A turnout working condition online monitoring device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of monitoring equipment, and specifically to an online monitoring device for turnout working conditions, including a vibration sensor, a displacement sensor, a longitudinal displacement sensor, a wear detector, a collector and a host computer, wherein the vibration sensor monitors the vibration data of the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail respectively, the reference plate is oriented perpendicular to the train forward direction, the longitudinal reference plate is oriented tangent to the train forward direction, the displacement sensor and the longitudinal displacement sensor are both fixedly installed on the ground, the displacement sensor corresponds to the reference plate, the longitudinal displacement sensor corresponds to the longitudinal reference plate, and detects the distance between the longitudinal reference plate, and the wear detector is respectively installed near the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail, and detects the wear of the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail respectively. The substantial effect of the present invention is: by monitoring the lateral displacement, longitudinal displacement, vibration and wear data of the point rail, comprehensive online monitoring of the turnout working conditions is achieved to ensure the driving safety of the train.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of monitoring equipment, and in particular to an online monitoring device for turnout working conditions. Background Art

[0002] A turnout is a line connection device that allows locomotives and vehicles to transfer from one track to another. With a turnout, the line's capacity can be fully utilized. Now, electro-hydraulic controlled automatic turnouts have replaced backward manual turnouts. Turnouts are often high-incidence areas for traffic safety accidents. Common turnout faults include point rail creeping, pull plate loosening and contact problems. During the spring thaw and before winter, due to large temperature changes, the turnout point rail creeps back and forth, which can easily cause the turnout external locking device to fail. Due to long-term use, train vibration, and loose pull plate fixing screws, some of the turnout pull plates on the center rail have serious looseness, causing the pull plates on both sides of the point rail to be uneven left and right, and not straight front and back. In the process of switching the turnout, the turnout switching force is decomposed. Especially when the turnout is locked, the pull plate is more inclined, which can easily cause the turnout switch equipment to fail to be in place. Pull plates are not straight front and back, which is prone to obstruction or jamming during the turnout conversion process. All the weight of the point rail is on the slide bed. If there is less contact between them, the gravity of the point rail acts on several slide beds. The smaller the contact area, the greater the friction resistance, which will make the switch equipment inflexible and even blocked in serious cases. Due to the large number of turnouts, complex structures, short service life, limited train speed, low driving safety, and high maintenance investment, turnouts are known as the three weak links of the track together with curves and joints. Therefore, it is necessary to develop working condition monitoring equipment specifically for turnouts.

[0003] After searching, the applicant found that Chinese patent CN112550369A is the prior art closest to this application. Its publication date is March 26, 2021, and it discloses an online status monitoring system for turnout operation. The system includes a front-end sensor, a node unit, a base station, a server and a host computer. The front-end sensor is arranged at the turnout traction point and is connected to the host computer through the node unit, the base station and the server in sequence. Although it can monitor important indicators such as the dynamic state of the turnout, the close contact amount of the static state of the turnout, the opening amount, the creeping amount and the turnout frame, it does not disclose the sensor equipment used, and only provides a technical solution for connecting the sensor equipment to the host computer, which is not enough to solve the technical problem of the lack of effective monitoring of the current turnout working conditions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that there is a lack of effective monitoring of the working conditions of the turnouts. An online monitoring device for the working conditions of the turnouts is proposed, which can achieve the beneficial effect of reliable and stable online monitoring of the working conditions of the turnouts.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an online monitoring device for turnout working conditions, the turnout includes a switch machine, a traction rod, a straight rail, a curved rail, a straight rail point rail and a curved rail point rail, a slide bed plate for supporting the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail is provided on the sleeper, the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail are connected by a connecting rod, a connecting head is provided on the connecting rod, the traction rod is fixedly connected to the connecting rod through the connecting head, the switch machine is connected to the traction rod, and includes a plurality of vibration sensors, a plurality of displacement sensors, a plurality of longitudinal displacement sensors, a plurality of wear detectors, a collector and a host computer, a plurality of the vibration sensors are respectively fixedly installed on the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail to monitor the vibration data of the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail respectively. A reference plate and a longitudinal reference plate are fixedly installed on the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail. The reference plate is perpendicular to the direction of the train's advance, and the longitudinal reference plate is tangent to the direction of the train's advance. Several displacement sensors and longitudinal displacement sensors are fixedly installed on the ground. The displacement sensor corresponds to the reference plate and detects the distance between the reference plate and the longitudinal displacement sensor corresponds to the longitudinal reference plate and detects the distance between the longitudinal reference plate. Several wear detectors are respectively installed near the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail to detect the wear of the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail respectively. The vibration sensor, displacement sensor, longitudinal displacement sensor and wear detector are all connected to the host computer through a collector.

[0006] Preferably, the displacement sensor and the longitudinal displacement sensor are both eddy current sensors, and the acceleration sensor is a piezoelectric accelerometer.

[0007] Preferably, the displacement sensor includes a distance probe, a detection frame and a detection line, the longitudinal displacement sensor includes a longitudinal distance probe, a longitudinal detection frame and a longitudinal detection line, the detection frame and the longitudinal detection frame are both fixedly mounted on the ground, the displacement sensor is mounted on the detection frame, the longitudinal displacement sensor is mounted on the longitudinal detection frame, the distance probe corresponds to the reference plate, the longitudinal distance probe corresponds to the longitudinal reference plate, the distance probe is connected to the collector via the detection line, the longitudinal distance probe is connected to the collector via the longitudinal detection line, and the collector supplies power to the distance probe and the longitudinal distance probe.

[0008] Preferably, the wear detector includes a mounting seat, a lifting rod, a sleeve, a spring, a clamping head, an active spring, a bottom rod, a front rod and a pressure sensor. The mounting seat is fixedly installed near the straight rail point rail or the curved rail point rail, the lifting rod is fixed on the mounting seat, the sleeve is fixedly connected to the lifting rod, the clamping head is slidably installed in the sleeve, the spring is installed between the sleeve and the clamping head, a blind hole is processed at the front end of the clamping head, the pressure sensor is installed between the bottom rod and the front rod, the pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the bottom rod and the front rod, the active spring is installed between the blind hole and the bottom rod, the two ends of the active spring are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the blind hole and the bottom rod, the two ends of the active spring are connected in series with an electronic switch and a DC power supply, when the active spring is at free length, the front rod partially extends out of the blind hole, and the electronic switch and the pressure sensor are both connected to a host computer.

[0009] Preferably, two ends of the spring are connected in series with a second electronic switch and a DC power supply, and the second electronic switch is connected to a host computer.

[0010] Preferably, the front end of the abutting head has an arc-shaped top, and the contact between the arc-shaped top and the straight rail point rail or the curved rail point rail is a line contact, which can adapt to the curvature of the straight rail point rail or the curved rail point rail itself.

[0011] Preferably, the wear detector includes a detection seat, an electric push rod, a detection head, an upper pressure sensor, an elastic rod, an abutment rod and a lower pressure sensor. The detection seat is installed near the straight rail point rail or the curved rail point rail, the electric push rod is installed on the detection seat, the working end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the detection head, the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are installed at the front end of the detection head, the upper pressure sensor is located above the lower pressure sensor, the upper and lower parts of the abutment rod are respectively connected to the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor through the elastic rod, and the electric push rod, the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are connected to the host computer.

[0012] Preferably, the upper portion of the abutment rod is processed with an upper abutment protrusion, and the lower portion of the abutment rod is processed with a lower abutment protrusion, the upper abutment protrusion and the lower abutment protrusion are symmetrical relative to the middle portion of the abutment rod, and the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are symmetrical relative to the middle portion of the abutment rod.

[0013] The substantial effects of the present invention are as follows: by monitoring the lateral displacement, longitudinal displacement, vibration and wear data of the point rail, tracking and monitoring of the close contact, opening and creeping amount of the turnout is formed, thereby realizing comprehensive online monitoring of the turnout working condition, ensuring that abnormalities are discovered in the first time, and guaranteeing the driving safety of the train; monitoring the wear of the point rail by a wear detector, when the wear increases, it indicates that the point rail may be faulty, prompting manual inspection to ensure the safety of the turnout, and by actively impacting and detecting vibration, it is possible to timely discover tiny cracks in the point rail, prompting manual inspection to avoid further deterioration of cracks inside the point rail and endangering driving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an online monitoring device for switch working conditions according to an embodiment.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of curved track point rail monitoring in Example 1.

[0016] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the displacement sensor structure of the first embodiment.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the vibration sensor of Example 1.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wear detector in Example 1.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the longitudinal displacement sensor of Example 1.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wear detector of Example 1.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the wear detector according to the first embodiment.

[0022] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the wear detector of Example 2.

[0023] Wherein: 1, straight rail, 2, sleeper, 3, curved rail point rail, 4, wear detector, 5, vibration sensor, 6, slide bed plate, 7, connecting rod, 8, connector, 9, traction rod, 10, curved rail, 11, straight rail point rail, 12, detection line, 13, detection frame, 14, distance probe, 15, reference plate, 16, longitudinal reference plate, 17, longitudinal distance probe, 18, longitudinal detection line, 19, longitudinal detection frame, 41, sleeve, 42, spring, 43, lifting rod, 44, tightening head, 45, active spring, 46, bottom rod, 47, front rod, 48, pressure sensor, 49, arc top, 51, detection seat, 52, electric push rod, 53, detection head, 54, upper pressure sensor, 55, elastic rod, 56, abutment rod, 57, lower pressure sensor, 58, upper abutment protrusion, 59, lower abutment protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below through specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Embodiment 1:

[0026] A turnout working condition online monitoring device, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the turnout includes a switch machine, a traction rod 9, a straight rail 1, a curved rail 10, a straight rail point rail 11 and a curved rail point rail 3, a sleeper 2 is provided with a slide bed 6 for supporting the straight rail point rail 11 and the curved rail point rail 3, the straight rail point rail 11 and the curved rail point rail 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7, a connecting head 8 is provided on the connecting rod 7, the traction rod 9 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 7 through the connecting head 8, the switch machine is connected to the traction rod 9, and includes a plurality of vibration sensors 5, a plurality of displacement sensors, a plurality of longitudinal displacement sensors, a plurality of wear detectors 4, a collector and a host computer, the straight rail point rail 11 and the curved rail point rail 3 are connected to each other by a connecting rod 7, and a connecting head 8 is provided on the connecting rod 7. Reference plates 15 and longitudinal reference plates 16 are fixedly installed on the pointed rails 3. The reference plates 15 are oriented perpendicular to the train's forward direction, and the longitudinal reference plates 16 are oriented tangent to the train's forward direction. Several displacement sensors and longitudinal displacement sensors are fixedly installed on the ground. The displacement sensors correspond to the reference plates 15 and detect the distance between the reference plates 15. The longitudinal displacement sensors correspond to the longitudinal reference plates 16 and detect the distance between the longitudinal reference plates 16. The vibration sensors 5, displacement sensors, longitudinal displacement sensors and wear detectors 4 are all connected to the host computer through a collector. The host computer displays vibration data, displacement data, longitudinal displacement data and wear data as monitoring results.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, the displacement sensor includes a distance probe 14, a detection frame 13 and a detection line 12, and the longitudinal displacement sensor includes a longitudinal distance probe 17, a longitudinal detection frame 19 and a longitudinal detection line 18. The detection frame 13 and the longitudinal detection frame 19 are both fixedly installed on the ground, and the displacement sensor is installed on the detection frame 13. Figure 6 As shown, the longitudinal displacement sensor is installed on the longitudinal detection frame 19, the distance probe 14 corresponds to the reference plate 15, the longitudinal distance probe 17 corresponds to the longitudinal reference plate 16, the distance probe 14 is connected to the collector through the detection line 12, and the longitudinal distance probe 17 is connected to the collector through the longitudinal detection line 18. The collector supplies power to the distance probe 14 and the longitudinal distance probe 17. Since the acceleration of the turnout is continuously monitored, the impact of frequent passing vehicles is large, and the fatigue resistance of the sensor is required to be high. Piezoelectric acceleration sensor is also called piezoelectric accelerometer, which also belongs to inertial sensor. Generally, acceleration sensor utilizes the characteristic of crystal deformation caused by acceleration. Since this deformation will generate voltage, as long as the relationship between the generated voltage and the applied acceleration is calculated, the acceleration can be converted into voltage output. The measurement range of the piezoelectric accelerometer is 0-100g, and the accuracy is ±0.1g, which meets the system requirements. In this embodiment, a bolt-type piezoelectric acceleration sensor with self-installing bolts is installed on the straight rail point rail 11 and the curved rail point rail 3. The vibration amplitude and vibration frequency can be calculated based on the acceleration value.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, several vibration sensors 5 are fixedly installed on the straight track point rail 11 and the curved track point rail 3 to monitor the vibration data of the straight track point rail 11 and the curved track point rail 3 respectively. The displacement sensor and the longitudinal displacement sensor are both eddy current sensors, and the acceleration sensor is a piezoelectric accelerometer. Figure 5 As shown, several wear detectors 4 are respectively installed near the straight rail tip rail 11 and the curved rail tip rail 3 to detect the wear amount of the straight rail tip rail 11 and the curved rail tip rail 3 respectively.

[0029] like Figure 7As shown, the wear detector 4 includes a mounting seat, a lifting rod 43, a sleeve 41, a spring 42, a clamping head 44, an active spring 45, a bottom rod 46, a front rod 47 and a pressure sensor 48. The mounting seat is fixedly installed near the straight rail point rail 11 or the curved rail point rail 3, the lifting rod 43 is fixed on the mounting seat, the sleeve 41 is fixedly connected to the lifting rod 43, the clamping head 44 is slidably installed in the sleeve 41, the spring 42 is installed between the sleeve 41 and the clamping head 44, and a blind hole is processed at the front end of the clamping head 44. The pressure sensor 48 is installed between the bottom rod 46 and the front rod 47, and the pressure sensor 48 is fixedly connected to the bottom rod 46 and the front rod 47. The active spring 45 is installed between the blind hole and the bottom rod 46, and the two ends of the active spring 45 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the blind hole and the bottom rod 46. The two ends of the active spring 45 are connected in series with the electronic switch and the DC power supply. When the active spring 45 is at a free length, the front rod 47 partially extends out of the blind hole, and the electronic switch and the pressure sensor 48 are both connected to the host computer.

[0030] When the straight track point rail 11 is about to be separated from the curved track 10, or when the curved track point rail 3 is about to be separated from the straight track 1, the lifting rod 43 is used to raise the sleeve 41 so that the height of the front rod 47 matches the worn position of the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3. With the traction of the switch machine, the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 gradually moves and abuts against the abutment head 44, and the front rod 47 will also be pressed into the abutment head 44. Then the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 is in place and stops moving. At this time, the upper computer controls the on-duty cycle of the electronic switch K2, so that the active spring 45 passes current to generate a contraction force, causing the spring 42 to contract. When the current passing through the active spring 45 is appropriate, the contraction amount generated by the spring 42 just causes the front rod 47 to just break contact with the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3. At this time, the detection value of the pressure sensor 48 will be close enough to 0, and the on-duty cycle of the electronic switch K2 at this time can represent the amount of wear. The method of using the on-duty ratio of the electronic switch K2 to characterize the amount of wear includes: during installation, using a metal plate to abut the abutting head 44 and the front rod 47, controlling the on-duty ratio of the electronic switch K2, so that the detection value of the pressure sensor 48 is close enough to 0, and the on-duty ratio at this time is the standard duty ratio. As the detection value of the straight track point rail 11 and the curved track point rail 3, the on-duty ratio of the electronic switch K2 will gradually decrease, and when it is as small as the set threshold or the rate of decrease exceeds the threshold, a warning is issued. By digging a shallow pit at the position of the metal plate corresponding to the front rod 47, the depth of the shallow pit is the allowable amount of wear, and the metal plate is pressed against the abutting head 44 again, and the on-duty ratio of the electronic switch K2 is controlled, so that the detection value of the pressure sensor 48 is close enough to 0, and the on-duty ratio at this time is the set threshold.

[0031] The two ends of the spring 42 are connected in series with the second electronic switch and the DC power supply, and the second electronic switch is connected to the host computer. When the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 is in place and stops moving, the second electronic switch, that is, the on-duty cycle of the electronic switch K1, is controlled so that the spring 42 drives the clamping head 44 to move backward. After moving to a certain extent, the electronic switch K1 is suddenly disconnected, so that the clamping head 44 hits the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 under the action of the spring 42, generating active knocking, and recording the vibration data of the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 before and after the impact as characteristic vibration data. Perform Fourier transform on the characteristic vibration data, and if a new frequency component appears therein, or the amplitude change of the original frequency component exceeds the set threshold, a warning is issued. If Figure 8 As shown, the front end of the abutting head 44 has an arc-shaped top 49. The contact between the arc-shaped top 49 and the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 is a line contact, which can adapt to the curvature of the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 itself.

[0032] The beneficial technical effects of this embodiment are: by monitoring the lateral displacement, longitudinal displacement, vibration and wear data of the point rail, tracking and monitoring of the close contact, opening and creeping amount of the turnout is formed, and comprehensive online monitoring of the turnout working condition is realized to ensure that abnormalities are discovered in the first time and the driving safety of the train is guaranteed; the wear amount of the point rail is monitored by the wear detector 4. When the wear increases, it indicates that the point rail may be faulty, prompting manual inspection to ensure the safety of the turnout. By actively impacting and detecting vibration, tiny cracks in the point rail can be discovered in time, prompting manual inspection to avoid further deterioration of the cracks inside the point rail and endangering driving safety.

[0033] Embodiment 2:

[0034] like Fig. 9 The wear detector 4 shown includes a detection seat 51, an electric push rod 52, a detection head 53, an upper pressure sensor 54, an elastic rod 55, an abutment rod 56 and a lower pressure sensor 57. The detection seat 51 is installed near the straight rail point rail 11 or the curved rail point rail 3, the electric push rod 52 is installed on the detection seat 51, the working end of the electric push rod 52 is fixedly connected to the detection head 53, the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57 are installed at the front end of the detection head 53, the upper pressure sensor 54 is located above the lower pressure sensor 57, the upper and lower parts of the abutment rod 56 are respectively connected to the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57 through the elastic rod 55, and the electric push rod 52, the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57 are connected to the host computer. The remaining structures are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0035] An upper abutment protrusion 58 is processed on the upper part of the abutment rod 56, and a lower abutment protrusion 59 is processed on the lower part of the abutment rod 56. The upper abutment protrusion 58 and the lower abutment protrusion 59 are symmetrical relative to the middle part of the abutment rod 56, and the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57 are symmetrical relative to the middle part of the abutment rod 56. When the two ends of the abutment rod 56 are pressed against a plane, the detection values ​​of the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57 should be equal, or basically the same. When the part pressed against the upper part of the abutment rod 56 is lower than the part pressed against the lower part of the abutment rod 56, the abutment rod 56 will deflect slightly, driving the elastic rod 55 to have a slight angle, so that the force is not evenly distributed on the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57, so that there is a difference in the detection values ​​of the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57. When the difference between the detection values ​​of the upper pressure sensor 54 and the lower pressure sensor 57 exceeds the set threshold, it indicates that the wear of the straight rail point rail 11 or the curved rail point rail 3 exceeds the set threshold, and a warning is issued, indicating that manual inspection is required.

[0036] Embodiment three:

[0037] A device for online monitoring of turnout working conditions, the turnout comprising a switch machine, a traction rod 9, a straight rail 1, a curved rail 10, a straight rail point rail 11 and a curved rail point rail 3, a sleeper 2 is provided with a slide bed plate 6 for supporting the straight rail point rail 11 and the curved rail point rail 3, the straight rail point rail 11 and the curved rail point rail 3 are connected by a connecting rod 7, a connecting head 8 is provided on the connecting rod 7, a traction rod 9 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 7 through the connecting head 8, the switch machine is connected to the traction rod 9, the device comprises a plurality of vibration sensors 5, a plurality of displacement sensors, a plurality of longitudinal displacement sensors, a plurality of wear detectors 4, a collector and a host computer, the structures and connection relationships of the vibration sensor 5, the displacement sensor, the longitudinal displacement sensor and the wear detector 4 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0038] When the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 has longitudinal displacement, it can be directly detected by the longitudinal displacement sensor. When the straight track point rail 11 or the curved track point rail 3 has longitudinal displacement exceeding the safety threshold, the detection value of the longitudinal displacement sensor will be directly reflected. By setting the corresponding threshold in the host computer, the host computer can automatically issue a warning when the corresponding threshold is exceeded.

[0039] When some of the turnout pull plates of the center rail are seriously loose due to long-term use, train vibration, and loose screws of the pull plates, causing the pull plates on both sides of the point rail to be uneven left and right, and not straight front and back, the straight rail point rail 11 or the curved rail point rail 3 will experience undesirable vibrations during the process of driving the turnout to position and split, which can be detected by the vibration sensor 5 at this time. When tiny cracks appear inside the straight rail point rail 11 or the curved rail point rail 3 due to fatigue, its vibration mode will also change, especially the change in the high-frequency part is the most obvious. After the vibration data is Fourier transformed, these newly added undesirable vibrations can be directly obtained. If the amplitude of the newly added frequency component exceeds the set threshold, or the amplitude change of the existing frequency component exceeds the set threshold, a warning is issued.

[0040] The amount of wear of the straight rail point rail 11 or the curved rail point rail 3 is also an important monitoring quantity. The wear of the point rail can be monitored by the wear detector 4. The duty cycle can be converted into a current, and further converted into a displacement. The specific conversion relationship is obtained by changing the duty cycle with a preset step size, using the existing technology to measure the displacement of the front rod 47, and obtaining enough data through a fitting function. When the wear exceeds the set threshold or the wear increases, it indicates that the straight rail point rail 11 or the curved rail point rail 3 may be faulty and needs to be manually checked.

[0041] The above embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. There are other variations and modifications without exceeding the technical solution described in the claims.

Claims

1. An online monitoring device for turnout working condition, the turnout comprising a switch machine, a traction rod, a straight rail, a curved rail, a straight rail point rail and a curved rail point rail, a slide bed plate for supporting the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail is provided on the sleeper, the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail are connected by a connecting rod, a connecting head is provided on the connecting rod, the traction rod is fixedly connected to the connecting rod through the connecting head, the switch machine is connected to the traction rod, and the characteristics are as follows: It includes several vibration sensors, several displacement sensors, several longitudinal displacement sensors, several wear detectors, a collector and a host computer. A plurality of vibration sensors are fixedly installed on the straight track point rail and the curved track point rail to monitor the vibration data of the straight track point rail and the curved track point rail respectively. The straight track point rail and the curved track point rail are both fixedly installed with a reference plate and a longitudinal reference plate, the reference plate is oriented perpendicular to the train's forward direction, and the longitudinal reference plate is oriented tangent to the train's forward direction. A plurality of displacement sensors and longitudinal displacement sensors are fixedly installed on the ground, the displacement sensor corresponds to the reference plate and detects the distance to the reference plate, and the longitudinal displacement sensor corresponds to the longitudinal reference plate and detects the distance to the longitudinal reference plate. A plurality of wear detectors are installed near the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail respectively to detect the wear amount of the straight rail point rail and the curved rail point rail respectively. The vibration sensor, displacement sensor, longitudinal displacement sensor and wear detector are all connected to the host computer through the collector; The wear detector includes a mounting seat, a lifting rod, a sleeve, a spring, a clamping head, an active spring, a bottom rod, a front rod and a pressure sensor. The mounting seat is fixedly installed near the straight rail point rail or the curved rail point rail, the lifting rod is fixed on the mounting seat, the sleeve is fixedly connected to the lifting rod, the clamping head is slidably installed in the sleeve, the spring is installed between the sleeve and the clamping head, a blind hole is processed at the front end of the clamping head, the pressure sensor is installed between the bottom rod and the front rod, the pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the bottom rod and the front rod, the active spring is installed between the blind hole and the bottom rod, the two ends of the active spring are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the blind hole and the bottom rod, the two ends of the active spring are connected in series with an electronic switch and a DC power supply, when the active spring is at a free length, the front rod partially extends out of the blind hole, and the electronic switch and the pressure sensor are both connected to a host computer.

2. The on-line monitoring device for turnout operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement sensor and the longitudinal displacement sensor are both eddy current sensors, and the vibration sensor is a piezoelectric accelerometer.

3. The on-line monitoring device for turnout operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the spring are connected in series with a second electronic switch and a DC power supply, and the second electronic switch is connected to a host computer.

4. The on-line monitoring device for turnout operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the abutting head is provided with an arc-shaped top.

5. A turnout operating condition online monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The wear detector includes a detection seat, an electric push rod, a detection head, an upper pressure sensor, an elastic rod, an abutment rod and a lower pressure sensor. The detection seat is installed near the straight rail point rail or the curved rail point rail, the electric push rod is installed on the detection seat, the working end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the detection head, the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are installed at the front end of the detection head, the upper pressure sensor is located above the lower pressure sensor, the upper and lower parts of the abutment rod are respectively connected to the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor through the elastic rod, and the electric push rod, the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are connected to the host computer.

6. The on-line monitoring device for turnout working condition according to claim 5, characterized in that: An upper abutment protrusion is processed on the upper part of the abutment rod, and a lower abutment protrusion is processed on the lower part of the abutment rod. The upper abutment protrusion and the lower abutment protrusion are symmetrical relative to the middle part of the abutment rod, and the upper pressure sensor and the lower pressure sensor are symmetrical relative to the middle part of the abutment rod.

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