Ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

Abstract

This invention discloses an ultra-high pressure tank valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, comprising a valve body containing a dual-port pressure reducing valve, a balance valve consisting of a throttling valve and a flow-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing valve, a solenoid valve, a one-way filling valve, an overpressure safety valve, an overheat safety valve, a venting valve, filling and outlet filters, a temperature sensor, and interfaces for tank pressure and output pressure sensors. All components are arranged within the valve body according to design requirements and are connected by corresponding channels within the valve body, featuring high integration, high safety, and high monitoring capabilities. The output pressure can be adjusted according to fuel cell requirements, significantly reducing fluctuations in output pressure and flow rate, thus meeting fuel cell requirements. When the hydrogen storage tank experiences overpressure or overtemperature, the corresponding safety valve activates to release and depressurize the high-pressure hydrogen gas inside the tank, preventing an overpressure explosion. The tank pressure, temperature, and output pressure can be monitored in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of valve technology, specifically to an ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are highly valued by major economies worldwide due to their zero pollution, short refueling time, long driving range, and the anticipated significant reduction in hydrogen production costs as hydrogen production technology improves. Consequently, stringent requirements have been placed on fuel cells, hydrogen storage cylinders, and cylinder valves. For cylinder valves, the ultra-high pressure (70MPa) requirement necessitates a highly integrated, highly monitorable, and highly safe combination valve. While currently used cylinder valves both domestically and internationally largely meet these requirements, further improvements are needed in performance and functional integration. For instance, the cylinder valve lacks a pressure-reducing device, resulting in very high output pressure. Since fuel cells can only withstand lower pressures, an external pressure-reducing valve is required, increasing connection complexity and potential leakage points. Furthermore, the large pressure variation range within the cylinder (typically 70MPa-5MPa) leads to significant pressure fluctuations after pressure reduction. Additionally, the cylinder valve lacks a flow stabilizing device, resulting in large fluctuations in output flow rate, while fuel cells require relatively stable pressure and flow. This invention addresses these shortcomings of ordinary high-pressure cylinder valves. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the cylinder valves of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the prior art, and to provide an ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It has the advantages of high safety, high functional integration and high monitoring capability. The output pressure can be adjusted according to the requirements of the fuel cell, and the fluctuation of output pressure and flow rate is greatly reduced, which is suitable for the requirements of fuel cells. The cylinder pressure, temperature and output pressure can be monitored at any time.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is an ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, comprising a valve body, which contains a pressure reducing valve, a balance valve composed of a throttling valve and a flow-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing valve, a solenoid valve, a filling check valve, an overpressure safety valve, an overheat safety valve, a venting valve, filling port and outlet filter elements, a temperature sensor, and a cylinder pressure sensor interface and an output pressure sensor interface for connecting the cylinder internal pressure and the output pressure sensor. During filling, high-pressure hydrogen gas opens the filling check valve through the filling port filter element and fills the hydrogen storage cylinder through the corresponding channel in the valve body. During supply, high-pressure hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage cylinder is supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell through the pressure reducing valve, the balance valve, the solenoid valve, and the outlet filter element. The output pressure of the pressure reducing valve can be adjusted according to the requirements of the fuel cell, and the balance valve is used to reduce fluctuations in output pressure and flow.

[0005] The working principle of the ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles of this invention is as follows: When filling the hydrogen storage cylinder, the high-pressure hydrogen gas is first filtered through the filling port filter element to prevent impurities from entering the hydrogen storage cylinder and the cylinder valve, and then enters the hydrogen storage cylinder through the filling one-way valve and the corresponding channel in the valve body. The function of the one-way filling valve is to prevent hydrogen from flowing backward when the gas supply stops, thus maintaining pressure. High-pressure hydrogen in the storage tank is connected to the overpressure safety valve, overheat safety valve, vent valve, internal pressure sensor, output pressure sensor, and internal temperature sensor through corresponding channels within the valve body. The overpressure safety valve automatically releases pressure when the filling pressure exceeds 70 MPa, or when the internal pressure exceeds 70 MPa due to an increase in external temperature, to prevent the storage tank from overpressure explosion. The overheat safety valve activates when the valve temperature rises to 110±5℃ due to ambient temperature increases (e.g., vehicle combustion), releasing hydrogen from the tank to prevent overheating and explosion. The vent valve allows the hydrogen to be released into another container when the pressure reducing valve, balance valve, or solenoid valve malfunctions and cannot supply gas to the fuel cell. The internal pressure sensor monitors the hydrogen pressure inside the tank; when the pressure drops to the minimum operating pressure (e.g., 5 MPa), it releases the hydrogen. When the pressure reaches 70 MPa, the fuel cell should be charged in time. When the charging pressure reaches 70 MPa, the charging should be stopped. The output pressure sensor is used to observe whether the output pressure meets the requirements of the fuel cell. The internal temperature sensor is used to observe the temperature of the hydrogen in the cylinder. The normal temperature range is -40℃ to 85℃. If the temperature exceeds the limit, it should be checked in time to see if there is an accident or improper operation.

[0006] When the hydrogen storage tank supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, high-pressure hydrogen first enters the pressure reducing valve, then passes through the balancing valve, solenoid valve, and outlet filter before being supplied to the fuel cell. The pressure reducing valve reduces the high pressure before the valve to the low pressure required by the fuel cell. Because the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve fluctuates significantly, affecting the stability of the output flow, a balancing valve is connected in series after it. The balancing valve consists of a throttling valve and a flow-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing valve. Its function is to control fluctuations in output pressure and flow. Furthermore, when the flow rate is too high (e.g., if a downstream pipeline ruptures), it can automatically shut off the gas path and stop the gas supply. If necessary, the throttling valve can also be used as a shut-off valve. The outlet filter prevents impurities from entering the fuel cell.

[0007] Preferably, the valve body consists of two perpendicular parts: the upper part is a rectangular block with a T-shaped cross-section, and the lower part is a stepped cylinder with a longitudinal air inlet at the center. The external thread of the upper section of the cylinder engages with the internal thread above the opening of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the lower section of the cylinder slides into the inner hole below the opening. It is equipped with an O-ring and a retaining ring. All components are housed in the valve body and connected by corresponding channels within the valve body. The channel openings are sealed with stainless steel balls and sealing screws.

[0008] Preferably, the pressure reducing valve is located in the narrow part of the T-shaped rectangular block, with its centerline perpendicularly intersecting the centerline of the valve body cylinder. It includes a pressure reducing valve sleeve, a slide valve, a screw plug, a second spring, a second adjusting stud, a third locking nut, and an O-ring seal, with the centerlines of all components on the same axis. The pressure reducing valve sleeve is cylindrical, with its outer diameter transitioning to the corresponding hole in the valve body. Both ends are positioned by elastic retaining rings. The inner bore of the pressure reducing valve sleeve has internally threaded holes at both ends and a stepped hole in the center. The diameter of the left through hole is slightly smaller than that of the right through hole. The right side of the left through hole has two annular grooves of equal width, with an inner convex ring between them. The inner diameter of the inner convex ring is the same as that of the left through hole, and its right end has an annular cutting edge. Four evenly distributed radial holes are provided on the cylindrical wall slightly to the left of the center of the pressure reducing valve sleeve. Annular grooves are provided on the outer diameter of the pressure reducing valve sleeve at the outer opening of each radial hole. First, four evenly distributed radial holes are provided on the slightly right side of the cylinder wall. Second, an annular groove is provided on the outer diameter of the pressure reducing valve sleeve at the outer opening of the radial holes. The external thread of the adjusting stud is screwed into the internal thread hole at the left end of the pressure reducing valve sleeve. The top surface of the small cylinder at the left end has an internal hexagonal hole, and the right end has a small boss with a spring. The center of the right end face of the small boss has a longitudinal blind hole, and the root of the small cylinder at the left end has a radial through hole communicating with the longitudinal blind hole. The external thread of the plug is screwed into the internal thread hole at the right end of the pressure reducing valve sleeve, and the cylinder at the left end slides into the right inner hole of the pressure reducing valve sleeve and is provided with an O-ring seal. The valve has a recess on its left end face and an internal hexagonal hole on its right end face. The spool valve has a left cylinder, a right cylinder, and a valve stem with a smaller diameter in the middle. The middle section of the valve stem has two outwardly protruding rings. The diameter of the left cylinder is slightly smaller than that of the right cylinder. Both cylinders have several pressure-equalizing grooves on their outer diameters. The left cylinder slides into the left through-hole of the pressure-reducing sleeve. An O-ring and a retaining ring are located in the groove at the left end, and a boss with a spring is located at the top. The right cylinder moves into the right through-hole of the pressure-reducing sleeve. A longitudinal blind hole is drilled in the center of the right end face, and the right side of the middle valve stem has a hole communicating with the longitudinal blind hole. Radial hole three; the outer diameter of the left outer convex ring on the valve stem is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the left through hole, and its left outer circumference and the outer circumference of the left inner hole of the left annular groove form the first pressure reducing valve port; the outer diameter of the right outer convex ring is larger than the diameter of the left through hole, but smaller than the diameter of the right through hole. In order to improve the sealing performance when the valve is closed, a layer of elastic hydrogen-resistant sealing material is coated on its left flat surface, which forms the second pressure reducing valve port with the annular edge of the right end of the inner convex ring. The opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve port and the second pressure reducing valve port is basically the same. Spring two is set between the right end face shoulder of the adjusting stud two and the left end face shoulder of the slide valve.

[0009] Preferably, the balancing valve is located directly above the pressure reducing valve, with their center lines parallel. It consists of a throttle valve and a flow-regulating and pressure-regulating valve, including a balancing valve sleeve, valve core one, guide sleeve, adjusting screw, locking nut one, adjusting stud one, locking nut two, spring one, and O-rings. The center lines of all parts are on the same axis. The balancing valve sleeve is a stepped cylinder, with the larger and smaller cylinders slidingly fitted into corresponding holes in the valve body. It is equipped with two O-rings six and one O-ring three, and the right end is positioned by a retaining ring two. The central through hole is formed by three holes connected in series: a right-side hole, a middle hole, and a left-side hole. The valve has a bore with larger diameters at both ends and smaller diameters in the middle. The right end of the middle bore is a tapered hole, and the right side of the right bore has an internal threaded hole. The front chamber of the balance valve has four evenly distributed radial holes on its inner wall. The outer diameter of the balance valve sleeve at the outer opening of each radial hole has an annular groove. The external thread of the guide sleeve engages with the internal threaded hole at the right end of the right bore. The cylinder on the left side slides into the right bore and is equipped with an O-ring seal. The inner bore is a stepped hole with an internal thread in the larger hole. The adjusting screw is a stepped shaft, with its external thread on its large diameter engaging with the internal threaded hole in the large bore of the guide sleeve. The small shaft on the left side slides into the small hole of the guide sleeve and is equipped with an O-ring seal. There is one O-ring seal, with a recess on the left end face and an internal hexagonal hole on the right end face; the left side of the left hole of the balance valve sleeve has an internal threaded hole, and the cylinder wall of the rear cavity of the balance valve has four evenly distributed radial holes five, with an annular groove on the outer diameter of the balance valve sleeve at the outer opening of the radial holes five; the external thread of the adjusting stud one engages with the internal threaded hole on the left side of the left hole, and the cylinder on the right side slides with the left hole and is equipped with an O-ring seal five, with a blind hole at the center of the right end face and an internal hexagonal hole at the center of the left end face; the valve core one is set in the inner cavity of the balance valve sleeve, and is a valve core consisting of a left valve stem, an outer convex ring, a connecting rod, a cone, and a right valve stem. The valve body structure consists of a left valve stem and an outer convex ring located in the rear cavity of the balance valve, and a cone and a right valve stem located in the front cavity of the balance valve. The connecting rod passes through the central hole. The left valve stem is dynamically fitted with the blind hole of the adjusting stud, and its left end face has a blind hole at the center, with a radial through hole in the middle communicating with the blind hole. The right valve stem is dynamically fitted with the inner hole of the guide sleeve, and its right end face has a blind hole at the center. The right valve stem near the right side of the cone has a radial through hole communicating with the blind hole. The taper of the cone is the same as the taper of the right end cone hole of the central hole, and the two together form the valve port of the balance valve. A spring is located between the right end face of the adjusting stud and the left end face of the outer convex ring.

[0010] Preferably, the solenoid valve is located on the upper right side of the T-shaped rectangular block, comprising an electromagnet and a solenoid valve seat. The cylindrical body of the electromagnet slides into the corresponding hole in the valve body and is equipped with an O-ring seal, positioned by a retaining ring. A circular recess is provided on the annular end face in front of the armature of the electromagnet, and a sealing gasket fixed by a screw is provided in the recess. The solenoid valve seat screws into the corresponding internal threaded hole of the rectangular block, with a slightly smaller diameter cylinder in the middle slidingly fitted into the corresponding hole and equipped with an O-ring seal. A small cone is located at the bottom end of the cylinder, and the center of the solenoid valve seat... There is a stepped hole. The small hole of the stepped hole forms an annular cutting edge on the bottom surface of the small cone at the bottom. This annular cutting edge and the sealing gasket together form the valve port of the solenoid valve. The air outlet filter element is installed in the middle hole and is positioned by a retaining ring. The internal thread in the large hole is connected to the connector of the air supply tool. The solenoid valve is normally closed. When the power is off, the armature closes the valve port under the action of the spring inside the electromagnet. When the power is on, the electromagnetic force overcomes the sum of the pressure of the spring and the pressure of the air pressure inside the valve on the armature, causing the armature to retract and the valve port of the solenoid valve to open.

[0011] Preferably, the inflation check valve is located on the lower left side of the rectangular valve body, and includes an inflation valve sleeve, a spring four, and a valve core three, with the center lines of all parts on the same axis. The external thread on the major diameter of the inflation valve sleeve engages with the corresponding internal thread hole of the valve body, the right cylinder slides into the corresponding hole, and is provided with an O-ring seal eleven. The left end of the central hole in the center of the inner hole is a stepped hole, with an internal thread hole in the larger hole of the stepped hole, and an inflation port filter element installed in the smaller hole, with a retaining ring for positioning. The bottom of the hole at the right end of the central hole is provided with a groove, and the valve core three is dynamically fitted in the hole. The left end of the valve core three is a truncated cone, and the taper of the truncated cone is the same as the taper of the chamfer at the right end of the central hole. The two together form the valve port of the check valve. The blind hole in the center of the valve core three is provided with a spring four, and the cylindrical wall at the left end of the blind hole is provided with four evenly distributed radial through holes; the cylindrical wall of the inflation valve sleeve is provided with four evenly distributed radial through holes, and the outer circle of the inflation valve sleeve on the outer side of the radial through holes is provided with an annular groove.

[0012] Preferably, the overpressure safety valve and the overheat safety valve are integrated into a single structure, located at the upper left of the rectangular block. This structure includes a safety valve sleeve, valve core two, spring three, piston, fusible plug, stud three, and locking nut four, with the center lines of all components on the same axis. The external thread on the upper part of the safety valve sleeve engages with the corresponding internal thread hole on the valve body, and the lower cylinder slides into the corresponding hole. An O-ring ten is provided at the chamfered bottom end, and a stepped hole is located in the center. The larger hole of the stepped hole has an internal thread, and the smaller hole has a piston slidingly fitted into it. The upper surface of the cone at the lower end of valve core two and the piston... A spring is provided between the lower end faces. The taper of the valve core cone is the same as the taper of the chamfer above the center hole of the bottom wall of the safety valve sleeve. The two together form the valve port of the safety valve. The shank of the valve core is loosely fitted into the blind hole at the bottom of the piston. The external thread of the stud is screwed into the internal thread hole of the large hole of the safety valve sleeve. The top end is provided with an internal hexagonal hole, the bottom end is provided with a pit, a fusible plug is provided in the pit, and a connecting hole is provided in the center. The safety valve sleeve 44 has 4 evenly distributed radial through holes on its cylindrical wall. The outer diameter of the safety valve sleeve at the outer opening of the radial through holes is provided with an annular groove that communicates with the vent hole.

[0013] Preferably, the vent valve is located at the lower left of the rectangular block, and includes a vent valve sleeve, a vent screw, a valve core four, a spring five, and a locking nut five. The centerlines of all parts are on the same axis. The external thread on the major diameter of the vent valve sleeve engages with the corresponding internal thread hole on the rectangular block. The small cylinder slides into the corresponding hole. An O-ring is provided at the chamfer at the top. The diameter of the inner hole of the valve sleeve is large at both ends and small in the middle. A groove is provided at the bottom of the upper hole, and the valve core four is dynamically fitted inside the hole. The taper of the lower end of the valve core four is the same as the taper of the chamfer above the middle hole. The two together form the vent valve port. A spring five is provided in the blind hole. Four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled on the cylindrical wall at the bottom of the blind hole. An internal thread is provided in the lower hole. The thread engages with the external thread of the vent screw; the bottom section of the vent screw has an internal hexagonal hole, and the small cylinder above it slides into the middle hole of the vent valve sleeve, and is equipped with an O-ring seal. The end face of the small shaft at the top is opposite to the top surface of the four-cone truncated valve core, and they do not normally contact each other. Four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled on the wall of the vent valve sleeve, and an annular groove is provided on the outer diameter of the vent valve sleeve at the outer opening of the radial through holes. When it is necessary to release the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle, loosen the locking nut five, screw in the vent screw, push open the valve core four, and open the vent valve port. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage bottle is discharged from the vent hole through the relevant channels in the valve body and the vent valve port.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it effectively solves the problems existing in the cylinder valves of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the prior art, and has the advantages of high safety, high functional integration and high monitoring. The output pressure can be adjusted according to the requirements of the fuel cell, and the fluctuation of output pressure and flow rate is greatly reduced, which is suitable for the requirements of fuel cells. When the hydrogen storage cylinder is over-pressured or over-temperatured, the corresponding safety valve will act to release the high-pressure hydrogen in the cylinder to relieve pressure and avoid over-pressure explosion. The cylinder pressure, temperature and output pressure can be monitored at any time. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles of this invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 NN cross-section diagram;

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 MM cross-section.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Valve body, 2. Pressure reducing valve sleeve, 3. Slide valve, 4. Hole-mounted elastic retaining ring 1, 5. O-ring 1, 6. Plug, 7. Locking nut 1, 8. Adjusting screw, 9. Guide sleeve, 10. O-ring 2, 11. Hole-mounted elastic retaining ring 2, 12. O-ring 3, 13. O-ring 4, 14. Valve core 1, 15. Balance valve sleeve, 16. Spring 1, 17. O-ring 5, 18. O-ring 6, 19. Locking nut 2, 20. Adjusting stud 1, 21. Spring 2, 22. Adjusting stud 2, 23. Locking nut 3, 24. Retaining ring 1, 25. O-ring 7, 26. Retaining ring 2, 27. O-ring 8, 28. Wire sealing connector, 29. Electromagnet, 30. Hole-mounted... 31. Elastic retaining ring 3; 32. O-ring 9; 33. Screw; 34. Outlet filter element; 35. Sealing gasket 1; 36. Solenoid valve seat; 37. Sealing screw; 38. Stainless steel ball; 39. Stud 3; 40. Fusible plug block; 41. Locking nut 4; 42. Piston; 43. Spring 3; 44. Valve core 2; 45. Safety valve sleeve; 46. O-ring 10; 47. Inflation valve sleeve; 48. O-ring 11; 59. Valve core 3; 50. Inflation port filter element; 51. Spring 4; 52. Valve core 4; 53. Spring 5; 54. Vent valve sleeve; 55. O-ring 12; 56. Locking nut 5; 57. Vent screw; 58. Temperature sensor; 59. Sealing gasket 2; a. Inlet port; b. Radial hole 1; c. d. Radial hole 2, e. Radial hole 3, f. Longitudinal blind hole, f. Annular groove 1, g. Intermediate hole, h. Radial hole 4, i. Annular groove 2, j. Channel 1, k. Radial hole 5, l. Channel 2, m. Channel 3, n. Channel 4, p. Central hole, q. Channel 5, r. Channel 6, s. Channel 7, t. Channel 8, u. Connecting hole, v. Transverse through hole, w. Longitudinal through hole, A1. Bottle pressure sensor interface, A2. Output pressure sensor interface, B1. Vent hole, B2. Inflation hole, B3. Vent hole, B4. Vent hole, V1. First pressure reducing valve port, V2. Second pressure reducing valve port, V3. Balance valve port; V4. Solenoid valve port, V5. Check valve port, V6. Safety valve port, V7. Vent valve port, Z1. Pressure reducing valve front chamber, Z2. Pressure reducing valve rear chamber, Z3. Balance valve front chamber, Z4. Balance valve rear chamber, Z5. Solenoid valve chamber, Z6. Safety valve chamber, Z7. Vent valve chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following examples further illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention, based on the relative positions of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] The structure of the ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of this invention is described in [reference needed]. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The valve body is composed of a valve body 1, an inflation port filter element 49, an exhaust port filter element 33, a pressure reducing valve, a balance valve, a solenoid valve, an inflation check valve, an overpressure safety valve, an overheat safety valve, a vent valve, a bottle pressure sensor interface A1 and an output pressure sensor interface A2 for connecting the internal pressure and output pressure sensors, an exhaust port B1, an inflation port B2, a vent port B3, and a vent port B4. All components are installed inside the valve body 1 and are connected by relevant channels within the valve body 1 according to design requirements. The valve body 1 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, making it lightweight. The valve body consists of two perpendicular parts, an upper and a lower section. The upper section is a T-shaped rectangle; to reduce the area, the rectangle is designed in a T-shape, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom (see [reference]). Figure 4 The lower part is basically a cylinder; the external thread on the top of the cylinder is screwed into the internal thread on the top of the hydrogen storage bottle mouth, and the lower cylinder below the cylinder is slidably fitted into the inner hole below the bottle mouth. The groove of the lower cylinder is provided with an O-ring seal 27 and a retaining ring 26. The center of the cylinder has a longitudinal air inlet a, which communicates with the front cavity Z1 of the pressure reducing valve.

[0023] The pressure reducing valve is located at the bottom of the T-shaped rectangular block (see...). Figure 3 and Figure 4The centerline of the pressure reducing valve 2 is perpendicular to the centerline of the cylinder of valve body 1. The pressure reducing valve is composed of pressure reducing valve sleeve 2, slide valve 3, screw plug 6, spring 21, adjusting stud 22, locking nut 23, O-ring seal and other parts, and the centerlines of each part are on the same axis. The shape of pressure reducing valve sleeve 2 is a cylinder, and its outer diameter is transitionally fitted with the corresponding hole in valve body 1. The two ends are positioned by the holes with elastic retaining ring 4. The two ends of the inner hole are machined with internal threaded holes, and the center is a stepped hole. The diameter of the left through hole is slightly smaller than that of the right through hole. There are two annular grooves of the same width on the right side of the left through hole. There is an inner convex ring between the two annular grooves. The inner diameter of the inner convex ring is the same as that of the left through hole, and the right end has an annular cutting edge. Four evenly distributed radial holes 1b are drilled on the cylinder wall slightly to the left of the center of pressure reducing valve sleeve 2. An annular groove 1f is machined on the outer diameter of pressure reducing valve sleeve 2 at the outer opening of radial hole 1b to connect the air inlet a with the front cavity Z1 of pressure reducing valve. An annular groove 1f is drilled on the cylinder wall slightly to the right. Four evenly distributed radial holes, numbered 2c, are provided. The outer diameter of the pressure-reducing valve sleeve 2, around the outer opening of each radial hole, has an annular groove to connect the rear chamber Z2 of the pressure-reducing valve to the front chamber Z3 of the balance valve. The external thread of the adjusting stud 22 engages with the internal threaded hole at the left end of the pressure-reducing valve sleeve 2. The top surface of the small cylinder at the left end has an internal hexagonal hole, and the right end has a small boss housing a spring 21. The center of the right end face of the small boss has a longitudinal blind hole, and the root of the small cylinder at the left end has a radial through hole communicating with the longitudinal blind hole to discharge gas leaking into the spring 21 cavity, eliminating the airlock phenomenon during the movement of the slide valve 3. The external thread of the plug 6 engages with the internal threaded hole at the right end of the pressure-reducing valve sleeve 2, and the cylinder at the left end engages with the internal threaded hole at the right end of the pressure-reducing valve sleeve 2. The right through hole is slidably fitted and equipped with an O-ring 5. The left end face of the plug 6 has a recess, and the right end face has an internal hexagonal hole. The slide valve 3 has a left cylinder, a right cylinder, and a valve stem with a smaller diameter in the middle. The middle section of the valve stem has two externally protruding rings on the left and right sides. The diameter of the left cylinder is slightly smaller than that of the right cylinder. Several pressure equalizing grooves are machined on the outer diameter of both cylinders. The left cylinder is slidably fitted in the left through hole of the pressure reducing sleeve 2. The groove at the left end is equipped with an O-ring 25 and a retaining ring 24. The top end has a boss with a spring 21. The right cylinder is dynamically fitted in the right through hole of the pressure reducing sleeve 2. A longitudinal blind hole e is drilled in the center of the right end face. The right side of the middle valve stem is drilled with a hole communicating with the longitudinal blind hole e. The radial hole 3d is used to guide the hydrogen gas after the pressure reducing valve to the right end face of the slide valve 3. The outer diameter of the left outer convex ring on the valve stem is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the left through hole. Its left outer circumference and the outer circumference of the left inner hole of the left annular groove form the first pressure reducing valve port V1. The outer diameter of the right outer convex ring is larger than the diameter of the left through hole, but smaller than the diameter of the right through hole. In order to improve the sealing performance when the valve is closed, a layer of elastic hydrogen-resistant sealing material is coated on its left side plane, which forms the second pressure reducing valve port V2 with the annular edge of the right end of the inner convex ring. The opening degree of the first pressure reducing valve port V1 and the second pressure reducing valve port V2 is basically the same. The spring 21 is set between the right end face shoulder of the adjusting stud 22 and the left end face shoulder of the slide valve 3.

[0024] The balancing valve is located directly above the pressure reducing valve, with their centerlines parallel. It consists of a throttle valve and a flow-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing valve, including a balancing valve sleeve 15, valve core 14, guide sleeve 9, adjusting screw 8, locking nut 7, adjusting stud 20, locking nut 19, spring 16, O-rings, and other parts, with the centerlines of all parts on the same axis. The balancing valve sleeve 15 is a stepped cylinder, with the larger and smaller cylinders slidingly fitted into the corresponding holes in the valve body 1. It is equipped with two O-rings 18 and one O-ring 12, and the right end is positioned by a retaining ring 11. The central through hole is formed by three holes connected in series: a right hole, a middle hole g, and a left hole. The diameter of the holes is larger at both ends and smaller in the middle. The right end of the middle hole g is a tapered hole, and the right side of the right hole has an internal threaded hole. Four radial holes 4h are evenly distributed drilled at appropriate positions on the wall of the front cavity Z3 of the balancing valve. The balancing valve sleeve has a 4h at the outer opening of the radial holes 4h. The outer diameter of the balance valve sleeve 15 has an annular groove 2i, which allows the depressurized hydrogen gas to be sent into the front chamber Z3 of the balance valve through the channel 1j on the valve body 1; the external thread of the guide sleeve 9 engages with the internal thread hole at the right end of the right side hole, the cylinder on the left side slides with the right side hole, and is provided with an O-ring seal 4 13, the inner hole is a stepped hole, and the large hole has an internal thread; the adjusting screw 8 is a stepped shaft, the external thread on the large diameter engages with the internal thread in the large hole of the guide sleeve 9, the small shaft on the left side slides with the small hole of the guide sleeve 9, and is provided with an O-ring seal 2 10, the left end face has a pit, and the right end face has an internal hexagonal hole; the left side of the left hole of the balance valve sleeve 15 has an internal thread hole, and four evenly distributed radial holes 5k are drilled at appropriate positions on the cylinder wall of the rear chamber Z4 of the balance valve, and the outer diameter of the balance valve sleeve 15 at the outer opening of the radial holes 5k has an annular groove, which allows the hydrogen gas output by the balance valve to pass through the channel 2l, channel 3m and channel 4n on the valve body 1 (see Figure 2 The valve core 14 is located in the inner cavity of the balance valve sleeve 15 and is composed of a left valve stem, an outer convex ring, a connecting rod, a cone, and a right valve stem. The valve stem and the outer convex ring are located in the rear cavity Z4 of the balance valve, and the cone and the right valve stem are located in the front cavity Z3 of the balance valve. The connecting rod passes through the middle hole g. The left valve stem is dynamically fitted with the blind hole of the adjusting stud 20. The center of the left end face is provided with an O-ring 17. The external thread of the adjusting stud 20 engages with the internal thread of the left end face. The cylinder on the right side slides with the left end face. The valve core 14 is provided with an O-ring 17. The center of the right end face is provided with a blind hole, and the center of the left end face is provided with an internal hexagonal hole. The valve core 14 is located in the inner cavity of the balance valve sleeve 15 and is composed of a left valve stem, an outer convex ring, a connecting rod, a cone, and a right valve stem. The left valve stem and the outer convex ring are located in the rear cavity Z4 of the balance valve, and the cone and the right valve stem are located in the front cavity Z3 of the balance valve. The connecting rod passes through the middle hole g. The left valve stem is dynamically fitted with the blind hole of the adjusting stud 20. The center of the left end face is provided with an O-ring 17. The valve core 14 is located in the inner cavity of the balance valve sleeve 15 and is composed of a left valve stem, an outer convex ring, a connecting rod, a cone ... A blind hole is drilled, and a radial through hole communicating with the blind hole is provided in the middle to prevent air closure when the valve core-14 moves; the right valve stem is dynamically matched with the inner hole of the guide sleeve 9, and a blind hole is drilled in the center of the right end face. A radial through hole is drilled at an appropriate position on the right side of the truncated cone. The two holes communicate with each other to guide the depressurized hydrogen to the right end face of the right valve stem; the taper of the truncated cone is the same as the taper of the right end of the middle hole g. The two form the valve port V3 of the balance valve; the spring-16 is set between the right end face of the adjusting stud-20 and the left end face of the outer convex ring. Therefore, when there is no air supply, the right end face of the valve core-14 is always pressed against the end face of the small shaft at the left end of the adjusting screw 8.

[0025] The solenoid valve is located at the upper right of the T-shaped rectangle (see...). Figure 2 It is composed of parts such as electromagnet 29 and solenoid valve seat 35. The cylinder of electromagnet 29 is slidably fitted in the corresponding hole of valve body 1 and is provided with O-ring seal. The hole is positioned by elastic retaining ring 30. The outgoing cable passes through the hole on the right side of the rectangular block and is fixed by wire sealing connector 28. A circular pit is machined on the circular end face in front of the armature of electromagnet 29, and a sealing gasket 34 fixed by screw 32 is provided inside. The solenoid valve seat 35 is screwed into the corresponding internal threaded hole of the rectangular block. The slightly smaller diameter cylinder in the middle is slidably fitted with the corresponding hole and is provided with an O-ring seal 31. There is a small cone at the bottom end of the cylinder. There is a stepped hole in the center of the solenoid valve seat 35. The small hole of the stepped hole makes the bottom surface of the small cone at the bottom end form an annular cutting edge. This annular cutting edge and the sealing gasket 34 form the solenoid valve port V4. The middle hole is provided with an air outlet filter element 33 and is positioned by a retaining ring. The internal thread in the air outlet B1 is connected to the tool connector for supplying air to the fuel cell. The solenoid valve is normally closed. When the power is off, the armature closes the solenoid valve port V4 under the action of the spring inside the electromagnet (not shown in the figure). When the power is on, the electromagnetic force overcomes the sum of the pressure of the spring and the pressure of the air pressure inside the valve on the armature, causing the armature to retract and the solenoid valve port V4 to open. Since the pressure inside the solenoid valve cavity Z5 is low when the valve is closed, the electromagnet 29 has enough force to open the solenoid valve. Rotating the valve seat 35 adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve port V4. After adjustment, tighten it with the tapered screw.

[0026] The air inlet a at the center of the lower cylinder of valve body 1 communicates with the annular groove f at the outer opening of the radial hole b on the wall of pressure reducing valve sleeve 2 (see...). Figure 3 The annular groove 1f passes through channels 5q, 6r, and 7s on the valve body (see...). Figure 4 ), Channel 8t (see Figure 2 These are respectively connected to the one-way inflation valve, overpressure / overheat safety valve, venting valve and bottle pressure sensor interface A1 located on the left side of the rectangle.

[0027] The inflation check valve is located on the lower left side of the rectangular valve body 1. It consists of an inflation valve sleeve 46, a spring 40, and a valve core 3 48, with the center lines of all parts on the same axis. The external thread on the major diameter of the inflation valve sleeve 46 engages with the corresponding internal thread hole of the valve body 1. The right-side cylinder slides into the corresponding hole and is equipped with an O-ring seal 11 47. The left end of the central hole p in the center of the inner hole is a stepped hole. The larger hole of the stepped hole has an internal thread that engages with the external thread of the inflation tool connector. The smaller hole houses the inflation port filter element 49, which is positioned by a retaining ring. The bottom of the hole at the right end of the central hole p has a groove, in which the valve core 3 48 is dynamically fitted. The left end of the valve core 3 48 is a truncated cone, the taper of which is the same as the taper of the chamfer at the right end of the central hole p. Together, they form the check valve port V5. A spring 450 is installed in the blind hole of the cylinder, and four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled on the cylinder wall at the left end of the blind hole. When not filled with gas, the one-way valve port V5 is always tightly closed under the action of the spring 450 and the gas pressure inside the hydrogen storage cylinder. Four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled at appropriate positions on the cylinder wall of the filling valve sleeve 46. The outer circle of the filling valve sleeve 46 at the orifice is machined with an annular groove to guide the hydrogen in the cylinder to the vent valve. When filling with gas, due to the low gas pressure inside the cylinder, the high-pressure hydrogen passes through the filter element 49, overcomes the pressure of the spring 450 and the back pressure, opens the one-way valve port V5, and fills the hydrogen storage cylinder through the relevant channels.

[0028] The overpressure safety valve and overheat safety valve are designed as a single unit, located at the upper left of the rectangular block. It consists of a safety valve sleeve 44, valve core 2 43, spring 3 42, piston 41, fusible plug 39, stud 3 38, and locking nut 40, with the center lines of all parts on the same axis. The external thread on the upper part of the safety valve sleeve 44 engages with the corresponding internal thread hole on the valve body 1, and the lower cylinder slides into the corresponding hole. An O-ring 45 is provided at the chamfered bottom end, and a stepped hole is located in the center. The larger hole of the stepped hole has an internal thread, and the smaller hole has a sliding piston 41. Spring 3 42 is located between the upper plane of the lower cone of valve core 2 43 and the lower end face of piston 41. The taper of the lower cone of valve core 2 43 is aligned with the center hole of the bottom wall of the safety valve sleeve 44. The chamfered corners have the same taper, forming the safety valve port V6. The shank of valve core 43 is loosely fitted into the blind hole at the bottom of piston 41. The external thread of stud 38 is screwed into the internal thread of the large hole of safety valve sleeve 44. It has an internal hexagonal hole at the top and a recess at the bottom, in which a fusible plug 39 is placed, and a connecting hole u is provided in the center. By turning stud 38 with an internal hexagonal wrench, the tightness of spring 32 can be adjusted, that is, the opening pressure of safety valve port V6 can be adjusted. The opening pressure of this invention is 70MPa, which is locked by locking nut 40 after being set. Four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled at appropriate positions on the cylinder wall of safety valve sleeve 44. An annular groove is machined on the outer diameter of safety valve sleeve 44 at the outer opening of the radial through holes. This allows safety valve cavity Z6 to communicate with relief hole B3. The internal thread of relief hole B3 is screwed into the connector of relief pipe. During filling, when the pressure inside the hydrogen storage cylinder exceeds 70 MPa, the safety valve V6 opens, and the high-pressure hydrogen gas is discharged through the vent pipe. When the combined valve temperature reaches 110±5℃, the fusible plug 39 melts into a liquid and, under the combined action of the spring 42 and the pressure inside the cylinder, is discharged through the connecting hole u. Because the thickness of the fusible plug 39 is greater than the compression of the spring 42, the spring 42 is in a completely relaxed state during discharge, without obstructing the discharge of hydrogen gas.

[0029] The vent valve is located at the lower left of the rectangular block and consists of a vent valve sleeve 53, a vent screw 56, a valve core 51, a spring 52, and a locking nut 55, with the centerlines of all parts on the same axis. The external thread on the major diameter of the vent valve sleeve 53 engages with the corresponding internal thread hole on the rectangular block, and the small cylinder slides into the corresponding hole. An O-ring is provided at the chamfered top. The inner hole has a larger diameter at both ends and a smaller diameter in the middle. A groove is machined at the bottom of the upper hole, and the valve core 51 is dynamically fitted inside. The taper of the lower cone of the valve core 51 is the same as the taper of the chamfer above the middle hole, forming the vent valve port V7. A spring 52 is installed in the blind hole, and four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled on the bottom wall of the blind hole. An internal thread is machined in the lower hole, engaging with the external thread of the vent screw 56. The bottom center of the vent screw 56 has an internal hexagonal hole, and the small cylinder above it engages with the vent valve sleeve 56. The middle hole of the 3-section is fitted with an O-ring 1254. The top surfaces of the cones of the small shaft valve core 451 at the top are opposite each other and do not normally contact each other. Four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled at appropriate positions on the cylinder wall of the vent valve sleeve 53. The outer diameter of the radial through holes is machined with an annular groove to connect the vent valve chamber Z7 with the vent hole B4. When it is necessary to release the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage tank, loosen the locking nut 55, screw in the vent screw 56, push open the valve core 451, and open the vent valve port V7. At this time, the high-pressure hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage tank can be discharged from the vent hole B4 through the relevant channels in the valve body 1 and the vent valve port V7.

[0030] To ensure reliable sealing of each valve port under high pressure, the contact surfaces of the valve core and valve seat are paired and ground, and one of them is made of a softer material. For example, the valve core is made of 316L stainless steel, and the valve seat is made of copper alloy, aluminum alloy, or a synthetic resin (such as polyimide resin or Teflon) is embedded in the valve seat. In this way, under high pressure, the softer material deforms, making the contact surfaces fit more closely.

[0031] Sealing screws 36 and stainless steel balls 37 are used to seal the orifices after drilling the channels, in three places; the low-pressure channel is sealed with only one steel ball, in only one place. One side of the cylindrical valve body 1 has a longitudinal through hole w and a transverse through hole v (see...). Figure 4 The two holes are connected, and the lower end of the longitudinal through hole w has an internal thread, in which the external thread of the temperature sensor 57 is screwed and sealed by the sealing gasket 58.

[0032] The working principle of the ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles of this invention is as follows: Figure 1As shown, when filling the hydrogen storage cylinder, the high-pressure hydrogen first passes through the filling port filter to prevent impurities from entering the storage cylinder and valve. Then, it enters the storage cylinder through the filling check valve and corresponding channels within the valve body. The function of the filling check valve is to prevent reverse flow of hydrogen when the gas supply stops, thus maintaining pressure. The high-pressure hydrogen inside the storage cylinder is connected to the overpressure safety valve, overheat safety valve, vent valve, cylinder pressure sensor, output pressure sensor, and cylinder temperature sensor through corresponding channels within the valve body. The function of the overpressure safety valve is to release gas when the filling pressure exceeds 70 MPa, or when the cylinder temperature rises due to external factors. When the internal pressure exceeds 70 MPa, it will automatically release gas to prevent the hydrogen storage cylinder from overpressure and exploding. The overheat safety valve is activated when the valve temperature rises to 110±5℃ due to ambient temperature increase (e.g., vehicle combustion), releasing the hydrogen gas from the cylinder to prevent overheating and explosion. The vent valve is used to release hydrogen gas from the cylinder or into other containers when the pressure reducing valve, balance valve, or solenoid valve malfunctions and cannot supply gas to the fuel cell. The cylinder pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the cylinder. When the pressure drops to the minimum working pressure (e.g., 5 MPa), it should be refilled in time, and refilling should be stopped when the refilling pressure reaches 70 MPa. The output pressure sensor is used to monitor whether the output pressure meets the requirements of the fuel cell. The cylinder temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature T of the hydrogen gas in the cylinder. The normal temperature range is -40℃ to 85℃. If the temperature exceeds the limit, it should be checked for accidents or improper operation.

[0033] When the hydrogen storage tank supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, high-pressure hydrogen first enters the pressure reducing valve, then passes through the balancing valve, solenoid valve, and outlet filter before being supplied to the fuel cell. The pressure reducing valve reduces the high pressure before the valve to the low pressure required by the fuel cell. Because the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve fluctuates significantly, affecting the stability of the output flow, a balancing valve is connected in series after it. The balancing valve consists of a throttling valve and a flow-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing valve. Its function is to control fluctuations in output pressure and flow. Furthermore, when the flow rate is too high (e.g., if a downstream pipeline ruptures), it can automatically shut off the gas path and stop the gas supply. If necessary, the throttling valve can also be used as a shut-off valve. The outlet filter prevents impurities from entering the fuel cell.

[0034] Working principle of pressure reducing valve and balancing valve:

[0035] If the hydrogen storage tank pressure is 70 MPa and the pressure reducing valve output pressure is 2 MPa, then the pressure reduction ratio is 35. Such a large pressure reduction ratio, if using a single valve port, would create a high pressure differential at that port. The resulting high-speed fluid would scour the valve port, generating noise and vibration, and even causing cavitation, significantly shortening the valve's lifespan. Therefore, this invention employs a dual-valve port, i.e., two-stage pressure reduction, with each stage having a pressure reduction ratio of approximately 6 (total pressure reduction ratio 6*6=36). This significantly reduces the pressure differential across the valve ports, lowers the gas velocity flowing through them, and helps improve valve lifespan. Furthermore, as the hydrogen pressure in the storage tank continuously decreases during use, the change in valve port size in the dual-valve port structure is smaller compared to the single-valve port structure, meaning the change in spring compression is smaller. Therefore, the output pressure fluctuation is smaller.

[0036] The working principle of the pressure reducing valve is as follows: Before use, under the push of spring 21, the first pressure reducing valve port V1 and the second pressure reducing valve port V2 are fully open. After gas supply, high-pressure hydrogen flows from the inlet a to the front chamber Z1 of the pressure reducing valve, and then flows into the rear chamber Z2 of the pressure reducing valve through the first pressure reducing valve port V1 and the second pressure reducing valve port V2. In the rear chamber Z2 of the pressure reducing valve, a part of the hydrogen flows to the right end face of the slide valve 3 through the radial hole 3d and the longitudinal blind hole e, pushing the slide valve 3 to move to the left, closing the first pressure reducing valve port V1 and the second pressure reducing valve port V2, thereby increasing the flow velocity through the valve port, increasing the flow resistance loss, and reducing the output pressure P1 accordingly. When the thrust acting on the right end face of the slide valve 3 is balanced with the pressure of spring 21, the pressure reducing valve has a certain pressure output. Therefore, by adjusting the tightness of spring 21, the output pressure can be adjusted. Once the output pressure is set, if the inlet pressure or flow rate changes or fluctuates, the pressure reducing valve will automatically adjust itself to keep the output pressure essentially constant. If the inlet pressure P0 decreases (the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage tank gradually decreases during use), the output pressure P1 will also decrease instantaneously. This disrupts the balance of forces acting on the slide valve 3. Driven by spring 21, the slide valve 3 moves to the right, increasing the size of the first pressure reducing valve port V1 and the second pressure reducing valve port V2. This reduces the throttling and pressure reduction effect, causing the output pressure P1 to rise back to near the original set pressure. The slide valve 3 then reaches a new equilibrium in its new position. If the inlet pressure remains constant while the flow rate increases (or decreases), the increased (or decreased) hydrogen flow velocity through the valve port leads to increased (or decreased) flow resistance loss, causing the output pressure P1 to decrease (or rise). However, the decrease (or rise) in output pressure P1 causes the slide valve 3 to move to the right (or left), increasing (or decreasing) the valve port size. This reduces (or increases) the throttling and pressure reduction effect, causing the output pressure to essentially rise (or fall) back to the original set value.

[0037] When the solenoid valve closes and stops supplying gas, the pressure in the downstream chamber Z2 of the pressure reducing valve continues to rise and acts on the right end face of the slide valve 3, pushing the slide valve 3 to the left until the first pressure reducing valve port V1 and the second pressure reducing valve port V2 are closed. The pressure downstream of the valve no longer rises. Therefore, when the gas supply stops, the pressure downstream of the pressure reducing valve is low. In this way, when the gas supply resumes, the solenoid valve can be opened without much electromagnetic force.

[0038] The working principle of the balancing valve is as follows: After depressurization, hydrogen gas enters the front chamber Z3 of the balancing valve through radial hole c, channel j, and radial hole h, and then enters the rear chamber Z4 of the balancing valve through valve port V3 and intermediate hole g. Due to the throttling and pressure reduction effect of valve port V3, a pressure difference is generated at both ends of valve core 14. When the pressure difference reaches a certain value, it overcomes the preload of spring 16 and moves to the left. The magnitude of the pressure difference depends on the flow rate, the preload and stiffness of spring 16, and the preset opening of valve port V3. Rotating the adjusting screw 8 can adjust the preset opening of valve port V3 to adjust the flow rate. After adjustment, it is locked with locking nut 7. Rotating the adjusting stud 20 can adjust the preload of spring 16. After adjustment, it is locked with locking nut 19. When the thrust generated by the pressure difference at both ends of valve core 14 is balanced with the pressure of spring 16, valve core 14 is in the equilibrium position. The flow rate at this time is the set flow rate. The design of this balancing valve ensures that the output flow and pressure remain essentially constant even when the inlet and outlet pressures or flow rates fluctuate. For example, when the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve decreases, the pressure difference across valve core 14 decreases instantaneously, and the flow rate through valve port V3 of the balancing valve also decreases. However, the decrease in input pressure reduces the thrust acting on the right end of valve core 14. Under the push of spring 16, valve core 14 moves to the right, increasing the opening of valve port V3 of the balancing valve. This, in turn, increases the flow rate, thus restoring the output flow rate to essentially its original value. Simultaneously, due to the increased opening of valve port V3 of the balancing valve, the throttling and pressure-reducing effect decreases, and the pressure in the downstream chamber Z4 of the balancing valve increases, keeping the output pressure essentially constant. For example, when the flow rate increases, the pressure difference across valve core 14 increases, causing valve core 14 to move to the left against the pressure of spring 16, reducing the opening of valve port V3 of the balance valve and thus reducing the flow rate, thereby restoring the flow rate to near its original value. At the same time, the throttling and pressure reduction effect of valve port V3 of the balance valve increases, keeping the output pressure basically unchanged. If the flow rate increases significantly (e.g., due to a downstream pipeline rupture), the pressure difference across valve core 14 increases significantly, causing it to move to the left against the pressure of spring 16 until valve port V3 of the balance valve closes, stopping the supply of gas downstream.

[0039] When the solenoid valve is being repaired, or the outlet filter element 34 or output pressure sensor is being replaced, the adjusting screw 8 can be screwed in to close the balance valve port V3, thus acting as a shut-off valve.

[0040] In addition to the embodiments described above, within the scope disclosed in the claims and specification of this invention, the technical features or technical data of this invention can be reselected and combined to form new implementation methods. These implementation methods not described in detail in this invention can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art without creative effort. Therefore, these implementation methods not described in detail should also be regarded as specific embodiments of this invention and within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-pressure cylinder valve for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, comprising a valve body (1), characterized in that: The valve body (1) is equipped with a pressure reducing valve, a balance valve consisting of a throttling valve and a flow and pressure stabilizing valve, a solenoid valve, a charging check valve, an overpressure safety valve, an overheat safety valve, a venting valve, a charging port filter element and an outlet filter element, a temperature sensor, a bottle pressure sensor interface and an output pressure sensor interface for connecting the bottle pressure and the output pressure sensor; when charging, high-pressure hydrogen opens the charging check valve through the charging port filter element (49) and charges the hydrogen storage bottle through the corresponding channel in the valve body (1); when supplying gas, the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle is supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell through the pressure reducing valve, the balance valve, the solenoid valve and the outlet filter element (33); the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve can be adjusted according to the requirements of the fuel cell, and the balance valve is used to reduce the fluctuation of output pressure and flow; The pressure reducing valve includes a pressure reducing valve sleeve (2) and a slide valve (3). The two ends of the pressure reducing valve sleeve (2) are positioned by a retaining ring (4) with holes. The inner holes of the pressure reducing valve sleeve (2) are machined with internal threaded holes at both ends, and there is a stepped hole in the center. There are two annular grooves of equal width on the right side of the left through hole. There is an inner convex ring between the two annular grooves. The right end of the inner convex ring has an annular cutting edge. The slide valve (3) has a left cylinder, a right cylinder and a valve stem in the middle. The middle section of the valve stem has two outer convex rings on the left and right. Several pressure equalizing grooves are provided on the outer diameter of the two cylinders. The outer diameter of the outer convex ring on the left side of the valve stem is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the left through hole. Its left outer circumference and the outer circumference of the left inner hole of the left annular groove form the first pressure reducing valve port (V1). The right outer convex ring and the annular cutting edge at the right end of the inner convex ring form the second pressure reducing valve port (V2). The balance valve consists of a throttle valve and a flow stabilizing and pressure stabilizing valve. It includes a valve core (14) and is a structure consisting of a left valve stem, an outer convex ring, a connecting rod, a cone, and a right valve stem.

2. The ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve body (1) consists of two mutually perpendicular parts. The upper part is a rectangular block with a T-shaped cross-section, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The lower part is a stepped cylinder with a longitudinal air inlet (a) at the center of the cylinder. The external thread of the upper section of the cylinder is screwed into the internal thread above the mouth of the hydrogen storage bottle. The lower section of the cylinder slides into the inner hole below the mouth of the bottle and is equipped with an O-ring seal (5) and a retaining ring (24). Each component is located inside the valve body (1) and is connected by the corresponding channel inside the valve body (1). The channel opening is sealed by a stainless steel ball (37) and a sealing screw (36).

3. The ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pressure reducing valve is located in the narrow part of the T-shaped rectangular block, and its center line intersects perpendicularly with the center line of the cylinder of the valve body (1). It includes a pressure reducing valve sleeve (2), a slide valve (3), a screw plug (6), a second spring (21), a second adjusting stud (22), a third locking nut (23), and an O-ring seal. The center lines of all parts are on the same axis. The shape of the pressure reducing valve sleeve (2) is a cylinder, and its outer diameter transitions with the corresponding hole in the valve body (1). The diameter of the left through hole is slightly smaller than the diameter of the right through hole, and the diameter of the inner convex ring is the same as the diameter of the left through hole. The valve sleeve (2) has four evenly distributed radial holes (b) on the cylinder wall slightly to the left of the center. The pressure reducing valve sleeve (2) at the outer opening of the radial hole (b) has an annular groove (f) on its outer diameter. The valve sleeve (2) has four evenly distributed radial holes (c) on the cylinder wall slightly to the right. The pressure reducing valve sleeve (2) at the outer opening of the radial hole (c) has an annular groove on its outer diameter. The external thread of the adjusting stud (22) is screwed into the internal thread hole at the left end of the pressure reducing valve sleeve (2). The top surface of the small cylinder at the left end has an internal hexagonal hole, and the right end has a small protrusion for setting the spring (21). The platform has a longitudinal blind hole at the center of the right end face of the small boss, and a radial through hole at the root of the small cylinder at the left end that communicates with the longitudinal blind hole; the external thread of the plug (6) is screwed into the internal thread hole at the right end of the pressure reducing valve sleeve (2), and the cylinder at the left end slides into the inner hole at the right side of the pressure reducing valve sleeve (2), and is provided with an O-ring seal 1 (5); the left end face of the plug (6) has a pit, and the right end face has an internal hexagonal hole; the left cylinder of the valve stem slides into the left through hole of the pressure reducing sleeve (2), and the groove at the left end is provided with an O-ring seal 7 (25) and a retaining ring. The first (24) has a boss at the top with a spring (21) installed; the right cylinder is movably fitted in the right through hole of the pressure reducing sleeve (2), and a longitudinal blind hole (e) is drilled in the center of the right end face. The right side of the middle valve stem is provided with a radial hole (d) that communicates with the longitudinal blind hole (e); the outer diameter of the right outer convex ring is larger than the diameter of the left through hole, but smaller than the diameter of the right through hole, and a layer of elastic hydrogen-resistant sealing material is coated on its left side plane; the spring (21) is set between the right end face of the adjusting stud (22) and the left end face of the slide valve (3).

4. The ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The balancing valve is located directly above the pressure reducing valve, with their center lines parallel. It includes a balancing valve sleeve (15), valve core one (14), guide sleeve (9), adjusting screw (8), locking nut one (7), adjusting stud one (20), locking nut two (19), spring one (16), and O-ring seals. The center lines of all parts are on the same axis. The balancing valve sleeve (15) is a stepped cylinder. The large and small cylinders slide in the corresponding holes of the valve body (1), and are provided with two O-ring seals six (18) and one O-ring seal three (12). The right end is positioned by a hole-holding elastic retaining ring two (11). The central through hole consists of three holes: the right side hole, the middle hole (g), and the left side hole. The two holes are connected in series, with the diameters being larger at both ends and smaller in the middle. The right end of the middle hole (g) is a tapered hole, and the right side of the right hole is provided with an internal thread hole. The cylinder wall of the balance valve front chamber (Z3) is provided with four evenly distributed radial holes (h). The outer diameter of the balance valve sleeve (15) at the outer opening of the radial holes (h) is provided with an annular groove (i). The external thread of the guide sleeve (9) is screwed into the internal thread hole at the right end of the right hole. The cylinder on the left is slidably fitted with the right hole and is provided with an O-ring seal (13). The inner hole is a stepped hole, and the large hole is provided with an internal thread. The adjusting screw (8) is in the shape of a stepped shaft. The external thread on the large diameter is screwed into the internal thread hole in the large hole of the guide sleeve (9). The small shaft on the left is screwed into the guide sleeve ( 9) The small hole slides and is provided with O-ring two (10), the left end face has a pit, and the right end face has an internal hexagonal hole; the left side of the left hole of the balance valve sleeve (15) is provided with an internal thread hole, and the cylinder wall of the balance valve rear cavity (Z4) is provided with 4 evenly distributed radial holes five (k), and the outer diameter of the balance valve sleeve (15) at the outer opening of the radial holes five (k) is provided with an annular groove; the external thread of the adjusting stud one (20) is screwed into the internal thread hole on the left side of the left hole, the right cylinder slides and is provided with O-ring five (17), the right end face has a blind hole in the center, and the left end face has an internal hexagonal hole in the center; the valve core one (14) is set in the inner cavity of the balance valve sleeve (15), and the left valve The rod and the outer convex ring are set in the rear cavity (Z4) of the balance valve, and the cone and the right valve rod are set in the front cavity (Z3) of the balance valve. The connecting rod is movably engaged with the blind hole of the adjusting stud (20) through the middle hole (g) and the left valve rod. The center of the left end face is provided with a blind hole, and the middle part is provided with a radial through hole communicating with the blind hole. The right valve rod is movably engaged with the inner hole of the guide sleeve (9). The center of the right end face is provided with a blind hole, and the right valve rod near the right side of the cone is provided with a radial through hole communicating with the blind hole. The taper of the cone is the same as the taper of the right end cone hole of the middle hole (g). The two form the valve port (V3) of the balance valve. The spring (16) is set between the right end face of the adjusting stud (20) and the left end face of the outer convex ring.

5. The ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The solenoid valve is located on the upper right side of the T-shaped rectangular block, including an electromagnet (29) and a solenoid valve seat (35). The cylinder of the electromagnet (29) slides in the corresponding hole of the valve body (1) and is provided with a sealing ring. The hole is positioned by an elastic retaining ring three (30). A circular pit is provided on the annular end face in front of the armature of the electromagnet (29). A sealing gasket one (34) fixed by a screw (32) is provided in the pit. The solenoid valve seat (35) is screwed into the corresponding internal thread hole of the rectangular block. The cylinder with a slightly smaller diameter in the middle slides in the corresponding hole and is provided with an O-ring nine (31). The bottom end of the cylinder has a The small cone has a stepped hole in the center of the solenoid valve seat (35). The small hole of the stepped hole makes the bottom surface of the small cone at the bottom end form an annular cutting edge. The annular cutting edge and the sealing gasket (34) form the valve port (V4) of the solenoid valve. The middle hole is provided with an air outlet filter element (33) and a retaining ring for positioning. The large hole is provided with an internal thread hole. The solenoid valve is normally closed. When the power is off, the armature closes the valve port (V4) under the action of the spring inside the electromagnet. When the power is on, the electromagnetic force overcomes the sum of the pressure of the spring and the pressure of the air pressure inside the valve on the armature, causing the armature to retract and the valve port (V4) of the solenoid valve to open.

6. The ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inflation check valve is located on the lower left side of the rectangular block of the valve body (1), including an inflation valve sleeve (46), a spring four (50), and a valve core three (48). The center lines of each part are on the same axis. The external thread on the major diameter of the inflation valve sleeve (46) is screwed into the corresponding internal thread hole of the valve body (1). The right cylinder slides into the corresponding hole and is provided with an O-ring seal eleven (47). The left end of the central hole (p) in the center of the inner hole is a stepped hole. The large hole of the stepped hole is provided with an internal thread hole, and the small hole is used to install the inflation port filter element (49) and is fixed by a retaining ring. The bottom of the hole at the right end of the central hole (p) is provided with a groove, and a valve core three (48) is movably fitted in the hole. The left end of the valve core three (48) is a truncated cone, and the taper of the truncated cone is the same as the taper of the chamfer at the right end of the central hole (p). The two together form a one-way valve port (V5). A spring four (50) is provided in the blind hole at the center of the valve core three (48). Four evenly distributed radial through holes are provided on the cylinder wall at the left end of the blind hole. Four evenly distributed radial through holes are provided on the cylinder wall of the inflation valve sleeve (46). An annular groove is provided on the outer circle of the inflation valve sleeve at the outer opening of the radial through holes.

7. The ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The overpressure safety valve and the overheat safety valve are integrated into one unit, located at the upper left of the rectangular block. The unit includes a safety valve sleeve (44), valve core two (43), spring three (42), piston (41), fusible plug (39), stud three (38), and locking nut four (40). The center lines of all parts are on the same axis. The external thread on the upper part of the safety valve sleeve (44) engages with the corresponding internal thread hole on the valve body (1), and the lower cylinder slides with the corresponding hole. An O-ring seal ten (45) is provided at the bottom chamfer, and a stepped hole is located in the center. The larger hole of the stepped hole has an internal thread, and the smaller hole has a piston (41) slidingly engaged. The upper surface of the cone at the lower end of valve core two (43) and the piston (41) are also connected. A spring three (42) is provided between the lower end faces. The taper of the cone of the valve core two (43) is the same as the taper of the chamfer above the center hole of the bottom wall of the safety valve sleeve (44). The two together form the valve port (V6) of the safety valve. The shank end of the valve core two (43) is loosely fitted in the blind hole at the bottom end of the piston (41). The external thread of the stud three (38) is screwed into the internal thread hole of the large hole of the safety valve sleeve (44). The top end is provided with an internal hexagonal hole, the bottom end is provided with a pit, a fusible plug block (39) is provided in the pit, and a connecting hole (u) is provided in the center. The cylinder wall of the safety valve sleeve (44) is provided with four evenly distributed radial through holes. The outer diameter of the safety valve sleeve (44) at the outer opening of the radial through holes is provided with an annular groove that communicates with the discharge hole (B3).

8. The ultra-high pressure cylinder valve for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vent valve is located at the lower left of the rectangular block and includes a vent valve sleeve (53), a vent screw (56), a valve core four (51), a spring five (52), and a locking nut five (55). The center lines of all parts are on the same axis. The external thread on the major diameter of the vent valve sleeve (53) engages with the corresponding internal thread hole on the rectangular block. The small cylinder slides with the corresponding hole. An O-ring is provided at the chamfer at the top. The inner hole of the valve sleeve has a larger diameter at both ends and a smaller diameter in the middle. A groove is provided at the bottom of the upper hole. The valve core four (51) is movably fitted inside the hole. The taper of the lower end of the valve core four (51) is the same as the taper of the chamfer above the middle hole. The two together form the vent valve port (V7). A spring five (52) is provided in the blind hole. Four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled on the bottom wall of the blind hole. An internal thread is provided in the lower hole, which engages with the external thread of the vent screw (56). The bottom end of the vent screw (56) has an internal hexagonal hole. The upper small cylinder slides with the middle hole in the middle of the vent valve sleeve (53) and is provided with an O-ring seal twelve (54). The end face of the top small shaft is opposite to the top surface of the cone of the valve core four (51). Four evenly distributed radial through holes are drilled on the wall of the vent valve sleeve (53). An annular groove is provided on the outer diameter of the vent valve sleeve at the outer opening of the radial through holes.

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