A heliostat and a method for measuring the altitude of the sun using the heliostat

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heliostat and a method for measuring the solar altitude using the heliostat. The heliostat includes a support body, a column, a guide rail, a pulley and a measuring structure. The present invention can measure the solar altitude angle very quickly, saving time and effort. The specific method of use is: find the approximate position of the sun, put the instrument roughly facing the sun on the ground; after the device is stabilized, carefully rotate the cylinder so that the projection line of the edge of the cylinder and the calibrated line directly below it roughly coincide with each other; after the coincidence, directly take the reading. The present invention can overcome the influence of uneven ground on the reading, can be used in rugged places in the wild, and uses gravity to automatically adjust the zero scale line without manual adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a measuring instrument, in particular to a device structure and a measuring method for quickly and effectively measuring the altitude of the sun. Background Art

[0002] Accurately and quickly measuring the value of the solar altitude angle is of great significance in actual production and life.

[0003] There are two main traditional methods for measuring the solar altitude angle.

[0004] The first method is to place a stick vertically on the ground, measure the length of the stick, and the length of the shadow of the stick at noon, and calculate the solar altitude angle. This method has the following disadvantages: First, the most fatal disadvantage is that we cannot guarantee that the crust where the stick is located has no tilt angle. Even if there is a tilt angle, it is difficult for us to measure it, so this method may be fundamentally problematic. In addition, it is difficult to ensure that the stick is completely perpendicular to the ground, and this method is very cumbersome. There are errors in measuring the length of the stick and the shadow, and the calculation is very troublesome.

[0005] The second method is to use an existing measuring instrument for measurement. However, the existing measuring instrument is difficult to operate (including adjusting the direction of the dial and reading). For example, if the ground is rough, then even if the base is adjusted, when trying to let the sunlight pass through the crosshairs and overlap with the indicator sheet below, the inclination of the base will change. It is difficult to take both the direction of the zero scale line and the direction of the dial surface into account. The scale pointer and the scale line are not completely close together, which increases the reading error and other problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a device structure and a measuring method for measuring the altitude of the sun more conveniently and accurately.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a heliostat, which includes a support body, a column, a guide rail, a pulley and a measuring structure;

[0008] The column is connected to the support body, and the column includes a first support column and a second support column; the two ends of the guide rail are respectively connected to the first support column and the second support column; the pulley has a wheel groove, the wheel groove is arranged on the guide rail, and the pulley has a wheel axis; the measuring structure has a cylindrical structure, and the cylindrical structure is a hollow structure; wherein the cylindrical structure has a main body tube, a first pipe cap and a second pipe cap, and the first pipe cap and the second pipe cap are respectively slidably arranged at the two ends of the main body tube; a connecting plate is arranged in the middle of the main body tube, and a first opening part and a second opening part are respectively arranged on both sides of the connecting plate; the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the pulley, and a scale line is arranged in the cylindrical structure, and the scale line is located below the first opening part and / or the second opening part, and the connecting plate has an edge line, and a calibration line is arranged directly below the edge line; a fine line is arranged in the cylindrical structure, and the extension direction of the fine line is arranged parallel to the cylindrical axis direction of the cylindrical structure; a level meter is arranged in the cylindrical structure, and the level meter is located below the connecting plate.

[0009] A preferred solution is that the thin wire passes through the first through hole of the first tube cap, the main tube and the second through hole of the second tube cap in sequence, and counterweights are hung at both ends of the thin wire, and the counterweights are used to adjust the tightness of the thin wire.

[0010] A preferred solution is that the level is a cylindrical bubble level.

[0011] A preferred solution is that the diameters of the first through hole and the second through hole are 0.8 mm, and the first through hole and the second through hole are used to fix the thin wire passing through with tape.

[0012] A preferred solution is that the support body includes support tubes that are sequentially connected through connecting tubes, and the first support column and the second support column are connected to the support body through a three-way pipe fitting.

[0013] A preferred solution is that the guide rail is a rigid metal guide rail, the guide rail is an arc-shaped guide rail, the arc-shaped guide rail has a bending section, and the bending section has a protruding structure; the first pillar and the second pillar have a socket structure, and the bending section and the protruding structure are arranged in the socket structure.

[0014] A preferred solution is that the pulley is a ball bearing pulley.

[0015] A preferred solution is that the connecting plate has a top opening, the pulley is arranged in the U-shaped plate, and the bottom plate of the U-shaped plate is connected to the top opening of the connecting plate by bolts.

[0016] The method for measuring the solar altitude using a heliostat provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: moving the heliostat to an observation position, pointing the heliostat toward the sun, and placing the support on the ground or an object;

[0018] S2: gradually adjusting the placement position of the cylindrical structure so that the sunlight projection line at the edge line of the cylindrical structure coincides with the calibration line set below;

[0019] S3: Sunlight passing through the thin line will form a thin line projection in the cylindrical structure, and the thin line projection will form an observable projection on the scale line. The reading of the sun's altitude is obtained according to the position of the thin line projection on the scale line.

[0020] In the whole process of measuring the sun's altitude, the level meter is used to ensure that the measuring structure is in a horizontal state.

[0021] A preferred solution includes the following steps:

[0022] The adjustment process of the horizontal balance of the spirit level is performed according to the following steps: the horizontal balance is adjusted by relative movement of the first tube cap on the main tube, and the horizontal balance is adjusted by relative movement of the second tube cap on the main tube, so that the spirit level is finally maintained in a horizontal state.

[0023] A preferred solution includes the following steps:

[0024] When the first tube cap and the second tube cap move relative to the main tube, the counterweight body automatically moves at both ends of the thin wire, so that the thin wire is automatically adjusted to a tensioned state in the cylindrical structure.

[0025] The device structure and measurement method provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) It can measure the solar altitude angle very quickly, saving time and effort. The specific usage method is: ① Find the approximate position of the sun, place the instrument roughly facing the sun, and put it on the ground ② After the device stabilizes, carefully rotate the cylindrical structure so that the projection line of the edge of the cylindrical structure and the calibrated line directly below it roughly coincide with each other ③ After the coincidence, directly read the value. (The level in the cylinder can be adjusted before use).

[0027] (2) It can overcome the influence of uneven ground on the reading, and can be used in rugged places in the wild. It uses gravity to automatically adjust the zero scale line without manual adjustment.

[0028] (3) High accuracy, accurate to 0.1°, the scale pointer and scale lines are tightly aligned and parallel, allowing for better estimation.

[0029] (4) It can be disassembled and assembled, easy to carry, and not easily damaged.

[0030] (5) Gravity can be used to automatically calibrate the position of the zero scale line so that the zero scale line automatically remains horizontal

[0031] (6) The scale pointer is generated by projection so that the scale pointer and the scale line can be close and parallel, so that the data can be read directly and accurately.

[0032] (7) By setting a calibration line just below the edge line, when the projection of the edge line of the cylindrical structure coincides with the calibration line, it can be ensured that the sunlight is perpendicular to the thin line; thereby solving the problem of whether the sunlight is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, otherwise the measured angle may not be the solar altitude angle.

[0033] (8) Move the pipe cap left and right to control the center of gravity of the cylindrical structure. Place a level at the center of the cylindrical structure to see if the center line is perpendicular to the gravity line to ensure that the center of gravity of the cylindrical structure (including the pulley) is directly below the pulley (at this time, the center line is perpendicular to the gravity line).

[0034] (9) When the cylindrical structure is disturbed by the external environment, such as when it is slightly deflected by the wind, the change in the reading does not cause a change visible to the naked eye, which shows that the device has a certain degree of stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the top-down angle of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the measuring principle of the device structure of the heliostat of the present invention;

[0044] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the measuring principle of the device structure of the heliostat of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides a heliostat, which includes a support body 10, a column, a guide rail 12, a pulley 13 and a measuring structure 20.

[0047] The column is connected to the support body 10, and the column includes a first support 11 and a second support 14. The support body 10 includes a support pipe 16 that is sequentially detachably connected through a connecting pipe 15, and the first support 11 and the second support 14 are connected to the support body 10 through a three-way pipe fitting 9. The structure is convenient for disassembly and assembly, and is more convenient to use and carry.

[0048] The two ends of the guide rail 12 are respectively connected to the first pillar 11 and the second pillar 14. The guide rail 12 is a rigid metal guide rail 12, and the guide rail 12 is an arc-shaped guide rail, and the arc-shaped guide rail 12 has a bending section 17, and the bending section 17 has a protruding structure 18; the first pillar 11 and the second pillar 14 have a socket structure 19, and the bending section 17 and the protruding structure 18 are arranged in the socket structure 19. This facilitates the disassembly and installation of the guide rail 12 and the pillars.

[0049] The pulley 13 has a wheel groove 131, the wheel groove 131 is arranged on the guide rail 12, and the pulley 13 has a wheel axis; the pulley 13 is a ball bearing pulley. When the device is placed in an uneven place, the pulley 13 drives the cylindrical structure 21 to move along the guide rail 12.

[0050] The measuring structure 20 has a cylindrical structure 21 , and the cylindrical structure 21 is a hollow structure.

[0051] The cylindrical structure 21 includes a main body tube 22, a first tube cap 23 and a second tube cap 24, and the first tube cap 23 and the second tube cap 24 are slidably disposed at both ends of the main body tube 22. The balance of the cylindrical structure 21 can be adjusted by moving the first tube cap 23 and the second tube cap 24 relative to the main body tube 22.

[0052] A connecting plate 25 is provided in the middle of the main body tube 22, and a first opening 26 and a second opening 27 are provided on both sides of the connecting plate 25. The connecting plate 25 is rotatably connected to the pulley 13, and a scale line 28 is provided in the cylindrical structure 21, and the scale line 28 is located below the first opening 26 or the second opening 27. The connecting plate 25 has an edge line 29, and a calibration line 31 is provided just below the edge line 29. The connecting plate 25 has a top opening, and the pulley 13 is provided in a U-shaped plate 32, and the bottom plate 33 of the U-shaped plate 32 is connected to the top opening of the connecting plate 25 by bolts.

[0053] A thin line 35 is provided in the cylindrical structure 21, and the extension direction of the thin line 35 is arranged parallel to the cylindrical axis 36 of the cylindrical structure 21; a level 40 is provided in the cylindrical structure 21, and the level 40 is located below the connecting plate 25. Preferably, the level 40 is a cylindrical bubble level, and when the bubble is located at the center, it indicates that the device is in a horizontal state, which is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0054] The thin wire 35 passes through the first through hole 41 of the first tube cap 23, the main tube 22, and the second through hole 42 of the second tube cap 24 in sequence, and a counterweight 43 is suspended at both ends of the thin wire 35, and the counterweight 43 is used to adjust the tightness of the thin wire 35. The diameter of the first through hole 41 and the second through hole 42 is 0.8 mm, and the first through hole 41 and the second through hole 42 are used to fix the thin wire 35 passing through by tape.

[0055] The method for measuring the solar altitude using a heliostat provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1: Move the heliostat to an observation position, point the heliostat toward the sun, and place the support 10 on the ground or an object;

[0057] S2: gradually adjusting the placement position of the cylindrical structure 21 so that the sunlight projection line at the edge line 29 of the cylindrical structure 21 coincides with the calibration line 31 set below;

[0058] S3: Sunlight passing through the thin line 35 will form a thin line projection in the cylindrical structure 21, and the thin line projection will form an observable projection line on the scale line 28. The reading of the sun's altitude is obtained according to the position of the projection of the thin line 35 on the scale line 28.

[0059] In the whole process of measuring the height of the sun, the measuring structure 20 is kept in a horizontal state by the level 40. Specifically, the process of adjusting the level 40 includes the following steps: For the adjustment process of the horizontal balance of the level 40, the adjustment is performed according to the following steps: the horizontal balance is adjusted by the relative movement of the first tube cap 23 on the main tube 22, and the horizontal balance is adjusted by the relative movement of the second tube cap 24 on the main tube 22, so that the level 40 is finally maintained in a horizontal state.

[0060] In addition, the tensioning adjustment of the thin wire 35 includes the following steps: when the first tube cap 23 and the second tube cap 24 move relative to the main tube 22, the counterweight 43 automatically moves at both ends of the thin wire 35, thereby automatically adjusting the thin wire 35 to a tensioned state within the cylindrical structure 21.

[0061] The measuring principle of the device provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, the center of the earth is O, and the axis of the cylinder is a point P when viewed from the side. Then OP is roughly the direction of gravity, and the angle between OP and the sun's rays is the solar altitude angle, denoted as θ, as shown in the figure. Let OP intersect the arc of the side of the cylindrical structure at point H, then put a scale on the inner side of the cylindrical structure. If H (the line where it is) is used as the zero scale line, when the sunlight and the axis of the cylindrical structure are perpendicular, the "reading" of the shadow line of the thin line projection of P (the thin line) on the inner side of the cylinder on the scale is the degree of the solar altitude angle θ. Therefore, here are the requirements: the zero scale line (H) must be on OP (the plane where it is), and the zero scale line (H) must be perpendicular to the gravity line, and the sunlight must be perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder.

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown, the center of gravity of the cylindrical structure (including the pulley) is A, and the contact point between the pulley and the guide rail is B. The guide rail can be rotated with I as the axis, and B is the force point of the guide rail; the outer shell of the pulley can be rotated with m as the axis, and A is the force point; at the same time, the cylindrical device can rotate left and right with the tangent n of B as the axis and A as the force point. According to the knowledge of the rotation of the rigid body, when the device is stable, the torque of the force point corresponding to each axis is zero, that is, a straight line is drawn through point A in the direction of gravity, denoted as i, and this straight line i must intersect with m and n. From the previous analysis, it can be seen that it is only necessary to ensure that the plane where the cylinder axis and the zero scale line are parallel to the gravity line, and the zero scale line is perpendicular to the gravity line, so that the purpose of automatic gravity calibration of the position of the zero scale line can be achieved. And when the center of gravity A is on the line directly below the pulley, this purpose can be achieved. This explains why it is necessary to ensure that the center of gravity of the cylindrical structure (including the pulley) must be directly below the pulley.

[0064] like Fig. 9As shown, it is assumed that line A meets the following conditions: when the cylindrical axis is in the horizontal direction and the sunlight is perpendicular to the cylindrical axis, line A is parallel to the gravity line, and the relative position of line A and the cylindrical structure never changes (that is, with the cylindrical structure as the reference system, line A is always stationary). From the geometric relationship, the angle θ between line A and the projection of the thin line is the reading of the instrument. When the cylindrical axis is in a horizontal state, the reading θ is the degree of the solar altitude angle. And from the geometric relationship, the reading θ is the angle between the sunlight and line A. Therefore, when the sunlight is perpendicular to the cylindrical axis, if the cylindrical axis is not horizontal, the direction of line A will change, and the angle θ between line A and the sunlight may change, and θ is the reading of the instrument, which means that the reading at this time is not necessarily the solar altitude angle. Therefore, the cylindrical axis must remain horizontal. This explains why the cylindrical axis of the device must remain horizontal.

[0065] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heliostat, characterized in that: include: Support body; A column connected to the support body, the column comprising a first column and a second column; A guide rail, two ends of which are respectively connected to the first support and the second support; A pulley having a wheel groove, wherein the wheel groove is arranged on the guide rail, and the pulley has a wheel axis; The measuring structure has a cylindrical structure, and the cylindrical structure is a hollow structure; Wherein, the cylindrical structure comprises a main body tube, a first tube cap and a second tube cap, and the first tube cap and the second tube cap are slidably arranged at two ends of the main body tube respectively; A connecting plate is arranged in the middle of the main body tube, and a first opening portion and a second opening portion are arranged on both sides of the connecting plate respectively; The connecting plate is rotatably connected to the pulley, a scale line is arranged in the cylindrical structure, the scale line is located below the first opening and / or the second opening, the connecting plate has an edge line, and a calibration line is arranged directly below the edge line; A thin wire is arranged in the cylindrical structure, and the extension direction of the thin wire is arranged parallel to the cylindrical axis direction of the cylindrical structure; A level is provided in the cylindrical structure, and the level is located below the connecting plate; The support body comprises support pipes which are sequentially connected through connecting pipes, and the first support and the second support are connected to the support body through a three-way pipe fitting; The guide rail is a rigid metal guide rail, the guide rail is an arc-shaped guide rail, the arc-shaped guide rail has a bending section, and the bending section has a convex structure; The first pillar and the second pillar have a socket structure, and the bending section and the protrusion structure are arranged in the socket structure.

2. The heliostat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thin wire passes through the first through hole of the first tube cap, the main tube and the second through hole of the second tube cap in sequence, and counterweights are hung at both ends of the thin wire, and the counterweights are used to adjust the tightness of the thin wire.

3. The heliostat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameters of the first through hole and the second through hole are 0.8 mm, and the thin wire passing through the first through hole and the second through hole is fixed by adhesive tape.

4. A heliostat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pulley is a ball bearing pulley; The level is a cylindrical bubble level.

5. A heliostat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The connecting plate has a top opening, the pulley is arranged in the U-shaped plate, and the bottom plate of the U-shaped plate is connected to the top opening of the connecting plate by bolts.

6. The method for measuring the solar altitude using a heliostat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1: moving the heliostat to an observation position, pointing the heliostat toward the sun, and placing the support on the ground or an object; S2: gradually adjusting the placement position of the cylindrical structure so that the sunlight projection line at the edge line of the cylindrical structure coincides with the calibration line set below; S3: Sunlight passing through the thin line forms a thin line projection in the cylindrical structure, and the thin line projection forms an observable projection on the scale line. The reading of the sun's altitude is obtained according to the position of the thin line projection on the scale line; In the whole process of measuring the sun's altitude, the level meter is used to ensure that the measuring structure is in a horizontal state.

7. The method for measuring the solar altitude using a heliostat according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are included: The adjustment process of the horizontal balance of the spirit level is performed according to the following steps: the horizontal balance is adjusted by relative movement of the first tube cap on the main tube, and the horizontal balance is adjusted by relative movement of the second tube cap on the main tube, so that the spirit level is finally maintained in a horizontal state.

8. The method for measuring the solar altitude using a heliostat according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are included: When the first tube cap and the second tube cap move relative to the main tube, the counterweight body automatically moves at both ends of the thin wire, so that the thin wire is automatically adjusted to a tensioned state in the cylindrical structure.

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