An alternating particle heat absorber and solar power generation system

Abstract

The present invention discloses an alternating particle heat absorber and a solar power generation system. A power device is provided to drive the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part to alternately move back and forth between the heat absorbing area receiving solar energy and the heat exchange area in the shell, and the particles exchange heat with the first heat absorbing part or the second heat absorbing part in the heat exchange area. The traditional cavity-type particle heat absorber is split into a process in which two heat absorbing parts alternately absorb heat and two heat absorbing parts alternately exchange heat with particles. The two heat absorbing parts alternately absorb heat, and the heat exchange process with the particles is in the shell, which avoids direct contact between the particles and the external environment, reduces heat loss, and can improve the heat absorption efficiency of the particle heat absorption process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solar thermal power generation, and in particular relates to an alternating particle heat absorber and a solar power generation system. Background Art

[0002] Solar energy is a green, sustainable and clean energy source, and therefore may become an ideal main energy source in the future. Solar thermal power generation has a wide range of application prospects because it is equipped with large-scale and cheap energy storage technology, so the power output is smooth, stable and dispatchable.

[0003] Solid particle heat absorption and storage technology is a new type of solar energy heat absorption and storage technology and one of the mainstream technologies in the research of third-generation tower solar thermal power generation. Its main advantages are: solid particles can meet the needs of heat absorption, heat transfer and heat storage at the same time; the cost of particles is low; the particle absorption temperature is high, up to 1000°C; the storage and transportation of particles do not require the use of expensive metal materials, which reduces equipment costs.

[0004] According to the way solar energy heats the particles, particle absorbers can be divided into direct heating and indirect heating. Particle heat exchange depends on heat conduction, so the heat exchange efficiency is low, resulting in low thermal efficiency of conventional indirect heating absorbers. Therefore, the existing mainstream technology is to use solar energy to directly heat the particles. The most ideal structure for a direct heating absorber is an open cavity absorber, but the particle flow rate is difficult to control, resulting in uneven particle temperature after heat absorption, severe heat loss, and low absorber efficiency; and the higher the particle temperature, the lower the efficiency of the particle absorber, which greatly limits the application of particle energy storage technology in the field of solar thermal power generation. If liquid metal or other high-temperature heat exchange media is used to absorb heat first and then transfer the heat to the particles, it is a solution, but there is still a problem that when the heat exchange medium is overheated, phase change occurs, pressure increases, and pipe bursts occur.

[0005] Therefore, the existing particle heat absorber has the problem of low heat absorption efficiency and the problem of easy tube explosion. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an alternating particle heat absorber and a solar power generation system to solve the problem of low heat absorption efficiency of the existing particle heat absorber.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] An alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention comprises a heat absorption region, a heat exchange region, a first heat absorption part, a second heat absorption part and a power device;

[0009] A shell is provided outside the heat exchange region, and the particles are in heat transfer contact with the first heat absorbing part or the second heat absorbing part in the heat exchange region, and the heat absorbing region is arranged above the heat exchange region;

[0010] The output end of the power device is connected to the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part respectively, and is used to drive the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part to alternately travel back and forth between the heat absorbing area and the heat exchange area.

[0011] In the alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention, the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part are both annular heat absorbing tube groups, and the first heat absorbing part is sleeved on the second heat absorbing part.

[0012] The alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention, the annular heat absorption tube group includes a plurality of solid heat absorption tubes and a plurality of clamping units, gaps are provided between the solid heat absorption tubes, and the solid heat absorption tubes of the same annular heat absorption tube group are connected together by the clamping units.

[0013] The alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention, the first heat absorbing part comprises a first heat absorbing side and a first heat exchange side, the first heat exchange side is arranged on a side of the first heat absorbing part opposite to the first heat absorbing side, and the first heat exchange side is provided with a plurality of first heat exchange elements which are spaced and arranged in an alternating manner;

[0014] The second heat absorbing part comprises a second heat absorbing side and a second heat exchanging side. The second heat exchanging side is arranged on a side of the second heat absorbing part opposite to the second heat absorbing side. The second heat exchanging side is provided with a plurality of second heat exchanging elements which are spaced apart and arranged in an alternating manner.

[0015] The alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention further comprises a particle heat exchanger and a particle conveying part;

[0016] The input end of the particle heat exchanger is in communication with the output end of the shell;

[0017] The output end of the particle heat exchanger is connected to the input end of the particle conveying part;

[0018] The output end of the particle conveying portion is communicated with the input end of the shell.

[0019] The alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention, the particle conveying part includes a lifting bucket and a particle sprayer;

[0020] The input end of the lifting bucket is communicated with the output end of the particle heat exchanger, the output end of the lifting bucket is communicated with the input end of the particle sprayer, and the output end of the particle sprayer is communicated with the heat exchange area.

[0021] In the alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention, the spaces corresponding to the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part in the heat exchange region are respectively the first heat exchange space and the second heat exchange space;

[0022] The output end of the particle sprayer includes a first output port and a second output port; the first output port is arranged in the first heat exchange space, and the second output port is arranged in the second heat exchange space.

[0023] The alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention further comprises a hot particle collecting portion and a cold particle collecting portion;

[0024] The hot particle collecting portion is disposed between the heat exchange region and the input end of the particle heat exchanger;

[0025] The cold particle collecting portion is arranged at the lower end of the particle heat exchanger.

[0026] The alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention, the power device is a crane;

[0027] The first heat absorbing part is provided with a first lifting lug, and the second heat absorbing part is provided with a second lifting lug;

[0028] The first lifting rope of the crane is connected to the first lifting eye, and the second lifting rope of the crane is connected to the second lifting eye.

[0029] A solar power generation system of the present invention comprises any one of the above-mentioned alternating particle heat absorbers.

[0030] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art:

[0031] 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, a power device is provided to drive the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part to alternately travel between the heat absorbing area receiving solar energy and the heat exchange area in the shell, and the particles exchange heat with the first heat absorbing part or the second heat absorbing part in the heat exchange area. The traditional cavity-type particle heat absorber is split into a process in which two heat absorbing parts alternately absorb heat and two heat absorbing parts alternately exchange heat with particles. The two heat absorbing parts alternately absorb heat, and the heat exchange process with the particles is in the shell, which avoids direct contact between the particles and the external environment, reduces heat loss, and can improve the heat absorption efficiency of the particle heat absorption process.

[0032] 2. An embodiment of the present invention adopts a method in which the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part absorb heat alternately, so that the heat absorption process and the heat exchange process can be kept going simultaneously at all times.

[0033] 3. An embodiment of the present invention adopts a solid heat absorbing tube to absorb heat, which fundamentally solves the problem of tube bursting.

[0034] 4. An embodiment of the present invention adopts an arrangement of two annular tube groups for alternating heat absorption, so the mirror field arrangement can adopt a more efficient circular mirror field arrangement rather than a low-efficiency fan-shaped mirror field with a cavity-type particle heat absorber, further improving the photothermal efficiency.

[0035] 5. An embodiment of the present invention divides the particle heat absorption process into the process of alternating heat absorption by the solid heat absorption tube and heat exchange between the solid heat absorption tube and the particles, decoupling heat absorption from heat exchange, which is beneficial for the solar thermal power station to control the load when the weather changes, so that the temperature of the hot particles after heat exchange is stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the solid heat absorbing tubes of the alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a front view schematic diagram of a solid heat absorbing tube of the alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a clamping unit of an alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a particle sprayer of an alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the fins of the alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the heat pipes of the alternating particle heat absorber of the present invention.

[0043] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1: first heat absorption part; 2: first heat exchange element; 3: particle sprayer; 301: left output pipe; 302: middle output pipe; 303: right output pipe; 4: second heat absorption part; 5: second heat exchange element; 6: mixer; 7: hot particle tank; 8: particle heat exchanger; 9: cold particle tank; 10: sifter; 11: stockpile bin; 12: lifting bucket; 13: first lifting ear; 14: first lifting rope; 15: second lifting ear; 16: power unit; 17: solid heat absorption tube; 18: clamping unit; 1801: clamping plate; 1802: clamping bolt; 19: fin; 20: heat pipe; 21: shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following is a further detailed description of an alternating particle heat absorber and a solar power generation system proposed by the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and claims.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] See also Figure 1In one embodiment, an alternating particle heat absorber includes a heat absorption area, a heat exchange area, a first heat absorption part 1, a second heat absorption part 4, and a power device 16.

[0047] Among them, a shell 21 is provided outside the heat exchange area, and the particles are in heat transfer contact with the first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 in the heat exchange area; the heat absorbing area is arranged above the heat exchange area, and is used to receive solar energy from the mirror field. The output end of the power device 16 is connected to the first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 respectively, and the first heat absorbing part 1 is sleeved on the outside of the second heat absorbing part 4, and is used to drive the first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 to alternately go back and forth between the heat absorbing area and the heat exchange area; and the first heat absorbing part 1 is sleeved on the outside of the second heat absorbing part 4 in the vertical projection. The first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 absorb the solar energy of the mirror field in the heat absorbing area respectively, and move to the heat exchange area to heat the cold particles respectively. Because the heat absorbing area and the heat exchange area are adjacent, there is always the first heat absorbing part 1 or the second heat absorbing part 4 in the heat exchange area to exchange heat with the particles.

[0048] In this embodiment, a power device 16 is provided, and the power device 16 drives the first heat absorption part 1 and the second heat absorption part 4 to alternately travel back and forth between the heat absorption area receiving solar energy and the heat exchange area in the shell 21, and the particles exchange heat with the first heat absorption part 1 or the second heat absorption part 4 in the heat exchange area. The traditional cavity-type particle heat absorber is divided into a process in which two heat absorption parts alternately absorb heat and two heat absorption parts alternately exchange heat with particles. The two heat absorption parts alternately absorb heat, and the heat exchange process with the particles is in the shell 21, which avoids direct contact between the particles and the external environment, reduces heat loss, and can improve the heat absorption efficiency of the particle heat absorption process.

[0049] The specific structure of the alternating particle heat absorber of this embodiment is further described below:

[0050] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 are both annular heat absorbing tube groups. The two are concentric, the first heat absorbing part 1 has a larger diameter and is sleeved on the second heat absorbing part 4, and a sufficiently large gap must be left between the two heat absorbing tube groups.

[0051] Furthermore, each annular heat absorbing tube group may include a plurality of solid heat absorbing tubes 17 and clamping units 18. Gaps are provided between the solid heat absorbing tubes 17 to form an annular shape, and the solid heat absorbing tubes 17 of the same heat exchange heat absorbing tube group are connected together by the clamping units 18. The purpose of the gap arrangement is to avoid the problem of extrusion caused by the solid heat absorbing tubes 17 due to thermal expansion and deformation.

[0052] Among them, see Figure 4The clamping unit 18 may include two clamping pieces 1801, which are respectively attached to the two sides of the solid heat absorbing tube 17, and the two clamping bolts 1802 are used to fix the relative positions of the two clamping pieces 1801, thereby fixing the solid heat absorbing tube 17. The material of the solid heat absorbing tube 17 may be metal or other high thermal conductivity materials, which is not specifically limited here.

[0053] Further, see Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first heat absorbing part 1 includes a first heat absorbing side and a first heat exchange side. The first heat exchange side is arranged on the side of the first heat absorbing part 1 opposite to the first heat absorbing side, that is, the first heat absorbing side is an outer circular surface, and the first heat exchange side is an inner circular surface. A plurality of first heat exchange elements 2 are arranged at intervals and staggered. The second heat absorbing part 4 includes a second heat absorbing side and a second heat exchange side. The second heat exchange side is arranged on the side of the second heat absorbing part 4 opposite to the second heat absorbing side, that is, the second heat absorbing side is an outer circular surface, and the second heat exchange side is an inner circular surface. A plurality of second heat exchange elements 5 are arranged at intervals and staggered. Among them, the first heat exchange element 2 and the second heat exchange element 5 can both be fins 19 or heat pipes 20. The lengths of the two fins 19 or heat pipes 20 do not exceed the outer diameter of the corresponding annular heat absorbing tube group, and should not interfere with the alternating movement between the two annular heat absorbing tube groups. When fins 19 are provided, they are provided in several rows, each row of fins 19 has a certain deflection angle, and the deflection angles of the two adjacent rows of fins 19 are opposite, so that when the particles exchange heat with the fins 19, the fins 19 can play a certain role in hindering the particles from falling. When heat pipes 20 are provided, they are also provided in multiple rows, and the two adjacent rows of heat pipes 20 are staggered, so that when the particles exchange heat with the heat pipes 20, the heat pipes 20 can play a certain role in hindering the particles from falling.

[0054] In this embodiment, the alternating particle heat absorber may further include a hot particle collection section, a particle heat exchanger, a cold particle collection section, and a particle conveying section. The input end of the hot particle collection section is connected to the output end of the shell 21. The input end of the particle heat exchanger 8 is connected to the output end of the hot particle collection section. The input end of the cold particle collection section is connected to the output end of the particle heat exchanger 8. The output end of the cold particle collection section is connected to the input end of the particle conveying section. The output end of the particle conveying section extends into the heat exchange area, and is used to convey the particles that have undergone heat exchange in the cold particle collection section to the heat exchange area in the shell for heat exchange, thereby realizing the recycling of particles.

[0055] The hot particle collection unit includes a mixer 6 and a hot particle tank 7. The input end of the mixer 6 is connected to the output end of the housing 21, and the output end of the mixer 6 is connected to the input end of the hot particle tank 7, for mixing the hot particles after heat exchange in the heat exchange area to make the temperature uniform, and outputting them to the hot particle tank 7 for storage. The output end of the hot particle tank 7 is connected to the particle heat exchanger 8. After the particle heat exchanger 8 receives the hot particles in the hot particle tank 7, the hot particles exchange heat with the power generation working medium in the particle heat exchanger 8 and become cold particles.

[0056] The cold particle collection section includes a cold particle tank 9, a screener 10, and a stacking bin 11. The input end of the cold particle tank 9 is connected to the output end of the particle heat exchanger 8, and is used to store the cold particles. The output end of the cold particle tank 9 is connected to the input end of the screener 10, and the output end of the screener 10 is connected to the input end of the stacking bin 11. The screener 10 screens the cold particles and outputs them to the stacking bin 11 for placement. The output end of the stacking bin 11 is connected to the input end of the particle conveying section.

[0057] The particle conveying part includes a lifting bucket 12 and a particle sprayer 3. The input end of the lifting bucket 12 is connected to the output end of the stock bin 11, and the output end of the lifting bucket 12 is connected to the input end of the particle sprayer 3. The output end of the particle sprayer 3 extends into the heat exchange area. The lifting bucket 12 loads the cold particles in the stock bin 11 and lifts them to the particle sprayer 3 above. The particle sprayer 3 sprays the cold particles into the shell 21 for heat exchange to form hot particles and form a cycle. The first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 have their own corresponding spaces in the heat exchange area, namely the first heat exchange space and the second heat exchange space, and the output end of the particle sprayer includes a first output port and a second output port; the first heat exchange space corresponds to the first output port, that is, the particles output from the first output port enter the first heat exchange space and exchange heat with the first heat exchange part; similarly, the second heat exchange space corresponds to the second output port.

[0058] Specifically, see Figure 5, the output end of the particle sprayer 3 may include a first output port and a second output port. Specifically, taking the figure as an example, the first output port may be the left output pipe 301 and the right output pipe 303, and the second output port may be the middle output pipe 302. Since the first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 are both annular in shape and have different diameters, the heat exchange areas corresponding to the two annular heat absorbing tube groups are different. The area corresponding to the first heat absorbing part 1 is larger, which is the first heat exchange space, corresponding to the left output pipe 301 and the right output pipe 303; the area corresponding to the second heat absorbing part 4 is smaller, which is the second heat exchange space, corresponding to the middle output pipe 302. When the second heat absorbing part 4 absorbs heat in the heat absorbing area and the first heat absorbing part 1 enters the heat exchange area, the particle sprayer 3 is fully opened, and the particles are output from the left output pipe 301, the middle output pipe 302 and the right output pipe 303 respectively. When the first heat absorbing part 1 absorbs heat in the heat absorbing area and the second heat absorbing part 4 enters the heat exchange area, the particle sprayer 3 is partially opened, and the particles are only output from the middle output pipe 302.

[0059] In this embodiment, the power device 16 can be specifically a crane. The first heat absorbing part 1 is provided with a first lifting eye 13, and the second heat absorbing part 4 is provided with a second lifting eye 15. The crane is connected to the first lifting eye 13 through a first lifting rope 14, and is connected to the second lifting eye 15 through a second lifting rope, so that the first heat absorbing part 1 and the second heat absorbing part 4 can be alternately moved back and forth, and the heat absorption and heat exchange processes can be kept in progress at all times.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] A solar power generation system includes the alternating particle heat absorber in the above-mentioned embodiment 1. By setting a power device 16, the power device 16 drives the first heat absorption part 1 and the second heat absorption part 4 to alternately travel back and forth between the heat absorption area receiving solar energy and the heat exchange area in the shell 21, and the particles exchange heat with the first heat absorption part 1 or the second heat absorption part 4 in the heat exchange area. The traditional cavity-type particle heat absorber is split into a process in which two heat absorption parts alternately absorb heat and two heat absorption parts alternately exchange heat with particles. The two heat absorption parts alternately absorb heat, and the heat exchange process with the particles is in the shell 21, which avoids direct contact between the particles and the external environment, reduces heat loss, and can greatly improve the heat absorption efficiency of the particle heat absorption process.

[0062] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, if these changes fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An alternating particle heat absorber, characterized in that: It comprises a heat absorption region, a heat exchange region, a first heat absorption part (1), a second heat absorption part (4) and a power device (16); A shell (21) is provided outside the heat exchange region, and the particles are in heat transfer contact with the first heat absorption part (1) or the second heat absorption part (2) in the heat exchange region, and the heat absorption region is provided above the heat exchange region; The output end of the power device (16) is connected to the first heat absorbing part (1) and the second heat absorbing part (4) respectively, and is used to drive the first heat absorbing part (1) and the second heat absorbing part (4) to alternately move back and forth between the heat absorbing area and the heat exchange area; The first heat absorbing part (1) comprises a first heat absorbing side and a first heat exchange side, the first heat exchange side being arranged on a side of the first heat absorbing part (1) opposite to the first heat absorbing side, and the first heat exchange side being provided with a plurality of first heat exchange elements (2) arranged at intervals and in a staggered manner; The second heat absorbing part (4) comprises a second heat absorbing side and a second heat exchange side, the second heat exchange side being arranged on a side of the second heat absorbing part (1) opposite to the second heat absorbing side, and the second heat exchange side being provided with a plurality of second heat exchange elements (5) arranged at intervals and in a staggered manner; It also includes a particle conveying section, wherein the particle conveying section includes a particle sprayer (3); The particle sprayer (3) is arranged between the heat exchange area and the heat absorption area.

2. The alternating particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first heat absorbing part (1) and the second heat absorbing part (4) are both annular heat absorbing tube groups; in vertical projection, the first heat absorbing part (1) is sleeved on the outside of the second heat absorbing part (4).

3. The alternating particle heat absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular heat absorption tube group comprises a plurality of solid heat absorption tubes (17) and a plurality of clamping units (18), gaps are provided between the solid heat absorption tubes (17), and the solid heat absorption tubes (17) of the same annular heat absorption tube group are connected together by the clamping units (18).

4. The alternating particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spaces in the heat exchange region corresponding to the first heat absorbing part and the second heat absorbing part are respectively the first heat exchange space and the second heat exchange space; The output end of the particle sprayer (3) comprises a first output port and a second output port; the first output port is arranged in the first heat exchange space, and the second output port is arranged in the second heat exchange space.

5. The alternating particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a particle heat exchanger (8); the particle heat exchanger (8) is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchange area.

6. The alternating particle heat absorber according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes a hot particle collection section and a cold particle collection section; The hot particle collecting portion is arranged between the heat exchange area and the particle heat exchanger (8); The cold particle collection portion is arranged at the lower end of the particle heat exchanger (8).

7. The alternating particle heat absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power device (16) is a crane; The first heat absorbing part (1) is provided with a first lifting lug (13), and the second heat absorbing part (4) is provided with a second lifting lug (15); The first lifting rope (14) of the crane is connected to the first lifting eye (13), and the second lifting rope of the crane is connected to the second lifting eye (15).

8. A solar power generation system, characterized in that: It comprises an alternating particle heat absorber as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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