A blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal device and method for rock drilling blasting excavation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a blasting smoke collection and rock powder dust removal device and method for rock drilling and blasting excavation, belonging to the technical field of tunnel dust removal, the device comprises a support frame composed of an inner shed and an outer shed, one end of the support frame in the length direction is open, and the other end is provided with a dust removal net, a first spray dust collector is provided on the dust removal net, a second spray dust collector is provided in the inner shed, and ventilation holes are provided on the wall of the inner shed, a gap is provided between the inner shed and the outer shed to form a cavity, the two ends of the cavity are closed, and a third spray dust collector is provided in the cavity, and ventilation holes are provided on the wall of the inner shed, and also comprises a blasting smoke collection system, the blasting smoke collection system is connected with the cavity, and can collect the blasting smoke in the support frame along the ventilation holes of the inner shed into the cavity and discharge it to the return air lane. On the basis of realizing blasting smoke collection and dust removal, it can play the function of temporary support and working face cooling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel dust removal, and in particular relates to a blasting smoke collection and rock powder dust removal device and a method thereof for rock drilling and blasting excavation. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] At present, due to geological conditions, there are still many single-headed working faces in metal mines that use manual rock drilling for blasting and excavation. The ventilation conditions are poor and the working environment of workers is not good. Especially after blasting and breaking the rock, it is difficult to take measures to dissipate the smoke and dust in time. Ultimately, the effective working time of the team is short, the operation cycle is long, and the safety of personnel and property cannot be effectively guaranteed.

[0004] At present, blasting smoke dissipation and dust removal generally use a single local fan to perform ventilation and sewage discharge by pressure or extraction. In recent years, a combined pressure-extraction sewage discharge method has also been adopted. However, due to the large cross-section and small wind tunnel area, it is difficult to achieve a relatively complete sewage discharge effect. At the same time, toxic and harmful gases produced by blasting, such as CO, excessive CO2, nitrogen compounds, sulfides, etc., are very harmful to operators and need to be effectively removed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal device and method for rock drilling and blasting excavation. The device can not only realize blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal, but also play the function of temporary support and working face cooling.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides a blasting smoke collection and rock powder dust removal device for rock drilling and blasting excavation, the device includes a support frame composed of an inner shed and an outer shed, one end of the support frame in the length direction is open, and the other end is provided with a dust removal net, a first spray dust collector is provided on the dust removal net, a second spray dust collector is provided in the inner shed, and ventilation holes are provided on the wall of the inner shed, a gap is provided between the inner shed and the outer shed to form a cavity, both ends of the cavity are closed, and a third spray dust collector is provided in the cavity, and also includes a blasting smoke collection system, which is connected to the cavity and can collect the blasting smoke in the support frame along the ventilation holes on the wall of the inner shed into the cavity and discharge it to the return air channel.

[0007] Furthermore, a sludge treatment pool is provided at the bottom of the support frame, and the sludge treatment pool is used to collect rock powder that has been muddied by the first to third spray dust collectors. The sludge treatment pool is connected to a sludge pump, so that the rock powder is muddied and falls into the sludge treatment pool, so that it no longer muddies in the tunnel, which greatly reduces the dredging work and helps to reduce the labor of workers.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the support frame is connected to a driving wheel. Since the support frame is movable, it can be used as a temporary support, thereby reducing the possibility of safety problems for workers under exposed rock masses.

[0009] Furthermore, the gun smoke collection system includes a plurality of multi-stage extraction type local fans interconnected by pipelines, one end of the multi-stage extraction type local fans is connected to the cavity, and the other end is connected to the return air lane. In this way, the Bernoulli principle is used to increase the wind speed and use the low pressure to press the gun smoke into the shed, and then the multi-stage extraction type axial flow local fans are used to discharge the polluted air into the return air lane, where the polluted air is no longer mixed with the fresh air flow, and the working surface environment is purified to the maximum extent.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a water pipe, which is connected to the first to third spray dust collectors respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner shed and the outer shed are both welded from steel parts, and the inside and the outside of the inner shed and the outer shed are covered with iron sheets or geotextiles.

[0012] Furthermore, a water pipe is provided between the inner shed and the outer shed, and the third spray dust collector is installed on the water pipe.

[0013] The embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of a blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal device for rock drilling and blasting excavation based on any one of the above items, the method comprising the following process:

[0014] Before blasting, the blasting smoke collection and dust removal equipment is moved to the blasting site to wait for blasting;

[0015] After the blasting work is completed, the first spray dust collector on the end face of the support frame is used for preliminary spray dust reduction and mudification; the blast smoke collection system is controlled to draw the dispersed blast smoke and rock powder into the support frame and then into the gap between the sheds through the ventilation holes. At the same time, the second spray dust collector on the top of the inner shed performs two-step spray dust reduction and mudification on the dispersed rock powder; finally, the rock powder entering the cavity between the inner shed and the outer shed is sprayed again for dust reduction and mudification through the third spray dust collector, and the rock powder and blast smoke that have not been dusted and mudified are discharged into the return air channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the muddied rock powder and blasting smoke flow into a sludge treatment pool at the bottom of the support frame, and after the sludge in the sludge treatment pool reaches a specified capacity, it is cleaned by a sludge pump.

[0017] Furthermore, the blasting smoke collection system utilizes the Bernoulli principle to form a low-pressure area in the gap between the inner shed and the outer shed, so that the blasting smoke and rock powder dispersed on the working surface enter the support frame, and some of the blasting smoke and rock powder enter the shed through the ventilation holes on the inner shed wall. The blasting smoke is finally discharged into the return air channel through multi-stage local fans.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] The blasting smoke collection and rock powder dust removal equipment provided by the present invention can be placed in front of the blasting site. When the blasting smoke and rock powder after the blasting enter the interior of the support frame, the rock powder is initially removed by the first to second spray dust collectors at the end of the support frame and inside. At the same time, the blasting smoke collection system also makes the blasting smoke and rock powder diffused in the support frame flow at any time. The rock powder that partially enters the cavity between the inner shed and the outer shed is further removed by the third spray dust collector. At the same time, the blasting smoke is discharged to the return air lane. At this time, the blasting smoke is no longer mixed with the fresh airflow. In this way, the equipment can not only comprehensively reduce the dust of the rock powder entering the support frame through the first to third spray dust collectors in cooperation with the blasting smoke collection system, but also purify the air in the lane.

[0020] The support frame in the blasting smoke collection and rock powder dust removal equipment provided by the present invention plays a temporary support role to a certain extent, preventing broken stones in the tunnel from falling and hitting workers, thereby ensuring the workers' working efficiency and working safety.

[0021] The high-concentration saturated spray in the spray net in the blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal equipment provided by the present invention can cool down the temperature of the blasting working surface to a certain extent, further improving the working environment of the staff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of a blasting smoke collection and dust removal device suitable for artificial rock drilling and blasting excavation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A structural diagram of preliminary spray dust removal in a blasting smoke collection and dust removal device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a high-velocity gun smoke collection system in the gun smoke collection and dust removal equipment provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Two-stage exhaust local fan, 2. One-stage exhaust local fan, 3. Water pipe, 4. Inner shed, 5. Outer shed, 6. Harmful gas monitor, 7. Ventilation port, 8. Spray dust collector between sheds, 9. Sludge pump, 10. Sludge treatment pool, 11. Preliminary spray dust removal net, 12. Battery, 13. Spray water pipe, 14. Roof spray dust collector, 15. Driving wheel, 16. Sludge, 17. Dirty air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a blasting smoke collection and dust removal device suitable for artificial rock drilling and blasting excavation, the device mainly includes a movable train, a spray dust removal system, a high-flow rate blasting smoke collection system and a sludge collection and treatment system.

[0027] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the movable train is mainly a support frame composed of an inner shed 4 and an outer shed 5, wherein the inner shed 4 and the outer shed 5 are both semi-circular, similar to the cross-sectional shape of a normal tunnel, and a certain gap is provided between the inner shed 4 and the outer shed 5, thereby forming an air flow space, and the front and rear end surfaces of the air flow space are closed, and at the same time, a plurality of ventilation holes 7 are provided on the wall surface of the inner shed, and the space inside the support frame is connected with the air flow space between the inner shed 4 and the outer shed 5 through the ventilation holes 7.

[0028] The inner shed 4 and the outer shed 5 in this embodiment are both welded by a plurality of U-shaped steel brackets and I-beams, and the inner and outer surfaces of the inner shed 4 and the outer shed 5 are covered with thin iron sheets to form a shed-like body. The shed-like body thus formed has a high overall structural strength and can play a role of temporary support to a certain extent, preventing workers from being hit by falling debris from the top of the tunnel, thereby ensuring the workers' working efficiency and safety.

[0029] Furthermore, the support frame described in this embodiment is movable, and driving wheels 15 are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of the bottom of the support frame, and one group of driving wheels 15 is driven by a battery 12, so that the overall movement of the support frame can be controlled. Before the blasting work, the train can be moved into the tunnel. After the blasting is completed, the internal gun smoke and dust can be collected and removed by the equipment. After completion, the train is controlled to move out of the tunnel, and the next step of operation can be carried out, or the operator can work directly in the support frame. As the blasting work continues to advance, the equipment can also move forward all the time. Before each blasting, the equipment will be moved to the front, which not only has high dust removal efficiency, but also does not delay the normal operation of the work.

[0030] The support frame in this embodiment can be driven manually or controlled by remote control. In this way, when the blasting personnel are ready, the equipment can be remotely controlled to enter the tunnel and be close to the scene to collect blast smoke and remove dust to the greatest extent.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the end faces of both ends of the support frame in this embodiment are not closed, one end face is installed with a wire door, and the other end is open. The open end of the support frame is in contact with the tunnel to be blasted.

[0032] Corresponding to the working surface, the wire door at the other end can be opened and closed. The operator can enter the support frame by opening the wire door, and a preliminary spray dust removal net 11 is provided on the wire door. The preliminary spray dust removal net 11 is provided with a plurality of spray water pipes 13, and the first spray dust removal net is formed by these spray water pipes 13. In this way, the operator can leave the support frame from the wire door before performing blasting work, and then close the wire door.

[0033] It can be understood that when the support frame in this embodiment enters the environment to be blasted, the open end of the support frame faces inward, so that after the blasting, the gun smoke generated by the blasting will first enter the interior of the support frame. At this time, the first spray dust removal net on the wire door installed on the other end face of the support frame is used to collect the dust after the blasting. The spray water pipe 13 on the first spray dust removal net will spray water to muddy the dust impacted by the blasting, and then flow into the sludge treatment pool at the bottom of the support frame.

[0034] Furthermore, a plurality of rooftop spray dust collectors 14 are evenly arranged on the top of the inner shed of the support frame in the present embodiment, and a second spray dust removal net is formed by these rooftop spray dust collectors 14. The second spray dust removal net is also a mesh structure like the first spray dust removal net, and then a plurality of spray water pipes 13 capable of spraying are evenly installed on the mesh structure, or the second spray dust removal net is evenly arranged on the inner wall surface. When the dust after the blasting enters the interior of the support frame due to the impact, in order to quickly remove the dust inside, the dust inside the support member can be muddied through the second spray dust removal net. Similarly, the high-saturation water mist formed by the second spray dust removal net muddies the rock powder and falls into the sludge treatment pool at the bottom of the support frame.

[0035] Furthermore, if Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the power of the high-flow smoke collection system in this embodiment is composed of multi-stage local fans to form a high-flow extraction wind flow. The high-flow smoke collection system includes a secondary extraction local fan 1 and a primary extraction local fan 2.

[0036] The secondary exhaust fan 1 and the primary exhaust fan 2 are connected in series through a pipeline, and the primary exhaust fan 2 is connected to the air flow space composed of the inner shed and the outer shed through the pipeline, and the secondary exhaust fan 1 can be directly connected to the return air lane of the laneway. Pay attention to the sealing of the connection part. In this way, the high-flow rate gun smoke collection system uses the Bernoulli principle to form a low-pressure area between the inner shed and the outer shed. Since the interior of the support frame is a high-pressure area, the air pressure difference diffuses inside the support frame. Part of the blasting smoke or smoke powder will enter the gap between the inner shed and the outer shed along the ventilation hole 7 on the inner wall, and then the inter-shed spray dust collector 8 in the gap between the inner shed and the outer shed will perform high-saturation spraying to reduce the inter-shed dust and turn the rock powder into mud. At the same time, the muddied dust will flow down along the outer wall of the inner shed, and finally enter the sludge treatment pool at the bottom of the support frame, and the collected blasting smoke will eventually be discharged into the return air lane, where the polluted air 17 is no longer mixed with the fresh air flow, thereby maximally purifying the working face environment.

[0037] It should be noted that the multi-stage local fans in the present invention are not limited to the two pull-out local fans in the embodiment, but may be more than two. The larger the number, the better the smoke collection effect.

[0038] The inter-shed spray dust collector 8 in this embodiment can be arranged on the inner wall of the outer shed, and the spray dust collector is the same as the first spray dust collector, and is provided with a mesh bracket, on which a plurality of nozzles are installed, the bracket is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shed, and the bracket is also provided with a plurality of nozzles, through which the dust between the sheds is muddied, of course, it can also be directly arranged on the water pipe 3, such as Figure 1 As shown, the water pipe 3 passes through the inner shed and the outer shed and is used to supply water to the inter-shed spray dust collector 8.

[0039] In this embodiment, a harmful gas monitor 6 is also installed on the ventilation opening 7 on the wall of the inner shed to record the concentration of harmful gases, which are further discharged into the return air channel through multi-stage local fans.

[0040] Therefore, the blasting smoke collection and dust removal equipment provided in this embodiment can effectively remove the rock powder generated by blasting through a multi-stage spray dust reduction system, and can also effectively treat polluted air.

[0041] Due to the poor ventilation effect of the blasting work surface, the rock temperature accumulates, resulting in high working surface temperature, poor working environment and reduced personnel efficiency. The blasting smoke collection and dust removal equipment provided in this embodiment has a multi-stage spray dust reduction system. The high-concentration saturated spray can cool the blasting work surface temperature to a certain extent, further improving the working environment of the staff.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, the sludge treatment tank 10 in this embodiment is arranged at the bottom of the support frame and moves with the movement of the support frame, and the top of the sludge treatment tank 10 is open, so that the dust sludged by the first to third spray dust collectors in the support frame can flow into the sludge treatment tank 10.

[0043] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a scale is provided on the sludge treatment tank 10, and a sludge pump 9 is connected to the sludge treatment tank 10. When the sludge in the sludge treatment tank 10 reaches 70% of the scale, the sludge is sucked out by the sludge pump 9 to keep the sludge tank from overflowing. In this way, the equipment not only purifies the air in the tunnel, but also avoids damage to the working environment of the tunnel due to the demister.

[0044] The following is a detailed description of the working method of the above-mentioned blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal equipment suitable for artificial rock drilling and blasting excavation. Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following process:

[0045] Before the blasting work, the blasting smoke collection and dust removal equipment in this example is moved to the blasting site in the tunnel to wait for the blasting;

[0046] After the blasting work is completed, the rock powder and blasting smoke generated in the tunnel enter the support frame from the open end of the support frame under the action of the impact force, and the speed is very fast. When the rock powder reaches the end of the support frame where the wire door is installed, the first demisting spray net on the wire door starts to work, and the dust is reduced and muddied through the first spray dust removal net; and the muddied rock powder will directly flow into the sludge treatment pool at the bottom of the support frame;

[0047] Furthermore, the second spray dust removal net located in the inner shed performs two-step mudification on the rock powder dispersed in the support frame, and the mudified rock powder also flows into the sludge treatment tank;

[0048] As the high-velocity blast smoke collection system in this embodiment starts to work, the gap between the inner shed and the outer shed is in a negative pressure zone. Since a number of vents are provided on the inner shed, a high-velocity wind curtain is formed between the inner shed and the outer shed. This can further allow the rock powder and blast smoke diffused in the support frame to enter the shed through the vents on the inner shed. On the one hand, the rock powder entering the shed can be reduced to dust and mud again by the third spray dust collector between the inner and outer sheds, and the muddied rock powder will flow along the outer wall of the inner wall to both sides of the gap and then enter the sludge treatment pool at the bottom of the support frame. On the other hand, the blast smoke entering the inner and outer sheds is discharged into the return air port through multi-stage local fans under the action of the high-velocity blast smoke collection system.

[0049] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the sludge collected in the sludge treatment tank will continue to increase. When it reaches the specified scale line on the sludge tank, the sludge pump connected to the sludge treatment tank will be started to clean the sludge.

[0050] By operating in this way, there will be no large area of ​​silt in the tunnel, which greatly improves the tunnel working environment. At the same time, it saves the process of cleaning the silt belt and improves work efficiency.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0052] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A working method of a blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal device for rock drilling and blasting, characterized in that: The equipment includes a support frame composed of an inner shed and an outer shed, one end of the support frame in the length direction is open, and the other end is provided with a dust removal net, a first spray dust collector is provided on the dust removal net, a second spray dust collector is provided in the inner shed, a gap is provided between the inner shed and the outer shed to form a cavity, both ends of the cavity are closed, and a third spray dust collector is provided in the cavity, a water pipe is passed between the inner shed and the outer shed, and the third spray dust collector is installed on the water pipe, a vent is provided on the wall of the inner shed, and also includes a gun smoke collection system, the gun smoke collection system is connected with the cavity, and can collect the gun smoke in the support frame along the ventilation holes on the wall of the inner shed into the cavity and discharge it to the return air lane, the gun smoke collection system includes a plurality of multi-stage exhaust local fans interconnected by pipelines, one end of the multi-stage exhaust local fan is connected with the cavity, and the other end is connected with the return air lane; The working method is to move the blasting smoke collection and dust removal equipment to the blasting site before blasting; After the blasting work is completed, the first spray dust collector on the end face of the support frame is used for preliminary spray dust reduction and mudification; the blast smoke collection system is controlled to draw the dispersed blast smoke and rock powder into the support frame and then into the gap between the sheds through the ventilation holes. At the same time, the second spray dust collector on the top of the inner shed performs two-step spray dust reduction and mudification on the dispersed rock powder; finally, the rock powder entering the cavity between the inner shed and the outer shed is sprayed again for dust reduction and mudification through the third spray dust collector, and the rock powder and blast smoke that have not been dusted and mudified are discharged into the return air channel.

2. The working method of the blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal equipment for rock drilling and blasting excavation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A sludge treatment pool is provided at the bottom of the support frame, and the sludge treatment pool is used to collect the rock powder muddied by the first to third spray dust collectors. The muddied rock powder and blasting smoke flow into the sludge treatment pool at the bottom of the support frame. The sludge treatment pool is connected to a sludge pump. When the sludge in the sludge treatment pool reaches the specified capacity, it is cleaned by the sludge pump.

3. The working method of the blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal equipment for rock drilling and blasting excavation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support frame is connected to the driving wheel.

4. The working method of the blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal equipment for rock drilling and blasting excavation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that ， It also includes a water pipe, which is connected to the first to third spray dust collectors respectively.

5. The working method of the blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal equipment for rock drilling and blasting excavation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner shed and the outer shed are both welded from steel parts, and the inside and outside of the inner shed and the outer shed are covered with iron sheets or geotextiles.

6. The working method of the blasting smoke collection and rock dust removal equipment for rock drilling and blasting excavation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting smoke collection system utilizes the Bernoulli principle to form a low-pressure area in the gap between the inner shed and the outer shed, so that the blasting smoke and rock powder dispersed on the working surface enter the support frame. Some of the blasting smoke and rock powder enter the shed through the ventilation holes on the inner shed wall, and are finally discharged into the return air channel through multi-stage local fans.

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