A statistical method for rainfall characteristic index based on short-duration data

Abstract

The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, including: collecting and calculating the precipitation excerpt data of each rain gauge station in the basin, and determining the control area of ​​each rain gauge station; calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the start and end time and rainfall of each precipitation excerpt data of each rain gauge station in a preset month; screening the rainfall records of a single rain gauge station according to different rainfall intensity standards, accumulating the rainfall of all rainfall records reaching a specific rainfall intensity, and multiplying it with the control area of ​​the rain gauge station to obtain the first total rainfall reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the single rain gauge station; superimposing the total rainfall reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rain gauge station in the basin to obtain the second total rainfall reaching the specific rainfall intensity in the corresponding basin. The method has concise steps, clear concepts, simple calculations, and is easy to operate. It is an effective tool for studying the characteristics of rainfall changes in a basin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrology and meteorology, and in particular to a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data. Background Art

[0002] The study of rainfall change characteristics is an important field of climate change research and an important means to analyze the causes of changes in basin runoff, floods, and sediment. For areas where over-infiltration is the main cause of runoff, changes in basin runoff, floods, and sediment are affected by both rainfall and rainfall intensity. A comprehensive rainfall index that can reflect both rainfall and rainfall intensity is needed to identify the changing characteristics and trends of rainfall. On the other hand, the more reliable short-duration rainfall data currently observed by the water conservancy department is generally published in the hydrological statistical yearbook in the form of a precipitation excerpt table. Precipitation excerpt data generally only record flood season data, mainly concentrated in June-September, with basically complete data from July to August. Precipitation excerpt data generally consists of three parts: start time, end time, and precipitation. The minimum accuracy of the start time and end time is 1min, the minimum accuracy of precipitation is 0.1mm, and the recording time interval ranges from 1min to 24h. At present, most studies on rainfall changes based on precipitation excerpt data are based on hours, which loses some of the observation accuracy of rainfall.

[0003] In view of the above situation, the present invention, based on the short-duration precipitation excerpt data, counts the rainfall and rainfall duration of each precipitation record one by one, makes full use of its observation time accuracy (maximum accuracy is 1min), and constructs a comprehensive rainfall characteristic index that can simultaneously reflect the changes in rainfall intensity and rainfall in the basin. The method has simple steps, clear concepts, simple calculations, and easy operation. It is an effective tool for studying the characteristics of rainfall changes in the basin, especially for studying the changes in rainfall in areas dominated by over-infiltration runoff. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which is used to screen the single rainfall total amount that reaches a specific rainfall intensity at each rainfall station in a short-duration month through the measurement results of the rainfall station, and then obtain the total rainfall that reaches the specific rainfall in the basin. The method has simple steps, clear concepts, simple calculations and easy operation, and is an effective tool for studying the characteristics of rainfall changes in the basin.

[0005] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, comprising:

[0006] Step 1: Collect and calculate the precipitation data of each rain gauge station in the basin, and determine the control area of ​​each rain gauge station;

[0007] Step 2, calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the start and end time and rainfall amount of each rainfall excerpt data in the preset month of each rainfall station;

[0008] Step 3, screening the rainfall records of a single rain gauge station according to different rainfall intensity standards, accumulating the rainfall of all rainfall records reaching a specific rainfall intensity, and multiplying it by the control area of ​​the rain gauge station to obtain the first total rainfall reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the single rain gauge station;

[0009] Step 4, superimpose the total rainfall of each rain gauge in the basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity to obtain the second total rainfall of the corresponding basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity.

[0010] In a possible implementation, step 4, superimposing the total rainfall amount reaching a specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rain gauge station in the basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity in the corresponding basin, includes:

[0011] The second total rainfall in the corresponding basin reaching a specific rainfall intensity is calculated according to the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] Where: W r is the second total rainfall amount corresponding to the basin that reaches a specific rainfall intensity (r mm / minute), in units of 100 million cubic meters; j is the jth rainfall station in the basin with an intensity greater than r mm / minute; m is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin that reach an intensity greater than r mm / minute; n is the total number of rainfall records at the rainfall station corresponding to an intensity greater than r mm / minute; is the corresponding rainfall record of the i-th rainfall with a rainfall intensity of more than r mm per minute in the basin in the preset month, in millimeters; A is the control area of ​​the corresponding rainfall station, in square kilometers, It indicates the first total rainfall amount corresponding to the intensity of r mm / minute or above at the j-th rainfall station in the preset month.

[0014] In a possible implementation, step 1, before collecting and calculating the precipitation extract data of each rain gauge station in the basin, also includes:

[0015] Determine the current location of each rain gauge, and construct a historical weather model in the control area corresponding to the control area where each rain gauge is located according to the weather changes in the corresponding preset months in the historical years, and simulate the rainfall distribution in the control area according to the historical weather model;

[0016] Constructing the regional topography of the control area corresponding to each rainfall station, and classifying the regional topography into terrain types;

[0017] Performing one-to-one regional matching of the rainfall distribution and the divided terrain results to determine the independent rainfall measurement area and the non-independent rainfall measurement area in each control area;

[0018] According to the regional attributes of the non-independent rainfall measurement area, an allocation method is obtained, and corresponding auxiliary rain gauge stations are allocated according to the allocation method, and the auxiliary rain gauge stations are used to monitor and record the rainfall in the corresponding non-independent rainfall measurement area;

[0019] Wherein, the auxiliary area is within the control area, and the number of the auxiliary rain gauge stations is at least one.

[0020] In a possible implementation, step 4, after obtaining the second total rainfall amount for the corresponding watershed reaching the specific rainfall intensity, further includes: correcting and adjusting the second total rainfall amount, which includes:

[0021] Mark the first rain gauge station set initially;

[0022] Get the control area corresponding to the first rainfall station and use it as the initial area A j ;

[0023] Acquire monitoring information of reaching a specific rainfall intensity at each first rainfall station in a preset month, wherein the monitoring information includes: a first time point at which the specific rainfall intensity is reached, a second time set of continuous rainfall before the specific rainfall intensity is reached, and a third time set of continuous rainfall after the specific rainfall intensity is reached;

[0024] Obtaining, from the weather observation database corresponding to the preset month, weather change information of a sky area corresponding to the initial area of ​​each first rainfall station, and constructing a weather change model for a corresponding time period according to the weather change information of the domain, wherein the weather change information of the domain is related to cloud coverage area, cloud thickness, and cloud movement speed;

[0025] According to the weather change model, split and output the weather change layers corresponding to the specific rainfall intensity associated with the first rain gauge at different time points, and overlap the weather change layers to obtain the stabilization area and the remaining area of ​​the first rain gauge, wherein the areas of the stabilization area and the remaining area constitute the corresponding initial area;

[0026] At the same time, according to the overlapping color results after the overlapping placement, the remaining area is divided into several sub-areas, and based on the second rain gauge station pre-set in the sub-area, the rainfall of the corresponding sub-area obtained by monitoring is retrieved, and combined with the rainfall of the stabilization area monitored by the corresponding first rain gauge station, the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area is obtained;

[0027] Based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall amount is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall amount, and the third total rainfall amount is compared with the second total rainfall amount. If the absolute value of the difference between the two is within a preset difference range, the total rainfall amount is estimated by continuing to use the rainfall data monitored by the first rain gauge station;

[0028] Otherwise, the total rainfall is estimated using the rainfall data monitored by the first rain gauge station and the second rain gauge station;

[0029] In a possible implementation method, obtaining the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area includes:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, Y j represents the optimized rainfall of the jth initial area corresponding to the original; G represents the total number of sub-areas of the area corresponding to the jth initial area, and a second rain gauge is opened in each sub-area, and the total number of the second rain gauges is also G; F g1,i It indicates the rainfall measured by the g1-th second rain gauge station when the area corresponding to the j-th initial area reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; S g1,i represents the area of ​​the g1th sub-area corresponding to the jth initial area recorded when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of more than r mm per minute; F j,i The rainfall measured by the first rainfall station corresponding to the jth initial area recorded when the rainfall intensity reaches i-th r mm / min or above; S j,i Indicates the area of ​​the corresponding stabilization area when the area corresponding to the jth initial area recorded reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; δ g1,i It indicates the effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station when the recorded rainfall in the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of r mm / min or more, and the value range is (0.8,1); δ j,i It indicates the effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station when the area corresponding to the j-th initial area recorded reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more, and the value range is (0.8,1);

[0032] Among them, when δ g1,i = 0,

[0033] When δ j,i = 0,

[0034] In a possible implementation manner, based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall amount is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall amount, including:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, W s is the third rainfall total, It indicates the ratio related to the second rainfall station when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; When the ratio is greater than or equal to 1 / 2, a takes the value of 1; when When the ratio is less than 1 / 2, a is taken as 2.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the stabilization area includes the independent rainfall measurement area, and the dependent rainfall measurement area includes the remaining area;

[0038] The second rain gauges are screened from the auxiliary rain gauges arranged in the corresponding controlled area, and the number of the auxiliary rain gauges is greater than the number of the corresponding second rain gauges.

[0039] In one possible implementation, before calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record, the following is also included:

[0040] According to the start and end time of each precipitation excerpt data of each rain gauge station in the preset month, the rainfall time period of each rain gauge station is determined, and at the same time, the weather data corresponding to each rainfall time period is obtained;

[0041] According to the following formula, a first matching degree P1 between the rainfall duration of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall duration corresponding to the weather data is calculated;

[0042]

[0043] Where F1 represents the total rainfall time period within a preset month measured by the same rainfall station; P 1f1 represents the duration of rainfall in the f1th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; P 2f1 It represents the estimated rainfall duration determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall duration of the f1th rainfall period at the same rainfall station;

[0044] According to the following formula, a second matching degree P2 between the rainfall in the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall corresponding to the weather data is calculated;

[0045]

[0046] Among them, F1 represents the total rainfall time period within the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; Y 1f1represents the rainfall in the f1th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; Y 2f1 It represents the estimated rainfall amount determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall amount in the f1th rainfall period at the same rainfall station; D f1 Represents the weather correction parameter based on weather data, and its value range is (0.1, 0.2);

[0047] When the first matching degree P1 is greater than the corresponding first preset matching degree, and the second matching degree P2 is greater than the corresponding second preset matching degree, the corresponding rain gauge is determined to be qualified, and the qualified rain gauge is controlled to continue to measure rainfall;

[0048] Otherwise, collect the operation information of the unqualified rainfall stations in the preset month, and analyze the unqualified types of the unqualified rainfall stations;

[0049] When the unqualified type is not related to equipment upgrade, an alarm is issued, and at the same time, a backup rain gauge is started to perform measurement work. At the same time, a reverse analysis is performed on the corresponding operation information based on the historical estimation model of the unqualified rain gauge, and the estimated rainfall of the unqualified rain gauge is estimated to replace the rainfall record when it is in unqualified operation;

[0050] When the unqualified type is related to equipment upgrade, the corresponding unqualified rain gauge is upgraded to the corresponding unqualified type.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] 1. The present invention makes full use of the short-duration precipitation excerpt data, counts the rainfall and rainfall duration of each precipitation record one by one, maximizes the use of its observation time accuracy, and constructs a comprehensive rainfall characteristic index that can simultaneously reflect the changes in rainfall intensity and rainfall in the basin. The method has simple steps, clear concepts, simple calculations, and easy operation. It is an effective tool for studying the characteristics of rainfall changes in the basin, especially for studying the changes in rainfall in areas dominated by over-infiltration runoff.

[0053] 2. The present invention obtains the accurate rainfall of the sub-area set in the control area corresponding to each first rain gauge, and then determines the optimized rainfall of all sub-areas in the control area according to the accurate rainfall, so as to facilitate the accurate acquisition of the rainfall in the control area under different weather conditions at the same time point, and then accurately obtain the total rainfall in the control area, and finally correct and adjust the second total rainfall to effectively obtain the third total rainfall, and facilitate the subsequent effective comparison of rainfall, make a reasonable division of labor for the size of the control area, and further ensure the accuracy of measurement.

[0054] 3. The present invention determines whether there is a problem with the corresponding rain gauge by comprehensively considering the rainfall duration and rainfall amount. The calculated matching degree is compared with the preset matching degree to make a comprehensive determination, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the rainfall recorded in the initial process. The unqualified rain gauges are adjusted according to the relevant unqualified types to ensure the normal operation of the unqualified rain gauges, further ensuring the validity of the measurement data, and providing an effective data basis for the total rainfall in the basin obtained after a specific rainfall intensity is reached.

[0055] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the initial division result of the control area in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 It is a result diagram of the stabilization area and the remaining area in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0062] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0063] Step 1: Collect and calculate the precipitation data of each rain gauge station in the basin, and determine the control area of ​​each rain gauge station;

[0064] Step 2, calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the start and end time and rainfall amount of each rainfall excerpt data in the preset month of each rainfall station;

[0065] Step 3, screening the rainfall records of a single rain gauge station according to different rainfall intensity standards, accumulating the rainfall of all rainfall records reaching a specific rainfall intensity, and multiplying it by the control area of ​​the rain gauge station to obtain the first total rainfall reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the single rain gauge station;

[0066] Step 4, superimpose the total rainfall of each rain gauge in the basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity to obtain the second total rainfall of the corresponding basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity.

[0067] In this embodiment, the preset months may refer to July and August, and in the process of determining the control area of ​​each rainfall station, the Thiessen polygon method may be used for calculation.

[0068] In this embodiment, the rainfall characteristic index is aimed at determining the total rainfall under a certain rainfall intensity, and the total rainfall of the entire basin is determined by determining the single rainfall at a single rain gauge.

[0069] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the present invention makes full use of the short-duration precipitation excerpt data, counts the rainfall and rainfall duration of each precipitation record one by one, maximizes the use of its observation time accuracy, and constructs a comprehensive rainfall characteristic index that can simultaneously reflect the changes in rainfall intensity and rainfall in the basin. The method has simple steps, clear concepts, simple calculations, and easy operation. It is an effective tool for studying the characteristics of rainfall changes in the basin, especially for studying the changes in rainfall in areas dominated by over-infiltration runoff.

[0070] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, step 4, superimposing the total rainfall amount reaching a specific rainfall intensity corresponding to each rainfall station in the basin to obtain a second total rainfall amount reaching the specific rainfall intensity in the corresponding basin, including:

[0071] The second total rainfall in the corresponding basin reaching a specific rainfall intensity is calculated according to the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] Where: W r is the second total rainfall amount corresponding to the basin that reaches a specific rainfall intensity (r mm / minute), in units of 100 million cubic meters; j is the jth rainfall station in the basin with an intensity greater than r mm / minute; m is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin that reach an intensity greater than r mm / minute; n is the total number of rainfall records at the rainfall station corresponding to an intensity greater than r mm / minute; is the corresponding rainfall record of the i-th rainfall with a rainfall intensity of more than r mm per minute in the basin in the preset month, in millimeters; A is the control area of ​​the corresponding rainfall station, in square kilometers, It indicates the first total rainfall amount corresponding to the intensity of r mm / minute or above at the j-th rainfall station in the preset month.

[0074] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: by counting the rainfall and rainfall duration of each precipitation record one by one, the accuracy of observation time is maximized, and a comprehensive rainfall characteristic index is constructed that can simultaneously reflect the changes in rainfall intensity and rainfall in the basin.

[0075] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data. Step 1, before collecting and calculating the precipitation excerpt data of each rain gauge station in the basin, further comprises:

[0076] Determine the current location of each rain gauge, and construct a historical weather model in the control area corresponding to the control area where each rain gauge is located according to the weather changes in the corresponding preset months in the historical years, and simulate the rainfall distribution in the control area according to the historical weather model;

[0077] Constructing the regional topography of the control area corresponding to each rainfall station, and classifying the regional topography into terrain types;

[0078] Performing one-to-one regional matching of the rainfall distribution and the divided terrain results to determine the independent rainfall measurement area and the non-independent rainfall measurement area in each control area;

[0079] According to the regional attributes of the non-independent rainfall measurement area, an allocation method is obtained, and corresponding auxiliary rain gauge stations are allocated according to the allocation method, and the auxiliary rain gauge stations are used to monitor and record the rainfall in the corresponding non-independent rainfall measurement area;

[0080] Wherein, the auxiliary area is within the control area, and the number of the auxiliary rain gauge stations is at least one.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, for example, area a represents the control area corresponding to rain gauge station 1, and by obtaining the historical weather model (for example, weather data from 2000 to 2021 to obtain the historical weather model corresponding to the control area), the rainfall distribution in the control area in the preset month is simulated, and the rainfall distribution can be estimated according to the historical estimated rainfall from July to August, and then a distribution composed of different rainfalls is obtained. Since the terrain in different areas is different, there may be mountains, plains, etc. Therefore, by matching the rainfall distribution with the corresponding area one by one, an independent rainfall measurement area (that is, the effective measurement area of ​​the corresponding rain gauge station) is obtained. For example, sub-areas a1, a2, a3, and a4 in area a are frequent rainfall areas, and the remaining areas a5 and a6 are infrequent rainfall areas, and c is the effective measurement area, wherein c is the independent rainfall measurement area, and a1-a6 are non-independent rainfall measurement areas.

[0082] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: by dividing the control area corresponding to the original control area of ​​the rain gauge station according to the weather model, different measurement areas can be obtained, which can provide an effective and accurate basis for subsequent rainfall measurements, ensure the accuracy of subsequent rainfall measurements, provide a data basis for short-duration measurements, and improve the accurate acquisition of total rainfall in the basin.

[0083] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, wherein step 4, after obtaining a second rainfall total amount in a corresponding watershed reaching a specific rainfall intensity, further comprises: correcting and adjusting the second rainfall total amount, which comprises:

[0084] Mark the first rain gauge station set initially;

[0085] Get the control area corresponding to the first rainfall station and use it as the initial area A j ;

[0086] Acquire monitoring information of reaching a specific rainfall intensity at each first rainfall station in a preset month, wherein the monitoring information includes: a first time point at which the specific rainfall intensity is reached, a second time set of continuous rainfall before the specific rainfall intensity is reached, and a third time set of continuous rainfall after the specific rainfall intensity is reached;

[0087] Obtaining, from the weather observation database corresponding to the preset month, weather change information of a sky area corresponding to the initial area of ​​each first rainfall station, and constructing a weather change model for a corresponding time period according to the weather change information of the domain, wherein the weather change information of the domain is related to cloud coverage area, cloud thickness, and cloud movement speed;

[0088] According to the weather change model, split and output the weather change layers corresponding to the specific rainfall intensity associated with the first rain gauge at different time points, and overlap the weather change layers to obtain the stabilization area and the remaining area of ​​the first rain gauge, wherein the areas of the stabilization area and the remaining area constitute the corresponding initial area;

[0089] At the same time, according to the overlapping color results after the overlapping placement, the remaining area is divided into several sub-areas, and based on the second rain gauge station pre-set in the sub-area, the rainfall of the corresponding sub-area obtained by monitoring is retrieved, and combined with the rainfall of the stabilization area monitored by the corresponding first rain gauge station, the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area is obtained;

[0090] Based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall amount is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall amount, and the third total rainfall amount is compared with the second total rainfall amount. If the absolute value of the difference between the two is within a preset difference range, the total rainfall amount is estimated by continuing to use the rainfall data monitored by the first rain gauge station;

[0091] Otherwise, the total rainfall is estimated using the rainfall data monitored by the first rain gauge station and the second rain gauge station;

[0092] Preferably, the stabilization area includes the independent rainfall measurement area, and the dependent rainfall measurement area includes the remaining area;

[0093] The second rain gauges are screened from the auxiliary rain gauges arranged in the corresponding controlled area, and the number of the auxiliary rain gauges is greater than the number of the corresponding second rain gauges.

[0094] In this embodiment, the first rain gauge is the initial default rain gauge in each control area.

[0095] In this embodiment, the monitoring information of a specific rainfall intensity is for obtaining a time period under the characteristic index.

[0096] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, 1, 2, and 3 can be regarded as different weather change layers, and because the cloud states in the weather area corresponding to the control area are different, the cloud states in different segments set in the weather area are represented by thick and thin filled lines. Since the initial setting of the first rain gauge itself is determined according to certain existing reference technologies, the stabilization area and the remaining area of ​​the first rain gauge can be obtained in combination with the overlapping placement results. The corresponding d1 area in the figure can be regarded as the stabilization area, and d2 is the remaining area.

[0097] In this embodiment, the determination of the rain gauges in the remaining area d1 is based on and selected from the rain gauges pre-set in the non-independent rainfall measurement area.

[0098] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by acquiring detection information of specific rainfall intensity and weather information, a weather change model is constructed, and after splitting, overlapping layers are performed to obtain the stabilization area and the remaining area, and by calling the pre-set second rain gauge to optimize the rainfall corresponding to the initial area, and then, the second total rainfall is optimized to ensure the accuracy of the rainfall under the characteristic indicator.

[0099] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data to obtain the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area, comprising:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, Y j represents the optimized rainfall of the jth initial area corresponding to the original; G represents the total number of sub-areas of the area corresponding to the jth initial area, and a second rain gauge is opened in each sub-area, and the total number of the second rain gauges is also G; F g1,i It indicates the rainfall measured by the g1-th second rain gauge station when the area corresponding to the j-th initial area reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; S g1,i represents the area of ​​the g1th sub-area corresponding to the jth initial area recorded when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of more than r mm per minute; F j,i The rainfall measured by the first rainfall station corresponding to the jth initial area recorded when the rainfall intensity reaches i-th r mm / min or above; S j,i Indicates the area of ​​the corresponding stabilization area when the area corresponding to the jth initial area recorded reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; δ g1,i It indicates the effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station when the recorded rainfall in the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of r mm / min or more, and the value range is (0.8,1); δ j,i It indicates the effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station when the area corresponding to the j-th initial area recorded reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more, and the value range is (0.8,1);

[0102] Among them, when δ g1,i = 0,

[0103] When δ j,i = 0,

[0104] In a possible implementation manner, based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall amount is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall amount, including:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, W s is the third rainfall total, It indicates the ratio related to the second rainfall station when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; When the ratio is greater than or equal to 1 / 2, a takes the value of 1; when When the ratio is less than 1 / 2, a is taken as 2.

[0107] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: by obtaining the accurate rainfall of the sub-area set in the control area corresponding to each first rain gauge, and then determining the optimized rainfall of all sub-areas in the control area based on the accurate rainfall, it is convenient to accurately obtain the rainfall in the control area under different weather conditions at the same time point, and then accurately obtain the total rainfall in the control area, and finally correct and adjust the second total rainfall to effectively obtain the third total rainfall, and facilitate the subsequent effective comparison of rainfall, make a reasonable division of labor for the size of the control area, and further ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

[0108] The present invention provides a rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, which, before calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record, also includes:

[0109] According to the start and end time of each precipitation excerpt data of each rain gauge station in the preset month, the rainfall time period of each rain gauge station is determined, and at the same time, the weather data corresponding to each rainfall time period is obtained;

[0110] According to the following formula, a first matching degree P1 between the rainfall duration of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall duration corresponding to the weather data is calculated;

[0111]

[0112] Where F1 represents the total rainfall time period within a preset month measured by the same rainfall station; P 1f1 represents the duration of rainfall in the f1th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; P 2f1 It represents the estimated rainfall duration determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall duration of the f1th rainfall period at the same rainfall station;

[0113] According to the following formula, a second matching degree P2 between the rainfall in the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall corresponding to the weather data is calculated;

[0114]

[0115] Among them, F1 represents the total rainfall time period within the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; Y 1f1 represents the rainfall in the f1th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; Y 2f1 It represents the estimated rainfall amount determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall amount in the f1th rainfall period at the same rainfall station; D f1 Represents the weather correction parameter based on weather data, and its value range is (0.1, 0.2);

[0116] When the first matching degree P1 is greater than the corresponding first preset matching degree, and the second matching degree P2 is greater than the corresponding second preset matching degree, the corresponding rain gauge is determined to be qualified, and the qualified rain gauge is controlled to continue to measure rainfall;

[0117] Otherwise, collect the operation information of the unqualified rainfall stations in the preset month, and analyze the unqualified types of the unqualified rainfall stations;

[0118] When the unqualified type is not related to equipment upgrade, an alarm is issued, and at the same time, a backup rain gauge is started to perform measurement work. At the same time, a reverse analysis is performed on the corresponding operation information based on the historical estimation model of the unqualified rain gauge, and the estimated rainfall of the unqualified rain gauge is estimated to replace the rainfall record when it is in unqualified operation;

[0119] When the unqualified type is related to equipment upgrade, the corresponding unqualified rain gauge is upgraded to the corresponding unqualified type.

[0120] In this embodiment, the estimated rainfall duration is obtained according to the corresponding weather data, and the required duration is obtained by inputting the weather data into a pre-trained duration acquisition model.

[0121] In this embodiment, the unqualified type refers to the type related to software in which the operating parameters of the rainfall station are none or garbled, or the type in which the rainfall station itself has hardware failure or structural damage.

[0122] In this embodiment, reverse analysis means, for example, that the historical estimation model is a normal operating model of the estimated rain gauge station under normal operating conditions, and the normal operating model includes various normal parameters, as well as normal rainfall corresponding to various normal parameters. Therefore, according to the unqualified type and the corresponding parameters of the unqualified type, the inaccurately recorded rainfall corresponding to the unqualified situation can be reversely determined, and then, the inaccurately recorded rainfall can be used as replacement information to replace the unqualified information and then recorded.

[0123] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is: whether there is a problem with the corresponding rain gauge is determined comprehensively by comprehensively considering the rainfall duration and rainfall amount, wherein the calculated matching degree is compared with the preset matching degree to make a comprehensive determination, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the rainfall recorded in the initial process, and by adjusting the unqualified rain gauges according to the relevant unqualified types, the normal operation of the unqualified rain gauges is ensured, and the validity of the measurement data is further guaranteed, providing an effective data basis for the total rainfall in the basin obtained after a specific rainfall intensity is reached.

[0124] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Collect and calculate the precipitation data of each rain gauge station in the basin, and determine the control area of ​​each rain gauge station; Step 2, calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record according to the start and end time and rainfall amount of each rainfall excerpt data in the preset month of each rainfall station; Step 3, screening the rainfall records of a single rain gauge station according to different rainfall intensity standards, accumulating the rainfall of all rainfall records reaching a specific rainfall intensity, and multiplying it by the control area of ​​the rain gauge station to obtain the first total rainfall reaching the specific rainfall intensity corresponding to the single rain gauge station; Step 4, superimposing the total rainfall of each rainfall station in the basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity to obtain a second total rainfall of the corresponding basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity; After obtaining the second total rainfall amount of the corresponding watershed reaching the specific rainfall intensity, the method further includes: correcting and adjusting the second total rainfall amount, which includes: Mark the first rain gauge station set initially; Get the control area corresponding to the first rainfall station and use it as the initial area A j ; Acquire monitoring information of reaching a specific rainfall intensity at each first rainfall station in a preset month, wherein the monitoring information includes: a first time point at which the specific rainfall intensity is reached, a second time set of continuous rainfall before the specific rainfall intensity is reached, and a third time set of continuous rainfall after the specific rainfall intensity is reached; Obtaining, from the weather observation database corresponding to the preset month, weather change information of a sky area corresponding to the initial area of ​​each first rainfall station, and constructing a weather change model for a corresponding time period according to the weather change information of the domain, wherein the weather change information of the domain is related to cloud coverage area, cloud thickness, and cloud movement speed; According to the weather change model, split and output the weather change layers corresponding to the specific rainfall intensity associated with the first rain gauge at different time points, and overlap the weather change layers to obtain the stabilization area and the remaining area of ​​the first rain gauge, wherein the areas of the stabilization area and the remaining area constitute the corresponding initial area; At the same time, according to the overlapping color results after the overlapping placement, the remaining area is divided into several sub-areas, and based on the second rain gauge station pre-set in the sub-area, the rainfall of the corresponding sub-area obtained by monitoring is retrieved, and combined with the rainfall of the stabilization area monitored by the corresponding first rain gauge station, the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area is obtained; Based on the optimized rainfall, the second total rainfall amount is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third total rainfall amount, and the third total rainfall amount is compared with the second total rainfall amount. If the absolute value of the difference between the two is within a preset difference range, the total rainfall amount is estimated by continuing to use the rainfall data monitored by the first rain gauge station; Otherwise, the total rainfall is estimated using the rainfall data monitored by the first rain gauge station and the second rain gauge station; Before calculating the rainfall intensity of each rainfall record, the following steps are also included: According to the start and end time of each precipitation excerpt data of each rain gauge station in the preset month, the rainfall time period of each rain gauge station is determined, and at the same time, the weather data corresponding to each rainfall time period is obtained; According to the following formula, a first matching degree P1 between the rainfall duration of the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall duration corresponding to the weather data is calculated; Where F1 represents the total rainfall time period within a preset month measured by the same rainfall station; P 1f1 represents the duration of rainfall in the f1th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; P 2f1 It represents the estimated rainfall duration determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall duration of the f1th rainfall period at the same rainfall station; According to the following formula, a second matching degree P2 between the rainfall in the rainfall time period corresponding to the rainfall station and the estimated rainfall corresponding to the weather data is calculated; Among them, F1 represents the total rainfall time period within the preset month measured by the same rainfall station; Y 1f1 represents the rainfall in the f1th rainfall period measured by the same rainfall station; Y 2f1 It represents the estimated rainfall amount determined based on weather data when measuring the rainfall amount in the f1th rainfall period at the same rainfall station; D f1 Represents the weather correction parameter based on weather data, and its value range is (0.1, 0.2); When the first matching degree P1 is greater than the corresponding first preset matching degree, and the second matching degree P2 is greater than the corresponding second preset matching degree, the corresponding rain gauge is determined to be qualified, and the qualified rain gauge is controlled to continue to measure rainfall; Otherwise, collect the operation information of the unqualified rainfall stations in the preset month, and analyze the unqualified types of the unqualified rainfall stations; When the unqualified type is not related to equipment upgrade, an alarm is issued, and at the same time, a backup rain gauge is started to perform measurement work. At the same time, a reverse analysis is performed on the corresponding operation information based on the historical estimation model of the unqualified rain gauge, and the estimated rainfall of the unqualified rain gauge is estimated to replace the rainfall record when it is in unqualified operation; When the unqualified type is related to equipment upgrade, the corresponding unqualified rain gauge is upgraded to the corresponding unqualified type.

2. The rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4, superimposing the total rainfall of each rainfall station in the basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity to obtain the second total rainfall of the corresponding basin that reaches the specific rainfall intensity, including: The second total rainfall in the corresponding basin reaching a specific rainfall intensity is calculated according to the following formula: Where: W r is the second total rainfall amount corresponding to the basin that reaches a specific rainfall intensity (r mm / minute), in units of 100 million cubic meters; j is the jth rainfall station in the basin with an intensity greater than r mm / minute; m is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin that reach an intensity greater than r mm / minute; n is the total number of rainfall records at the rainfall station corresponding to an intensity greater than r mm / minute; is the corresponding rainfall record of the i-th rainfall with a rainfall intensity of more than r mm per minute in the basin in the preset month, in millimeters; A is the control area of ​​the corresponding rainfall station, in square kilometers, It indicates the first total rainfall amount corresponding to the intensity of r mm / minute or above at the j-th rainfall station in the preset month.

3. The rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1, before collecting and calculating the precipitation extract data of each rain gauge station in the basin, also includes: Determine the current location of each rain gauge, and construct a historical weather model in the control area corresponding to the control area where each rain gauge is located according to the weather changes in the corresponding preset months in the historical years, and simulate the rainfall distribution in the control area according to the historical weather model; Constructing the regional topography of the control area corresponding to each rainfall station, and classifying the regional topography into terrain types; Performing one-to-one regional matching of the rainfall distribution and the divided terrain results to determine the independent rainfall measurement area and the non-independent rainfall measurement area in each control area; According to the regional attributes of the non-independent rainfall measurement area, an allocation method is obtained, and corresponding auxiliary rain gauge stations are allocated according to the allocation method, and the auxiliary rain gauge stations are used to monitor and record the rainfall in the corresponding non-independent rainfall measurement area; Wherein, the auxiliary area is within the control area, and the number of the auxiliary rain gauge stations is at least one.

4. The rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data according to claim 1, characterized in that: Get the optimized rainfall corresponding to the initial area, including: Among them, Y j represents the optimized rainfall of the jth initial area corresponding to the original; G represents the total number of sub-areas of the area corresponding to the jth initial area, and a second rainfall station is opened in each sub-area, and the total number of second rainfall stations is also G; F g1,i It indicates the rainfall measured by the g1-th second rain gauge station when the area corresponding to the j-th initial area reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; S g1,i represents the area of ​​the g1th sub-area corresponding to the jth initial area recorded when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of more than r mm per minute; F j,i The rainfall measured by the first rainfall station corresponding to the jth initial area recorded when the rainfall intensity reaches i-th r mm / min or above; S j,i Indicates the area of ​​the corresponding stabilization area when the area corresponding to the jth initial area recorded reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; δ g1,i It indicates the effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station when the recorded rainfall in the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of r mm / min or more, and the value range is (0.8,1); δ j,i It indicates the effective measurement coefficient of the corresponding rainfall station when the area corresponding to the j-th initial area recorded reaches the i-th rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more, and the value range is (0.8,1); Among them, when δ g1,i = 0, When δ j,i = 0, 5. The rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the optimized rainfall, the second rainfall total amount is corrected and adjusted to obtain a third rainfall total amount, including: Among them, W s is the third rainfall total, It indicates the ratio related to the second rainfall station when the area corresponding to the jth initial area reaches the ith rainfall intensity of r mm per minute or more; When the ratio is greater than or equal to 1 / 2, a takes the value of 1; when When the ratio is less than 1 / 2, a is taken as 2.

6. The rainfall characteristic index statistical method based on short-duration data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilization area includes the independent rainfall measurement area, and the dependent rainfall measurement area includes the remaining area; The second rain gauges are screened from the auxiliary rain gauges arranged in the corresponding controlled area, and the number of the auxiliary rain gauges is greater than the number of the corresponding second rain gauges.

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