate.

[0103] The choice of dielectric material is based on ε rThe dielectric constant and material thickness (h) are measured. The prior art patch antenna dielectric (220) is located in the middle of the copper coating of the electronic circuit board. The process is performed by chemical, engraving, etc. The process is performed by chemical, engraving, etc. so that the length (L) and width (w) of the copper plate on one side of the electronic circuit board have the dimensions calculated by equations (1), (2) and (3). In this way, the dimensions of the patch (210) used in the prior art are obtained. The other surface of the copper plate is the patch antenna ground plane (230) used in the prior art. A hole is punched from the ground plane to the patch (210) used in the prior art, so that the connector (240) used in the prior art can be ensured to pass through it. The housing of the connector (240) used in the prior art is soldered to the patch antenna ground plane (230) used in the prior art; the inner conductor of the connector (240) used in the prior art is soldered to the patch (210) used in the prior art. Therefore, an antenna designed to operate at a desired frequency is obtained. The antenna reflection coefficient is measured to observe the operating frequency range. In case of deviation from the desired operating frequency, the size of the antenna may need to be changed, and in case the desired reflection coefficient cannot be achieved, the position of the connector (240) used in the prior art needs to be changed. In this case, the process should be performed again on a new copper plate by chemical, engraving, etc., and the connector installation and measurement should be performed again. This cycle continues until the desired reflection coefficient is obtained at the desired frequency. After the antenna reaches the desired frequency range, the radiation pattern measurement will be performed. When the desired results are obtained in the radiation pattern measurement, the design is complete.

[0104] like Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the same antenna is designed using the antenna design hardware of the present invention. r The values ​​of εr and h are selected from the dielectric elements (120) already present in the hardware. The antenna length (L) and the antenna width (w) are calculated using equations (1), (2) and (3). The conductive ground plane (150) is located at the bottom. Depending on the size, the conductive ground plane (150) can consist of one or more pieces. The dielectric elements (120) with the values ​​of εr and h used in the calculations are manually mounted on the conductive ground plane (150). The conductive element (110) is placed on the dielectric element (120). Fig.11As shown, the connector inner conductor (143) is manually joined to the conductive element (110) so that the connector chassis is joined to the conductive ground layer (150). The operating frequency and reflection coefficient value of the antenna can be observed by measuring the reflection coefficient of the antenna. If there is a deviation from the expected operating frequency, the antenna size can be changed by manually adding or removing elements. If the desired reflection coefficient cannot be achieved, the connector (140) can also be manually repositioned. When the ideal position of the connector (140) is determined, the design is completed by performing radiation pattern testing.

[0105] If the patch length (L) and patch width (w) obtained using equations (1), (2) and (3) do not correspond to a multiple of the element size, the closest size is used. Thus, all elements are mounted and the reflection coefficient is measured. If the desired value is not obtained, it has been tried to reach the desired frequency value by adding or removing conductive elements (110). If it is still not reached, in this case, the required frequency value is reached by replacing one, several or all dielectric elements (120) with dielectric elements (120) with different dielectric constants (εr) present in the antenna design hardware. This method enables designing at the desired frequency regardless of the design restrictions on the size of the conductive elements (110).

[0106] Similar to antennas, passive microwave structures such as power dividers, couplers, filters, impedance transformers and magic tees are designed using electromagnetic simulation programs and measured using antenna analyzers (network analyzers). These structures are part of microwave training. These passive components can be designed and built using antenna design hardware. Antenna design hardware is capable of building microstrip and waveguide components using its elements.

[0107] In a CEM (Computational Electromagnetic) software program, when a user draws a physical structure in a CAD environment, the software discretizes the structure into small pieces, called "grid cells." The software uses numerical methods to solve for the electric and magnetic fields at each grid cell. When a user sees the physical structure in a CAD (Computer Aided Design) drawing, they will get results for the grid structure. These cells can have many different geometries, depending on the solution method. The size of the grid cell is typically chosen to be larger than 20 wavelengths or larger than 10 wavelengths in order to achieve realistic results compared to measurements of manufactured antennas.

[0108] The cells in the antenna design hardware are analogous to the "grid cells" in the CEM software program. When the grid geometry and size are the same in the antenna design hardware and the CEM software program, the results must be similar.

[0109] Based on this principle, specific electromagnetic software that can draw predefined antenna design hardware units is an optional element of the antenna design hardware. The user can select the predefined unit graphics in the software program interface, build the antenna with the unit in the CAD interface, and simulate it using computer electromagnetic methods. In addition to the computer electromagnetic methods in the prior art, this method also has the same grid unit size as the hardware unit of the antenna design hardware, or predefined discrete points for each unit. This ensures that, in addition to the simulation (calculation) program for simulating random structures, this specific software also calculates predetermined geometries with predefined grid units. This method provides users with the result of actually observing the antenna design hardware in a computer environment.

Claims

1. An antenna design hardware that allows antenna designers to implement antenna designs and physically form antennas in any geometry they desire, characterized in that, The antenna design hardware includes: A plurality of conductive units (110), each conductive unit comprising at least one unit protrusion (101) and a unit body (102), each conductive unit electromagnetically acting as a single conductive plate at RF frequency, and the conductive units are configured to contact or not contact each other, and although mechanically separated, operate by not contacting each other or by contacting each other from one or more points or the entire plane of the unit body (102) or by contacting the unit protrusion (101), A plurality of dielectric units (120), each having a dielectric constant, the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric units may be different, so that the dielectric units are configured to have different dielectric constants on the same layer or different layers within an antenna to operate at all interval frequencies, and the frequency at which the antenna can operate is not limited to the step interval of the unit size, that is, the size of the antenna is increased by at least one unit size, and has a three-dimensional geometric structure, although mechanically separated, by contacting or not contacting each other, it electromagnetically acts as a single dielectric plate at RF frequencies, A plurality of electromagnetic absorption units, each of which, although mechanically separated, electromagnetically acts as a single absorber plate at RF frequencies by contacting or not contacting each other, and has a three-dimensional geometric structure and is configured to absorb electromagnetic waves, A plurality of conductive ground layers (150), each conductive ground layer, although mechanically separated, electromagnetically acts as a single conductive plate at RF frequencies by being in contact or not in contact with each other, each conductive ground layer having a three-dimensional geometric structure, A plurality of connectors (140) are provided, each having one or more connector protrusions (144) or one or more connector holes, allowing the connector (140) to be removed from or installed on one of the one or more conductive units (110) in a plurality of conductive grounding layers (150).

2. The antenna design hardware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna design hardware includes a plurality of conductive units (110), a plurality of dielectric units (120), a plurality of electromagnetic absorption units, and a plurality of conductive ground layers (150), which are configured to construct more than one antenna type according to operating frequency band, polarization, impedance, gain, size, weight, half-power beamwidth, sidelobe level, and backlobe level.

3. The antenna design hardware according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the plurality of conductive units (110), dielectric units (120), and electromagnetic absorption units includes unit protrusions (101) connected to each other by interlocking.

4. The antenna design hardware according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each conductive ground layer includes a ground plane protrusion (151) to ensure that the conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120) and the electromagnetic absorption unit are interlockingly connected to the conductive ground layer (150).

5. The antenna design hardware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna design hardware includes a plurality of conductive elements (110) having one or more conductivity values, each conductive element having a conductivity value.

6. The antenna design hardware according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive unit (110), the dielectric unit (120), the electromagnetic absorption unit and the conductive grounding layer (150) are connected by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of interlocking, screwing, bonding, soldering and welding.

7. A method for constructing an antenna, the method being constructed using the antenna design hardware according to claim 1 or claim 2, It is characterized in that The method comprises the following processing steps; Step 10: Determine antenna requirements, Step 11: Determine the antenna type based on the determined antenna requirements. Step 12: Perform calculations based on antenna type and requirements, Step 13: Determine the unit type and the number of conductive units (110), dielectric units (120), electromagnetic absorption units, and conductive grounding layers (150) to be used according to the calculation. Step 20: Check whether at least one of the multiple conductive ground planes is used. Step 30: Check whether at least one of the plurality of electromagnetic absorption units is used. Step 40: Check whether at least one of the plurality of dielectric units is used. Step 14: Place conductive elements (110), the number of which is determined according to the determined antenna structure. Step 15: Selection of connector (140), Step 16: Install the selected connector (140), Step 17: Measure whether the antenna structure meets the antenna requirements. Step 18: Check if the antenna requirements are met. Step 19: When the measurement results meet the antenna requirements, the design is completed. When the measurement result does not meet the antenna requirements, return to step 12: "Calculate according to antenna type and requirements".

8. The antenna construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: in the processing step 20: "check whether the conductive ground layer (150) is used", the processing step 21 is included: "if the conductive ground layer (150) is not used according to the antenna requirements, it is not placed".

9. The antenna construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: in the processing step 20: "check whether the conductive ground layer (150) is used" includes the processing step 22 "if the conductive ground layer (150) is used according to the antenna requirements, it is placed".

10. The antenna construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: in the processing step 30: "check whether the electromagnetic absorption unit is used" comprises the processing step 31: "if the electromagnetic absorption unit is not used, it is not placed".

11. The antenna construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: in the processing step 30: "check whether the electromagnetic absorption unit is used" comprises the processing step 32: "if the electromagnetic absorption unit is used, it is placed".

12. The antenna construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: in the processing step 40: "check whether the dielectric unit is used" comprises the processing step 41 "if the dielectric unit is not used, it is not placed".

13. The antenna construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: in the processing step 40: "check whether a dielectric unit is used" comprises the processing step 42: "if a dielectric unit is used, it is placed".

14. An antenna design hardware that allows a user to implement a passive electromagnetic structure as a microstrip or waveguide component consisting of a power divider, coupler, filter, impedance transformer and / or magic tee and physically form the passive electromagnetic structure, characterized in that, The antenna design hardware includes: A plurality of conductive units (110), each conductive unit comprising at least one unit protrusion (101) and a unit body (102), each conductive unit electromagnetically acting as a single conductive plate at RF frequency, and the conductive units are configured to contact or not contact each other, and although mechanically separated, operate by not contacting each other or by contacting each other from one or more points or the entire plane of the unit body (102) or by contacting the unit protrusion (101), A plurality of dielectric units (120), each having a dielectric constant, the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric units may be different, so that the dielectric units are configured to have different dielectric constants on the same layer or different layers within an antenna to operate at all interval frequencies, and the frequency at which the antenna can operate is not limited to the step interval of the unit size, that is, the size of the antenna is increased by at least one unit size, and has a three-dimensional geometric structure, although mechanically separated, by contacting or not contacting each other, it electromagnetically acts as a single dielectric plate at RF frequencies, A plurality of electromagnetic absorption units, each of which, although mechanically separated, electromagnetically acts as a single absorber plate at RF frequencies by contacting or not contacting each other, and has a three-dimensional geometric structure and is configured to absorb electromagnetic waves, A plurality of conductive ground layers (150), each conductive ground layer, although mechanically separated, electromagnetically acts as a single conductive plate at RF frequencies by being in contact or not in contact with each other, each conductive ground layer having a three-dimensional geometric structure, A plurality of connectors (140) are provided, each having one or more connector protrusions (144) or one or more connector holes, allowing the connector (140) to be removed from or installed on one of the one or more conductive units (110) in a plurality of conductive grounding layers (150).

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