Reducer with a rotatably mounted toothed component and method for producing a reducer with a toothed component

Abstract

The invention relates to a reducer having a rotatably supported toothed component and a method for producing a reducer having a toothed component, wherein the toothed component has a bearing receptacle and a toothing, wherein the toothed component, in particular together with the toothing, is made of sintered metal powder, in particular wherein the toothed component is designed as an integral part, in particular as a one-piece component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a reduction gear having a rotatably mounted toothed component and a method for producing a reduction gear having a toothed component. Background Art

[0002] It is generally known that, for example in fischertechnik model toys, reduction gears have toothed parts which are each connected to a shaft in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0003] As the closest prior art, a speed reducer for a generator is known from document US 2013 / 0 068 057 A1.

[0004] DE 1 892 456 U discloses a toothed blank made of pressed sintered material.

[0005] A power transmission device for an accessory device is known from DE 40 21 024 A1.

[0006] From document JP 2006-281 264 A a production method for a reducer is known. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is therefore to improve a reduction gear, wherein the reduction gear can be designed to be compact, ie in particular high torques can be transmitted in a small spatial volume.

[0008] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a reduction gear according to the features specified in claim 1 and by a method according to the features specified in claim 10 .

[0009] With regard to the reducer, an essential feature of the invention is that a reducer with a rotatably mounted toothed component is provided, wherein the toothed component has a bearing receptacle and a toothing.

[0010] The toothed component, in particular together with the toothing, is made of sintered metal powder.

[0011] In particular, the toothed element is designed in one piece, in particular in one piece.

[0012] The advantage here is that the toothed part can be manufactured together with the shaft in a simple and cost-effective manner. The toothed part itself therefore already has a bearing receptacle. Since the toothed part is made of metal, the load-bearing capacity is very high. Machining of the toothing is not necessary, since it is formed during sintering.

[0013] In an advantageous embodiment, the toothing is arranged axially between two bearing receptacles. This has the advantage that the toothed element is supported on both sides.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment, the toothing has a first chamfered surface on its outer edge in the radial direction.

[0015] In particular, the first chamfered surface has an angle value of between 10° and 30°, in particular between 15° and 25°, relative to the axial direction at each circumferential position, in particular at each circumferential angular position. This has the advantage that the toothing is beveled / chamfered at the radially inner and radially outer edges. In particular, in the case of 15° to 25°, a particularly good quality can be achieved.

[0016] In an advantageous embodiment, the toothing has a second chamfered surface on its radially inner edge.

[0017] In particular, the second chamfered surface has an angle value of between 10° and 30°, in particular between 15° and 25°, relative to the axial direction at each circumferential position, in particular at each circumferential angular position. This has the advantage that the toothing is chamfered at the radially inner and radially outer edges. In particular, at 15° to 25°, a particularly good quality can be achieved.

[0018] In an advantageous design, the first conical circumferential surface includes a first chamfered surface.

[0019] Wherein, the second conical peripheral surface includes a second chamfered surface,

[0020] wherein the intersection line formed by the first chamfered surface and the second chamfered surface is arranged on the side of the toothed component facing the flat toothing, and / or wherein the intersection line of the first chamfered surface and the second chamfered surface is arranged closer to the respective tooth top of the toothing than to the respective tooth root of the toothing,

[0021] In particular, the cone tip of the cone of the first conical circumferential surface is arranged on the center axis, the rotational symmetry axis and / or the rotation axis of the toothed component,

[0022] In particular, the cone tip of the cone of the second conical circumferential surface is arranged on the center axis, the rotational symmetry axis and / or the rotation axis of the toothed component,

[0023] In particular, the intersection formed is a circle whose center is arranged on the center axis, the rotational symmetry axis and / or the rotation axis of the toothed part. This has the advantage that the toothing is beveled on the inner and outer edges, so that demoulding can be achieved in a simple manner. However, the working surface for the toothing is reduced in this way.

[0024] In an advantageous embodiment, the apex angle / opening angle of the cone of the first conical circumferential surface is Between 20° and 60°, especially between 30° and 50°,

[0025] The apex angle of the cone of the second conical circumferential surface is between 20° and 60°, in particular between 30° and 50°. The advantage here is that during demoulding, there is a sufficiently large demoulding slope on the inner edge and the outer edge to ensure quality-assured demoulding.

[0026] In an advantageous design, the toothing is a flat toothing, in particular a flat toothing on the axial end side of the radially protruding region of the toothed component. Advantageously, the toothing can be designed as the toothing of a crown gear, such as a spiral face gear or a hypoid gear.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, a transition region, in particular a rounded region, is arranged between a region covered in the axial direction by the toothing, i.e., in particular, an axial region covered by the toothing, and a region covered in the axial direction by the first of the two bearing receptacles, i.e., in particular, an axial region covered by the first of the two bearing receptacles.

[0028] The outer radius and / or diameter measured in the radial direction increases strictly monotonically and in a continuously differentiable manner, in particular smoothly, as the distance from the toothing decreases. This has the advantage that the notch effect is reduced, in particular in the area of ​​the torque transmission from the toothing to the bearing receptacle area.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, the transition region axially adjoins the axial region covered by the toothing. This has the advantage that a torque transmission with reduced notch effects can be achieved.

[0030] In an advantageous embodiment, each tooth of the planar toothing extends in an arcuate manner, ie has an increasing circumferential angle, in particular as the radial spacing increases.

[0031] The tooth thickness of each tooth of the toothing increases first and then decreases with increasing radial distance, wherein the increase is implemented strictly monotonically and the decrease is also implemented strictly monotonically. The advantage here is that during demolding of the toothed component after sintering, each tooth has a demolding slope in the direction of the tooth face line, which enables reliable demolding with high quality. In addition, the teeth are also designed accordingly in the direction of the tooth profile, i.e. transversely to the extension of the arc, in order to achieve such demolding. For this purpose, the tooth thickness decreases strictly monotonically in the axial direction, i.e., in particular from the root to the tip of the tooth.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment, the radial spacing area covered by the transition area is spaced apart from the radial spacing area covered by the toothing, in particular smaller than the radial spacing area covered by the toothing. This has the advantage that the load-bearing material of the toothed component can be kept as small as possible.

[0033] In an advantageous embodiment, the transition region at its end facing away from the toothing transitions in a continuously differentiable manner into the first region of the toothed element.

[0034] In this case, the toothed element radius and / or toothed element diameter measured in the radial direction in the first region increases monotonically, but in particular not strictly monotonically, in particular in a stepped manner, from the axial end of the toothed element as the distance to the toothing decreases. This has the advantage that the notch effect can be kept small.

[0035] In an advantageous design, the adjusting shim is in contact with a stepped portion of the toothed component, which is axially spaced from the toothing and is arranged on the side of the toothing axially facing away from the transition region, and the adjusting shim is axially arranged between the stepped portion and the inner ring of the bearing received on the first bearing receiving portion of the toothed component, in particular, the adjusting shim contacts the inner ring. The advantage here is that the tooth clearance, i.e. the axial position of the tooth relative to the pinion of the reducer meshing with the toothing, can be adjusted using the adjusting shim designed as a single piece or multiple pieces. In addition, the tooth clearance and / or the bearing preload on the rotating component can be adjusted. Therefore, during assembly, the adjusting shim is placed on the toothed component and the tooth clearance, the bearing clearance and / or the bearing preload are adjusted thereby. The advantage of the increased moment of inertia achieved in this way is that the speed fluctuation is reduced.

[0036] In an advantageous embodiment, the toothed element is designed to be rotationally symmetrical.

[0037] In particular, the toothed part has a continuous rotational symmetry excluding the toothing.

[0038] In particular, the toothing has a discrete rotational symmetry, in particular the discrete rotational symmetry corresponds to the number of teeth of the toothing or the order / multiplicity of the discrete rotational symmetry. This has the advantage that the higher moment of inertia of the toothed component can be reduced, ideally to zero.

[0039] In an advantageous embodiment, the toothing of the toothed part meshes with the toothing of a metallic, non-sintered further toothed part. This has the advantage that the rough toothed part, corresponding to the sintered production method, meshes with the smooth metallic further toothed part and thus experiences less wear, i.e., a long service life is achieved. Although the further toothed part can also be produced from sintered metal powder and more cost-effectively, the service life is lower than if a less rough metallic, finely processed further toothed part is used.

[0040] However, if the further toothed part is produced from sintered metal powder, post-processing of the toothing by means of a laser is advantageous, since a less rough surface is produced in the toothing as a result.

[0041] In an advantageous embodiment, a shaft sealing ring seat is arranged on the side of the second bearing receptacle facing away from the toothing.

[0042] In particular, the shaft sealing ring seat is profiled, in particular by rolling, in particular by roller profiling. The advantage here is that a high level of protection, in particular sealing, can be achieved, in particular between the interior of the reducer and the surrounding environment.

[0043] An essential feature of the method for producing the aforementioned reduction gear is that the toothed component is produced exclusively by sintering metal powder, ie in particular no machining of the toothing and / or the bearing receptacle is carried out.

[0044] The advantage here is that, in particular compared to injection-molded parts, an extremely strong and highly load-bearing toothed component can be produced simply and quickly.

[0045] In an advantageous embodiment, a further toothed part made of sintered metal powder meshes with the toothed part, the teeth of which are flattened by laser post-processing after sintering. This has the advantage that the wear of the sintered toothed part is reduced because the toothed part meshes with the further flat toothed part.

[0046] Further advantages are given by the dependent claims. The invention is not limited to the feature combinations of the claims. For a person skilled in the art, other reasonable combinations of the claims and / or the features of the individual claims and / or the features of the description and / or the features of the drawings are apparent, in particular from the objectives proposed and / or from a comparison with the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Now the present invention is described in detail according to the schematic diagram:

[0048] exist Figure 1 : A toothed component 1 according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section.

[0049] exist Figure 2 2 shows a top view of the toothed component 1 in the axial direction.

[0050] exist Figure 3 A side view of the toothed component 1 is shown in FIG.

[0051] exist Figure 4 Detailed Description of the Invention A further toothed component 1 according to the invention is shown in longitudinal section, which has a receptacle for a spindle of a machining machine.

[0052] exist Figure 5 1 shows a side view of another toothed component 1 according to the invention, wherein a chamfered surface 50 can be seen on the radial outer edge of the toothing 2 of the toothed component.

[0053] exist Figure 6 The toothed part 1 corresponds to Figure 5 2 , in which the chamfered surface 60 can also be seen on the radial inner edge of the toothing 2 .

[0054] exist Figure 7 The enlarged Figure 6 area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] As in Figures 1 to 3 As shown in FIG. 1 , the toothed component has a flat toothing 2 . The toothing is arranged in the radially projecting region of the toothed component 1 .

[0056] The toothed component 1 is designed as a rotating body apart from the toothing 2 .

[0057] The axial direction is the axis of rotation of the rotating body.

[0058] Bearing receiving portions (3, 4) are arranged on both axial sides of the radially protruding region.

[0059] A bearing, in particular an inner ring of a bearing, can be inserted onto each of the bearing receptacles (3, 4), wherein the respectively associated outer ring of the corresponding bearing can be received in the housing of the reducer.

[0060] Therefore, the toothed member 1 is integrally formed and supported in the housing of the speed reducer.

[0061] From a first axial end region of the toothed element 1 to a radially protruding region of the toothed element 1 , the shaft diameter increases monotonically, in particular monotonically in a step-like manner.

[0062] From the other axial end region of the toothed element 1 , the shaft diameter likewise increases monotonically, in particular monotonically in a step-like manner.

[0063] The radially protruding region has a rounding 5 on the side of the toothing 2. The shaft diameter increases strictly monotonically, in particular smoothly, in the axial direction in a continuously differentiable manner in this rounding. The axial region covered by the rounding 5 is followed by a step, i.e. an axial region with a constant shaft diameter, in particular wherein this shaft diameter is the maximum shaft diameter of the toothed component 1.

[0064] The shaft diameter is hereby the largest diameter measured in the radial direction.

[0065] The radially spaced region covered by the rounded portion 5 is spaced apart from the radially spaced region covered by the toothing 2 , in particular it is smaller than the radially spaced region covered by the toothing 2 .

[0066] The radially spaced region covered by the toothing 2 is defined by the shaft diameter of the axial region with a constant shaft diameter.

[0067] The axial region with constant shaft diameter includes the axial region covered by the toothing.

[0068] The toothed component 1 is made of sintered metal powder. Here, steel is preferably used as the metal.

[0069] Therefore, the toothed part 1 has the shape of a cylindrical perforated disk with flat toothing, through which the shaft with shaft step passes through an opening, in particular a hole, arranged centrally in the perforated disk. In addition, however, a rounding 5 is added on the side of the perforated disk with flat toothing.

[0070] The toothing 2 is preferably designed as a helical toothing or a hypoid toothing.

[0071] Since the shaft diameter increases in a stepped manner in the region protruding radially from the bearing receptacle 3 , the stepped portion is suitable for installing shims.

[0072] In order to axially position the bearing mounted on the bearing receptacle 4, an adjusting shim, i.e. a perforated disc, is mounted on the toothed part 1. Here, the adjusting shim rests on the stepped portion of the radially protruding area. The clear inner diameter of the adjusting shim is larger than the shaft diameter in the area covered by the bearing receptacle 3.

[0073] Therefore, the adjusting shim is arranged between the radially protruding area and the inner ring of the bearing. Therefore, although the rotational inertia of the rotating part is increased thereby, the adjusting shim abuts against the inner ring of the bearing and can achieve axial positioning of the rotating toothed component 1. Therefore, the outer ring of the bearing can advantageously directly abut the stepped portion of the housing part.

[0074] Since the toothed component 1 can be produced in a mold by sintering, it is not necessary to machine the toothing.

[0075] Likewise, machining of the bearing receptacles 3 and 4 can be omitted.

[0076] However, in other embodiments according to the present invention, a sealing of the interior space of the reducer relative to the surrounding environment should be provided. For this purpose, a shaft sealing ring seat 6 is then arranged on the side of the bearing receiving portion 4 facing away from the toothed portion. Therefore, the interior space of the reducer can be sealed relative to the surrounding environment by means of a shaft sealing ring arranged at the shaft sealing ring seat. In order to establish the sealing property, it is necessary to perform a shaping process on the shaft sealing ring. This is because sealing can only be achieved when a negligible roughness is provided on the shaft sealing ring seat 6. As a shaping process, rolling, i.e., processing using rollers, is preferably provided, wherein, in order to centrally receive the toothed component 1 on the mandrel of the processing machine, openings, in particular centering holes, which are arranged centrally and axially point into the toothed component are provided in the toothed component 1, i.e., in the axial front end region and the axial rear end region of the toothed component 1, respectively, and the openings are not shown in the figure.

[0077] In other embodiments according to the invention, a truncated cone-shaped and / or truncated cone-shaped opening is centrally formed in the toothed element 1. The axis of rotational symmetry of the truncated cone is therefore the axis of rotation of the toothed element 1.

[0078] The axial region covered by the opening includes the axial region covered by the radially protruding region, ie in particular the axial region of the perforated disk.

[0079] The opening opens into the surroundings and, in the interior of the toothed component, passes through the axial region covered by the toothing 2. The moment of inertia is thus reduced, which in particular exceeds the increase in the moment of inertia caused by the adjusting shim.

[0080] The opening enables a thin-walled embodiment of the toothed element 1 , since no key connection is required between the toothing region and the stepped shaft.

[0081] exist Figure 4 An exemplary embodiment similar to this is shown in , in which the axial region covered by the opening does not include the axial region covered by the radially protruding region, ie in particular does not include the axial region of the perforated disk, but only overlaps with the axial region of the perforated disk.

[0082] As in Figures 5 to 7 As shown in FIG, a particularly advantageously formed toothing 2 has a second chamfered surface 60 on its radial inner edge and a first chamfered surface 50 on its radial outer edge. The two chamfered surfaces are partial areas of the circumference of a corresponding cone, the apex angle of which is between 20° and 60°. However, a particularly good manufacturing quality can be achieved with an apex angle between 30° and 50°.

[0083] The intersection surface of the two cones is a circle which is arranged closer to the tip of the toothing 2 than to the root of the toothing 2. The center of the circle is arranged on the symmetry axis of the toothed part 1. The toothed part 1 has N discrete rotational symmetries about the symmetry axis, where N is the number of teeth of the planar toothing.

[0084] List of reference numerals:

[0085] 1 Toothed part

[0086] 2 Teeth

[0087] 3 Bearing receiving part

[0088] 4 Bearing receiving part

[0089] 5. Rounded part

[0090] 6 Shaft sealing ring seat

Claims

1. A speed reducer having a toothed member rotatably supported, It is characterized in that The toothed component has a bearing receiving portion and a toothed portion, Among them, the toothed parts are made of sintered metal powder. Among them, the toothed part is designed as a one-piece, The toothing is a flat toothing on the axial end side of the radially protruding region of the toothed component, The tooth thickness of each tooth of the toothing increases first and then decreases with increasing radial distance, Each tooth of the toothed portion has a first chamfered surface on its outer edge in the radial direction, and each tooth of the toothed portion has a second chamfered surface on its inner edge in the radial direction, and the first chamfered surface and the second chamfered surface are not meshing surfaces, A transition area is arranged between an area covered by the toothing in the axial direction and an area covered by the first of the two bearing receptacles in the axial direction, wherein the transition area is a rounded area, and the first chamfered surface has an angle value of between 10° and 30° relative to the axial direction at each circumferential position.

2. The reducer according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The toothing is arranged axially between the two bearing receptacles.

3. The reducer according to claim 1, It is characterized in that in, The first chamfered surface has an angle value of between 15° and 25° relative to the axial direction at each circumferential position.

4. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that in, The second chamfered surface has an angle value of between 10° and 30° relative to the axial direction at each circumferential position.

5. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The first conical peripheral surface includes a first chamfered surface, Wherein, the second conical peripheral surface includes a second chamfered surface, wherein the intersection line of the first chamfered surface with the second chamfered surface is arranged on the side of the toothed component facing the planar toothing, and / or wherein the intersection line of the first chamfered surface with the second chamfered surface is arranged closer to the respective tooth tip of the toothing than to the respective tooth root of the toothing, The cone tip of the cone of the first conical circumferential surface is arranged on the center axis, the rotational symmetry axis and / or the rotation axis of the toothed component. The cone tip of the cone of the second conical circumferential surface is arranged on the center axis, the rotational symmetry axis and / or the rotation axis of the toothed component. In this case, the intersection line is a circle, the center of which is arranged on the center axis, the axis of rotational symmetry and / or the axis of rotation of the toothed component.

6. The reducer according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The apex angle of the cone of the first conical peripheral surface is between 20° and 60°, The apex angle of the cone of the second conical peripheral surface is between 20° and 60°.

7. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that in, The normal direction of the flat axial end face, ignoring the toothing, is oriented parallel to the axis of rotation of the toothed part.

8. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that Each tooth of the flat toothing extends in an arcuate manner and has an increasing circumferential angle as the radial distance increases.

9. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that in, The outer radius and / or the diameter measured in the radial direction increases strictly monotonically and in a continuously differentiable manner with decreasing distance from the toothing.

10. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The transition region axially adjoins the axial region covered by the toothing, and / or The radially spaced area covered by the transition area is spaced apart from the radially spaced area covered by the teeth and is smaller than the radially spaced area covered by the teeth.

11. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The transition region transitions at its end facing away from the toothing in a continuously differentiable manner into the first region of the toothed part, wherein the radius and / or diameter of the toothed element measured in the radial direction increases monotonically, but not strictly monotonically, from an axial end of the toothed element in a first region with decreasing distance from the toothing, and / or The adjusting shim bears against a stepped portion of the toothed component, the stepped portion being axially spaced apart from the toothed portion and being arranged on a side of the toothed portion axially facing away from the transition region, the adjusting shim being axially arranged between the stepped portion and the inner ring of the bearing, the adjusting shim contacting the inner ring, and / or The toothed parts are designed to be rotationally symmetrical. Wherein, with the rotation axis of the toothed component as a reference, the toothed component has continuous rotational symmetry except for the tooth portion, The toothing has a discrete rotational symmetry which corresponds to the number of teeth of the toothing or the order of which is equal to the number of teeth of the toothing.

12. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The teeth of the toothed part mesh with the teeth of another toothed part which is metallic and not sintered, The toothing of the toothed component or the toothing of the further toothed component is reworked by means of a laser and is thermally flattened on the surface. and / or A shaft sealing ring seat is arranged on the side of the second bearing receptacle facing away from the toothing. The shaft seal ring seat is processed by roller forming through rolling.

13. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The toothed part is designed as a solid shaft. and / or the radial spacing region covered by the material of the toothed component covers the entire radial spacing region which extends between the minimum radial distance and the minimum radial distance of the first bearing receptacle or of the second bearing receptacle, In this case, the radial distance is based on the rotation axis of the toothed component and / or represents the distance from the rotation axis of the toothed component.

14. The reducer according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The toothed element has an axially extending truncated cone-shaped opening which is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the rotation axis of the toothed element. wherein the axial region covered by the opening includes a region covered by the radially protruding region in the axial direction or overlaps with the region, The opening opens into the surroundings and passes through the region within the toothed component which is covered by the toothing in the axial direction.

15. A method for manufacturing a reducer having a toothed component according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 14, It is characterized in that The toothed component is produced exclusively by sintering metal powder, without any machining of the toothing and / or the bearing receptacle, Therein, another toothed component made of sintered metal powder meshes with the toothed component, and the toothed portion of the other toothed component is flattened by laser post-processing after sintering.

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