A biomass energy comprehensive utilization process and system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a biomass energy comprehensive utilization process, which includes the following steps: firstly, the biomass raw material is put into a gasifier for pyrolysis treatment; then the collected combustible gas is separated into tar and water; the combustible gas after voltage stabilization supplies energy to the generator set, thereby generating clean energy electricity; finally, the high-temperature tail gas generated by the generator set enters the waste heat boiler to produce steam. The present invention also discloses a biomass energy comprehensive utilization system, which includes a gasifier, a cyclone dust collector, a cooling tower, an electric tar collector, a gas storage tank, a generator set, and a waste heat boiler. The purpose of the present invention is to improve the utilization rate of biomass raw materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of biomass utilization, and in particular to a biomass energy comprehensive utilization process and system. Background Art

[0002] Biomass mainly refers to organic matter such as straw and wood chips. In order to utilize biomass raw materials such as straw produced during daily labor, the existing biomass raw materials are put into a gasifier for pyrolysis to obtain combustible gas, which can be used as clean energy. The activated carbon produced after pyrolysis is used as a soil conditioner or air purifier.

[0003] However, due to the fact that the utilization of biomass raw materials is based on households, the utilization of biomass is not ideal due to the lack of raw materials and unstable sources of raw materials (for example, there is more raw materials during harvesting, but less raw materials at other times). Currently, centralized industrial processing is often used to solve the problem of poor decentralized utilization. Centralizing biomass fuel for processing can solve the problems of raw material shortage and lack of professional maintenance that occur during decentralized processing.

[0004] The existing industrial process is to put biomass into a gasifier for pyrolysis, then separate the gas produced during pyrolysis into water and oil, and then use the combustible gas as energy. However, the utilization rate of the above biomass raw materials is still low and can be further developed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass energy comprehensive utilization process and system in view of the above problems, which can improve the utilization rate of biomass raw materials.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a biomass energy comprehensive utilization process: it includes the following steps: first, the biomass raw material is put into a gasifier for pyrolysis treatment, the solid particles produced by the pyrolysis are transported out of the gasifier, and the combustible gas produced by the pyrolysis is collected; then the collected combustible gas is separated from tar and water; then the combustible gas after the tar and water are separated is subjected to pressure stabilization treatment; the combustible gas after pressure stabilization supplies power to the generator set, thereby generating clean energy electricity; finally, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the generator set enters the waste heat boiler to produce steam, and the exhaust gas is harmlessly treated after coming out of the waste heat boiler and discharged into the air.

[0007] The present invention also discloses a biomass energy comprehensive utilization system, which includes a gasifier, the gas outlet of the gasifier is connected to a tar remover through a cyclone dust collector, the cyclone dust collector and the tar remover are used to separate water and tar in the gas, the gas outlet of the tar remover is connected to the air inlet end of a gas storage tank, the gas storage tank is connected to a generator set, the gas storage tank is used for gas pressure stabilization to ensure the normal operation of the generator set; the exhaust gas outlet of the generator set is connected to the air inlet pipe of the waste heat boiler; the gasifier includes a furnace body from top to bottom and a cover body, wherein a feed port is arranged at the upper end of the furnace body; the lower end of the furnace body is open and a furnace screen is arranged at the open part, the lower part of the furnace body extends into the cover body from the upper end of the cover body, an air outlet pipe as a gas outlet is arranged on the cover body, and a charcoal outlet is arranged at the lower end of the cover body; a stirring shaft coaxial with the furnace body is vertically arranged in the furnace body, the upper end of the stirring shaft is transmission-connected with the stirring motor, a pulling rod is horizontally arranged on the stirring shaft, and horizontal stirring rods are vertically spaced on the side wall of the stirring shaft below the pulling rod.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to control the temperature in the furnace body, a flow channel is provided in the stirring rod, the flow channel is connected to one end of a circulating water pipe extending into the stirring shaft, and the other end of the circulating water pipe extends out of the furnace body and is connected to a water source.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to ensure that solid particles such as activated carbon can fall off the furnace screen, a feed hole is provided in the middle of the furnace screen, and the upper end surface of the furnace screen is provided as an inclined surface that is inclined downward toward one side of the feed hole.

[0010] Furthermore, in order to avoid clogging of the sieve holes on the furnace screen, the lower end of the furnace screen is connected to the support through a spring, and the support is provided with an insertion part that is compatible with the number and position of the sieve holes on the furnace screen, and the upper end surface of the insertion part extends out from the upper end surface of the furnace screen.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to prevent the spring from getting stuck, the spring is arranged in a telescopic tube between the furnace screen and the support.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to drive the material to fall downward into the cover body and avoid clogging of the sieve holes on the furnace screen, the lower end of the stirring shaft is connected to the upper end of the vertical shaft through a bearing, a mounting ring is sleeved on the outside of the vertical shaft, a horizontal pressing rod is arranged on the outside of the mounting ring, a lifting part is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting ring, the lifting part passes through the long strip hole vertically arranged on the side wall of the vertical shaft and extends into the vertical shaft, a linear drive device is arranged in the vertical shaft, and the piston rod of the linear drive device is connected to the lifting part.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the material to fall into the cover, the insertion portion is a cone that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to make the material fall out of the cover body instead of staying at the bottom of the cover body, the carbon outlet is arranged on one side of the axis of the cover body, and a carbon extraction scraper is arranged on the bottom wall of the cover body, and the carbon extraction scraper is arranged on the output shaft of the scraper drive motor.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to ensure the separation of tar and water in the combustible gas, a cooling tower is provided between the cyclone dust collector and the tar remover, and a water-gas separator is provided between the tar remover and the gas storage tank; a fan is provided on the pipeline connecting the water-gas separator and the gas storage tank.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the circulating water pipe delivers the liquid into the stirring rod, and by adjusting the temperature of the liquid entering the stirring rod, the temperature in the gasification furnace can be flexibly adjusted; at the same time, during the rotation of the stirring rod, the stirring rod and the material produce relative movement, so that the material can fall from the furnace screen into the cover more smoothly.

[0017] 1. The furnace screen is connected to the support through a spring. When the stirring rod drives the material to move, the interlaced part on the support is driven by the object to shake or move up and down to prevent the material from being stuck in the sieve holes of the furnace screen.

[0018] 2. The pressing rod is driven by the linear drive device to reciprocate and rise and fall, and the insertion part is driven to move downward during the descent process, so that the insertion part moves up and down in the screen hole of the furnace screen to prevent the material from getting stuck in the screen hole.

[0019] 3. A pulling rod is provided to level and compact the biomass raw materials entering the furnace body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gasifier.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the figure.

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram in B.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of various components of the utilization system disclosed in this application.

[0024] The text labels in the figure are as follows: 1. gasifier; 101. furnace body; 102. cover body; 103. feed port; 104. furnace screen; 105. air outlet pipe; 106. charcoal outlet; 107. stirring shaft; 108. stirring motor; 109. pulling rod; 110. stirring rod; 111. circulating water pipe; 112. feeding hole; 113. spring; 114. support; 115. insertion part; 116. telescopic tube; 117. vertical axis; 118. mounting ring; 119. pressing rod; 120. lifting part; 121. long hole; 122. linear drive device; 123. charcoal pulling scraper; 124. scraper driving motor; 2. cyclone dust collector; 3. tar remover; 4. gas storage tank; 5. generator set; 6. waste heat boiler; 7. cooling tower; 8. water-gas separator; 9. fan; 10. Induced draft fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The description in this part is only exemplary and explanatory and should not have any limiting effect on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment 1: A biomass energy comprehensive utilization process comprises the following steps: firstly, the biomass raw material is put into a gasifier for pyrolysis treatment, the solid particles produced by the pyrolysis are transported out of the gasifier, and the combustible gas produced by the pyrolysis is collected; then the collected combustible gas is separated from tar and water; then the combustible gas after the tar and water are separated is subjected to pressure stabilization treatment; the combustible gas after pressure stabilization supplies power to a generator set, thereby generating clean energy electricity; finally, the high-temperature exhaust gas produced by the generator set enters a waste heat boiler to produce steam, and the exhaust gas is harmlessly treated after coming out of the waste heat boiler and discharged into the air.

[0027] During specific operation: under the action of the catalyst, the biomass raw materials in the gasifier are divided into a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a cooling zone from top to bottom, wherein the temperature of the drying zone is controlled at 100-250°C, the pyrolysis zone is in an oxygen-deficient environment, and the temperature is controlled at 550-650°C, the oxidation zone is in an oxygen-deficient environment, and the temperature is controlled at 650-800°C, the reduction zone is in an oxygen-deficient environment, and the temperature is controlled at 650-850°C; wherein the oxidation zone and the reduction zone are the main reaction areas of biomass gasification, and the cellulose in the biomass precipitates a large amount of biomass combustible gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane under the action of thermal decomposition, and the other parts generate activated carbon, etc.

[0028] Embodiment 2: A biomass energy comprehensive utilization system, which can be used for the pyrolysis gasification in Embodiment 1, and can also be used for other biomass pyrolysis processes, such as Figure 1-4As shown, it includes a gasifier 1, the gas outlet of the gasifier 1 is connected to the detarrifier 3 through a cyclone dust collector 2, the gas outlet of the detarrifier 3 is connected to the air inlet end of a gas storage tank 4, the gas storage tank 4 is connected to a generator set 5, a cooling tower 7 is also provided between the cyclone dust collector 2 and the detarrifier 3, a water-gas separator 8 is also provided between the detarrifier 3 and the gas storage tank 4; a fan 9 is provided on the pipeline connecting the water-gas separator 8 and the gas storage tank 4; the exhaust gas outlet of the generator set 5 is connected to the air inlet pipe of the waste heat boiler 6; the gasifier 1 includes a furnace body 101 and a cover body 102 from top to bottom, the upper end of the furnace body 101 is provided with a feed port 103; the lower end of the furnace body 101 is open and a furnace screen 104 is provided at the open position, and the lower part of the furnace body 101 is provided with a furnace screen 104. A charcoal outlet 106 is provided at the lower end of the hood body 102; a coaxial stirring shaft 107 is vertically arranged in the furnace body 101, and the upper end of the stirring shaft 107 passes through the bearing of the top wall of the furnace body 101 and is connected to the output shaft of the stirring motor 108; a pulling rod 109 is horizontally arranged on the stirring shaft 107, and the lower end of the pulling rod 109 is connected to the pressing plate through a connecting rod, and the front end of the pressing plate extends obliquely upward in the rotation direction of the stirring shaft; horizontal stirring rods 110 are spaced apart in the vertical direction on the side wall of the stirring shaft 107 below the pulling rod 109, and the stirring rods 110 are mainly located in the pyrolysis zone, oxidation zone, reduction zone and cooling zone.

[0029] During specific operation: biomass raw materials are put into the furnace body 101 from the feed port 103, and the biomass raw materials fall to the upper end of the furnace screen 104; the biomass charcoal produced after oxidation and reduction falls into the cover body 102 during the rotation of the furnace screen 104; after the combustible gas enters the cyclone dust collector 2, the solid matter in the gas is separated, and the gas after separation from the solid matter enters the cooling tower 7 to make the water and tar be initially separated, and the gas after the initial separation of water and tar enters the electric tar collector, and under the action of high-voltage ions, the tar and water are further decomposed and separated, and after the water is released, the gas enters the water-gas separator 10, and the tar and water are separated again, so as to obtain pure gas, and the fan 9 sends the pure gas into the gas storage tank 4, and the pure gas is stored and stabilized in the gas storage tank 4, and the pure gas provides energy for the generator set 5, thereby driving the generator set 5 to work to generate clean energy electricity. The tail gas generated by the generator set 5 is sent to the waste heat boiler 6 to produce steam after passing through the collection device. The cooled tail gas is finally discharged into the atmosphere after being harmlessly treated by the induced draft fan 10.

[0030] Embodiment 3, as Figure 1-3As shown, other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 2, but in this embodiment, a flow channel is provided in the stirring rod 110, and the flow channel is connected to one end of a circulating water pipe 111 extending into the stirring shaft 107, and the flow channel and the circulating water pipe 111 are connected by a rotating joint, the stirring shaft 107 is a hollow tube, and the circulating water pipe 111 passes through the stirring shaft 107, and the other end of the circulating water pipe 111 extends out of the furnace body 101 and is connected to a water source.

[0031] The specific working state is the same as that of Example 2, but in this embodiment, when the stirring rod 110 rotates following the stirring shaft 107, the liquid in the circulating water pipe 111 cools the activated carbon in the cooling zone, and at the same time, the temperature of the pyrolysis zone, oxidation zone and reduction zone is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the liquid entering the circulating water pipe 111.

[0032] Embodiment 4, as Figure 1 As shown, the other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 2, but in this embodiment, a feed hole 112 is provided in the middle of the furnace screen 104, and the upper end surface of the furnace screen 104 is provided as an inclined surface inclined downward toward the side of the feed hole 112, so that the material slides downward as the stirring rod 110 rotates.

[0033] Embodiment 5, as Figure 1-3 As shown, other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 2, but in this embodiment, the lower end of the furnace screen 104 is connected to the support 114 through a spring 113, and the support 114 is provided with an interpenetrating portion 115 that matches the number and position of the sieve holes on the furnace screen 104, and the interpenetrating portion 115 is a cone that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the upper end surface of the interpenetrating portion 115 extends out of the upper end surface of the furnace screen 104; the spring 113 is arranged in a telescopic tube 116 between the furnace screen 104 and the support 114, and the telescopic tube 116 is formed by two nested sleeves, wherein the upper sleeve with a larger diameter is located at the top, the upper end of the upper sleeve is fixed to the lower end of the furnace screen 104, and the lower end of the lower sleeve is fixed to the upper end of the support 114, and the cross section of the support 114 is circular; the stirring shaft 107 The lower end is connected to the upper end of the vertical shaft 117 through a bearing, and the lower end of the vertical shaft 117 passes through the furnace screen 104 and is connected to the support part in the cover body 102. Both ends of the support part are fixed on the inner wall of the cover body 102. A mounting ring 118 is sleeved on the outer side of the vertical shaft 117, and the inner wall of the mounting ring 118 is infinitely close to the outer wall of the vertical shaft 117. A horizontal pressing rod 119 is arranged on the outer side of the mounting ring 118, and the pressing rod 119 is located above the insertion part 115. A lifting part 120 is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting ring 118, and the lifting part 120 passes through a long strip hole 121 vertically arranged on the side wall of the vertical shaft 117 and extends into the vertical shaft 117. A linear drive device 122 is arranged in the vertical shaft 117, and the linear drive device 122 can adopt an oil cylinder, etc. The piston rod of the linear drive device 122 is connected to the lifting part 120.

[0034] During specific operation: other steps are the same as those in Example 2. In this embodiment, the pressing rod 119 moves downward, thereby pressing the insertion portion 115 downward, so that the insertion portion 115 moves up and down in the sieve hole of the furnace screen 104 to flush out the blockage in the sieve hole, thereby ensuring that the sieve hole will not be blocked.

[0035] Embodiment 6, as Figure 1 As shown, other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, but in this embodiment, the charcoal outlet 106 is arranged on one side of the axis of the cover body 102, and a charcoal pulling scraper 123 is arranged on the bottom wall of the cover body 102, and the length of the charcoal pulling scraper 123 is adapted to the radius of the bottom wall of the cover body 102; the output shaft of the scraper driving motor 124 is coaxially arranged with the cover body 102, and the output shaft of the scraper driving motor 124 passes through the sealed bearing in the bottom wall of the cover body 102 and is connected to the charcoal pulling scraper 123; as the charcoal pulling scraper 123 rotates, the material is pushed toward the charcoal outlet 106, and the activated carbon and the like fall from the charcoal outlet 106 onto the conveying equipment and are taken out of the gasifier.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or system that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or system.

[0037] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of textual expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements, modifications or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other occasions without improvement, should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass energy comprehensive utilization system, comprising a gasifier (1), wherein the gas outlet of the gasifier (1) is connected to a tar remover (3) via a cyclone dust collector (2), the gas outlet of the tar remover (3) is connected to the air inlet end of a gas storage tank (4), and the gas storage tank (4) is connected to a generator set (5); characterized in that: The exhaust gas outlet of the generator set (5) is connected to the air inlet pipe of the waste heat boiler (6); the gasifier (1) comprises a furnace body (101) and a cover body (102) from top to bottom, and a feed port (103) is provided at the upper end of the furnace body (101); the lower end of the furnace body (101) is open and a furnace screen (104) is provided at the open position, the lower end of the furnace screen (104) is connected to a support (114) via a spring (113), and the support (114) is provided with a plurality of holes corresponding to the number and position of the sieve holes on the furnace screen (104). The furnace body (101) is provided with an interlaced portion (115) adapted thereto, the upper end surface of the interlaced portion (115) extending from the upper end surface of the furnace screen (104); the lower portion of the furnace body (101) extends into the cover body from the upper end of the cover body (102); the cover body (102) is provided with an outlet pipe (105) serving as a gas outlet, and the lower end of the cover body (102) is provided with a charcoal outlet (106); a stirring shaft (107) coaxial with the furnace body (101) is vertically arranged in the furnace body (101), the upper end of the stirring shaft (107) being connected to the stirring motor (101) 8) transmission connection, a pulling rod (109) is transversely arranged on the stirring shaft (107), and a transverse stirring rod (110) is spaced apart in the vertical direction below the pulling rod (109) on the side wall of the stirring shaft (107); the lower end of the stirring shaft (107) is connected to the upper end of the vertical shaft (117) through a bearing, and the lower end of the vertical shaft (117) passes through the furnace screen (104) and is connected to a support portion in the cover body (102), and both ends of the support portion are fixed on the inner wall of the cover body (102). 17) is sleeved on the outside of a mounting ring (118), a horizontal pressing rod (119) is arranged on the outside of the mounting ring (118), a lifting portion (120) is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting ring (118), the lifting portion (120) passes through a long strip hole (121) vertically arranged on the side wall of the vertical shaft (117) and extends into the vertical shaft (117), a linear drive device (122) is arranged in the vertical shaft (117), and a piston rod of the linear drive device (122) is connected to the lifting portion (120).

2. A biomass energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow channel is provided in the stirring rod (110), and the flow channel is connected to one end of a circulating water pipe (111) extending into the stirring shaft (107); the other end of the circulating water pipe (111) extends out of the furnace body (101) and is connected to a water source.

3. A biomass energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material discharge hole (112) is provided in the middle of the furnace screen (104), and an upper end surface of the furnace screen (104) is provided as an inclined surface that slopes downward toward one side of the material discharge hole (112).

4. A biomass energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring (113) is arranged in a telescopic tube (116) between the furnace screen (104) and the support (114).

5. The biomass energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insertion portion (115) is a cone that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

6. The biomass energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charcoal outlet (106) is arranged on one side of the axis of the cover body (102), and a charcoal extraction scraper (123) is arranged on the bottom wall of the cover body (102), and the charcoal extraction scraper (123) is arranged on the output shaft of the scraper drive motor (124).

7. The biomass energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cooling tower (7) is also provided between the cyclone dust collector (2) and the tar remover (3), and a water-gas separator (8) is also provided between the tar remover (3) and the gas storage tank (4); a fan (9) is provided on the pipeline connecting the water-gas separator (8) and the gas storage tank (4).

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