A layered melt structure and an energized protection device that sequentially breaks a conductor and the layered melt

Abstract

The application discloses a layered melt structure and an excitation protection device for sequentially breaking a conductor and layered melts, which comprises at least two melts, the melts are arranged in layers from top to bottom, and the melts are connected in parallel at both ends to form a connecting end. The excitation protection device comprises a shell, an excitation source, an impact device, a conductor, and the layered melt structure of the application is further connected in parallel on the conductor; after the impact device is driven by the excitation source to break the conductor, the impact device sequentially breaks each layer of melts on the layered melt structure. The layered melt structure can improve the arc extinguishing capacity and breaking capacity of the excitation protection device.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electric power control and electric vehicles, and particularly relates to an excitation protection device for current breaking by sequentially breaking a conductor and a layered melt. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in addition to the traditional thermal fuse, there is an excitation protection device for rapidly cutting off an opening in the electric vehicle battery pack protection device, and the application range is gradually expanding. The fuse is a protection device that uses the current heat accumulation effect to make the current sensing point (narrow neck) of the melt melt and break off and extinguish the arc in a certain time. The excitation protection device is a kind of rapid protection device that uses an electronic gas generating device to push an insulator to cut off a conductor to form a physical break in a short time.

[0003] The advantages of the fuse are mature and stable, high breaking upper limit, and strong arc extinguishing capability, and the disadvantages are poor current impact resistance, large heat generation, long time required to break the circuit under low fault current, inability to achieve rapid protection, inability to achieve complete physical isolation after the fuse is broken, mainly reflected in the small value of the post-breakage insulation resistance, the value range is 0.1MΩ-50MΩ, and large volume and weight. The advantages of the excitation protection device are rapid protection by rapidly cutting off an opening, good current impact resistance, small heat generation, complete physical isolation after breaking, and the post-breakage insulation resistance value range is above 550MΩ, and the disadvantages are that the breaking upper limit is not high by cutting off an opening alone, and the arc extinguishing capability is weak (depending on air cooling or extrusion arc extinguishing).

[0004] In order to improve the arc extinguishing capacity and breaking capacity, a scheme of connecting a fuse in parallel with the conductor of the excitation protection device has been proposed, and a better scheme of the excitation protection device which breaks the conductor and the fuse in parallel with the conductor in turn has been further proposed. Under the small fault current, the scheme mainly uses the broken conductor to disconnect the fuse without melting the fuse; under the medium fault current, the conductor is first broken, the current is transferred to the fuse, the fuse starts to melt, and the fuse is cut off during the melting process to accelerate the arc extinguishing and breaking; under the large fault current, the conductor is first broken, the current is transferred to the fuse, the fuse is quickly and completely melted, and finally the fuse is broken without current to achieve complete physical isolation. The current problem of the excitation fuse is that, under the medium fault current, the conductor has been broken, and the fuse is relied on to intervene in the breaking of the fault current, but the medium fault current cannot make the fuse melt quickly, and the fault current can only be cut off by cutting off the fuse, which is difficult to break the fault current. Under the medium fault current, the conductor is first broken, the fuse is partially melted but not completely melted, and the breaking of the fault current can only rely on the forced breaking of the fuse, which is called step current. As the range of the breaking fault current increases, the fuse with higher breaking capacity is needed, and the step current also increases. For example, the fuse for breaking 0-10KA fault current has a step current of 3-6KA, and the fuse for breaking 0-20KA fault current has a step current of 6-12KA. As the market demand for high-voltage protection devices increases, the breaking capacity requirement also increases, which means that the upper limit of the step current will also increase, the range will also increase, and the problem under the step current will be magnified, which may result in poor post-breakage insulation resistance and even breaking failure. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a layered fuse structure and an excitation protection device which breaks the conductor and the layered fuse in turn, and a plurality of fuses are arranged in layers in parallel with the conductor. When a large fault current occurs, the layered fuses are broken in turn after the conductor is broken, and as the fuses are cut off layer by layer, the cross-sectional area of the fuses decreases, and the step current also decreases, so that the step current is reduced to the range that the cutting structure can withstand, the normal breaking is realized, and complete physical isolation is achieved.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the present application is a layered fuse structure, which comprises at least two fuses, characterized in that the fuses are arranged in layers from top to bottom, and the two ends of the fuses are connected in parallel to form a connection end.

[0007] Preferably, the fuses are bent to be arranged in layers.

[0008] Preferably, the connection end is provided with a connection through hole.

[0009] Preferably, each of the melts is provided with a breaking weak point.

[0010] Preferably, the melts are provided with narrow necks.

[0011] The application also provides an excitation protection device for sequentially breaking a conductor and layered melts, comprising a shell, an excitation source, an impact device, a conductor, and the layered melt structure connected in parallel on the conductor; when the excitation source drives the impact device to break the conductor, the impact device sequentially breaks each layer of the layered melt structure.

[0012] Preferably, each of the melts is provided with at least one pre-breaking point, and a push block mechanism is arranged at the at least one pre-breaking point; the impact device drives the push block mechanism to break the pre-breaking point of the melt to form a breaking point.

[0013] Preferably, the push block mechanism is clamped on the pre-breaking point of the melt in the form of a nested device.

[0014] Preferably, the layered melt structure is located in the shell below the conductor, each of the melts of the conductor and the layered melt structure is provided with at least one breaking weak point, and an impact head corresponding to the breaking weak point of the conductor and each of the melts is arranged on the impact device.

[0015] Preferably, the shell comprises, from top to bottom, a protective sleeve, a support shell, an upper shell, a lower shell, a melt shell, and a support plate, and the contact surfaces between the shells are sealed; the excitation source is arranged in the support shell and fixed through the protective sleeve, and the contact surface between the excitation source and the support shell is sealed; the impact device is arranged in the upper shell, and the contact surface between the impact device and the upper shell is sealed; the conductor is fixed between the upper shell and the lower shell; the layered melt structure is located in the lower shell and supported by the melt shell; and the support plate is used to fix the melt shell.

[0016] Preferably, a convex block and groove structure for assembly, positioning, and sealing is arranged between the end surfaces of the support shell and the upper shell.

[0017] Preferably, a circle of chamfered inclined surfaces is formed at the upper end of the cavity of the upper shell, and a pointed convex rib is correspondingly arranged at the upper end of the impact device, the pointed convex rib is clamped on the chamfered inclined surfaces to limit the initial position of the impact device.

[0018] Preferably, an arc extinguishing medium is filled in the closed cavity formed by the lower shell and the melt shell, the melts are arranged in the arc extinguishing medium, and the narrow necks of the melts are completely located in the arc extinguishing medium.

[0019] The parallel melt structure of the present application, which arranges multiple melts in layers to form a whole parallel melt structure, simplifies the assembly process of the excitation protection device with multiple melts arranged in layers, and improves the assembly efficiency. In the excitation protection device, multiple melts are arranged in layers in parallel, multiple breaks are formed on the conductor and the parallel melts in turn, and the current flowing through the melts is gradually reduced, which makes it easier to extinguish the arc. When a large fault current is encountered, after the conductor is disconnected, the melts arranged in layers are disconnected in turn. As the melts are cut layer by layer, the cross-sectional area of the melts decreases, and the step current also decreases, thereby reducing the step current to a range that the cutting structure can withstand, achieving normal breaking and achieving complete physical isolation. Therefore, the excitation protection device using the parallel melt structure of the present application greatly improves the breaking capacity and arc extinguishing capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a layered melt structure.

[0021] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an excitation protection device using a layered melt structure.

[0022] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an excitation protection device using a layered melt structure in the vertical Figure 2 direction of view.

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a layered melt structure, a push block mechanism, a layered melt structure shell, and a cover plate structure.

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a layered melt structure, a push block mechanism, a layered melt structure shell, and a cover plate structure from different Figure 4 viewing angles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application provides a layered melt structure and an excitation protection device that can disconnect a conductor and a layered melt in turn using the layered melt structure.

[0026] The layered melt structure includes at least two melts, and multiple melts are arranged in layers from top to bottom. The two ends of the multiple melts are connected in parallel to form a connection end.

[0027] The excitation protection device using the layered melt structure sequentially disconnects the conductor and the layered melt, and sequentially comprises a protective sleeve, a support shell, an upper shell, a conductor, a lower shell, a melt shell, and a support plate from top to bottom. The excitation protection device further comprises an excitation source arranged in the support shell, an impact device arranged in the upper shell, the conductor arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell, and the layered melt structure arranged in the lower shell and connected in parallel with the conductor, and the melt shell supports the layered melt structure. The shells are in sealed contact with each other. The working process of the excitation protection device is as follows: after the excitation source receives an excitation signal, the excitation source acts to generate a driving force, the impact device is driven to disconnect the conductor, and then each layer of the layered melt is sequentially disconnected to form multiple disconnection points. The multiple disconnection points improve the arc extinguishing ability and the breaking capacity.

[0028] At least one disconnection weak point is arranged on each melt of the conductor and the layered melt structure. Two adjacent disconnection weak points form a pre-disconnection point. When the impact device impacts the disconnection weak point, the conductor or the melt can be disconnected from the disconnection weak point, and the disconnected part falls into the corresponding cavity under the driving of the impact device. When the impact device impacts the pre-disconnection point, the conductor or the melt can be disconnected from the two disconnection weak points, and the disconnected part is separated from the conductor or the melt body and falls into the corresponding cavity under the driving of the impact device.

[0029] The following preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0030] The layered melt structure, as shown in Figure 1 , comprises three melts, and as shown in Figure 1 , the melts comprise melt 211, melt 212, and melt 213. The melts (211, 212, and 213) are symmetrically arranged in two rows, the melt 211 is arranged in two rows with an interval, and the melt 212 and the melt 213 are arranged between the two rows. The melt 212 is arranged in two rows with an interval, and the melt 213 is arranged between the two rows. The two rows of the melt 213 are continuously arranged. The two rows of each of the melts (211, 212, and 213) are simultaneously bent to be in a layered distribution state, and a disconnection weak point 220 is arranged on each row of each melt. The disconnection weak points on the melts (211, 212, and 213) are in a layered distribution, as shown in Figure 1 , the disconnection weak point of the melt 211 is located in the highest layer, the disconnection weak point of the melt 213 is located in the lowest layer, and the disconnection weak point of the melt 212 is located between the melt 211 and the melt 212. The disconnection weak point 220 of the melt is a structure for reducing the strength of the melt, which can be a notch opened at opposite positions on both sides of the melt to narrow the width of the melt and reduce the strength, or a plurality of through holes arranged in an interval in the width direction of the melt to reduce the strength of the melt. When the disconnection weak point is impacted by an external force, the melt can be disconnected from the disconnection weak point.

[0031] A pre-break 221 can be provided on each of the melts, which is formed by two adjacent and spaced-apart breaking weak points. When the pre-break is subjected to an external force, the melt portion between the two breaking weak points will be separated from the melt as a whole, thereby forming a break on the melt.

[0032] The layered melt structure has two ends of the plurality of melts connected in parallel to form a connection end 222, which is in a horizontal state and has a through hole formed therein. The connection end of the layered melt structure can be connected in parallel with a conductor of an excitation protection device. The conductor is fixed on the conductor by screwing a screw through the through hole of the connection end and cooperating with a nut, which is convenient for disassembly and saves the welding process.

[0033] The excitation protection device, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the shell includes a support shell 203, an upper shell 204, a lower shell 215, a melt shell 216, and a support plate 217 arranged from top to bottom, and the shells are in sealed contact with each other and are made of insulating material. Each shell is integrally formed by injection molding. Cavities that penetrate each other are formed in the support shell 203, the upper shell 204, and the lower shell 215. The cavities penetrate the upper and lower ends of the support shell and the upper shell, and the lower end of the cavities is located in the lower shell. The cavity in the lower shell is a first cavity 215a. A sealing structure is provided on the contact surface of each shell. The sealing structure is a mechanical structure seal or a seal member seal. The seal member between the upper shell and the lower shell is a sealing ring 206.

[0034] A conductor 207 is arranged between the upper shell 204 and the lower shell 215. The conductor 207 penetrates the cavities of the upper shell and the first cavity of the lower shell, and the two ends of the conductor are located outside the shell and can be conductively connected to an external circuit. The two ends of the conductor can be integrally formed with the conductor portion arranged in the shell, or can be conductively connected. A breaking weak point 207a is provided on the conductor 207 at the cavity. A rotating weak point 207b is provided on one side or both sides of the breaking weak point 207a. The purpose of the breaking weak point 207a is to reduce the strength of the conductor. When the breaking weak point 207a is impacted by an impact device, it is easy to break. The purpose of the rotating weak point 207b is to reduce the strength of the conductor. After the breaking weak point is broken by the impact device, the broken part of the conductor is guaranteed to bend along the rotating weak point and slide into the first cavity. The structure of the breaking weak point and the rotating weak point can be a "V"-shaped groove, a "U"-shaped groove, a reduced cross section, or a pre-rolled opening, etc. to reduce the strength of the structure, but the structural strength of the rotating weak point needs to be higher than that of the breaking weak point to avoid adverse effects caused by the breaking of the rotating weak point during operation. The rotating weak point can also not be provided. At least one pre-break is provided on the conductor 207. The pre-break is a conductor portion between two adjacent and spaced-apart breaking weak points on the conductor. When the pre-break is impacted by an impact device, the conductor portion between the two adjacent breaking weak points at the pre-break can be completely broken from the conductor and fall into the first cavity after being separated from the conductor.

[0035] The cavity in the support shell is provided with a stepped structure, the excitation source 201 is arranged in the cavity, and is limited by the stepped structure. A protective sleeve 202 is arranged on the outer periphery of the support shell to fix the excitation source 201 in the cavity of the support shell. The protective sleeve, the support shell, the upper shell and the lower shell are fixed and integrated. A sealing member 201a is arranged between the excitation source 201 and the cavity to seal the contact surface between the excitation source 201 and the space where the excitation source 201 is arranged. The excitation source 201 can receive an excitation signal from the outside, and act under the excitation of the excitation signal to provide driving force for the impact device 205 arranged in the cavity of the upper shell. In this embodiment, the excitation source 201 is an electronic ignition device. The electronic ignition device generates high-pressure gas according to the received external excitation signal to drive the impact device 205 to disconnect the conductor 207. The purpose of the sealing member 201a is to prevent the high-pressure gas from overflowing outward from the contact surface between the excitation source and the cavity where the excitation source is arranged, thereby affecting the driving force. A groove is formed on the lower end surface of the support shell, and a protrusion corresponding to the groove is arranged on the upper end surface of the upper shell. When the support shell and the upper shell are cooperatively installed, the protrusion of the upper shell is clamped in the groove on the lower end surface of the support shell to realize circumferential positioning of assembly, and at the same time, realize sealing between the support shell and the upper shell. A sealing ring can also be arranged between the groove and the protrusion to strengthen the sealing performance.

[0036] A chamfered inclined surface is arranged at the upper end of the cavity of the upper shell. The impact device 205 is arranged in the cavity of the upper shell 204 and is made of insulating material. The impact device 205 includes a mounting portion 205a and an impact head 205b integrally formed below the mounting portion. The outer periphery of the mounting portion 205a is matched with the shape of the cavity where the mounting portion 205a is arranged, and is in sealing contact with the cavity. A sharp protruding ridge is arranged at the upper end of the mounting portion 205a and is clamped on the chamfered inclined surface at the upper end of the cavity of the upper shell to form a limiting structure of the impact device, thereby limiting the initial position of the impact device 205. A groove is formed on the outer periphery of the mounting portion 205a to mount a sealing member to seal the contact surface between the mounting portion and the cavity, thereby completely separating the upper and lower chambers of the impact device, avoiding the influence of high-pressure gas generated by the excitation source on the insulation capacity of the disconnected part and avoiding the fault current from being introduced into the driving circuit, and at the same time, independently enclosing the high-pressure gas above the impact device to avoid leakage to the lower part of the impact device, thereby preventing the impact device from rebounding after moving to the position.

[0037] In order to ensure the linear displacement of the impact device, a displacement limiting structure is arranged at the contact surface between the impact device and the cavity. The displacement limiting structure can be a vertical sliding groove arranged on the cavity, and a convex rib arranged on the outer surface of the impact device and capable of sliding in the sliding groove. The convex rib slides in the vertical sliding groove to ensure the linear displacement of the impact device and prevent the rotation relative to the cavity. Alternatively, the convex rib can be arranged in the cavity, and the sliding groove is arranged on the outer surface of the impact device.

[0038] The lower shell 215 is provided with a first cavity 215a for the conductor broken part to fall into. The first cavity is in communication with the cavity in the upper shell provided with the impact device. The conductor 207 is located between the contact surface of the upper shell and the lower shell. The conductor is provided with a weak breaking part or a pre-breaking part in the cavity of the shell. The part is located at the connecting surface between the cavity of the upper shell and the first cavity 215a of the lower shell. The lower shell 215 is provided with a second cavity 215b for accommodating the layered melt structure on both sides and below the first cavity 215a. The second cavity 215b and the first cavity 215a are not in communication. The second cavity 215b on both sides of the first cavity 215a is in communication below the first cavity 215a. The embedded insert nut 208 is arranged on the lower shell by the embedded injection molding method.

[0039] The layered melt structure is arranged in the lower shell, and the layered melt is conductively connected to the conductor by screwing through the conductor and the parallel melt structure and fixing the screw on the embedded mold insert nut 208, facilitating the connection of the layered melt structure and the conductor. It can also be connected by conductive spring, welding and other methods. The melt shell 216 and the lower shell are cooperatively provided with support ribs to fix and support the layered melt and divide the second cavity 215b of the lower shell into three relatively closed spaces, namely the space where the breaking weak point or pre-break of the layered melt is located and the other two spaces symmetrically located on both sides thereof. The lower shell, the melt shell and the support plate 217 are fixedly connected, the support plate is used to increase the strength of the lower part of the shell, and the lower shell and the melt shell are in sealing contact. The melts (212, 213, 214) in the layered melt structure are respectively located in the second cavity 215b, the melts (212, 212) are located in the second cavity 215b on both sides of the first cavity 215a, and the melt 214 is located in the second cavity below the first cavity. The first push block mechanism 209 is clamped on the uppermost melt 212, the first push block mechanism 209 is located in the second cavity, the first push block mechanism 209 is clamped on the pre-break of the melt 212 and the part not clamped is located directly above the pre-break of the melt 213 on the melt 213, corresponding to the interval two-row structure of the melts (212, 213), one first push block mechanism 209 is needed for each row. The second push block mechanism is arranged on the pre-break of the bottommost melt 214, the second push block mechanism includes the second push block 210 and the sealing gasket 211 nested below the second push block 210 to form a nested device, the pre-break of the melt 214 is located between the second push block 210 and the sealing gasket 211, corresponding to the continuous two-row structure of the melt 214, only one second push block mechanism capable of nesting two rows of pre-breaks is needed. The two ends of the second push block 210 are located directly below the first push block mechanism 209. After receiving the external excitation signal, the excitation source acts to generate high-pressure gas, drive the impact device to displace downward, the impact head centrally arranged in the impact device first breaks the conductor, then the conductor breaking part enters the first cavity, then the impact heads on both sides of the impact device enter the second cavity, push the first push block mechanism 209 to displace downward to sequentially break the melt 212 and the melt 213, and then continue to displace downward to push the second push block 210 and the sealing gasket 211 to displace downward to break the melt 214. The conductor and the melts in the layered melt structure are sequentially broken. The first push block mechanism 209 and the second push block 210 are provided with a limiting mechanism on the lower shell to maintain their initial positions, the limiting mechanism can be a limiting structure of groove and rib nesting cooperation or an interference fit structure of the first push block mechanism 209 and the second push block 210 and the cavity where they are located.

[0040] The arc extinguishing medium is also filled in the second cavity of the lower shell outside the space where the layered melt breaking weak part or the pre-breaking part is located, the layered melt structure part outside the space where the layered melt breaking weak part or the pre-breaking part is located is located in the arc extinguishing medium, and the arc extinguishing medium is sealed by the lower shell and the melt shell.

[0041] In the above structure, except that the layered melt structure and the conductor are made of conductive material and the fixing bolts and screws are made of metal material, the rest of the components are made of insulating material, such as the support shell, the upper shell, the lower shell, the melt shell, the support plate, the first push block, the second push block, and the sealing gasket, because after the conductor and the melt are broken, the purpose is to extinguish the arc, only the insulating material can prevent the arc from reigniting. In addition, the components made of insulating material are generally integrally formed by injection molding method, which improves the production efficiency.

[0042] The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the excitation source receives an excitation signal from an external control system, generates high-pressure gas, and then drives the impact device to overcome the limiting structure, linearly displace to the conductor direction, the impact head on the impact device corresponding to the conductor breaking weak part cuts off the conductor breaking weak part, and drives the conductor breaking part to bend along the rotating weak part and continue to displace into the first cavity of the lower shell; after the conductor is broken, the impact head on the impact device corresponding to the melt pre-breaking part continues to displace into the second cavity of the lower shell, pushes the first push block mechanism 209 to break the pre-breaking part of the melt 212 to form the first breaking part on the parallel melt structure, and then continues to displace, pushes the first push block mechanism 209 to drive the melt breaking part to displace to the pre-breaking part of the melt 213, the first push block mechanism 209 breaks the pre-breaking part of 213 to form the second breaking part on the parallel melt structure under the drive of the impact head of the impact device, and then continues to displace, the first push block mechanism 209, the melt breaking part of 212 and the melt breaking part of 213 continue to displace and contact the second push block 210 under the drive of the impact head of the impact device, drive the second push block 210 to displace, break the pre-breaking part on the melt 214 to form the third breaking part of the layered melt structure. Then, the impact device, the conductor breaking part, the melt breaking part, and the first push block mechanism 209 and the second push block 210 continue to displace to the dead point position and stop acting.

[0043] Its arc extinguishing principle: after the conductor is disconnected, a break is formed on the conductor, and due to the layered melt structure, most of the current passing through the shunt is reduced, and thus a small arc is formed at the break of the conductor, and the arc is extinguished by the air at the break, and the current flowing through each melt is reduced by a factor of two; when the uppermost melt of the layered melt structure is disconnected to form a first break, a small arc is formed at the first break, and the arc is directly extinguished by the air at the first break of the melt; the continuously reduced current continues to shunt through the melt 213 and the melt 214, and as the impact device continues to displace, the melt 213 is disconnected to form a second break on the parallel melt structure, and a small arc is formed at the second break, which is directly extinguished by the air at the second break of the melt; the continuously reduced current flows through the melt 214, at this time, the current flowing through the melt 214 is very small, the impact device continues to displace to disconnect the melt 214 to form a third break of the layered melt structure to completely cut off the circuit, and a small arc is formed at the third break of the layered melt structure, which is directly extinguished by the air at the third break.

[0044] The excitation protection device of the embodiment uses the layered melt structure arranged in multiple layers in combination with the conductor, sequentially disconnects the conductor and the layered melt structure, sequentially forms multiple breaks on the excitation protection device, and realizes layered and gradual arc extinguishing, thereby achieving good arc extinguishing effect.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] Based on the embodiment 1, the first push block mechanism 209 is not arranged, the impact head of the impact device sequentially disconnects the melt 212 and the melt 213 to form a first break and a second break, and then the impact head of the impact device drives the second push block mechanism to disconnect the melt 214 to form a third break.

[0047] Embodiment 3

[0048] Compared with the embodiment 1, the first push block mechanism and the second push block mechanism are not used, the melts of the layered melt structure are respectively located on both sides of the conductor, the disconnection weak points or pre-breaks of the melts on the layered melt structure respectively correspond to one impact head of the impact device, and one cavity for the melt disconnection part to fall into is further arranged on each disconnection weak point or pre-break of the melt.

[0049] The working principle and arc extinguishing principle are the same as those of the embodiment 1.

[0050] No matter the structure of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or embodiment 3, the impact head of the impact device is arranged corresponding to the position of the conductor breaking weak part or pre-breaking part or the position of the melt breaking weak part or pre-breaking part, and the purpose is to sequentially break the conductor and the layered melt structure by the impact head of the impact device. Therefore, the structure of the impact head of the impact device, and the structure of the conductor and the layered melt structure, the number of layers, the breaking weak part, the pre-breaking part and the like are combined together, and there are many forms of the structure, and it is not limited to the structure forms shown in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the present application.

Claims

1. A layered melt structure comprising at least two melts, characterized in that, Necks are provided on the melt; the melts are arranged in rows at intervals along the width direction of the layered melt structure, the melts are bent into upper and lower layers, and each melt has a weak break point, which is distributed in layers; the two ends of the melts are connected in parallel to form a connecting end; The melt breaks off layer by layer from the weak point of the break.

2. The layered melt structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting end has a connecting through hole.

3. An excitation and protection device for sequentially breaking a conductor and a layered melt, comprising a housing, an excitation source, an impact device, and a conductor, characterized in that, The conductor is also connected in parallel with any of the layered melt structures described in claims 1 to 2; when the excitation source drives the impact device to disconnect the conductor, the impact device sequentially disconnects each layer of melt on the layered melt structure.

4. The excitation protection device for sequentially breaking the conductor and the layered melt according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one pre-fracture is provided on each of the melts, and a pusher mechanism is provided at at least one pre-fracture. The impact device drives the pusher mechanism to break the pre-fracture of the melt to form a fracture.

5. The excitation protection device for sequentially breaking the conductor and the layered melt according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pusher mechanism is clamped onto the melt pre-fracture point in the form of a nested device.

6. The excitation protection device for sequentially breaking the conductor and the layered melt according to claim 3, characterized in that, The layered melt structure is located in the shell below the conductor. At least one weak point is provided on each melt of the conductor and each melt of the layered melt structure. An impact head is provided on the impact device to break the conductor and the weak point of each melt.

7. The excitation protection device for sequentially breaking the conductor and the layered melt according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that, The housing, from top to bottom, comprises a protective sleeve, a support shell, an upper shell, a lower shell, a melt shell, and a support plate, with sealed contact surfaces between each shell. The excitation source is disposed within the support shell and fixed by the protective sleeve, with sealed contact between the excitation source and the support shell. The impact device is disposed within the upper shell, with sealed contact between the impact device and the upper shell. The conductor passes through and is fixed between the upper shell and the lower shell. The layered melt structure is located within the lower shell and is supported by the melt shell. The support plate is used to fix the melt shell.

8. The excitation protection device for sequentially breaking the conductor and the layered melt according to claim 7, characterized in that, A protrusion-groove structure for assembly, positioning, and sealing is provided between the end faces of the supporting shell and the upper shell that are in contact with each other.

9. The excitation protection device for sequentially breaking the conductor and the layered melt according to claim 7, characterized in that, A chamfered bevel is formed at the upper end of the cavity of the upper housing, and a pointed protrusion is correspondingly provided at the upper end of the impact device. The pointed protrusion is engaged on the chamfered bevel to limit the initial position of the impact device.

10. The excitation protection device for sequentially breaking the conductor and the layered melt according to claim 7, characterized in that, An arc-extinguishing medium is filled in the sealed cavity formed by the lower shell and the melt shell, and the melt passes through the arc-extinguishing medium, with the narrow neck of the melt completely located in the arc-extinguishing medium.

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