A welding device for an automatic variable diameter roll welding machine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a welding device for an automatic variable diameter roll welding machine, and relates to the technical field of automatic variable diameter roll welding machines. The present invention comprises a transformer, a reduction motor, a carriage frame, a first carriage seat, and a wire guide frame. A second pressure cap is fixed to one end of the top of the first carriage seat by bolts, and a first carriage pressure cap is fixed to the other end of the top of the first carriage seat by bolts. The present invention can effectively control the movement of the carriage frame through a moving mechanism, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically controlling the welding distance. The swinging amplitude of the outer welding swing plate and the inner welding swing plate can be controlled through a swinging mechanism. The swinging frequency of the outer welding swing plate and the inner welding swing plate can be detected through a sensor. The heat generated during the welding process can be reduced through a soft water pipe when the device is in operation. The wire guide frame and the wire guide wheel ensure that the steel wire is aligned with the guide grooves of the outer conductive plate and the outer guide plate, making the wire welding more secure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic variable diameter roll welding machines, and in particular relates to a welding device for automatic variable diameter roll welding machines. Background Art

[0002] Seam welding, also known as girth welding, uses a pair of roller electrodes instead of the cylindrical electrodes used in spot welding. The workpieces move between the rollers, creating a sealed weld seam with overlapping nuggets. It typically uses AC pulsed or amplitude-modulated current, but can also utilize three-phase (single-phase) rectified, medium-frequency, or high-frequency DC current. Seam welding is widely used for welding thin sheets such as oil drums, cans, radiators, aircraft and automobile fuel tanks, and sealed containers in rockets and missiles. Typical weld thicknesses are within 3mm per sheet. However, existing seam welding machines lack automatic control of the weld distance, requiring manual adjustment when necessary. Furthermore, the swing frame's oscillation frequency cannot be effectively controlled. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a welding device for an automatic variable diameter seam welding machine to solve the existing problem: in the existing seam welding machine, the welding distance cannot be automatically controlled well, resulting in the need for manual adjustment when the welding distance needs to be controlled, and the frequency of the swing frame swing cannot be well controlled.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A welding device for an automatic variable diameter seam welding machine, comprising a transformer, a reduction motor, a carriage frame, a first carriage seat, and a wire guide frame, wherein a second pressure cap is fixed to one end of the top of the first carriage seat by bolts, and a first carriage pressure cap is fixed to the other end of the top of the first carriage seat by bolts, and a moving mechanism for lateral movement of the carriage frame is installed on the top of the first carriage seat;

[0005] A fixed support plate is welded to one end of the drag plate frame, an L-shaped fixing bracket is provided at one end of the fixed support plate, a transverse column is further provided at one end of the transverse column, a rotating bolt is fixed to one end of the transverse column, an outer welded swing plate and an inner welded swing plate are rotatably connected to the inner welded swing plate at one end of the L-shaped fixing bracket, the outer welded swing plate and the inner welded swing plate are both rotatably connected to the rotating bolt, and a swing mechanism for controlling the swing amplitude of the outer welded swing plate and the inner welded swing plate is provided at one end of the fixed support plate;

[0006] An external welding electrode mechanism is installed at one end of the external welding swing plate, and an internal welding electrode mechanism is installed at one end of the internal welding swing plate for welding the steel wire.

[0007] Furthermore, the moving mechanism includes a reduction motor, the reduction motor is bolted to one end of the second pressure cover, a coupling is fixed to the output end of the reduction motor, a screw rod is provided at one end of the coupling, a nut is provided at the bottom of the drag plate frame, and the nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the screw rod passes through the interior of the second gland and is rotatably connected to the second gland via a bearing, so that the screw rod can rotate inside the second gland while passing through the second gland.

[0009] Furthermore, carriage seat pressure plates for limiting the movement of the carriage frame are installed on both sides of the first carriage seat, and the carriage seat pressure plates are slidably connected to the carriage frame.

[0010] Furthermore, the swing mechanism includes two cylinders, both of which are arranged at one end of the fixed support plate, and the output ends of the two cylinders are respectively connected to the outer welded swing plate and the inner welded swing plate for rotation;

[0011] A shaft sleeve is provided inside the outer welded swing plate and the inner welded swing plate, and the outer welded swing plate and the shaft sleeve, as well as the inner welded swing plate and the shaft sleeve are rotatably connected via a first bearing;

[0012] A swing shaft is fixed inside the shaft sleeve, and the L-shaped fixing frame is welded to the swing shaft, so that the outer welded swing plate and the inner welded swing plate can rotate inside the L-shaped fixing frame;

[0013] The cylinder and the fixed support plate, the cylinder and the inner welded swing plate, the cylinder and the outer welded swing plate, the rotating bolt and the outer welded swing plate, and the rotating bolt and the inner welded swing plate are all rotatably connected through pins.

[0014] Furthermore, a sensor fixing plate is provided on the top of the L-shaped fixing frame, a sensor signal plate is provided on the top of the sensor fixing plate, one end of the sensor signal plate is fixedly connected to the external welded swing plate, and a sensor is installed on one side of the sensor fixing plate, and the sensor is used to detect the swing frequency of the external welded swing plate and the internal welded swing plate.

[0015] Furthermore, one end of the outer welding swing plate and the inner welding swing plate are respectively fixed with an insulating sleeve by bolts, one end of the insulating sleeve is fixed with an insulating plate, and one end of the insulating plate is fixed with a conductive copper plate with a tube;

[0016] The external welding electrode mechanism includes an external guide plate and an external conductive plate, wherein the external conductive plate is located on the top of the external guide plate, and both the external conductive plate and the external guide plate are fixed to the surface of the conductive copper plate with a tube at one end of the external welding swing plate;

[0017] The inner welding electrode mechanism includes an inner guide plate and an inner conductive plate, wherein the inner guide plate is located on the top of the inner conductive plate, and the inner conductive plate and the inner guide plate are both fixed to the surface of the conductive copper plate with a tube at one end of the inner welding swing plate;

[0018] The external welding electrode mechanism and the external welding swing plate are connected via an insulating plate and an insulating sleeve, which is used to reduce the current entering the interior of the external welding swing plate;

[0019] The inner welding electrode mechanism and the inner welding swing plate are connected via an insulating sleeve and an insulating plate, so as to reduce the current entering into the inner welding swing plate.

[0020] Furthermore, a transformer is fixed on the top of the drag frame, and an outer conductive copper plate and an inner conductive copper plate are respectively installed on both sides of one end of the transformer, one end of the outer conductive copper plate and the inner conductive copper plate are fixed with conductive copper foil, and one end of the conductive copper foil is fixed with a U-shaped conductive plate, and the outer welding electrode mechanism and the inner conductive copper plate, as well as the inner welding electrode mechanism and the outer conductive copper plate, are connected through the conductive copper foil and the U-shaped conductive plate.

[0021] Furthermore, a soft water pipe is provided on the top of the conductive copper plate with tubes, and the soft water pipe and the conductive copper plate with tubes are fixedly connected by a clamp.

[0022] Furthermore, the steel wire guide frame is fixed to one end of the drag plate frame through a cross bar, and steel wire guide wheels are evenly installed on one end of the steel wire guide frame for guiding the direction of the steel wire during the production process.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention can effectively control the movement of the drag plate frame through the moving mechanism, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically controlling the welding distance. The swinging amplitude of the outer welding swing plate and the inner welding swing plate can be controlled through the swinging mechanism. The swinging frequency of the outer welding swing plate and the inner welding swing plate can be detected through the sensor.

[0025] 2. The present invention uses a soft water pipe to reduce the heat generated during the welding process when the device is in operation, thereby extending the service life of the equipment. The wire guide frame and the wire guide wheel can guide the direction of the wire during the production process, so that the wire is consistent with the guide groove of the outer conductive plate and the outer guide plate, making the wire welding more secure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention as a whole;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a front view of the structure of the present invention as a whole;

[0029] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the U-shaped conductive plate and the conductive copper sheet of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the swing shaft and the shaft sleeve of the present invention.

[0033] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows:

[0034] 1. Fixed support plate; 2. L-shaped fixing frame; 3. Transformer; 4. Externally welded swing plate; 5. Internally welded swing plate; 6. Swing shaft; 7. Bushing; 8. Sensor signal board; 9. Sensor fixing plate; 10. Insulation plate; 11. Insulation sleeve; 12. Conductive copper plate with tube; 13. Inner conductive plate; 14. Inner guide plate; 15. Outer guide plate; 16. Outer conductive plate; 17. U-shaped conductive plate; 18. Conductive copper sheet; 19. Outer conductive copper plate; 20. Inner conductive copper plate; 21. Reducer motor; 22. Wire guide frame; 23. Wire guide pulley; 24. Cylinder; 25. First carriage seat; 26. Carriage seat pressure plate; 27. First carriage gland; 28. Carriage frame; 29. ​​Screw; 30. Nut; 31. Coupling; 32. Second gland; 33. Rotating bolt; 34. First bearing; 35. Soft water pipe; 36. Clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] See also Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention is an automatic variable diameter seam welding device, comprising a transformer 3, a reduction motor 21, a carriage frame 28, a first carriage seat 25 and a wire guide frame 22. One end of the top of the first carriage seat 25 is bolted to a second pressure cap 32, and the other end of the top of the first carriage seat 25 is bolted to a first carriage pressure cap 27. A moving mechanism for lateral movement of the carriage frame 28 is installed on the top of the first carriage seat 25.

[0037] The moving mechanism includes a reduction motor 21, which is bolted to one end of the second gland 32. A coupling 31 is fixed to the output end of the reduction motor 21. A screw rod 29 is provided at one end of the coupling 31. A nut 30 is provided at the bottom of the carriage 28. The nut 30 is threadedly connected to the screw rod 29.

[0038] Specifically, the screw rod 29 passes through the interior of the second gland 32 and is rotatably connected to the second gland 32 via a bearing, so that the screw rod 29 can rotate inside the second gland 32 while passing through the second gland 32;

[0039] Specifically, a carriage seat pressure plate 26 for limiting the movement of the carriage frame 28 is installed on both sides of the first carriage seat 25. The carriage seat pressure plate 26 is slidably connected to the carriage frame 28, allowing the carriage frame 28 to slide on the top of the first carriage seat 25 under the limitation of the two carriage seat pressure plates 26.

[0040] Here, the operation of the reduction motor 21 can rotate the screw rod 29. The rotation of the screw rod 29 is connected to the nut 30 through the thread, so that the carriage frame 28 can slide on the top of the first carriage seat 25 under the limit of the two carriage seat pressure plates 26, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically controlling the welding distance.

[0041] See also Figure 1-2 as well as Figure 6 As shown, a fixed support plate 1 is welded to one end of the carriage frame 28, an L-shaped fixing frame 2 is provided at one end of the fixed support plate 1, a transverse column is further provided at one end of the transverse column, a rotating bolt 33 is fixed to one end of the transverse column, an outer welded swing plate 4 and an inner welded swing plate 5 are internally rotatably connected to one end of the L-shaped fixing frame 2, the outer welded swing plate 4 and the inner welded swing plate 5 are both rotatably connected to the rotating bolt 33, and a swing mechanism for controlling the swing amplitude of the outer welded swing plate 4 and the inner welded swing plate 5 is provided at one end of the fixed support plate 1;

[0042] The swing mechanism includes two cylinders 24, both of which are arranged at one end of the fixed support plate 1, and the output ends of the two cylinders 24 are respectively connected to the outer welded swing plate 4 and the inner welded swing plate 5 for rotation;

[0043] Specifically, a shaft sleeve 7 is provided inside the outer welded swing plate 4 and the inner welded swing plate 5, and the outer welded swing plate 4 and the shaft sleeve 7 as well as the inner welded swing plate 5 and the shaft sleeve 7 are rotatably connected via a first bearing 34;

[0044] The inner part of the shaft sleeve 7 is fixed with a swing shaft 6, and the L-shaped fixing frame 2 is welded to the swing shaft 6, thereby enabling the outer welded swing plate 4 and the inner welded swing plate 5 to rotate inside the L-shaped fixing frame 2;

[0045] Specifically, the cylinder 24 and the fixed support plate 1, the cylinder 24 and the inner welded swing plate 5, the cylinder 24 and the outer welded swing plate 4, the rotating bolt 33 and the outer welded swing plate 4, and the rotating bolt 33 and the inner welded swing plate 5 are all rotatably connected by pins;

[0046] See also Figure 1-4 As shown, specifically, a sensor fixing plate 9 is further provided on the top of the L-shaped fixing frame 2, and a sensor signal plate 8 is provided on the top of the sensor fixing plate 9. One end of the sensor signal plate 8 is fixedly connected to the outer welded swing plate 4, and a sensor is installed on one side of the sensor fixing plate 9. The sensor is used to detect the swing frequency of the outer welded swing plate 4 and the inner welded swing plate 5;

[0047] Here, the operation of the cylinder 24 enables the outer welding swing plate 4 and the inner welding swing plate 5 to rotate inside the L-shaped fixing frame 2, thereby causing the outer welding swing plate 4 and the inner welding swing plate 5 to swing inside the L-shaped fixing frame 2. A sensor is installed on one side of the sensor fixing plate 9 to detect the frequency of the swing of the outer welding swing plate 4 and the inner welding swing plate 5.

[0048] See also Figure 1-5 As shown, one end of the outer welding swing plate 4 is mounted with an outer welding electrode mechanism, and one end of the inner welding swing plate 5 is mounted with an inner welding electrode mechanism for welding the steel wire;

[0049] Specifically, one end of the outer welding swing plate 4 and the inner welding swing plate 5 are respectively fixed with an insulating sleeve 11 by bolts, one end of the insulating sleeve 11 is fixed with an insulating plate 10, and one end of the insulating plate 10 is fixed with a conductive copper plate 12 with a tube;

[0050] The outer welding electrode mechanism includes an outer guide plate 15 and an outer conductive plate 16. The outer conductive plate 16 is located on the top of the outer guide plate 15. The outer conductive plate 16 and the outer guide plate 15 are both fixed to the surface of the conductive copper plate 12 with a tube at one end of the outer welding swing plate 4.

[0051] The inner welding electrode mechanism includes an inner guide plate 14 and an inner conductive plate 13. The inner guide plate 14 is located on the top of the inner conductive plate 13. The inner conductive plate 13 and the inner guide plate 14 are both fixed to the surface of the conductive copper plate 12 with a tube at one end of the inner welding swing plate 5.

[0052] The external welding electrode mechanism and the external welding swing plate 4 are connected via the insulating plate 10 and the insulating sleeve 11, thereby reducing the current entering the interior of the external welding swing plate 4;

[0053] The inner welding electrode mechanism and the inner welding swing plate 5 are connected via the insulating sleeve 11 and the insulating plate 10, thereby reducing the current entering the inner welding swing plate 5;

[0054] See also Figure 1-4 As shown, a transformer 3 is fixed on the top of the carriage 28, and an outer conductive copper plate 19 and an inner conductive copper plate 20 are respectively installed on both sides of one end of the transformer 3. A conductive copper sheet 18 is fixed to one end of each of the outer conductive copper plate 19 and the inner conductive copper plate 20. A U-shaped conductive plate 17 is fixed to one end of the conductive copper sheet 18. The outer welding electrode mechanism and the inner conductive copper plate 20, as well as the inner welding electrode mechanism and the outer conductive copper plate 19, are connected via the conductive copper sheet 18 and the U-shaped conductive plate 17.

[0055] Here, the transformer 3 passes the current through the outer conductive copper plate 19 and the inner conductive copper plate 20 and through the conductive copper sheet 18 and the U-shaped conductive plate 17 so that the outer welding electrode mechanism and the inner welding electrode mechanism are energized and the steel wire is welded;

[0056] A soft water pipe 35 is provided on the top of the conductive copper plate 12 with a tube;

[0057] See also Figure 3-4 As shown, specifically, the soft water pipe 35 is fixedly connected to the conductive copper plate with a tube 12 by a clamp 36, and the lower pipe opening of the soft water pipe 35 is connected to the water tank through a water pipe, which can reduce the heat generated during the welding process when the device is in operation, thereby extending the service life of the equipment;

[0058] See also Figure 1-2 As shown, the wire guide frame 22 is fixed to one end of the drag plate frame 28 through a cross bar, and wire guide wheels 23 are evenly installed on one end of the wire guide frame 22 to guide the direction of the steel wire during the production process so that the steel wire is consistent with the guide groove of the outer conductive plate 16 and the outer guide plate 15, making the steel wire welding more secure.

[0059] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "example," or "specific example" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0060] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are intended only to help illustrate the present invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the present invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible based on the content of this specification. These embodiments are selected and described in detail in this specification to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the present invention. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic variable diameter seam welding machine welding device, comprising a transformer (3), a reduction motor (21), a carriage frame (28), a first carriage seat (25) and a wire guide frame (22), characterized in that: A second pressure cover (32) is fixed to one end of the top of the first carriage seat (25) by bolts, a first carriage pressure cover (27) is fixed to the other end of the top of the first carriage seat (25) by bolts, and a moving mechanism for the carriage frame (28) to move laterally is installed on the top of the first carriage seat (25); One end of the drag plate frame (28) is welded with a fixed support plate (1), one end of the fixed support plate (1) is provided with an L-shaped fixed frame (2), one end of the fixed support plate (1) is further provided with a transverse column, one end of the transverse column is fixed with a rotating bolt (33), one end of the L-shaped fixed frame (2) is internally rotatably connected with an outer welded swing plate (4) and an inner welded swing plate (5), the outer welded swing plate (4) and the inner welded swing plate (5) are both rotatably connected to the rotating bolt (33), and one end of the fixed support plate (1) is provided with a swing mechanism for controlling the swing amplitude of the outer welded swing plate (4) and the inner welded swing plate (5); One end of the outer welding swing plate (4) is equipped with an outer welding electrode mechanism, and one end of the inner welding swing plate (5) is equipped with an inner welding electrode mechanism for welding the steel wire; The swing mechanism comprises two cylinders (24), both of which are arranged at one end of the fixed support plate (1), and the output ends of the two cylinders (24) are respectively connected to the outer welded swing plate (4) and the inner welded swing plate (5) for rotation; A shaft sleeve (7) is provided inside the outer welded swing plate (4) and the inner welded swing plate (5), and the outer welded swing plate (4) and the shaft sleeve (7) as well as the inner welded swing plate (5) and the shaft sleeve (7) are rotatably connected via a first bearing (34); A swing shaft (6) is fixed inside the shaft sleeve (7), and the L-shaped fixing frame (2) and the swing shaft (6) are connected by welding; The cylinder (24) and the fixed support plate (1), the cylinder (24) and the inner welded swing plate (5), the cylinder (24) and the outer welded swing plate (4), the rotating bolt (33) and the outer welded swing plate (4), and the rotating bolt (33) and the inner welded swing plate (5) are all rotatably connected via pins; A sensor fixing plate (9) is further provided on the top of the L-shaped fixing frame (2), a sensor signal plate (8) is provided on the top of the sensor fixing plate (9), one end of the sensor signal plate (8) is fixedly connected to the outer welded swing plate (4), and a sensor is installed on one side of the sensor fixing plate (9), the sensor being used to detect the swing frequency of the outer welded swing plate (4) and the inner welded swing plate (5); One end of the outer welded swing plate (4) and the inner welded swing plate (5) are respectively fixed with an insulating sleeve (11) by bolts, one end of the insulating sleeve (11) is fixed with an insulating plate (10), and one end of the insulating plate (10) is fixed with a conductive copper plate with a tube (12); The external welding electrode mechanism comprises an external guide plate (15) and an external conductive plate (16), wherein the external conductive plate (16) is located on the top of the external guide plate (15), and the external conductive plate (16) and the external guide plate (15) are both fixed to the surface of the conductive copper plate (12) with a tube at one end of the external welding swing plate (4); The inner welding electrode mechanism comprises an inner guide plate (14) and an inner conductive plate (13), wherein the inner guide plate (14) is located on the top of the inner conductive plate (13), and the inner conductive plate (13) and the inner guide plate (14) are both fixed to the surface of the conductive copper plate (12) with a tube at one end of the inner welding swing plate (5); The external welding electrode mechanism and the external welding swing plate (4) are connected via an insulating plate (10) and an insulating sleeve (11), so as to reduce the current entering the interior of the external welding swing plate (4); The inner welding electrode mechanism and the inner welding swing plate (5) are connected via an insulating sleeve (11) and an insulating plate (10), thereby reducing the current entering the interior of the inner welding swing plate (5).

2. The welding device of the automatic variable diameter seam welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism includes a reduction motor (21), the reduction motor (21) is bolted to one end of the second gland (32), a coupling (31) is fixed to the output end of the reduction motor (21), a screw rod (29) is provided at one end of the coupling (31), and a nut (30) is provided at the bottom of the carriage (28), and the nut (30) is threadedly connected to the screw rod (29).

3. The welding device of the automatic variable diameter seam welding machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screw rod (29) passes through the interior of the second gland (32) and is rotatably connected to the second gland (32) via a bearing.

4. The welding device of the automatic variable diameter seam welding machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both sides of the first carriage seat (25) are also provided with carriage seat pressure plates (26) for limiting the movement of the carriage frame (28), and the carriage seat pressure plates (26) are slidably connected to the carriage frame (28).

5. The welding device of an automatic variable diameter seam welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transformer (3) is fixed on the top of the drag plate frame (28), and an outer conductive copper plate (19) and an inner conductive copper plate (20) are respectively installed on both sides of one end of the transformer (3), and one end of each of the outer conductive copper plate (19) and the inner conductive copper plate (20) is fixed with a conductive copper sheet (18), and one end of the conductive copper sheet (18) is fixed with a U-shaped conductive plate (17), and the outer welding electrode mechanism and the inner conductive copper plate (20) and the inner welding electrode mechanism and the outer conductive copper plate (19) are connected via the conductive copper sheet (18) and the U-shaped conductive plate (17).

6. The welding device of an automatic variable diameter seam welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A soft water pipe (35) is provided on the top of the conductive copper plate with a tube (12), and the soft water pipe (35) and the conductive copper plate with a tube (12) are fixedly connected via a clamp (36).

7. The welding device of an automatic variable diameter seam welding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel wire guide frame (22) is fixed to one end of the carriage frame (28) via a cross bar, and steel wire guide wheels (23) are evenly installed on one end of the steel wire guide frame (22) for guiding the direction of the steel wire during the production process.

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