Pick assembly with wear sensing device, drum and shearer

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of pick assembly with wear sensing device, drum and coal winning machine, including pick collar, pick, fiber sensor and data acquisition equipment, pick is fixedly connected with pick collar by snap ring;Pick includes tooth head and pick matrix, tooth head is installed in the end surface recess of pick matrix, installation hole is opened along the central axis of pick matrix and tooth head, installation hole penetrates pick matrix and extends into tooth head;Fiber sensor is implanted in installation hole, tail end of fiber sensor is fixedly encapsulated with pick collar;Data acquisition equipment is communicatively connected with tail end of fiber sensor, and real-time sends the wear signal collected to monitoring terminal.Pick head and pick matrix can be effectively measured wear curve in time, realize the real-time tracking of pick wear state continuous change, assess the wear performance of pick and predict the abnormal damage of pick.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mining machinery technology, and particularly relates to a cutting tooth assembly with a wear sensing device, a drum, and a coal mining machine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the rapid development of industrialization, various mines have basically achieved mechanized or semi-mechanized mining operations. However, this has brought about corresponding machinery and tools that are compatible with large-scale industrial production. Among these, the most important mining tool is the fully mechanized coal mining machine. The drum of the coal mining machine is the key device for coal mining. The drum is installed at the end of the shearing arm of the coal mining machine. The drum penetrates into the coal seam to be mined and rotates. The cutting teeth on it mine the coal, and the mined coal flows to the output unit through the spiral channel of the drum. The drum drives the rotation, while the cutting teeth remain axially stationary relative to the cutting tooth collar and tooth seat. The cutting teeth rotate continuously at a low radial speed within the cutting tooth collar due to the mining operation. The cutting teeth are the core component of the drum for coal mining and rock breaking, and they are also consumable parts. Moreover, due to the harsh working conditions, the wear cycle varies depending on the geological conditions.

[0003] The current method for determining the wear level of cutting teeth is mainly through periodic inspections, and the cutting teeth are replaced when the wear level is found to be high.

[0004] Patent CN201620604307.7 discloses a coal mining machine cutting tooth device with wear detection function. It detects the wear state of the cutting tooth by setting blind holes on the cutting tooth base, connecting oil pipes at the holes, and connecting the oil pipes to the hydraulic system and collecting changes in oil pressure.

[0005] However, both manual inspection and monitoring of hydraulic signal changes can only detect the periodic wear condition of the cutting teeth. Moreover, periodic wear detection often intervenes late, focusing primarily on the cutting tooth substrate. Timely and effective measurement of the wear curves of the tooth tip and substrate, enabling real-time tracking of continuous changes in the wear condition of the cutting teeth, evaluating their wear performance, and predicting abnormal damage are pressing problems to be solved in current mining operations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a cutting tooth assembly, drum and coal mining machine with a wear sensing device, which can timely and effectively measure the wear curve of the tooth head and the cutting tooth base, realize real-time tracking of the continuous changes in the wear state of the cutting tooth, evaluate the wear performance of the cutting tooth and predict abnormal damage of the cutting tooth.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a cutting tooth assembly with a wear sensing device, comprising a cutting tooth collar, a cutting tooth, an optical fiber sensor, and a data acquisition device.

[0009] The cutting tooth and the cutting tooth collar are fixedly connected by a retaining ring;

[0010] The cutting tooth includes a tooth head and a cutting tooth base. The tooth head is installed in a groove on the end face of the cutting tooth base. A mounting hole is provided along the central axis of the cutting tooth base and the tooth head. The mounting hole penetrates the cutting tooth base and extends into the tooth head.

[0011] The fiber optic sensor is implanted in the mounting hole, and the tail end of the fiber optic sensor is encapsulated and fixed with the toothed collar.

[0012] The data acquisition device is communicatively connected to the tail end of the fiber optic sensor, and sends the acquired wear signals to the monitoring terminal in real time.

[0013] The fiber optic sensor includes an optical fiber and a sheath. The sheath is laminated with the optical fiber to form the fiber optic sensor through a micro-hole fixed-point glue injection process. The fiber optic sensor has sensing units set at different distance positions as measuring points.

[0014] The optical fiber has a diameter of 0.25–0.5 mm, and the outer diameter of the sheath is 2–3 mm.

[0015] The fiber optic sensor is implanted into the mounting hole via a fixing ring. The fixing ring is threadedly connected to the cutting tooth collar. The fiber optic sensor is inserted into the inner hole of the fixing ring. The tail end of the fiber optic sensor passes through the fixing ring and connects to the female connector. The fixing ring and the female connector fix the fiber optic sensor to achieve implantation.

[0016] The cutting tooth assembly also includes a quick connector. The tail end of the fiber optic sensor is fixedly connected to the quick connector via the female connector. The fiber optic sensor communicates with the data acquisition device via the quick connector. The insertion and removal of the fiber optic sensor are achieved by connecting and disconnecting the quick connector.

[0017] The sensing unit of the measuring point is a fiber optic grating measuring point, each sensing unit is 5mm long, and the interval between adjacent sensing units is 3-20mm.

[0018] The data acquisition device transmits an optical signal to the fiber optic sensor, receives the reflected optical signal from the measuring point, and analyzes the wavelength change of the reflected optical signal.

[0019] After the sensing unit at the measuring point is worn, the reflected light signal of the sensing unit disappears from the monitoring terminal, thereby measuring the wear state of the cutting tooth at the corresponding position of the sensing unit.

[0020] The wear state of the cutting tooth at the corresponding position of the sensing unit is displayed through the interface of the monitoring terminal. The interface is designed and configured with two modes: a basic mode and a composite mode.

[0021] In the basic mode, the wear state is calculated based on the measuring point length L and the measuring point spacing N. The formula for the wear length of the cutting tooth is:

[0022] L 磨损 =L1+L2+…Li+N1+N2+…N(i-1), where i is the measurement point number where the reflected signal disappears;

[0023] In the composite mode, the wear state is calculated based on the measuring point length L and the measuring point spacing N. The formula for the wear length of the cutting tooth is:

[0024] L 磨损 = (L1+L2+…Li+N1+N2+…N(i-1))+Ni*t / KT, where i is the measurement point number where the reflected signal disappears, t is the time elapsed since the reflected signal at the i-th measurement point just disappeared, T is the total Ni wear time preset by the system, and K is the time coefficient, which is related to the hardness of the coal seam.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides a coal mining machine drum, on which the aforementioned cutting tooth assembly is provided.

[0026] Thirdly, the present invention provides a coal mining machine, which includes the coal mining machine drum mentioned above.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, this invention can achieve timely and effective measurement of the wear curves of the cutting tooth head and the cutting tooth base, realize real-time tracking of continuous changes in the wear state of the cutting tooth, evaluate the wear performance of the cutting tooth and predict abnormal damage to the cutting tooth, improve operational safety, increase the working efficiency of the mining machine and reduce costs. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will become readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and like or corresponding reference numerals denote like or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing a cutting tooth assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a cutting tooth assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the cutting tooth according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a light sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sensing principle of an optical fiber sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the effect curve of broadband light entering the fiber optic sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the cutting tooth assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the monitoring of the cutting tooth assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between wear length and time in the basic mode of the cutting tooth assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the real-time wear state of the cutting tooth assembly in its basic mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between wear length and time in a composite mode of a cutting tooth assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1-Cutting tooth collar, 11-Clamping ring, 2-Cutting tooth, 21-Tooth head, 22-Cutting tooth base, 23-Mounting hole, 3-Fiber optic sensor, 31-Fiber optic cable, 32-Sheath, 33-Measuring point, 4-Data acquisition device, 5-Fixing ring, 61-Female connector, 62-Quick connector, 7-Tooth base, 8-Monitoring terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0043] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, and “multiple” generally includes at least two unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0044] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.

[0045] The optional embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a cutting tooth assembly with a wear sensing device includes a cutting tooth collar 1, a cutting tooth 2, an optical fiber sensor 3, and a data acquisition device 4.

[0048] The cutting tooth 2 and the cutting tooth collar 1 are fixedly connected by a retaining ring 11, which together fixes the cutting tooth 2 and the cutting tooth collar 1 to the tooth base 7. Specifically, the cutting tooth 2 and the cutting tooth collar 1 are fixedly connected by a first retaining ring groove located at the tail of the cutting tooth base 22 and a second retaining ring groove that mates with the corresponding position of the inner hole of the cutting tooth collar 1, and by a retaining ring 11 located within the first and second retaining ring grooves. This retaining ring 11 is a piston-type retaining ring.

[0049] A shaft retaining ring is provided on the outer side of the root of the cutting tooth collar 1. The shaft retaining ring connects the cutting tooth collar 1 and the tooth seat 7 together by cooperating with the end of the cutting tooth collar 1.

[0050] The cutting tooth 2 includes a tooth head 21 and a cutting tooth base 22. The tooth head 21 is installed in the end face groove of the cutting tooth base 22. The connection between the tooth head 21 and the cutting tooth base 22 can be fixed by thread or by welding, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0051] A mounting hole 23 is provided along the central axis of the cutting tooth base 22 and the tooth head 21. The mounting hole 23 penetrates the cutting tooth base 22 and extends into the tooth head 21. A fiber optic sensor 3 is inserted into the mounting hole 23, and the tail end of the fiber optic sensor 3 is encapsulated and fixed with the cutting tooth collar 1. The insertion of the fiber optic sensor 3 into the mounting hole 23 and the fixation of the tail end of the fiber optic sensor 3 with the cutting tooth collar 1 ensures that the extension of the mounting hole 23 into the tooth head 21 allows for real-time wear detection starting from the wear of the tooth head 21.

[0052] The data acquisition device 4 is communicatively connected to the tail end of the fiber optic sensor 3, and sends the acquired wear signal to the monitoring terminal 8 in real time.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment may further include the following:

[0055] See Figure 4 As shown, the fiber optic sensor 3 in this embodiment may include an optical fiber 31 and a sheath 32. The fiber optic sensor 3 has sensing units set at different distance positions as measuring points 33. The sheath 32 is laminated with the optical fiber 31 through a micro-hole fixed-point glue injection process to form the fiber optic sensor 3, which can ensure that the measuring points 33 do not affect each other during the wear process. Further, the diameter of the optical fiber 31 is 0.25-0.5mm, and the outer diameter of the sheath 32 is 2-3mm. The size of the sheath 32 is mainly to ensure that the diameter of the mounting hole 23 of the cutting tooth 2 should not be greater than 5mm, and to ensure that there is a certain gap between the sheath 32 and the optical fiber 31, so as to ensure that the rotation of the cutting tooth 2 does not affect the sheath 32. In addition, the material of the sheath 32 is 304 stainless steel. In this embodiment, in order to ensure the vertical state (implanted state) of the fiber optic sensor 3 under the condition that it is not constrained by the side wall of the cutting tooth 2, the surface of the sheath 32 is smooth and has a certain strength. Its smooth surface can reduce the friction with the side wall, so that it does not rotate with the cutting tooth 2.

[0056] Since the outer diameter of the sheath 32 is less than 5mm, the light sensor will not cause structural damage to the cutting tooth 2 during operation. Given that only the head carbide head and the outer peripheral surface and step of the cutting tooth 2 will be stressed during coal mining, the installation hole 23 with an inner diameter of 5mm on the central axis of the cutting tooth 2 will not have a mechanical or functional impact on the cutting tooth 2.

[0057] See Figures 3 to 5As shown, in one application scenario, the fiber optic sensor 3 of this embodiment is implanted into the mounting hole 23 through a fixing ring 5. The fixing ring 5 is threadedly connected to the cutting tooth collar 1. The fiber optic sensor 3 is inserted into the inner hole of the fixing ring 5, and the tail end of the fiber optic sensor 3 passes through the fixing ring 5 and connects to the female connector 61. The fixing ring 5 and the female connector 61 are fixed to realize the implantation of the fiber optic sensor 3. Specifically, the implantation process of the fiber optic sensor 3 in this embodiment includes: bonding the fiber optic cable 31 and the sheath 32 into an integrated fiber optic sensor 3; then passing the finished fiber optic sensor 3 through the fixing ring 5, which is connected and fixed to the female connector 61 through its inner hole; then inserting the fiber optic sensor 3, which is integrated with the fixing ring 5 and the female connector 61, into the cutting tooth collar 1 from the bottom and fixing it in the cutting tooth collar 1; inserting the cutting tooth 2 into the cutting tooth collar 1 from the top, so that the fiber optic sensor 3 is inserted into the mounting hole 23 of the cutting tooth 2, and the cutting tooth 2 and the cutting tooth collar 1 are integrated. At this point, the cutting tooth 2, the fiber optic sensor 3 (including the fixing ring 5 and the female connector 61), and the cutting tooth collar 1 are assembled as a single unit, thus completing the secondary encapsulation of the cutting tooth 2. During operation, the cutting tooth 2 rotates, while the fiber optic sensor 3 and the cutting tooth collar 1 remain relatively stationary. The cutting tooth 2 will experience wear due to manufacturing processes. When it wears down to the position of the fiber optic sensor 3, the optical fiber 31 will be rapidly worn down along with the tooth tip 21 and the cutting tooth base 22. The degree of wear on the cutting tooth 2 can be determined based on the degree of wear on the optical fiber 31.

[0058] This embodiment of the cutting tooth assembly also includes a quick connector 62. The tail end of the fiber optic sensor 3 is fixedly connected to the quick connector 62 via a female connector 61. The insertion and removal of the fiber optic sensor 3 can be achieved by connecting and disconnecting the quick connector 62 and the female connector 61. In one application scenario, when the cutting tooth 2 needs to be replaced, the quick connector 62 and the retaining ring 11 can be removed simultaneously to extract the cutting tooth 2 and the worn fiber optic sensor 3. A new cutting tooth 2 with the fiber optic sensor 3 encapsulated is installed, and the quick connector 62 and the female connector 61 are reconnected to complete the replacement of the cutting tooth 2, and the coal mining machine can be restarted.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment may further include the following:

[0061] like Figure 5-8As shown, the fiber optic sensor 3 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition device 4 via a quick connector 62. The data acquisition device 4 transmits optical signals to the fiber optic sensor 3, and the various measuring points 33 on the fiber optic cable 31 reflect these signals. The data acquisition device 4 receives the reflected optical signals from each measuring point 33 and sends them to the monitoring terminal 8 to display the wear status of the cutting tooth 2 in real time. The fiber optic sensor 3 transmits optical signals, ensuring stable and reliable transmission and effectively enabling the cutting tooth 2 to adapt to harsh underground working environments. In particular, it ensures stable testing in a water environment and is unaffected by electromagnetic signals generated during the operation of the coal mining machine.

[0062] The fiber optic sensor 3 utilizes the photosensitivity of fiber optic materials—specifically, the interaction between incident photons and germanium ions within the fiber 31—to create a permanent change in refractive index, forming a spatial phase grating within the fiber 31. This alters and controls the propagation behavior of light within it. Its refractive index exhibits a fixed, periodically modulated distribution along the fiber axis, making it a uniform grating with excellent wavelength selectivity. For example... Figure 6 As shown in curves B, C, and D, when broadband light enters the optical fiber, incident light of a specific wavelength is coupled and reflected at the grating, while light of other wavelengths passes through unaffected. The reflection spectrum is located at the center wavelength λ of the optical fiber sensor 3. B A peak appears at that location.

[0063] like Figure 6 As shown in the C-curve graph, the fiber optic sensor 3 reflects light of a specific wavelength, which satisfies the following condition, Equation 1:

[0064] λ B =2n eff Formula 1

[0065] In the formula, λ B n is the center wavelength of the reflected light; eff Λ represents the effective refractive index of the fiber core; Λ represents the spatial period of the fiber grating refractive index modulation.

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown in the A-curve, changes in external stress and temperature cause variations in the refractive index and grating pitch, resulting in changes in the wavelength λ of the fiber optic sensor. B The shift satisfies the linear relationship, Formula 2:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, Δλ is the wavelength change of the fiber optic sensor, ε is the axial strain of the fiber, ΔT is the temperature change, and P... ε Here, α is the photoelastic coefficient of the fiber, ζ is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber, and ζ is the thermo-optic coefficient of the fiber. The fiber optic sensor achieves a wavelength demodulation accuracy of 1 pm, corresponding to a strain measurement accuracy of approximately 1 micro-strain, and a temperature demodulation accuracy of 0.1℃.

[0069] In one application scenario, the optical fiber 31 of this embodiment has sensing units arranged at different distance positions (measuring points 33). When the optical fiber sensor 3 is in an unworn state, each measuring point 33 generates a reflected signal. When the sensing unit at measuring point 33 is worn, the feedback sensing signal (optical signal) from the sensing unit at that location disappears. Based on the disappearance of the feedback sensing signal (position and length of measuring point 33), the wear state of the cutting tooth 2 is measured in real time. The optical fiber sensor 3 of this embodiment is processed in multiple stages, enabling the monitoring of different stages and degrees of wear on the cutting tooth 2, as well as the wear rate. This allows for real-time tracking of the continuous changes in the wear state of the cutting tooth 2, evaluation of its wear performance, and prediction of abnormal damage. Because the fiber optic sensor 3 in this embodiment is a multi-stage sensor, the reliability of wear monitoring is significantly increased. Furthermore, since the fiber optic cable 31 wears down along with the cutting tooth 2 to provide feedback on the wear amount of the cutting tooth 2, even if the cutting tooth 2 breaks abnormally without damaging the optical sensing function of the fiber optic cable 31, the exposed part of the fiber optic cable 31 will be rapidly worn down by the large amount of coal and sand in the coal mining environment, thus enabling the fiber optic sensor 3 to accurately provide feedback on the wear amount of the cutting tooth 2.

[0070] In this embodiment, multiple fiber optic sensors 3 are installed and connected to the data acquisition device 4, and finally connected to the monitoring terminal 8 to form a networked monitoring system. The test demodulation system in the detection terminal is modularized. Through the processing of the test demodulation system, the wear signal can be displayed on the monitoring terminal 8 in the form of wear percentage.

[0071] The wear status of the cutting tooth 2 at the corresponding position of the sensing unit is displayed on the interface of the monitoring terminal, such as... Figure 9-11 As shown, the interface display of the cutting tooth wear status output terminal will be designed and configured with two interface display modes: one is the basic mode, and the other is the composite mode.

[0072] Basic mode:

[0073] like Figure 9 As shown, the wear state is calculated based on the measuring point length L and the distance N between adjacent measuring points. When the reflected signal of the first measuring point disappears, the wear length of the cutting tooth is L1. When the reflected signal of the i-th measuring point disappears, the wear length of the cutting tooth is L. 磨损 =L1+L2+…Li+N1+N2+…N(i-1). This is the precise wear length value and position monitoring.

[0074] The basic mode displays the wear status of the cutting tooth according to the wear segment / proportional segment. The initial state is displayed as a green bar. Depending on the required monitoring accuracy, several levels of fiber optic sensing units are designed and manufactured, corresponding to the number of bar levels. Specifically, only after wear occurs at the measuring point of a specific fiber optic sensing unit, the disappearance of the reflected signal is used as a reference. The demodulator outputs and displays a state where the cutting tooth is completely worn out at the output terminal. For example... Figure 10 As shown, five sensing units are set up for the fiber optic sensor. When the first point is worn and the reflected signal disappears, the wear level of the five levels / segments in the basic mode interface shows that 20% wear is complete (the top block of the cutter number 1# changes from green to gray and displays the number 20%). The adjacent 20%-40% segment bars turn yellow, indicating that the wear process is in progress. At this time, the remaining 60% bars remain green, indicating that wear has not yet begun. This mode does not display the real-time wear status within the distance between adjacent measuring points.

[0075] Composite mode:

[0076] like Figure 11 As shown, the wear state is calculated based on the length L of the measuring point and the distance N between adjacent measuring points. When the reflected signal of the first measuring point disappears, the wear length of the cutting tooth is L1. When the reflected signal of the i-th measuring point disappears, the wear length of the cutting tooth is L1+L2+…Li+N1+N2+…N(i-1). From the disappearance of the reflected signal at the i-th measuring point, after time t and before the disappearance of the reflected signal at the (n+1)-th measuring point, the wear length of the cutting tooth is L. 磨损 =(L1+L2+…Li+N1+N2+…N(i-1))+Ni*t / KT,

[0077] t represents the time elapsed since the reflected signal at the nth measuring point just disappeared, in minutes.

[0078] T represents the system's preset total Ni wear time, in minutes.

[0079] K represents the time coefficient, which is related to the hardness of the coal seam.

[0080] This output interface display mode takes the working environment, i.e., the coal seam hardness level, into account in the interface program, which can be divided into three levels: soft coal, medium-hard coal, and hard coal. Each of these three levels has three preset time coefficients, which represent the wear rate. Based on this mode, the interface output will display the specific wear status in real time. Due to the differences in various working conditions, there will be some accuracy error, but this error is controllable and meets the needs of practical applications.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] A coal mining machine drum is provided, on which the cutting tooth assembly of the above embodiment is provided.

[0083] Example 5

[0084] A coal mining machine is provided, which includes the coal mining machine drum of the above embodiment four.

[0085] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above to make the spirit of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, and are not intended to limit the present invention. All modifications, substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope summarized by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cutting tooth assembly with a wear sensing device, comprising a cutting tooth collar (1), a cutting tooth (2), an optical fiber sensor (3), and a data acquisition device (4), characterized in that, The cutting tooth (2) and the cutting tooth collar (1) are fixedly connected by a retaining ring (11); The cutting tooth (2) includes a tooth head (21) and a cutting tooth base (22). The tooth head (21) is installed in the end face groove of the cutting tooth base (22). A mounting hole (23) is provided along the central axis of the cutting tooth base (22) and the tooth head (21). The mounting hole (23) penetrates the cutting tooth base (22) and extends into the tooth head (21). The fiber optic sensor (3) is implanted in the mounting hole (23), and the tail end of the fiber optic sensor (3) is encapsulated and fixed with the cutting tooth collar (1). The fiber optic sensor (3) is set with sensing units at different distance positions as measuring points (33). The data acquisition device (4) is connected to the tail end of the fiber optic sensor (3) and sends the acquired wear signal to the monitoring terminal (8) in real time. The fiber optic sensor (3) is implanted into the mounting hole (23) through a fixing ring (5). The fixing ring (5) is threadedly connected to the cutting tooth collar (1). The fiber optic sensor (3) is installed in the inner hole of the fixing ring (5). The tail end of the fiber optic sensor (3) passes through the fixing ring (5) and is connected to the female connector (61). The fixing ring (5) and the female connector (61) fix the implantation of the fiber optic sensor (3). When the cutting tooth (2) is in operation, the cutting tooth (2) rotates, and the fiber optic sensor (3) remains relatively stationary with the cutting tooth collar (1); The cutting tooth assembly also includes a quick connector (62). The tail end of the fiber optic sensor (3) is fixedly connected to the quick connector (62) through a female connector (61). The fiber optic sensor (3) can be implanted and removed by connecting and disconnecting the quick connector (62) and the female connector (61). When replacing the cutting tooth (2), remove the quick connector (62) and the retaining ring (11), and simultaneously pull out the cutting tooth (2) and the worn fiber optic sensor (3); install a new cutting tooth (2) that has been packaged with the fiber optic sensor (3), and reconnect the quick connector (62) and the female connector (61) to complete the replacement of the cutting tooth (2).

2. The cutting tooth assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic sensor (3) includes an optical fiber (31) and a sheath (32). The sheath (32) is laminated with the optical fiber (31) to form the fiber optic sensor (3) through a micro-hole fixed-point glue injection process.

3. The cutting tooth assembly as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The optical fiber (31) has a diameter of 0.25~0.5mm, and the outer diameter of the sheath (32) is 2~3mm.

4. The cutting tooth assembly as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sensing unit of the measuring point (33) is a fiber optic grating measuring point, each of the sensing units is 5mm long, and the interval between adjacent sensing units is 3-20mm.

5. The cutting tooth assembly as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition device (4) transmits an optical signal to the fiber optic sensor (3), receives the reflected optical signal from the measuring point (33), and analyzes the wavelength change of the reflected optical signal. After the sensing unit of the measuring point (33) is worn, the monitoring terminal (8) detects the disappearance of the reflected light signal of the sensing unit, thereby measuring the wear state of the cutting tooth (2) at the corresponding position of the sensing unit.

6. The cutting tooth assembly as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The wear state of the cutting tooth (2) at the corresponding position of the sensing unit is displayed through the interface of the monitoring terminal (8). The interface is designed and configured in two modes: a basic mode and a composite mode. In the basic mode, the wear state is calculated based on the measuring point length L and the measuring point spacing N. The formula for the wear length of the cutting tooth is: L 磨损 =L1+L2+…Li+N1+N2+…N(i-1), where i is the measurement point number where the reflected signal disappears; In the composite mode, the wear state is calculated based on the measuring point length L and the measuring point spacing N. The formula for the wear length of the cutting tooth is: L 磨损 =(L1+L2+…Li + N1+N2+…N(i-1))+Ni*t / KT, where i is the measurement point number where the reflected signal disappears, t is the time elapsed since the reflected signal at the i-th measurement point just disappeared, T is the total Ni wear time preset by the system, and K is the time coefficient, which is related to the hardness of the coal seam.

7. A coal mining machine drum, wherein the coal mining machine drum is provided with a cutting tooth assembly as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A coal mining machine, comprising the drum as described in claim 7.

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