Ultra-deep shaft top plate and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of municipal engineering, and in particular to the field of ultra-deep shaft construction engineering in municipal engineering, and more specifically to an ultra-deep shaft roof and a method for making the same. The roof is based on a well-shaped beam as a basic carrier, and a casting space is formed by laying prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance concrete bottom mold and side molds, and then concrete is poured in the space formed by the bottom mold and the side molds, thereby forming an integrated structure. After adopting the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, prefabrication and on-site construction can be organically combined, and the full-house scaffolding construction method of the traditional deep well roof can be avoided. The modular assembly operation is convenient, the safety is high, and the construction period and materials are saved. It can effectively solve the problem of large roof bearing capacity requirements during deep well operations, thereby improving the foundation for the lifting of large equipment in ultra-deep shaft operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of municipal engineering, in particular to the field of ultra-deep shaft construction engineering in municipal engineering, and more specifically to an ultra-deep shaft top plate and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Deep wells are a commonly used targeted method in underground engineering construction. Traditional deep wells are widely used in transportation (such as large and medium-sized bridge piers, etc.), tunnels (such as temporary working wells of shield tunnels, permanent ventilation wells, etc.), water conservancy facilities (such as port foundations, etc.), and municipal engineering (such as underground reservoirs, etc.) due to their advantages such as high structural rigidity, strong integrity, good stability, deep construction depth, and wide range of applicable soils. In these fields, deep wells are mostly structures with bottoms but no covers.

[0003] With the development of deep wells, their application has been expanded to emergency escape passages, subway entrances and exits, underground substations, deep underground parking lots, etc. In these application scenarios, deep wells need to construct roof structures.

[0004] At present, the commonly used underground engineering roof structure in engineering is the reinforced concrete integral cast-in-place form. This reinforced concrete integral cast-in-place structure can meet the various index requirements of the roof structure with large structural span and relatively complex form. At the same time, the waterproof effect of the integral cast-in-place roof is also better than other roofs. Therefore, this reinforced concrete integral cast-in-place roof is more and more widely used.

[0005] The commonly used cast-in-place method in the prior art is to set up a scaffold from the bottom of the well to the bottom elevation of the top plate, then support the formwork, and then tie the steel bars and pour concrete on the formwork. This method can be implemented when the well is shallow and there are no other structures or equipment in the well. However, for ultra-deep shafts with deep wells and when other structures need to be constructed in advance in the well, this method is no longer applicable.

[0006] In particular, for the technical solution currently being developed that uses a deep well as the structural carrier of an underground multi-story parking garage, since the top plate located at ±0.00 usually needs to bear the load of the above-ground storage and in-and-out buildings, the simple single-structure top plate in the prior art cannot meet the load requirements due to its limited bearing capacity.

[0007] Therefore, developing new roof structures and manufacturing methods to meet the bearing capacity and construction requirements of the evolving deep well application scenarios will become a hot topic and difficulty in research in municipal construction, especially in the field of deep well construction. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the invention is to develop a roof and a manufacturing method suitable for an ultra-deep shaft represented by an underground multi-story parking garage, thereby solving the construction difficulties and bearing capacity problems of the existing roof in the application of multi-story parking garages.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention discloses a roof suitable for an ultra-deep vertical shaft, wherein the roof is based on a cross-shaped beam as a basic carrier, a casting space is formed by laying prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance concrete bottom mold and side mold, and then concrete is poured in the space formed by the bottom mold and the side mold, thereby forming an integrated structure.

[0010] Further preferably, the well-shaped beam includes a main beam, a secondary beam, and a tie rod. The main beam includes four beams, namely a first main beam, a second main beam, a third main beam, and a fourth main beam. The first main beam is parallel to the third main beam, the second main beam is perpendicular to the first main beam and the third main beam, and the fourth main beam is parallel to the second main beam, thereby forming a "well" shaped structure. The "well" shaped main beam structure is fixed in a deep well, and its ends are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the deep well; the secondary beam is perpendicular to the main beam, one end of which is fixed to the main beam, and the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the deep well, dividing the space between the main beam and the inner wall of the deep well into a number of small unit spaces, and the tie rod is arranged in the small unit space, and its two ends are respectively fixed at a pair of diagonal vertices of the small unit space, dividing a small unit space into two triangular or quasi-triangular stable small spaces.

[0011] Further preferably, a concrete corbel is also included, one end of which is fixed to a connector pre-buried in the wall of the deep well, and the other end is fixed to the end of the main beam, so as to fix the main beam on the inner wall of the deep well.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, it also includes a small concrete corbel, which is fixed to the end of the load-bearing secondary beam. The load-bearing secondary beam refers to the secondary beam corresponding to the upper building column foot, which is used to fix the load-bearing secondary beam on the inner wall of the deep well.

[0013] Further preferably, it also includes embedded parts, which are structural parts embedded in the wall of the deep well. The embedded parts are fixed to the ends of other secondary beams except the load-bearing secondary beams and the ends of the tie rods, so as to fix the other secondary beam structures except the load-bearing secondary beams and the tie rods to the inner wall of the deep well.

[0014] In a preferred technical solution, a buffer support is also included, and the buffer support is arranged between the main beam and the concrete corbel.

[0015] Further preferably, the buffer bearing is a rubber bearing.

[0016] Further preferably, a plurality of communication holes are arranged on the top plate.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the main beam is a beam with a box-type cross-section.

[0018] In a preferred technical solution, the secondary beam is a beam with an H-shaped cross section or an I-shaped cross section.

[0019] At the same time, the present invention also discloses a method for manufacturing the ultra-deep shaft top plate. The inner wall of the ultra-deep shaft is pre-embedded with embedded parts, and concrete brackets are respectively made on the inner wall corresponding to the ends of the "well"-shaped structure. The method for manufacturing the ultra-deep shaft top plate includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: According to the column foot position of the ground building to be constructed and its required support force, calculate and determine the position and size of the main beam and the load-bearing secondary beam of the cross beam;

[0021] S2: According to the preset position, the main beam is hoisted to the mouth of the ultra-deep shaft, and the eight ends of the main beam are placed on the concrete brackets respectively;

[0022] S3: According to the preset position, hoist the load-bearing secondary beam to the mouth of the super-deep shaft, and place the end of the load-bearing secondary beam on the small concrete corbel;

[0023] S4: hoist the secondary beams except the load-bearing secondary beams to the mouth of the ultra-deep shaft according to the preset positions, and fix the ends of these secondary beams to the embedded parts;

[0024] S5: Fix the tie rod to the main beam and the secondary beam to form a triangular fixing mode;

[0025] S6: Lay the prefabricated UHPC top slab bottom formwork on the cross beam;

[0026] S7: Place the prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance side formwork at the side wall of the top plate;

[0027] S8: Pour concrete into the space formed by the bottom form and the side form to form a top plate.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution, in step S2, a buffer support placement step is also included before the main beam is placed, that is, the buffer support is first placed on the concrete corbel, and then the eight ends of the main beam are placed on the corresponding concrete corbels.

[0029] Preferably, the buffer bearing is a rubber bearing.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution, welding is used as a fixing method in steps S4 and S5.

[0031] After adopting the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, prefabrication and on-site construction can be organically combined, and the traditional deep well roof scaffolding construction method can be avoided. The modular assembly operation is convenient, safe, and saves time and materials. The present invention effectively solves the problem of large roof bearing capacity requirements during deep well operations through the structure of the cross beam and its installation method, thereby providing a basis for the lifting of large and medium-sized equipment in ultra-deep vertical shaft operations. At the same time, in the technical solution disclosed in the present invention, the prefabricated bottom mold and side mold of UHPC ultra-high performance concrete can not only provide the needs of on-site construction of the roof, but also do not need to be removed from the mold, and subsequently form an integrated structure with the roof, so that the overall structure has higher strength and stronger rigidity, and has strong plasticity. After the structure is completed, there is no need to take additional anti-corrosion and flame retardant measures, which is more economical and safe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the ultra-deep shaft roof after laying the UHPC bottom formwork.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a cross beam.

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the junction between the main beam and the concrete corbel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The top plate suitable for the ultra-deep shaft described in this embodiment is based on the cross beam as the basic carrier, and the casting space is formed by laying the prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance concrete bottom mold and side mold, and then pouring concrete in the space formed by the bottom mold and the side mold, thereby forming an integrated structure. Figure 1 As shown in , the top plate is an integrated structure. It can be seen that some smaller connecting holes 1 are left at the edge of the structure. These connecting holes are used to effectively connect the space above the well and the space below the well. In addition, a larger connecting hole 2 is left in the center of the structure. This connecting hole is connected to the deep well and is an important part of the actual application of the deep well, such as a three-dimensional parking garage. There is a structure 3 at the four corners of the connecting hole 2, which is the structural column foot of the building in the three-dimensional parking garage as the entrance and exit room for ground vehicles. Therefore, it can be seen that the ultra-deep shaft top plate disclosed in the present invention does not need to be disassembled after the construction is completed, and can be directly used as a subsequent bearing structure, which is more economical.

[0038] Further preferably, in this embodiment, we also disclose the cross beam in the above mechanism. Figure 2 and Figure 3It can be seen that the well-shaped beam includes a main beam 4, a secondary beam 5, and a tie rod 6. The main beam 4 includes four beams, namely a first main beam 401, a second main beam 402, a third main beam 403, and a fourth main beam 404. The first main beam 401 is parallel to the third main beam 403, the second main beam 402 is perpendicular to the first main beam 401 and the third main beam 403, and the fourth main beam 404 is parallel to the second main beam 402, thereby forming a "well" shaped structure. Figure 2 The "well"-shaped main beam structure is fixed in the deep well, and its ends are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the deep well; Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that it also includes a concrete bracket 7, one end of which is fixed to a connector 8 pre-buried in the wall of the deep well, and the other end is fixed to the end of the main beam, so as to fix the main beam to the inner wall of the deep well. Figure 2 The secondary beam 5 is perpendicular to the main beam, one end of which is fixed to the main beam, and the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the deep well, dividing the space between the main beam and the inner wall of the deep well into several small unit spaces. The tie rod is set in the small unit space, and its two ends are respectively fixed at a pair of diagonal vertices of the small unit space, dividing a small unit space into two triangular or quasi-triangular stable small spaces. Figure 2 The lower part of the middle part is explained in detail, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the space between the third main beam 403 and the deep well wall 9 is divided by the first beam 501 and the second beam 502 to form three small unit spaces, which are named as the first small unit space, the second small unit space, and the third small unit space from left to right. The first tie rod 601 is located in the first small unit space, and its two ends are respectively fixed on the second main beam 402 and the first beam 501, thereby dividing the first small unit space into two triangular stable small spaces. Similarly, the second tie rod 602 and the third tie rod 603 are crossed and located in the second small unit. The second tie rod 602 divides the second small unit space into two triangular stable small spaces, and the third tie rod 603 also divides the second small unit space into two triangular stable small spaces. The two divisions are superimposed to form as shown in the figure. Figure 2 Similarly, it can be seen that in the third unit space, there is also a fourth tie rod 604 that divides the third small unit space into two stable small spaces similar to triangles.

[0039] For secondary beams, there is a distinction between load-bearing secondary beams and non-load-bearing secondary beams, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the first beam 501 and the second beam 502 are non-load-bearing secondary beams, which are fixed to the deep well wall 9 through embedded parts 10, and the first load-bearing secondary beam 503 and the second load-bearing secondary beam 504 are fixed to the deep well wall 9 through small concrete brackets. Figure 2As shown in , the first load-bearing secondary beam 503 is fixed to the deep well wall 9 through the first small concrete corbel 1101 , and the second load-bearing secondary beam 504 is fixed to the deep well wall 9 through the second small concrete corbel 1102 .

[0040] Preferably, in this embodiment, a buffer support 12 is also included, and the buffer support 12 is arranged between the main beam 4 and the concrete corbel 7. Figure 3 As shown in. In this embodiment, preferably, the buffer support is a rubber support.

[0041] Preferably, the main beam is made of steel with a box-shaped cross section, for example, in this embodiment, it is welded and assembled with steel plates with a grade of Q325 or above. At the same time, in this embodiment, preferably, the secondary beam is a beam with an H-shaped cross section or an "I"-shaped cross section, for example, in this embodiment, it is made of channel steel or angle steel.

[0042] Next, combine Figures 1 to 3 The above structural description further illustrates the construction method of the present invention. First, embedded parts are pre-embedded in the inner wall of the ultra-deep shaft, and concrete brackets are made on the inner wall corresponding to the ends of the "well"-shaped structure.

[0043] Then, according to the column foot position of the ground building to be constructed and the required support force, the position and size of the main beam and the load-bearing secondary beam of the cross beam are calculated and determined, and then the cross beam is prefabricated; for example, according to Figure 2 It can be seen that the cross beam is not a completely symmetrical structure. It is a structure obtained by force measurement based on the position of the upper structure column base and the required hole positions at the specific construction site.

[0044] In this embodiment, the ultra-deep shaft serves as the carrier of the underground parking garage. The independent small space enclosed by the main beam, secondary beam and tie rods of the cross beam must first meet the needs of extending the heavy-duty vehicle elevator shaft, counterweight shaft, fire protection, electrical, water supply and drainage pipelines from underground to above the shaft; at the same time, due to the distribution needs of various functional rooms in the above-ground building, such as the central control room, power distribution room, pump room, fire water tank, etc., the column base of the building steel structure is unevenly distributed. Based on the above two factors, the size specifications of the main beam of the cross beam, the size specifications of the secondary beam and the distribution form the following Figure 3 Asymmetric form shown.

[0045] Next, the main beam was hoisted to the mouth of the ultra-deep shaft according to the preset position, and the eight ends of the main beam were placed on the concrete brackets respectively; Figure 3 It can be seen that a buffer support is placed between the main beam and the concrete corbel to ensure the stability of the combination;

[0046] In addition, it is also necessary to hoist the load-bearing secondary beam to the mouth of the ultra-deep shaft according to the preset position, and place the end of the load-bearing secondary beam on the small concrete bracket; at the same time, hoist the other secondary beams except the load-bearing secondary beam to the mouth of the ultra-deep shaft according to the preset position, and fix the ends of these secondary beams to the embedded parts;

[0047] Finally, the tie rods are fixed to the main beam and the secondary beam by welding to form a triangular fixing mode;

[0048] After the installation of the cross beam is completed, the prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance concrete top plate bottom formwork 13 is laid on the cross beam; at the same time, the prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance side formwork is placed on the side wall of the top plate;

[0049] Finally, pour concrete into the space formed by the bottom form and the side form to form the top plate. Figure 1 as shown in .

[0050] The above is a specific implementation of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a roof of an ultra-deep shaft, characterized in that: The top plate of the ultra-deep shaft is based on a well-shaped beam as a basic carrier, and a casting space is formed by laying prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance concrete bottom mold and side mold, and then concrete is poured in the space formed by the bottom mold and the side mold, thereby forming an integrated structure; The well-shaped beam comprises a main beam, a secondary beam and a tie rod. The main beam comprises four beams, namely a first main beam, a second main beam, a third main beam and a fourth main beam. The first main beam is parallel to the third main beam, the second main beam is perpendicular to the first main beam and the third main beam, and the fourth main beam is parallel to the second main beam, thereby forming a "well"-shaped structure. The "well"-shaped main beam structure is fixed in a deep well, and its ends are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the deep well; the secondary beam is perpendicular to the main beam, one end of which is fixed to the main beam, and the other end is fixed to the inner wall of the deep well, dividing the space between the main beam and the inner wall of the deep well into a plurality of small unit spaces. The tie rod is arranged in the small unit space, and its two ends are respectively fixed at a pair of diagonal vertices of the small unit space, dividing a small unit space into two triangular or quasi-triangular stable small spaces; It also includes a concrete bracket, one end of which is fixed to a connector pre-buried in the wall of the deep well, and the other end is fixed to the end of the main beam, so as to fix the main beam to the inner wall of the deep well; It also includes a small concrete corbel, which is fixed to the end of the load-bearing secondary beam. The load-bearing secondary beam refers to the secondary beam corresponding to the column foot of the upper building, which is used to fix the load-bearing secondary beam on the inner wall of the deep well; It also includes embedded parts, which are structural parts embedded in the wall of the deep well. The embedded parts are fixed to the ends of the secondary beams other than the load-bearing secondary beams and the ends of the tie rods, so as to fix the secondary beam structures other than the load-bearing secondary beams and the tie rods on the inner wall of the deep well; The inner wall of the ultra-deep shaft is pre-buried with embedded parts, and concrete brackets are made on the inner wall corresponding to the ends of the "well"-shaped structure. The method for making the top plate of the ultra-deep shaft includes the following steps: S1: According to the column foot position of the ground building to be constructed and its required support force, calculate and determine the position and size of the main beam and the load-bearing secondary beam of the cross beam; S2: According to the preset position, the main beam is hoisted to the mouth of the ultra-deep shaft, and the eight ends of the main beam are placed on the concrete brackets respectively; S3: According to the preset position, hoist the load-bearing secondary beam to the mouth of the super-deep shaft, and place the end of the load-bearing secondary beam on the small concrete corbel; S4: hoist the secondary beams except the load-bearing secondary beams to the mouth of the ultra-deep shaft according to the preset positions, and fix the ends of these secondary beams to the embedded parts; S5: Fix the tie rod to the main beam and the secondary beam to form a triangular fixing mode; S6: Lay the prefabricated UHPC top slab bottom formwork on the cross beam; S7: Place the prefabricated UHPC ultra-high performance side formwork at the side wall of the top plate; S8: Pour concrete into the space formed by the bottom form and the side form to form a top plate.

2. The method for manufacturing the top plate of the ultra-deep shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, a buffer support placement step is also included before the main beam is placed, that is, the buffer support is first placed on the concrete corbel, and then the eight ends of the main beam are placed on the corresponding concrete corbels.

3. The method for manufacturing the top plate of the ultra-deep shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buffer support is a rubber support.

4. The method for manufacturing the top plate of the ultra-deep shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S4 and S5, a fixing method of welding is adopted.

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