An energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system, comprising an activated carbon desorption device, a biomass gasification device, a steam boiler device, and a heating furnace device. The activated carbon desorption device includes a temporary activated carbon desorber and a permanent activated carbon desorber. The biomass gasification device includes a biomass gasification furnace. The steam boiler device includes a steam boiler, and the heating furnace device includes a heating furnace. The first gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is connected to the steam boiler. The steam outlet of the steam boiler is connected to the inlet of the temporary activated carbon desorber. The heating furnace is connected to the inlet of the permanent activated carbon desorber. The outlets of the temporary and permanent activated carbon desorbers are respectively connected to the gas inlet of the biomass gasification furnace. This solution employs two different heating methods for desorption treatment. The VOC organic waste gas generated during desorption is then fed back into the biomass gasification furnace for further treatment, achieving a circular economy and energy conservation and emission reduction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic waste gas treatment technology, specifically to an energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system. Background Technology

[0002] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) refer to organic compounds with boiling points between 50 and 250°C, a saturated vapor pressure exceeding 13.32 Pa at room temperature, and existing in vapor form at room temperature. VOCs are important precursors to both ozone and PM2.5, including non-methane hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc.), oxygenated organic compounds (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, etc.), nitrogen-containing organic compounds, and sulfur-containing organic compounds. When emitted into the environment, they generate photochemical smog, which is even more harmful and pollutes the atmosphere. The vast majority are toxic, irritating, and carcinogenic to humans and animals. Industries involved in VOC emissions include petrochemicals, organic chemicals, automobile manufacturing, electronics, packaging and printing, furniture, leather, shoemaking, and textile dyeing. The annual VOC emissions in China reach approximately 25 million tons, a massive amount that presents significant challenges for treatment. Directly releasing organic waste gases into the atmosphere will cause severe air pollution and directly harm human health. Methods for purifying organic waste gas have become a matter of widespread public concern.

[0003] Currently, the common way to treat organic waste gas is to adsorb pollutants from the organic waste gas using activated carbon. However, general activated carbon adsorption systems will reach saturation when they adsorb a certain amount and can no longer effectively adsorb, so the activated carbon needs to be desorbed. However, the activated carbon desorption process also generates air pollutants such as VOCs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems mentioned in the background, this solution provides an energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system that recycles the organic waste gas generated during the activated carbon desorption process, thereby achieving the goal of environmental protection and energy conservation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: an energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system, comprising an activated carbon desorption device, a biomass gasification device, a steam boiler device, and a heating furnace device. The activated carbon desorption device includes a temporary activated carbon desorber and a permanent activated carbon desorber. The biomass gasification device includes a biomass gasification furnace. The steam boiler device includes a steam boiler. The heating furnace device includes a heating furnace. The first gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is connected to the burner of the steam boiler. The steam outlet of the steam boiler is connected to the inlet of the temporary activated carbon desorber through a steam distribution cylinder. The heating furnace is connected to the inlet of the permanent activated carbon desorber. The outlets of the temporary activated carbon desorber and the permanent activated carbon desorber are respectively connected to the gas inlet of the biomass gasification furnace. The key feature of this solution is the use of two different heating methods—a steam boiler and a heating furnace—to desorb activated carbon from the temporary and permanent desorbers, respectively. This can meet the needs of users with different desorption requirements. The VOCs generated during the desorption process are then fed into a biomass gasification furnace for further treatment. The biomass gasification unit provides fuel gas for both the steam boiler and the heating furnace, thus achieving a circular economy, energy conservation, and emission reduction.

[0006] Furthermore, the steam boiler device also includes a steam distribution cylinder, a heat exchanger, and a chimney. The steam distribution cylinder is located between the steam boiler and the activated carbon temporary desorber, and through its multiple outlets, the steam from the steam boiler can be supplied to multiple users. The flue gas outlet of the steam boiler is connected in sequence to the heat exchanger and the chimney to discharge the exhaust gas.

[0007] Furthermore, the biomass gasification device also includes a blower, an air distributor, and an intelligent controller; the outlet of the blower is sequentially connected to the air distributor and the air inlet of the biomass gasifier, and the inlet of the blower is connected to the hot air outlet of the heat exchanger. Valves are respectively installed on the first and second gas outlets of the biomass gasifier, and the intelligent controller is connected to the valves and controls the opening degree of the two valves respectively.

[0008] Furthermore, the heating furnace device also includes a burner, which is installed on one side of the heating furnace. The other side of the heating furnace is connected to the inlet of the activated carbon permanent desorber, and the second gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is connected to the gas inlet of the burner. An air inlet is provided on the burner, and the air distributor is connected to the first air inlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the furnace chamber of the heating furnace is provided with at least two rows of fire-resistant walls at intervals. These fire-resistant walls are constructed of refractory material, and each fire-resistant wall has several through holes. The thickness of each fire-resistant wall is 500-800 mm, and the vent holes are cylindrical with a diameter of 50-100 mm. The air supply inlet is located between the first and second rows of fire-resistant walls near the burner.

[0010] Furthermore, the heating furnace is provided with an air supply port, which is preferably located between two rows of fire baffles. The air supply port is connected to the steam outlet of the steam boiler, and a regulating valve is provided between the air supply port and the steam outlet of the steam boiler.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The structure of this solution is scientifically sound and reasonable. It employs two different heating methods—a biomass heating furnace and a steam boiler—to perform desorption treatment on the activated carbon temporary desorber and the activated carbon permanent desorber, respectively. The VOC organic waste gas generated during the desorption process is then fed into the biomass gasification furnace for further treatment, achieving a circular economy and energy conservation and emission reduction. It can fully recover and utilize the VOC organic waste gas released during activated carbon desorption and the heat contained in the biomass waste left over from industrial processing (such as furniture factories). While meeting the needs of activated carbon desorption, it can also supply steam for external heating users, achieving the goal of turning waste into treasure and serving as a model of circular economy. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of an energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is worth noting that these specific embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. The specific methods, apparatuses, conditions, materials, etc., exemplified are not intended to limit the present invention or the corresponding specific embodiments. Specifically, the descriptions of the temperatures of steam, air, flue gas, etc., in this embodiment are optimal examples and do not limit their specific operating temperatures. Furthermore, the devices in the figures are only used to express their relative positions and are not drawn to scale; this is explained in advance. In the accompanying drawings, the arrows indicate the flow direction of the fluid.

[0014] like Figure 1As shown, an energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system includes an activated carbon desorption unit, a biomass gasification unit, a steam boiler unit, and a heating furnace unit. The biomass gasification unit is connected to both the steam boiler unit and the heating furnace unit, providing them with biomass fuel. The steam boiler unit and the heating furnace unit are respectively connected to the activated carbon desorption unit, providing them with two different types of heat energy required for the desorption process. The activated carbon desorption unit is connected to the biomass gasification unit, allowing the waste gas generated during the desorption process to be recycled and reused through the biomass gasification unit, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0015] In this embodiment, the activated carbon desorption device consists of a temporary activated carbon desorber 11 and a permanent activated carbon desorber 12. The biomass gasification device includes a biomass gasifier 21, a blower 22, an air distributor 23, and an intelligent controller 24. The steam boiler device includes a steam boiler 31, a steam distribution cylinder 32, a heat exchanger 33, and a chimney 34. The heating furnace device includes a heating furnace 41 and a burner 42. The top of the biomass gasifier 21 is a feeding port for feeding biomass waste from a furniture factory. Its bottom is provided with a first air inlet, a second air inlet, and a third air inlet. The first air inlet is connected to the outlet of the temporary activated carbon desorber 11, the second air inlet is connected to the outlet of the permanent activated carbon desorber 12, and the third air inlet is connected to the outlet of the air distributor 23. The biomass gasifier 21 has a first gas outlet and a second gas outlet on each side. The first gas outlet is connected to the burner (not shown in the attached diagram) of the steam boiler 31, where combustion heat converts the cold water in the steam boiler 31 into steam at 160°C. The steam outlet of the steam boiler 31 is connected to the inlet of the steam distributor 32, which may have three outlets: one connected to a heat user, one connected to the inlet of the activated carbon temporary desorber, and the last connected to the heating furnace 41. The steam boiler 31 supplies the 160°C steam to the activated carbon temporary desorber for low-temperature desorption treatment. The flue gas outlet of the steam boiler 31 discharges 200°C flue gas, which is connected to the chimney 34 through the flue gas side channel of the heat exchanger 33. After heat exchange in the heat exchanger 33, the flue gas from the steam boiler 31 can be cooled to about 120°C before entering the chimney 34 for discharge. The hot air outlet of the air-side passage of the heat exchanger 33 is connected to the inlet of the blower 22. Cold air at 20°C is heated to 150°C by the flue gas from the steam boiler 31 through the air-side passage of the heat exchanger 33 before entering the blower 22. The outlet of the blower 22 is connected to the air distributor 23 and the third air inlet of the biomass gasifier 21 via pipes. The burner 42 is installed on one side of the heater 41. The gas inlet of the burner 42 is connected to the second gas outlet on the side of the biomass gasifier 21. The burner 42 is also provided with an air inlet (not labeled in the figure). The first air inlet is connected to the air distributor 23. After the biomass gas and hot air are fully mixed and burned in the burner 42, they become hot flue gas at 1200°C and enter the heater 41.The furnace chamber of the heating furnace 41 is provided with two rows of fire baffles 43 at intervals (in this embodiment, the optimal design of the fire baffles is two rows, but in practice, there can be more than two rows). The fire baffles 43 are constructed of refractory material, and each fire baffle is provided with several through holes. The heating furnace 41 is provided with an air inlet (not labeled in the figure). The air inlet is preferably located between the two rows of fire baffles. The air inlet is connected to the steam outlet of the steam boiler 31. A regulating valve 5 is provided between the air inlet and the steam outlet of the steam boiler 31. After the 1200°C hot flue gas is rectified by the first fire baffle, it is mixed with another stream of steam sent from the steam boiler 31. The regulating valve 5 can adjust the amount of steam sent from the steam boiler 31 to the heating furnace 41. When the flue gas is rectified by the second porous fire baffle, the high-temperature flue gas and steam can be mixed evenly, and the final flue gas temperature at the outlet of the heating furnace 41 drops to about 700-1000°C. The outlet on the other side of the heating furnace 41 is connected to the inlet of the permanent activated carbon desorber 12, supplying the permanent activated carbon desorber 12 with a mixed gas of CO2 + CO + N2 + steam at approximately 700-1000℃ generated by the heating furnace 41 for high-temperature desorption treatment. The outlet of the permanent activated carbon desorber 12 is connected to the second air inlet of the biomass gasification furnace 21. The gas discharged from the outlet of the temporary activated carbon desorber 11 to the first air inlet is steam + VOC organic waste gas generated by the temporary desorption treatment. The gas discharged from the outlet of the permanent activated carbon desorber 12 to the second air inlet is CO2 + CO + N2 + VOC organic waste gas generated by the permanent desorption treatment. The gas discharged from the air distributor 23 to the third air inlet is 150-degree hot air discharged from the air distributor 23. The VOC organic waste gas can be completely burned off during the biomass gasification process, and its calorific value can be recovered.

[0016] Furthermore, the first gas outlet and the second gas outlet of the biomass gasifier 21 are respectively equipped with corresponding electric first valve 201 and second valve 202. The intelligent controller 24 is electrically connected to the first valve 201 and the second valve 202. The intelligent controller 24 incorporates an optimization algorithm, which can flexibly adjust and control the opening of the two electric valves according to the activated carbon temporary desorber 11, the activated carbon permanent desorber 12 and the energy demand of the heat user, to ensure that the flow rate of the two biomass gas (mainly composed of CO2+CO+N2) meets the requirements and achieves supply and demand balance.

[0017] Furthermore, the thickness of each firewall 43 is preferably 500-800 mm, and the through hole is a cylindrical hole with a diameter preferably 50-100 mm.

[0018] The key feature of this solution is that the activated carbon temporary desorber 11 requires low-temperature desorption treatment using steam at around 160°C, while the activated carbon permanent desorber 12 requires high-temperature desorption treatment using oxygen-free flue gas (mainly CO2+CO+N2+steam) at around 700°C to 1000°C generated by the heating furnace 41 (oxygen must be removed to prevent activated carbon from igniting; the steam boiler 31 supplements the heating furnace 41 with steam, which also effectively prevents activated carbon from igniting during high-temperature desorption). This invention uses two different heating methods to generate two different gases for production. The VOC organic waste gas generated after desorption by the activated carbon temporary desorber 11 and the activated carbon permanent desorber 12 is then sent to the biomass gasification furnace 21 for treatment, thus achieving a circular economy, energy conservation, and emission reduction.

[0019] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent application and the description of the invention shall still fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system, characterized in that, The device comprises an activated carbon desorption device, a biomass gasification device, a steam boiler device and a heating furnace device, wherein the activated carbon desorption device comprises an activated carbon temporary desorber and an activated carbon permanent desorber, the biomass gasification device comprises a biomass gasification furnace, the steam boiler device comprises a steam boiler, and the heating furnace device comprises a heating furnace; a first gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is connected to the steam boiler, a steam outlet of the steam boiler is connected to an inlet of the activated carbon temporary desorber, the heating furnace is connected to an inlet of the activated carbon permanent desorber, and outlets of the activated carbon temporary desorber and the activated carbon permanent desorber are respectively connected to a gas inlet of the biomass gasification furnace; the steam boiler device further comprises a steam distribution cylinder arranged between the steam boiler and the activated carbon temporary desorber; the heating furnace device further comprises a burner mounted on one side of the heating furnace, the other side of the heating furnace is connected to the inlet of the activated carbon permanent desorber, and a second gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is connected to a gas inlet of the burner; a supplementary air inlet is arranged on the heating furnace and is in communication with the steam outlet of the steam boiler, and an adjusting valve is arranged between the supplementary air inlet and the steam outlet of the steam boiler.

2. The energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam boiler device further comprises a heat exchanger and a chimney, and a flue gas outlet of the steam boiler is sequentially connected to the heat exchanger and the chimney.

3. The energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least two rows of fireproof walls are arranged in the hearth of the heating furnace at intervals, and each of the fireproof walls is made of refractory material and is provided with a plurality of air holes.

4. The energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomass gasification device further comprises a blower and an air distributor, and an outlet of the blower is sequentially connected to the air distributor and a gas inlet of the biomass gasification furnace.

5. The energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steam boiler device further comprises a heat exchanger, and a flue gas outlet of the steam boiler is connected to the heat exchanger; and a hot air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the blower.

6. The energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by The heating furnace device further comprises a burner, and a second gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace is connected to a gas inlet of the burner; the biomass gasification device further comprises an intelligent controller, and valves are respectively arranged on the first gas outlet and the second gas outlet of the biomass gasification furnace; the intelligent controller is connected to the two valves and controls the opening degrees of the two valves.

7. The energy-saving activated carbon desorption treatment system according to claim 6, characterized in that, An air inlet is arranged on the burner, and the air distributor is connected to the air inlet.

Images