Tower type diaphragmless reversible fuel cell

Abstract

The present application is a tower type diaphragmless reversible fuel cell, which is a kind of automatic equipment integrating power generation and hydrogen production, and is capable of efficiently and high-power converting hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and efficiently and high-power electrolyzing water through an external power source (such as photovoltaic power, wind power, etc.) to separate and store high-purity hydrogen and oxygen for delivery. The tower type diaphragmless reversible fuel cell is composed of a reaction tank (9-2) fixed on a base (9-1), a hydrogen buffer bottle (9-5), a compressor (9-17), a parallel high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle (9-21), a hydrogen system and an oxygen system, and a parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8) and a parallel oxygen supply assembly (7-11) in a parallel gas supply assembly fixed on the back of the reaction tank (9-2).

Description

[0001] The present application, a tower type diaphragmless reversible fuel cell, is an automatic equipment integrating power generation and hydrogen production, which can efficiently and high-power convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity through electrochemical reaction, and can also efficiently and high-power electrolyze water by an external power source (photovoltaic, wind power, etc.) to separate high-purity hydrogen and oxygen for storage and transportation.

[0002] Although hydrogen energy is an ideal zero-pollution and renewable energy, the development and application of hydrogen energy have not found an efficient, inexpensive and effective technical solution (method), and mainly have the following two problems:

[0003] 1. Hydrogen source technology, i.e., the problem of where to obtain a large amount of hydrogen energy in the future

[0004] (1) Hydrogen production by fossil energy reforming technology: Currently, 95% of hydrogen energy is obtained by hydrogen production by fossil energy reforming technology, which has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and is a byproduct of chemical industry. However, it has the disadvantages of low quality, high pollution and limited resources.

[0005] (2) Hydrogen production by water electrolysis, which is divided into two types: ① asbestos diaphragm electrolytic cell, which has the disadvantages of low efficiency, large volume and international ban on asbestos diaphragm; ② proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, which has the advantages of high efficiency and small volume. However, it has the disadvantages of high price of proton exchange membrane, need of noble metal "platinum" as catalyst, and need of deionized water for electrolysis, which additionally increases the cost.

[0006] The above two problems can be summarized in three sentences: hydrogen production by fossil energy is not sustainable. The existing hydrogen production by water electrolysis has high cost and low efficiency, and is not cost-effective.

[0007] 2. Hydrogen energy application technology, i.e., the problem of efficient conversion of hydrogen energy

[0008] (1) Conversion of hydrogen energy into kinetic energy: hydrogen internal combustion engine technology is not mature.

[0009] (2) Conversion of hydrogen energy into electrical energy: hydrogen fuel cell technology is mature, but the price of proton exchange membrane is high, and noble metal "platinum" is needed as catalyst, which has high cost and is difficult to meet market requirements.

[0010] (3) Large-capacity vehicle hydrogen storage technology has not been completely broken through. However, the current high-pressure hydrogen storage technology can meet the needs of hydrogen storage for transportation tools and households.

[0011] The above two problems are the bottleneck problems that restrict and hinder the application and promotion of hydrogen energy, and are the key problems of how to use hydrogen energy.

[0012] I. The purpose of the present application is:

[0013] To solve the above-mentioned, where the future of hydrogen energy and how to use hydrogen energy two specific issues. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe, efficient, inexpensive, during the day can use photovoltaic, wind power and other renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen and oxygen storage and transport efficiency; at night using the hydrogen and oxygen stored during the day for efficient power generation for home life and lighting electricity (day photovoltaic power generation). A set of power generation and hydrogen production in one of the automated equipment (or technology) - tower diaphragm reversible fuel cell.

[0014] II, hydrogen fuel cell commercialization must meet the conditions:

[0015] In addition to the need to meet: safe, efficient, inexpensive, high power and small five conditions, but also need to have cheap hydrogen and oxygen supply. And this need to solve several technical problems:

[0016] Before solving the problem, first of all, the fuel cell to do a definition: fuel cell is the oxidant and reducing agent in the respective electrode and electrolyte contact interface on the interface of electrochemical reactions, through the positive and negative electrode wiring to the outside output power equipment (technology). Therefore, to solve the technical problems of fuel cells, first of all, to solve the following problems:

[0017] 1, how to separate the oxidant (oxygen) and reducing agent (hydrogen) and achieve ion (hydrogen (H + ) ion and hydroxyl (OH-) ion) conduction problem - ion exchange problem;

[0018] 2, how to make the oxidant and reducing agent to reach the respective electrode and electrolyte contact surface problem;

[0019] 3, how to increase the electrode and electrolyte contact surface problem;

[0020] 4, the oxidant and reducing agent to reach the respective electrode and electrolyte contact surface, whether the electrochemical reaction can be fully completed, including the following two problems: (1), the control of the reaction amount. (2), the control of the reaction time extension.

[0021] III, the existing technology - hydrogen fuel cell technology

[0022] Fuel cell according to the different electrolyte, can be divided into five categories: (1), alkaline fuel cell (AFC); (2), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC); (3), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); (4), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC); (5), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).

[0023] In the five kinds of fuel cells, the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is the best, and the application prospect is also the best. The following describes the proton exchange membrane fuel cell:

[0024] 1. The electrolyte membrane (ion exchange membrane) is the core component of a fuel cell (PEMFC). Its function is to isolate the oxidant and reductant while simultaneously conducting ions. It is a perfluorinated polymer. The main matrix material is a perfluorosulfonic acid ion exchange resin membrane with a thickness of 20 to 30 micrometers. After acidification, the membrane has a fixed acid concentration. Due to its mesh structure, it exhibits significantly greater resistance to the migration of negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH-) with larger hydrated ionic radii than hydrogen ions (H+). Therefore, this ion exchange membrane (PEMFC) has selective permeability.

[0025] (1) Its advantages are: it has excellent chemical stability and thermal stability.

[0026] (2) Its disadvantages are: perfluorinated polymer films need to be sintered, which makes industrial production extremely difficult, so proton exchange membranes are expensive.

[0027] 2. Gas flow channel design and gas diffusion layer design:

[0028] The advantage is that it effectively solves the problem of uniformity in the arrival of oxidants (oxygen) and reducing agents (hydrogen) at the contact surfaces between their respective electrodes and electrolyte membranes.

[0029] The disadvantages are: (1) Since the battery requires a pressure of 4.5 MPad to operate, the oxidant and reductant will quickly pass through the contact surface and escape. Therefore, a highly active precious metal, platinum, is needed as a catalyst to accelerate the reaction rate, which increases the cost. (2) The complex manufacturing process of the membrane module further increases the cost. (3) It is difficult to expand the contact surface (working surface) between the electrode and the electrolyte, so it is difficult to increase the power.

[0030] In summary, proton exchange membrane fuel cells have good performance and mature technology, but they are too expensive, have a complex structure, and have too short a battery life, making them unsuitable for large-scale application.

[0031] IV. Scientific Principles Used in This Invention

[0032] Before explaining the beneficial effects of this invention, I would like to briefly describe my latest scientific discovery—the phenomenon of gas accumulating when it moves upward through an inverted box. This phenomenon, when extended to multiple stacked boxes, is called the stacking effect. This phenomenon is a common natural phenomenon, and it can be summarized into the following five rules:

[0033] ① When a box with its opening facing down or a stack of boxes with their openings facing down is inserted vertically into a sealed container containing liquid, the liquid and gas in each box will form a natural horizontal interface that floats up and down. No matter how the pressure inside the container changes, the gas inside the box will only be compressed and will not overflow. The pressure inside the box decreases gradually from bottom to top.

[0034] 2、 When the external pressure is greater than the internal pressure of the sealed container, the gas enters the box from the outside, and the contact surface of the gas and the liquid will be naturally divided by the overflow surface.

[0035] 3、 The total area of the contact surface (natural division surface) S = n·s (number of layers n = 1, 2, …, layer area S). 4、 Two columns of stacked boxes are inserted into the electrolyte at the same time, and the ions in the electrolyte can move freely laterally.

[0036] 5、 The gas entering the sealed container from the bottom will move upward under the action of buoyancy, and the movement angle can be continued in the range of greater than 0° < 180° after being guided by multiple open covers or grooves.

[0037] Five, the beneficial effects of the application of the five rules

[0038] 1、 Application rule "①": a single gas collection cover is stacked to form a gas collection window, and the gas remaining in each gas collection cover will only be compressed and will not overflow; (the residence time of the gas in the box can be extended, and the purpose is to extend the electrochemical reaction time).

[0039] 2、 Application rule "②": a contact surface formed by the gas and the liquid (electrolyte) will be formed below each gas collection cover, which can be used as an electrochemical reaction surface, and the contact surface will not disappear due to changes in gas pressure according to rule "①". Therefore, the electrochemical reaction time of the oxidizing agent (oxygen) and the reducing agent (hydrogen) on the interface between the respective electrode and the electrolyte is extended, which means that inexpensive metals (stainless steel) with relatively poor electrical activity can replace noble metals "platinum" with good electrical activity, and the purpose is to reduce the cost of fuel cells.

[0040] 3、 Based on rule "②": the electrode and the electrolyte always maintain a large enough natural division surface, ensuring a sufficient amount of oxidizing agent (or reducing agent), completing the electrochemical reaction and realizing ion transfer in the delay period, and the purpose is to improve the transfer speed (efficiency) of the charged ions.

[0041] 4、 Based on rules "④ and ⑤": the electrode needle and the electrode net hidden under the gas collection window in the electrolytic state, the gas generated during electrolysis, and the gas collection cover gas entering from the bottom of the gas collection window from the external pipeline in the power generation state will continue to move upward under the action of buoyancy along the direction guided by the gas collection window. The positive and negative ions in the electrolyte can move laterally through the window of the gas collection window between the positive and negative reaction towers to achieve ion exchange. Therefore, the invention does not require a diaphragm, thereby reducing the cost.

[0042] 5. According to the rule 3: the area of the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte can be enlarged to 3-4 times.

[0043] 6. The present application uses new principle, new process and new structure: (1) the complicated membrane assembly manufacturing process in the prior art (fuel cell) is replaced to reduce the cost. (2) the non-contact series connection is realized to reduce the internal electrical loss of the equipment.

[0044] 7. The present application has two functions: (1) high-power and high-efficiency power generation function. (2) using intermittent energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power to realize high-power and high-efficiency dynamic water electrolysis hydrogen-oxygen production function.

[0045] Summary: the above seven advantages of the present application are incomparable with the prior art.

[0046] Six, the purpose of the present application is achieved as follows

[0047] The specific structure, effect, working principle and implementation process of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with the description of the accompanying drawings Figure 1 , the accompanying drawings Figure 2 … and the accompanying drawings Figure 9 .

[0048] Before describing the present application, the following description is made: in order to accurately describe the structure, working principle and implementation method of the present application, the names appearing below will be renamed. The reason is that the present application has dual functions of power generation and hydrogen production, which is different from the single-function fuel cell and single-function electrolytic tank. Therefore, the electrolytic tank is renamed as reaction tank, and the electrolytic separation tower is renamed as reaction tower. The electrolyte is renamed as reaction liquid (catalytic liquid).

[0049] The present application has a recovery process of supplying excess hydrogen and oxygen in the power generation state, which has been described in detail in another two inventions. This application will not be described.

[0050] In order to accurately describe the structure, working principle and working effect of the present application, the names of the parts appearing in the following description are as follows:

[0051] ①, the part gas collector (see the accompanying drawings Figure 1 ) and the part frame (5-6) are assembled into a part called gas collection window.

[0052] ②, the part conductive plate with electrode needle and electrode net becomes a part called electrode plate (standard electrode, terminal electrode and single-sided electrode) after assembly. The electrode plate is assembled with the gas collection window and named as reaction tower. The reaction tower is encapsulated and named as reaction tank.

[0053] ③ The reaction tank is composed of small chambers separated by a reaction tower. Since the chambers are connected in series, when the reaction tank is in the power generation state or in the electrolysis state, the front and back of the reaction tower become: the front is the positive electrode tower and the back is the negative electrode tower. The one connected to the positive electrode of the power source is called the positive electrode reaction tower (called the oxygen reaction tower when generating electricity), and the one connected to the negative electrode of the power source is called the negative electrode reaction tower (called the hydrogen reaction tower when generating electricity).

[0054] Attached image description: Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the gas collection hood in this invention.

[0055] Appendix Figure 2 This is a planar sectional view of the left air intake shroud in this invention.

[0056] Appendix Figure 3 Axonometric views and enlarged views of the three types of electrode plates.

[0057] Appendix Figure 4 Axonometric view of the reaction tower.

[0058] Appendix Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the airflow path formed by the reaction tower (electrode needles, electrode mesh, and gas collecting window of the electrode plate).

[0059] Appendix Figure 6 Axonometric view of the fine-tuning air supply component.

[0060] Appendix Figure 7 Axonometric view of the parallel gas supply assembly.

[0061] Appendix Figure 8 Axonometric view of the parallel gas supply system for the reaction tank.

[0062] Appendix Figure 9 Axonometric view of a reversible fuel cell system.

[0063] 1. The structure of the gas collection hood is shown in the appendix. Figure 1 :

[0064] (1), Structure: According to the position of the overflow hole on the gas collecting cover, it can be divided into two kinds of gas collecting cover: odd hole and even hole. The difference between them is only the number of holes, which is determined by the number of small holes in the gas inlet cover. They are completely the same in shape and size: It is a thin-walled box with three equal height and one low rectangular shape, which is surrounded by a bottom plane (1-9), a long strip-shaped flow limiting surface (1-13), a flow guiding curved surface (1-8) and left and right two trapezoidal curved surfaces (1-10), (1-2). The overflow hole (1-4) is made on the bottom plane of the box. The convex edge (1-6) of the overflow hole and the first and second ribs (1-3), (1-7) at both ends of the hole form a partition section, which separates the rectangular box at the bottom of the gas collecting cover. The plane of the overflow hole is called overflow surface (1-5), which is lower than the height of the overflow edge (1-14). The left trapezoidal curved surface (1-10) is connected with the left step (1-11) to form a curved surface. The right trapezoidal curved surface is completely the same as the left trapezoidal curved surface for installation and limiting. The plane part of the left and right trapezoidal curved surfaces intersects with the two ends of the flow limiting surface (1-13) and vertically extends from the top of the flow limiting surface (1-13). The end is provided with first and second arrow-shaped plugs (1-12), (1-1) for installation and fixation.

[0065] (2), Action and effect: Collecting gas and guiding gas to move in a specified direction.

[0066] 2, The structure of the gas inlet cover is shown in the attached Figure 2 :

[0067] (1), Structure: The gas inlet cover is divided into left gas inlet cover (4-4) and right gas inlet cover (4-5), which are mirror images (symmetric) of each other. The shape and size of the outer shape are completely equal to those of the gas collecting cover. Here, only the left gas inlet cover is described, as shown in the attached Figure 2 :

[0068] The left and right ends of the gas inlet cover are respectively provided with left trapezoidal curved surface (2-8) and right trapezoidal curved surface (2-7). The left trapezoidal curved surface (2-8) is provided with first limiting step (2-4). The right trapezoidal curved surface (2-7) is also provided with second limiting step (2-6) with the same size and position. The step is provided with gas inlet pipe (2-1) passing through the lower plane section. The gas inlet pipe is connected with exhaust small hole (2-5) on the bottom plane (2-3) through small pipe (2-2) to form a gas supply channel.

[0069] (2), Action and effect: When generating electricity, the left and right gas inlet covers supply gas to the reaction tower.

[0070] 3, The structure and working effect of the electrode plate are shown in the attached Figure 3 and the attached Figure 4 :

[0071] (1) Structure: The electrode plate is divided into three types, ① standard electrode plate (3-2), ② terminal electrode plate (3-3) and ③ single-sided electrode plate. The single-sided electrode plate is further divided into left single-sided electrode plate (3-1) and right single-sided electrode plate (3-4), which have the same structure, shape and size. The upper screw (3-11) and the lower screw (3-10) are provided above the needle array (3-9) of the three types of electrode plates. The back of the needle array of the single-sided electrode plate is provided with a copper plate (3-8) with the same size as the area of the needle, and a terminal post (3-7) is provided at the center. The angle (3-6) between the needle (3-5) in the needle array (3-9) and the electrode plate should be in the range of greater than 0° and less than 180°, and the optimal angle is equal to 90°.

[0072] 2) Effect: The needle array (3-9) is an important component of the electrode plate. If the electrode plate is compared to a tree, the needle array is the branch of the tree, and the even-hole electrode net (4-8) and the odd-hole electrode net (4-9) (see attached Figure 4 ) are the leaves of the tree. Only when the branches and leaves are lush can the leaves better perform photosynthesis. Similarly, only when the large-area needle array and electrode net are in the power generation state can they receive more electrons, and in the electrolysis state can they release more electrons. The standard electrode plate (3-2) and the terminal electrode plate (3-3) play a role in separating the reaction tank in this invention, and enable the two adjacent small chambers after separation to realize non-bound and non-contact series connection, so as to reduce the resistance, reduce the energy loss, and achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency.

[0073] 4) The structure, working principle and working effect of the reaction tower are shown in the attached Figure 4 :

[0074] (1) The reaction tower is the most critical component in this invention, which plays an important role like the heart of the human body. It has the following eight properties:

[0075] ① Dual function: It has the functions of power generation and electrolysis.

[0076] ② Isolation: The reaction tank can be separated into series small chambers by the reaction tower.

[0077] ③ Non-bound conduction: The series small chambers are non-bound and non-contact in conduction.

[0078] ④ Two-sided conduction: One side is positive and the opposite side is negative.

[0079] ⑤ Integration: The generation, collection and movement of gas are completed at one time in the reaction tower.

[0080] ⑥ Same: Ensure that the same reaction tower is the same gas when generating or electrolyzing.

[0081] ⑦ One-time operation: During power generation or electrolysis, the electrodes of the reaction tower complete the collection, release, and transfer of electrons in one operation.

[0082] ⑧. Expandability: The combination of the electrode array and the electrode mesh increases the conductive area of ​​the electrode plate inside the gas collecting window by 3 to 4 times.

[0083] (2) Structure of the reaction tower: The electrodes of the reaction tower are divided into three types: ① standard electrodes, ② terminal electrodes, and ③ single-sided electrodes. The standard electrodes and terminal electrodes have their electrode arrays, electrode meshes, and inlet hoods arranged symmetrically on both sides of the conductive plate (4-1). The left row of electrode needles (4-3) corresponds to the right row of electrode needles (4-6); the left electrode mesh (4-2) corresponds to the right electrode mesh (4-7), with identical structures, positions, and areas. On the left side of the conductive plate: the left inlet hood (4-4), left row of electrode needles (4-3), and left electrode mesh (4-2) correspond one-to-one with the right inlet hood (4-5), right row of electrode needles (4-6), and right electrode mesh (4-7) on the right side of the electrode plate. The electrode mesh is an important component for realizing the power generation function of this invention. It is divided into two groups according to the number of holes on the electrode mesh: one group is an even-numbered hole electrode mesh (4-8), and the other group is an odd-numbered hole electrode mesh (4-9). Since the arrangement on the left and right sides of the electrode plate is exactly the same, here we only describe the combination and assembly method of the right air intake shroud (4-5), the even-numbered hole electrode mesh (4-8), and the odd-numbered hole electrode mesh (4-9) on the electrode needle array: (1) When the holes of the right air intake shroud (4-5) are odd-numbered holes, the upper and lower groups of electrode meshes close to the electrode needles should be stacked alternately according to the even-numbered hole electrode mesh and the odd-numbered hole electrode mesh and then close to the electrode needles. When the left air intake shroud (4-4) has an odd number of holes, its assembly method is the same as described above.

[0084] (3) Functions and effects of the reaction tower: (1) When in the power generation state, electrons released from the contact surface (interface) between the reaction liquid and the electrode mesh are collected from below by the electrode needles and transferred to the other side of the reaction tower, completing the contactless transfer of electrons. (2) When in the electrolysis state, the working mode of the reaction tower is exactly the opposite of its power generation mode, realizing reversible operation.

[0085] 5. The airflow path and working effect of the reaction tower (composed of electrode needles, electrode mesh, and gas collecting window) are shown in the appendix. Figure 3 and appendix Figure 5 :

[0086] The reaction tower consists of two types of components: electrodes and gas collecting windows.

[0087] (1) The structure of the gas collecting window: ① The gas collecting window (5-10) is stacked in the following order: the first layer is the odd-numbered hole gas inlet cover (5-1) with odd-numbered holes (5-7) communicating with the gas inlet pipe (2-1) → the second layer is the even-numbered hole gas collecting cover (5-2) → the third layer is the odd-numbered hole gas collecting cover (5-3) → the fourth layer is the even-numbered hole gas collecting cover (5-4) → the fifth layer is the odd-numbered hole gas collecting cover (5-5), and so on. Then, the plugs at both ends of the gas inlet cover and the odd-numbered and even-numbered gas collecting covers are inserted into the grooves on both sides of the frame (5-6). ② The protruding edges of the odd-numbered hole gas collecting covers (5-3), (5-5), and so on are inserted into the corresponding electrode mesh holes. The protruding edges of the even-numbered hole gas collecting covers (5-2), (5-4), and so on are inserted into the corresponding electrode mesh holes.

[0088] (2) The structure of the reaction tower: The assembled gas collecting window is slid down from the root of the pole to press the electrode mesh against the pole, and then the lower hole (5-8) at the bottom of the frame (5-6) is aligned with the lower screw (3-10) at the bottom of the electrode plate, and the upper hole at the top of the frame is aligned with the upper screw (3-11) at the top of the electrode plate. The frame is fastened with a washer and a nut.

[0089] (3) The function and effect of the reaction tower:

[0090] ① The gas collecting window is inserted into the reaction solution, making the electrode mesh below each gas collecting cover tightly adhere to the pole. The gas (hydrogen or oxygen) remaining under the box forms a horizontal plane of the floating electrochemical reaction contact interface between the electrode mesh and the reaction solution. During the reaction, electrons are immediately collected and converged by the electrode mesh submerged in the reaction solution and the pole closely adhering to the electrode mesh, forming an electric current.

[0091] ② The purpose of making the pole perpendicular to the electrode plate is to make the electrode mesh obtain the maximum contact area between the reaction solution and the reaction gas when the pole is in close contact with the electrode mesh.

[0092] ③ When the supply of reaction gas exceeds the demand, the gas collecting cover of the gas collecting window collects the excess reaction gas that does not participate in the reaction, guides the gas to move upward tightly against the electrode plate, enters the electrode plate, and then uses the electrolysis system to collect and compress the gas for storage and recycling.

[0093] ④ The ions in the reaction solution will directly exchange through the window of the gas collecting window with the shortest distance.

[0094] ⑤ The standard reaction tower and the terminal reaction tower serve as a partition between the two single-sided reaction towers, and enable the two adjacent small chambers after partitioning to be connected in series without boundary and contact, thereby reducing the resistance and achieving the purpose of high-efficiency conduction and reducing power loss.

[0095] 6、Independent fine-tuning of the structure of the gas supply components see attached Figure 6 :

[0096] (1), structure: by fine-tuning the valve (6-1) of the outer thread, first the inner thread elbow (6-4) under the cup holder (6-5) is connected, then the glass observation cup (6-6) is screwed into the cup holder (6-5) with internal threads, so that the inner cavity of the glass observation cup (6-6) is communicated with the base elbow, then through the outer thread elbow (6-7) of the glass observation cup (6-6), in turn, the inner thread elbow connector (6-8), straight pipe (6-10) and single thread connector (6-12) are connected, finally the straight pipe (6-10) is locked with connector locking nut (6-9), (6-11), the reaction tank inlet pipe is communicated with the fine-tuning valve (6-1), and the locking nut (6-3) is used to lock to prevent gas leakage.

[0097] Effect: when the independent fine-tuning gas supply component is working, first fill one-third of the height of water into the glass observation cup (6-6), so that the gas flow enters the glass observation cup (6-6) from below along the straight pipe (6-10), inner thread elbow connector (6-8), outer thread elbow (6-7), passes through the water in the cup, and then exits from the fine-tuning valve (6-1) through the cup holder (6-5), inner thread elbow (6-4). By adjusting the fine-tuning handle (6-2) of the fine-tuning valve (6-1), the speed of the gas flow passing through the water in the cup to generate bubbles is controlled, and the precise control of the gas flow into the reaction tower is realized.

[0098] 7、Parallel hydrogen supply assembly and parallel oxygen supply assembly structure effect see attached Figure 5 , attached Figure 7 :

[0099] (1), structure: parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8): after the fine-tuning gas supply components are arranged in a row and communicated with the parallel gas inlet manifold (7-10), the glass observation cup (6-6) of the fine-tuning gas supply component is clamped with wave clamp (7-9) and screw, and then the parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8) is fixed together with the parallel hydrogen supply manifold (7-10) through the lower pipe clamp (7-7) on the lower support (7-5) of the frame base (7-1). The upper support (7-2) is used to fix the parallel oxygen supply assembly (7-11). The loose bend (7-3) is used to communicate the high-pressure hydrogen supply pipe. The loose bend (7-12) is used to communicate the high-pressure oxygen supply pipe. The open hook (7-4) is used to fix the frame (5-6) of the gas collection window on the reaction tank.

[0100] The fixing method of the parallel oxygen supply assembly is the same as that of the parallel hydrogen supply assembly, which will not be described.

[0101] (2), Effects: ①, parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8) is for each hydrogen reaction tower to supply hydrogen. ②, parallel oxygen supply assembly (7-11) for each oxygen reaction tower to supply oxygen.

[0102] 8, the structure of the reaction tank parallel gas supply system assembly is shown in the attached Figure 8 :

[0103] Before describing the gas supply path of the reaction tower in the reaction tank, for the convenience of description, first make the following provisions: (also can make the provisions completely opposite to the following provisions)

[0104] (1), the gas collection window of the reaction tower is right to the oxygen reaction tower and the upper dashed line oxygen group (8-1).

[0105] (2), the gas collection window of the reaction tower is left to the hydrogen reaction tower and the lower dashed line hydrogen group (8-2).

[0106] (3), A1, A2, … represent standard reaction towers, B1, B2, … represent terminal reaction towers, and C represents right and left single-sided reaction towers (8-5), (8-7).

[0107] (4), the one-way valve joint (8-6) below the reaction tank is numbered in the order of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … from right to left, and divided into two groups: ①, the odd-numbered group 1, 3, 5, … is the hydrogen inlet group, and the number also represents the hydrogen electrode in the corresponding hydrogen reaction tower. The inlet group is connected to the hydrogen inlet cover below the hydrogen reaction tower in the reaction tank, and supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen electrode. ②, the even-numbered group 2, 4, 6, … is the oxygen group, and the number represents the oxygen electrode of the corresponding oxygen reaction tower. The inlet group is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe of the oxygen collection cover below the reaction tower in the reaction tank, and supplies oxygen to the oxygen electrode.

[0108] The internal structure of the reaction tank: the reaction tank is divided into small rooms in the order of right C→A1→A2→…→B1→B2→C left to improve the output voltage (electromotive force) of the reaction tank, and provide high voltage output during power generation. During electrolysis, it can achieve better voltage matching with external photovoltaic power supply. The communication mode of hydrogen and oxygen two groups of elbow pipes and reaction towers:

[0109] (1), hydrogen group (8-2) in parallel bend group (8-4) in bend H1, H3, H5, … through one-way valve joint (8-6) in odd numbered group 1, 3, 5, … with hydrogen reaction tower below the gas inlet cover gas inlet pipe corresponding communication, for hydrogen reaction tower supply hydrogen gas.(2), oxygen group (8-1) in parallel bend group (8-3) in bend 02, 04, 06, …, through one-way valve joint (8-6) in even numbered group 2, 4, 6, … with oxygen reaction tower below the gas inlet cover gas inlet pipe corresponding communication, for oxygen reaction tower supply oxygen.

[0110] 9, the present application - the total assembly process of reversible fuel cell system see specification attached Figure 7 And attached Figure 9 :

[0111] The present application works in power generation state, cannot leave the reducing agent-hydrogen and oxidant-oxygen together. Need unceasingly hydrogen energy and oxygen supply, only then will have stable electric energy output. Hydrogen system provides reducing agent, oxygen system provides oxidant. Hydrogen system and oxygen system are two independent systems, its structure, assembly method is same, the difference, only in hydrogen system more parallel one hydrogen storage bottle. Below only to hydrogen system is described: first, reaction tank (9-2) is fixed on base (9-1), again parallel gas supply assembly (see attached Figure 7 ) through screw and nut fixed in the back of reaction tank. According to: (1), metering electromagnetic valve (9-14), bend (9-13), snap ring quick connection (9-11), one-way valve (9-8) and hydrogen buffer bottle (9-5) top side the internal thread (9-7) communication, constitute hydrogen buffer bottle gas inlet pipeline.(2), hydrogen buffer bottle top internal thread (9-6), through tee (9-9), one-way valve (9-12), gas pipe (9-16) and compressor (9-17) inlet sequence communication, constitute compressor gas inlet pipeline.(3), under the condition of same pressure, hydrogen gas volume is twice oxygen gas volume, therefore, two high pressure hydrogen storage bottle (9-21) is used in parallel to increase hydrogen storage capacity. Specific method is: parallel hydrogen storage bottle right side uses elbow, opposite thread, snap ring quick connection (9-20), uses tee (9-19) of the internal thread of the T-shaped mouth to connect the right end of two hydrogen storage bottles, again uses the external port of this tee through exhaust pipe (9-18) and the exhaust port of compressor is connected, constitutes high pressure hydrogen storage bottle gas supply channel.(4), the left end of two high pressure hydrogen storage bottles uses elbow, snap ring quick connection (9-24), tee (9-25), short pipe (9-26), tee (9-27), electric valve (9-28), elbow (9-29), one-way valve (9-30), hydrogen supply pipe (9-31) finally with parallel gas supply assembly (9-32) (attached Figure 7 ) in parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8) in the flexible elbow (7-3) communication. At this time, has constituted the complete hydrogen system of reversible fuel cell.

[0112] Seven, the working principle of the tower type diaphragm-free reversible fuel cell of the present application is shown in the attached Figure 9 :

[0113] 1. Household electricity: photovoltaic power supply during the day, and the fuel cell system of the present application can supply power at night.

[0114] 2. Working principle of the present application: the working state and working principle of the present application are explained below by taking the application in a family during a working cycle on a sunny day:

[0115] In the morning, as the sun rises, photovoltaic power generation starts to have an initial voltage and an initial current, the equipment is automatically started, and the hydrogen supply electric valve (9-28) and the oxygen supply electric valve (9-22) are automatically closed to stop supplying hydrogen and oxygen to the reaction tank power generation system. At this time, the reaction tank is automatically switched to an electrolysis state (the electrolysis process and control method are described in the specifications of two other patents, which are not described here), water starts to be electrolyzed and hydrogen and oxygen are produced, and the separated hydrogen and oxygen are measured and output in two ways: one way of hydrogen passes through the metering electromagnetic valve (9-14) for control, the elbow (9-13), the snap ring quick connector (9-11), the one-way valve (9-8), and the internal thread (9-7) to enter the hydrogen inlet buffer bottle for temporary storage. As the hydrogen continues to enter, the pressure in the bottle continues to increase, when it reaches the set value, the three-way (9-9) connected with the internal thread (9-6) at the top of the buffer bottle starts to work, and the automatic switch (9-15) connected with the tee port starts to work, and the compressor (9-17) starts to work to press the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer bottle into the two parallel high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles (9-21) through the gas pipe (9-16). When the hydrogen storage pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle (9-21) reaches the set value, the pressure valve connected with the external pipe network is automatically opened to deliver hydrogen to the pipe network. The assembly method of the second way of oxygen is the same as that of the first way of hydrogen, which is not described here.

[0116] At night, the sun sets and photovoltaic power generation stops, at this time, the equipment is automatically switched to the power generation state. The left negative terminal and the right positive terminal (9-3) of the reaction tank (9-2) in the power generation state generate voltage and current to supply power to the external load and the controller, at this time, the direction of the voltage and current is exactly opposite to that during electrolysis. The controller will control the opening size of the hydrogen electric valve (9-28) and the oxygen electric valve (9-22) according to the size of the load power consumption to accurately control the hydrogen and oxygen required by the reaction tank, so as to realize the control of the output power of the reversible fuel cell and achieve the best economy during the operation of the reversible fuel cell.

Claims

1. A tower-type diaphragmless reversible fuel cell, characterized by, The hydrogen system and the oxygen system are included; The hydrogen system is composed of a reaction tank (9-2) fixed on a base (9-1), a hydrogen buffer bottle (9-5) connected by a pipeline, a compressor (9-17), and two high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles (9-21) connected in parallel; the hydrogen system is connected with a parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8) of a parallel gas supply assembly (9-32) fixed on the back of the reaction tank (9-2); The hydrogen system and the oxygen system are independent parallel structures, and the hydrogen system has one more high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle (9-21) than the oxygen system; the oxygen system is connected with a parallel oxygen supply assembly (7-11) of a parallel gas supply assembly (9-32) fixed on the back of the reaction tank (9-2); The gases of the hydrogen system and the oxygen system are respectively delivered to the corresponding reaction areas of the reaction tank (9-2) through the parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8) and the parallel oxygen supply assembly (7-11); The reaction tank (9-2) receives the reducing agent (hydrogen) of the hydrogen system and the oxidizing agent (oxygen) of the oxygen system in the power generation state to maintain continuous power output; The reaction tank (9-2) is composed of a plurality of small chambers separated by reaction towers and connected in series; when the reaction tank is in the power generation state, the front of the reaction tower is the positive electrode reaction tower, and the back is the negative electrode reaction tower; When in the electrolysis state, the side connected with the positive electrode of the power supply is the positive electrode reaction tower, and the side connected with the negative electrode of the power supply is the negative electrode reaction tower; The reaction tower includes three kinds of electrodes and a gas collection window (5-10); The three kinds of electrodes are standard electrodes, terminal electrodes, and single-sided electrodes; The standard electrodes and the terminal electrodes each include a conductive plate (4-1), and the conductive plate is symmetrically arranged with an electrode needle array, an electrode mesh, and an air inlet cover on both sides; wherein: The left row of electrode needles (4-3) and the right row of electrode needles (4-6) are symmetrically arranged; The left electrode mesh (4-2) and the right electrode mesh (4-7) are symmetrically arranged; The left air inlet cover (4-4) and the right air inlet cover (4-5) are symmetrically arranged; The electrode mesh is divided into an even-hole electrode mesh (4-8) and an odd-hole electrode mesh (4-9) according to the number of holes; When the holes of the left air inlet cover and the right air inlet cover are both odd, an odd-small-hole air inlet cover (5-1) is formed; The electrode mesh on the electrode needle array is arranged according to the even-hole electrode mesh and the odd-hole electrode mesh, which are alternately stacked and closely arranged with the electrode needles; The single-sided electrode is divided into a left single-sided electrode and a right single-sided electrode, and the electrode needle array, the electrode mesh, and the air inlet cover are arranged on only one side of the conductive plate (4-1); The three kinds of electrodes are sequentially connected to form an electrode plate in the order of the left single-sided electrode, the standard electrode, the terminal electrode, and the right single-sided electrode; The odd-small-hole air inlet cover (5-1) is provided with an odd-small-hole (5-7) in communication with an air inlet pipe (2-1), and the air inlet pipe (2-1) is located at the bottom of the air inlet cover for guiding the gas into the reaction tower; The gas collection window (5-10) is composed of an even-hole gas collection cover and an odd-hole gas collection cover alternately and layeringly arranged above the odd-small-hole air inlet cover (5-1), and the gas collection cover is a thin-walled box body with overflow holes (1-4) and a flow guide structure for guiding the movement of the gas. The gas collecting window (5-10) is fixed on the electrode plate by a frame (5-6), the lower hole (5-8) and the upper hole of the frame are respectively aligned with the lower screw (3-10) and the upper screw (3-11) of the electrode plate, and are fixed by a gasket and a nut.

2. The tower-type reverse fuel cell without diaphragm according to claim 1, characterized by The even-hole gas collecting cover and the odd-hole gas collecting cover are different only in that the number of holes is odd or even, which is determined by the number of small holes of the gas inlet cover, and they are completely the same in shape and size: they are a thin-walled box with a bottom plane (1-9), a long strip-shaped flow limiting surface (1-13), a flow guiding curved surface (1-8), a left trapezoidal curved surface (1-10), and a right trapezoidal curved surface (1-2) surrounding a long rectangular box with equal height on three sides and low on one side, an overflow hole (1-4) is made on the bottom plane of the box, the convex edge (1-6) of the overflow hole and the first rib (1-3) and the second rib (1-7) at both ends of the hole form a partition section, which separates the rectangular box at the bottom of the gas collecting cover; the plane of the overflow hole is called the overflow surface (1-5), which is lower than the height of the overflow edge (1-14), the left step (1-11) is arranged on the left side of the bottom plane of the box, the left trapezoidal curved surface (1-10) is a curved surface connected with the left step (1-11), the right trapezoidal curved surface is completely the same as the left trapezoidal curved surface edge, which is used for installation and limiting, the plane part of the left trapezoidal curved surface (1-10) and the right trapezoidal curved surface (1-2) is cross-shaped with the two ends of the flow limiting surface (1-13), and vertically extends from above the flow limiting surface (1-13), and the tail end is provided with a first arrow-shaped plug (1-12) and a second arrow-shaped plug (1-1) for installation and fixing; the even-hole gas collecting cover and the odd-hole gas collecting cover are used to guide the gas to move in a specified direction.

3. The tower-type reverse fuel cell without diaphragm according to claim 2, characterized by, The left gas inlet cover (4-4) and the right gas inlet cover (4-5) are mirror images of each other, and their shapes and sizes are completely the same as those of the gas collecting cover; the left trapezoidal curved surface (2-8) and the right trapezoidal curved surface (2-7) are respectively made at the left and right ends of the gas inlet cover, the first limiting step (2-4) is made on the left trapezoidal curved surface (2-8), the right trapezoidal curved surface (2-7) is also provided with the second limiting step (2-6) which is the same in size and position, the gas inlet pipe (2-1) is made below the step and passes through the lower plane section, the gas inlet pipe (2-1) is communicated with the exhaust small hole (2-5) on the bottom plane (2-3) through the small pipe (2-2), forming a gas supply channel, In the power generation state, the left gas inlet cover (4-4) and the right gas inlet cover (4-5) deliver gas to the reaction tower.

4. The tower-type reverse fuel cell without diaphragm according to claim 1, characterized by The parallel hydrogen supply assembly (7-8) is communicated with the parallel gas inlet manifold (7-10) after being arranged in a row with the fine adjustment gas supply component, and the glass observation cup (6-6) of the fine adjustment gas supply component is clamped with the wave clamp (7-9) and the screw, and then is fixed on the lower support (7-5) of the frame base (7-1) together with the parallel hydrogen supply manifold (7-10) through the lower pipe clamp (7-7); the upper support (7-2) is used for fixing the parallel oxygen supply assembly (7-11); the loose bend (7-3) is used for communicating the high-pressure hydrogen supply pipe; the loose bend (7-12) is used for communicating the high-pressure oxygen supply pipe; and the open hook head (7-4) is used for fixing the frame (5-6) of the gas collection window on the reaction tank.

5. The tower-type reverse fuel cell without diaphragm according to claim 4, characterized by The fine adjustment gas supply component is communicated through the inner thread bend pipe (6-4) below the cup base (6-5) by the outer thread of the fine adjustment valve (6-1), and then the glass observation cup (6-6) is screwed into the cup base (6-5) provided with the inner thread, so that the inner cavity of the glass observation cup (6-6) is communicated with the base bend pipe, and then the outer thread bend pipe (6-7) of the glass observation cup (6-6) is communicated in sequence, the inner thread bend pipe joint (6-8), the straight pipe (6-10) and the single thread joint (6-12) are connected, and finally the straight pipe (6-10) is locked by the joint locking nut (6-9), (6-11), the reaction tank gas inlet pipe is communicated with the fine adjustment valve (6-1), and the locking nut (6-3) is locked to prevent gas leakage; when the independent fine adjustment gas supply component works, the glass observation cup (6-6) is filled with one-third height of water, so that the gas flow enters the glass observation cup (6-6) from the lower part along the straight pipe (6-10), the inner thread bend pipe joint (6-8) and the outer thread bend pipe (6-7), passes through the water in the cup and then is discharged from the fine adjustment valve (6-1) through the cup base (6-5) and the inner thread bend pipe (6-4); the gas flow passing through the water in the cup is controlled by adjusting the fine adjustment handle (6-2) of the fine adjustment valve (6-1), and the amount of gas flow passing through the water is observed to realize the accurate control of the amount of gas flow into the reaction tower.

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