A method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives on the inner dump benches of open-pit mines

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner-dump benches of open-pit mines, which includes: during the process of forming a dumping bench in the waste dump of an open-pit mine by stacking waste, arranging a plurality of buried points in advance at the bottom of the slope of the dumping bench and pre-burying explosives in the buried points; after the dumping bench is formed, setting monitoring components in the dumping bench to monitor the dynamic information of the slope deformation of the dumping bench; during the process of the slope of the dumping bench sliding, if the slope sliding speed meets the detonation acceleration condition, predicting the landslide shear outlet position of the slope according to the basic parameters of the slope; determining the explosive closest to the landslide shear outlet and detonating it to increase the sliding speed of the slope; after the stress of the dumping bench is released and it becomes stable, re-conducting the waste dumping operation on the basis of the landslide, and repeating the above steps. This solution accelerates the landslide through artificial interference, reduces the waiting time, and improves the work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of accelerating landslides by pre-buried explosives, and particularly to a method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dump benches of open-pit mines. Background Art

[0002] The inner dump yard of an open-pit mine is a place for discharging waste rock and soil from mine exploitation. Landslides are formed due to the instability of the slope caused by the long-term stacking and accumulation of waste rock and soil. The slope stability problem of the inner dump yard of an open-pit mine is affected by multiple factors such as the shape of the dump yard base and the properties of rock strata, the characteristics of discharged materials, water, and the slope shape. Landslides in the inner dump yard of an open-pit mine may cause serious accidents such as dump trucks or auxiliary equipment sliding to the bottom of the slope, transportation roads being blocked, facilities and equipment or even workers being buried, which will not only affect the production of the open-pit mine, cause great economic losses, but even result in casualties.

[0003] At present, most mining enterprises have strengthened the slope deformation monitoring work and established a perfect daily inspection and monitoring system for the inner dump yard. For local and small-scale deformation anomalies, they usually increase the monitoring frequency and implement corresponding treatment measures; but when the landslide is out of control, they can only immediately evacuate safely and passively wait for the landslide phenomenon to occur, which seriously affects the on-site working time and efficiency. In view of this phenomenon, we propose a method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dump benches of open-pit mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dump benches of open-pit mines in view of the problem that when the landslide is uncontrollable, the passive waiting for the occurrence of the landslide phenomenon affects the working efficiency.

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dump benches of open-pit mines is provided, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: During the process of forming a dump bench in the dump yard of an open-pit mine, a plurality of buried points are pre-arranged at the bottom of the dump bench and explosives are pre-buried in the buried points;

[0008] Step 2: After the dump bench is formed, monitoring components are arranged in the dump bench to monitor the dynamic information of the slope deformation of the dump bench;

[0009] Step 3: During the process of the slope of the dump bench sliding, if the slope sliding speed meets the detonation acceleration condition, the landslide shear outlet position of the slope is predicted according to the basic parameters of the slope;

[0010] Step 4: Determine the explosive closest to the landslide shear outlet and detonate it to increase the sliding speed of the slope;

[0011] Step 5: After the stress of the waste dump bench is released and stabilized, resume the waste dumping operation on the basis of the landslide, and repeat the above Steps 1 to 4.

[0012] In the method for accelerating landslide by pre-burying explosives in the internal waste dump bench of an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention, in Step 2, GNSS monitoring components are arranged at the bench shoulder to obtain the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring points. When the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring points exceeds the preset range, the GNSS monitoring components send out warning signals.

[0013] In the method for accelerating landslide by pre-burying explosives in the internal waste dump bench of an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention, in Step 2, the warning signals include a three-level warning mode signal, where:

[0014] When the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring points reaches 8 mm / h and 192 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring components execute the level III warning mode;

[0015] When the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring points reaches 10 mm / h and 240 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring components execute the level II warning mode;

[0016] When the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring points reaches 15 mm / h and 360 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring components execute the level I warning mode.

[0017] In the method for accelerating landslide by pre-burying explosives in the internal waste dump bench of an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention, in Step 2, radar monitoring components are arranged at the end slope of the waste dump to obtain the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope. When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope exceeds the preset range, the radar monitoring components send out warning signals.

[0018] In the method for accelerating landslide by pre-burying explosives in the internal waste dump bench of an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention, in Step 2, the warning signals sent out by the radar monitoring components include a three-level warning mode signal, where:

[0019] When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope is 5 - 8 mm / h, the radar monitoring components execute the level III warning mode;

[0020] When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope is 8 - 10 mm / h, the radar monitoring components execute the level II warning mode;

[0021] When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope is above 10 mm / h, the radar monitoring components execute the level I warning mode.

[0022] A method for accelerating landslide by pre-embedded explosives in a row of steps in an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention comprises, in step 2, a mobile monitoring component is arranged at the top of the step; the mobile monitoring component comprises a plurality of mobile monitoring components, and the plurality of mobile monitoring components are evenly installed at the top of the slope, and the mobile monitoring component monitors the moving speed of the monitoring point at the top of the slope.

[0023] In a method for accelerating landslide by pre-embedded explosives in the drainage steps of an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention, in the step 2, the monitoring components arranged in the drainage steps are all installed in a detachable manner.

[0024] In a method for accelerating landslide by pre-embedded explosives in an inner step of an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention, in the step 3, the basic parameters of the slope include the slope angle α, the step height H, the slope fill weight γ, the soil cohesion c and the internal friction angle , the limit equilibrium method is used to predict the landslide shear exit position of the slope.

[0025] In a method for accelerating landslide by pre-embedding explosives on steps in an open-pit mine provided in some embodiments of the present invention, in step one, the multiple embedding points are arranged in a rectangular lattice.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for accelerating landslides by pre-embedding explosives on steps in an open-pit mine is provided, wherein a plurality of buried points are arranged in a row every 40-60 meters along the advancement direction of the spoil dump, and the distance between two adjacent buried points in each row is 5-15 meters.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0028] The present invention provides a method for accelerating landslide by pre-embedded explosives in a dump step in an open-pit mine. In the process of dumping soil in the open-pit mine dump to form a dump step, multiple buried points are arranged at the bottom of the slope of the dump step and explosives are pre-embedded in the buried points. After the dump step is formed, a monitoring component is arranged in the dump step to monitor the dynamic information of the slope deformation of the dump step. If the sliding speed of the slope meets the detonation acceleration condition, the position of the landslide shear outlet of the slope is predicted according to the basic parameters of the slope, and the explosives near the predicted landslide shear outlet are detonated. This scheme accelerates landslides through manual intervention, reduces waiting time, and improves work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to understand the objects and advantages of the present invention, wherein:

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the steps of a method for accelerating landslide by pre-embedding explosives on steps in an open-pit mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the initial form of the inner step of an open-pit mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The distribution diagram of explosive burial points from a bird's-eye view is shown in FIG.

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the state of an inner row of steps in an open-pit mine about to slide according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the distribution of explosive burial points from a side perspective. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0039] The method for accelerating landslide by pre-embedding explosives on steps in an open-pit mine provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: During the process of forming a waste dump bench in an open-pit mine waste dump, a plurality of buried points are pre-arranged at the bottom of the slope of the waste dump bench and explosives are pre-buried in the buried points. Specifically, multiple rows and columns of buried points can be arranged. After the explosives are pre-buried in the buried points, they can be detonated in such a way that the explosives in the same row of buried points can be detonated simultaneously by the detonating cord initiation method.

[0041] Step 2: After the waste dump bench is formed, a monitoring component is set in the waste dump bench to monitor the dynamic information of the slope deformation of the waste dump bench. The monitoring component is used to timely master and collect the dynamic information of the slope deformation. When the monitoring data exceeds the limit, the monitoring system issues an early warning to notify managers at all levels.

[0042] Step 3: During the process of the slope of the waste dump bench sliding, if the slope sliding speed meets the detonation acceleration condition, the landslide shear outlet position of the slope is predicted according to the basic slope parameters. The detonation acceleration condition can be preset as a speed range value, which is reasonably set according to the human and material resources of different waste dumps. If the slope sliding speed meets the detonation acceleration condition, it means that the human and material resources required during the monitoring process have exceeded the bearing capacity of the personnel in the waste dump. In this step, preferably, the basic slope parameters include the slope angle α, the bench height H, the unit weight γ of the slope fill, the cohesion c of the soil, and the internal friction angle , and the limit equilibrium method is used to predict the landslide shear outlet position of the slope. The limit equilibrium method analyzes the stress state under various failure modes of the slope according to the principle of static equilibrium, and evaluates the stability of the slope based on the relationship between the anti-sliding force and the sliding force on the slope sliding body.

[0043] Step 4: Determine the explosive closest to the landslide shear outlet and detonate it to increase the sliding speed of the slope. When this step is executed, managers at all levels need to evacuate the on-site personnel, withdraw the relevant equipment, set up a warning area, and then use the detonating cord to detonate the nearest row of explosives inside the predicted landslide shear outlet to accelerate the landslide of the slope.

[0044] Step 5: After the stress of the waste dump bench is released and stabilized, re-dumping operations are carried out on the basis of the landslide, and the above Steps 1 to 4 are repeated.

[0045] In the above solution, during the process of forming a waste dump bench in an open-pit mine waste dump, a plurality of buried points are pre-arranged at the bottom of the slope of the waste dump bench and explosives are pre-buried in the buried points. After the waste dump bench is formed, a monitoring component is set in the waste dump bench to monitor the dynamic information of the slope deformation of the waste dump bench. If the slope sliding speed meets the detonation acceleration condition, the landslide shear outlet position of the slope is predicted according to the basic slope parameters, and the explosives near the predicted landslide shear outlet are detonated. This solution accelerates the landslide through artificial interference, reduces the waiting time, and improves the work efficiency.

[0046] Specifically, refer to Figures 2 to 5, first, a row of explosives 3 is arranged at intervals of L1 at the bottom of the slope 9 along the advancing direction of the waste dump. As shown in the figure, a total of 7 rows of explosives 3 are arranged, namely 3-1 to 3-7 shown in the figure. The spacing between adjacent explosives 3 in each row is L2; the early warning level is determined through the slope monitoring system, and the approximate position of the shear outlet 2 of the landslide surface 1 is calculated and predicted using the limit equilibrium method based on the position where the crack 8 appears. According to the approximate position of the shear outlet 2 of the landslide surface 1 calculated and predicted, the innermost row of explosives 3-3 closest to its position is detonated to accelerate the occurrence of the landslide phenomenon. That is, in the method for accelerating the landslide by pre-buried explosives described in this embodiment, only one row of explosives 3 needs to be detonated simultaneously using detonating cords, that is, the innermost row of explosives 3-3 closest to the predicted shear outlet 2 of the landslide surface 1 is selected for detonation, rather than detonating all the explosives 3 together.

[0047] In the method for accelerating the landslide by pre-burying explosives in the inner dump bench of the open-pit mine described in the above solution, in the second step, GNSS monitoring components are set at the bench shoulder 7 to obtain the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring point. When the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring point exceeds the preset range, the GNSS monitoring component issues a warning signal. Among them, the warning signal includes a three-level warning mode signal. If the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring point reaches 8 mm / h and 192 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring component executes the level III warning mode; if the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring point reaches 10 mm / h and 240 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring component executes the level II warning mode; if the moving speed of the bench shoulder monitoring point reaches 15 mm / h and 360 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring component executes the level I warning mode.

[0048] Furthermore, in the method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines in some embodiments of the present invention, in step two, radar monitoring components are arranged at the end slope of the waste dump to obtain the moving speeds of each monitoring point set on slope 6. When the moving speeds of each monitoring point on the slope exceed the preset range, the radar monitoring components send out warning signals. The warning signals sent out by the radar monitoring components include a three-level warning mode signal, where: when the moving speed of each monitoring point on the slope is 5 - 8 mm / h, the radar monitoring components execute the level III warning mode; when the moving speed of each monitoring point on the slope is 8 - 10 mm / h, the radar monitoring components execute the level II warning mode; when the moving speed of each monitoring point on the slope is above 10 mm / h, the radar monitoring components execute the level I warning mode. Specifically, radar monitoring components are installed at the end slope of the open-pit mine, at a position 1000 meters away from the dumping bench. The radar monitoring components select IBIS slope radars, which perform sampling once every 120 seconds, with a sampling period of 60 seconds, a range resolution of 0.75 meters, and an angular resolution of 4.36 mrad, to obtain the speed conditions of each monitoring point on the slope. In this solution, the GNSS slope displacement monitoring and the IBIS slope radar monitoring are integrated, which can collect various slope displacement information simultaneously, improving the accuracy of the monitoring data. In the above solution, both the GNSS automatic monitoring system and the IBIS slope radar monitoring system adopt a three-level warning mode, which is convenient for adopting different on-site treatment plans for different warning levels.

[0049] Preferably, in the above method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines, in step two, moving monitoring components are arranged at the top of the slope of the bench; there are multiple moving monitoring components, and the multiple moving monitoring components are evenly installed at the top of the slope. The moving monitoring components monitor the moving speed of the monitoring points at the top of the slope. The moving monitoring components select GPS positioning modules, which can include ten or more and are evenly installed at the top of the slope, 5 meters away from the slope shoulder, improving the authenticity of the actual slope displacement changes.

[0050] In the solution of the above embodiments of the present invention, in step two, the monitoring components arranged in the dumping bench are all installed in a detachable manner. That is, each monitoring component can be moved, and the monitoring point equipment can be evacuated before manually detonating the explosives. On the premise of meeting the monitoring requirements, equipment loss can be reduced.

[0051] For the convenience of operation, as shown in the figure, in step one, the multiple buried points are arranged in a rectangular dot matrix. The arrangement method of the multiple buried points is to set a row of buried points every 40 - 60 meters along the advancing direction of the waste dump, and the distance between two adjacent buried points in each row of buried points is 5 - 15 meters. As shown in the figure, preferably, the distance between two adjacent rows of buried points is 50 meters, and the distance between two adjacent buried points in each row of buried points is 10 meters.

[0052] In the solutions provided in the above embodiments of the present invention, according to the positions and widths of the existing fissures, the position of the shear outlet of the landslide surface is calculated and derived, and the explosives around it are detonated to artificially intervene in the landslide, accelerating the landslide speed, reducing the on-site operation waiting time, and improving work efficiency. Moreover, by using GNSS slope displacement monitoring and IBIS slope radar monitoring simultaneously, the landslide speed is monitored, improving the accuracy of the monitoring data. When setting up the monitoring components, the on-site monitoring point devices are evenly installed at various monitoring areas on the slope surface, slope shoulder, and slope top of the slope at a predetermined interval distance to ensure that the monitoring effect is more real and reliable. Preferably, the monitoring components are all installed in a movable manner, and the monitoring point devices can be evacuated before the artificial interference detonates the explosives, reducing equipment loss and cost.

[0053] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given for clear illustration and not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: During the process of forming a waste dump bench in an open-pit mine waste dump, a plurality of buried points are pre-arranged at the bottom of the slope of the waste dump bench and explosives are pre-buried in the buried points; Step 2: After the waste dump bench is formed, monitoring components are set in the waste dump bench to monitor the dynamic information of the slope deformation of the waste dump bench; Step 3: During the process of the slope sliding of the waste dump bench, if the slope sliding speed meets the detonation acceleration condition, predict the landslide shear outlet position of the slope according to the basic slope parameters; where: the basic slope parameters include the slope angle α, the bench height H, the unit weight γ of the slope fill, the cohesion c of the soil, and the internal friction angle Predict the landslide shear outlet position of the slope by using the limit equilibrium method; Step 4: Determine the explosives closest to the landslide shear outlet and detonate them to increase the sliding speed of the slope; Step 5: After the stress of the waste dump bench is released and stabilized, re-dumping operations are carried out on the basis of the landslide, and the above steps 1 to 4 are repeated.

2. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, a GNSS monitoring component is set at the crest of the slope of the bench to obtain the moving speed of the crest monitoring point. When the moving speed of the crest monitoring point exceeds the preset range, the GNSS monitoring component issues a warning signal.

3. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the warning signal includes a three-level warning mode signal, where: If the moving speed of the crest monitoring point reaches 8 mm / h and 192 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring component executes the level III warning mode; If the moving speed of the crest monitoring point reaches 10 mm / h and 240 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring component executes the level II warning mode; If the moving speed of the crest monitoring point reaches 15 mm / h and 360 mm / d, the GNSS monitoring component executes the level I warning mode.

4. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, a radar monitoring component is set at the end slope of the waste dump to obtain the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope. When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope exceeds the preset range, the radar monitoring component issues a warning signal.

5. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the warning signal issued by the radar monitoring component includes a three-level warning mode signal, where: When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope is 5-8 mm / h, the radar monitoring component executes the level III warning mode; When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope is 8-10 mm / h, the radar monitoring component executes the level II warning mode; When the moving speed of each monitoring point of the slope is above 10 mm / h, the radar monitoring component executes the level I warning mode.

6. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, a mobile monitoring component is set at the top of the slope of the bench; there are a plurality of the mobile monitoring components, and the plurality of mobile monitoring components are evenly installed at the top of the slope, and the mobile monitoring component monitors the moving speed of the top monitoring point.

7. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: In step 2, the monitoring components set in the waste dump bench are all installed in a detachable manner.

8. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: In step 1, the plurality of buried points are arranged in a rectangular dot matrix.

9. The method for accelerating landslides by pre-burying explosives in the inner dumping benches of open-pit mines according to claim 8, characterized in that: The arrangement method of the plurality of buried points is to set a row of buried points every 40-60 meters along the advancing direction of the waste dump, and the distance between two adjacent buried points in each row of buried points is 5-15 meters.

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