A ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse project

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventilation and dehumidification method for a dam grouting gallery of a rear-dam powerhouse project, comprising a grouting gallery, a dam stairwell, a powerhouse, a smoke-proof air machine room, a connecting gallery, a plurality of natural ventilation buried pipes, a pressurized air supply buried pipe, a pressurized air supply fan, a first fire damper, a second fire damper, an electric safety door, a dehumidifier, a linkage electric air valve, and a sensor; the invention determines whether to perform mechanical air supply through the pressurized air supply buried pipe and the pressurized air supply fan according to the humidity value measured by the sensor; on the one hand, the invention forms a good airflow organization and air quality in the dam grouting gallery through the combined operation of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation in the grouting gallery; on the other hand, the dam grouting gallery is used as an air inlet channel of a hydropower station powerhouse to realize the overall ventilation of the grouting gallery and the hydropower station powerhouse, and the pressurized air supply fan, the pressurized air supply buried pipe and the natural ventilation buried pipe are used to ventilate the hydropower station powerhouse, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the ventilation and air-conditioning system of the hydropower station powerhouse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ventilation and dehumidification of a dam grouting gallery of a dam rear powerhouse project, and is suitable for ventilation and dehumidification of a dam rear powerhouse project or a dam grouting gallery where the dam and the powerhouse are arranged at similar positions. Background Art

[0002] Hydropower station dams are usually surrounded by the atmosphere, reservoir water, tailwater and rock mass, and have strong heat or cold storage capabilities, good thermal stability, small temperature variation and relatively humid characteristics. The temperature of the dam body depends on the changes in air and water temperatures. Practice has shown that the temperature changes of these two media are periodic changes, and their change characteristics conform to the law of cosine function. Since the dam body has a strong heat storage capacity, when the air and water temperatures transfer heat to the dam body, the temperature amplitude will be attenuated and the time delay will be formed. Considering that the corridors used by the ventilation and air-conditioning system are generally dam grouting corridors or maintenance corridors, which are all located deep in the dam body, the influence of atmospheric temperature changes on the wall temperature of the corridors in the dam body is generally not considered, and only the influence of water temperature changes on the wall temperature of the corridors in the dam body is considered.

[0003] Hydropower plant buildings generally use engineering construction tunnels or specially designed ventilation tunnels as air inlet ducts for plant ventilation. These ducts are generally very long, several hundred meters or even thousands of meters long, and the wind speed passing through them is not high; the outdoor air intake can reduce the annual and daily fluctuations of the incoming air temperature through heat exchange with the rock mass of the cave wall; when the air inlet duct is long enough and the heat exchange is sufficient, the daily fluctuation of the air entering the room can be close to zero; when designing ventilation and air conditioning, it is necessary to fully consider the regulating effect of the underground air inlet duct on the incoming air temperature, so that the design capacity of the plant ventilation and air conditioning system is more in line with the actual situation, avoiding the waste of excessive design capacity of the ventilation and air conditioning system, which is of significance for saving energy and protecting the environment, and has practical significance for my country's sustainable development strategy.

[0004] The dam grouting gallery is buried deep, and the grouting gallery can be used as the air inlet channel of the hydropower plant. However, the moisture problem of the dam grouting gallery has always been a common and difficult problem in water conservancy and hydropower projects. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the main structures of the dam rear powerhouse project include the dam A and the dam rear powerhouse 3. The dam grouting corridor 1 is located at a certain depth of the dam A. According to the total length of the dam, several stairwells 2 are arranged down to the grouting corridor. A stairwell smoke-proof fan room 4 is arranged at the dam top B. The powerhouse 3 is placed at a certain distance and depth downstream of the dam.

[0005] In actual projects, the grouting corridors of dams are often not used as air inlets for plant ventilation due to various reasons, such as the moisture in the grouting corridors themselves and the potential safety hazards of flooded plant buildings. To solve this problem, it is first necessary to work closely with civil engineering and other professionals to eliminate or minimize the source of moisture in the grouting corridors. Secondly, the HVAC professionals need to design the ventilation and dehumidification system of the grouting corridors themselves, improve the air quality in the corridors, and reasonably use the grouting corridors to form air inlets for plant ventilation. Using the grouting corridors of dams as air inlets for the ventilation of hydropower plant buildings, the ventilation and dehumidification of the grouting corridors of dams have become issues that need to be urgently addressed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ventilation and dehumidification system for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse project, which solves the ventilation and dehumidification problems of the dam grouting gallery. At the same time, the dam grouting gallery can be used as an air inlet channel for the ventilation of the hydropower station powerhouse, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the ventilation and air-conditioning system of the powerhouse.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0008] A ventilation and dehumidification method for a dam grouting gallery of a dam rear powerhouse project, comprising a grouting gallery, a dam stairwell, and a powerhouse, characterized in that it also comprises a smoke-proof fan room, a connecting gallery, a plurality of natural ventilation buried pipes, a pressurized air supply buried pipe, a pressurized air supply fan, a first fire damper, a second fire damper, a dehumidifier, a linkage electric air valve, and a sensor;

[0009] The smoke-proof fan room is set on the dam top platform;

[0010] The connecting corridor is arranged between the powerhouse and the grouting corridor, and the connecting corridor connects the powerhouse and the dam grouting corridor;

[0011] Multiple natural ventilation buried pipes are distributed longitudinally along the grouting gallery of the dam, and each natural ventilation buried pipe extends downward from the dam top to the grouting gallery;

[0012] The buried pipe for pressurized air supply is connected to the pressurized air supply fan at the place where it comes out of the ground. The air outlet section of the pressurized air supply fan is provided with an electric air valve linked to the fan. The buried pipe for pressurized air supply and the fan are both located in the smoke-proof fan room. The buried pipe for pressurized air supply extends downward from the smoke-proof fan room close to the outer wall of the stairwell to the grouting corridor.

[0013] A plurality of branch pipes are arranged at intervals of the buried pipe for pressurized air supply close to the outer wall of the stairwell, specifically, a branch pipe is arranged at every two to three floors, the branch pipe passes through the wall of the stairwell and extends to the inside of the stairwell, and a second fire damper is arranged at the end of each branch pipe; a first fire damper is arranged at the end of the buried pipe for pressurized air supply extending into the grouting gallery;

[0014] Sensors are arranged in the grouting gallery;

[0015] The dehumidifier is placed in the grouting gallery.

[0016] Furthermore, a connecting corridor is arranged between the plant and the grouting corridor, and the connecting corridor connects the plant and the grouting corridor of the dam.

[0017] Furthermore, the connection point between the connecting corridor and the grouting corridor is located in the middle or upper part of the grouting corridor.

[0018] Furthermore, the connecting corridor is connected to the factory building through an electric safety door.

[0019] Furthermore, the electric safety door is arranged at one end of the connecting corridor close to the factory building.

[0020] Furthermore, the top end of the natural ventilation buried pipe is bent.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom end of the natural ventilation buried pipe is located at the upper part or the middle part of the grouting gallery.

[0022] Furthermore, the first fire damper is a normally open electric fire damper; and the second fire damper is a normally closed electric fire damper.

[0023] Furthermore, the sensor is arranged in the grouting gallery, near the connection between the grouting gallery and the connecting gallery.

[0024] Furthermore, the sensor is an air humidity sensor.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. The pressurized air supply fan and the pressurized air supply buried pipe on the dam are not often used, but must be installed due to fire protection requirements; the present invention uses the pressurized air supply system that is not often used for mechanical ventilation and dehumidification of the grouting gallery, and sets an air humidity sensor to determine whether the mechanical ventilation system is turned on according to the data of the air humidity sensor, thereby solving the ventilation and dehumidification problem of the grouting gallery of the dam without adding civil excavation and ventilation equipment; at the same time, natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation in the grouting gallery are jointly operated, so that good airflow organization and air quality are formed in the grouting gallery of the dam.

[0027] 2. The dam grouting gallery is used as the air inlet channel of the hydropower station building to achieve overall ventilation of the grouting gallery and the hydropower station building, and pressurized air supply fans, pressurized air supply buried pipes and natural ventilation buried pipes are used to ventilate the hydropower station building, reducing the energy consumption of the ventilation and air-conditioning system of the hydropower station building. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is the axonometric diagram of the ventilation and dehumidification system of the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse project.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the powerhouse project behind the dam.

[0030] In the figure: dam body A, dam top platform B, tailwater platform C, upstream water level D, downstream water level E, grouting gallery 1, stairwell 2, factory building 3, smoke proof fan room 4, connecting gallery 5, natural ventilation buried pipe 6, pressurized air supply buried pipe 7, pressurized air supply fan 8, first fire damper 9, second fire damper 10, electric safety door 11, dehumidifier 12, linked electric air valve 13, sensor 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the invention clearer, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] The ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the present invention is suitable for ventilation and dehumidification of a dam grouting gallery in a powerhouse project behind a dam or a dam where the dam and the powerhouse are arranged in close proximity. At the same time, the present invention uses the dam grouting gallery as an air inlet channel for a hydropower station powerhouse.

[0033] Figure 1 This is the axonometric diagram of the ventilation and dehumidification system of the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse project, in which the ventilation system of powerhouse 3 is omitted; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the powerhouse project behind the dam, in which the connecting corridor between the dam grouting corridor 1 and the powerhouse 3 is omitted.

[0034] In the present invention, the plant 3 has a ventilation system, so that the plant 3 forms a certain negative pressure, which is conducive to the air flowing into the plant 3 through the dam grouting gallery 1.

[0035] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the ventilation and dehumidification system of the dam grouting gallery of the rear-dam powerhouse project includes a grouting gallery 1, a dam stairwell 2, a powerhouse 3, a smoke-proof fan room 4, a connecting gallery 5 from the grouting gallery 1 to the hydropower plant building 3, a plurality of natural ventilation buried pipes 6, pressurized air supply buried pipes 7, a pressurized air supply fan 8, a first fire damper 9, a second fire damper 10, an electric safety door 11, a dehumidifier 12, a linkage electric air valve 13, and a sensor 14.

[0036] The dam grouting gallery 1 is arranged in the dam body A upstream of the hydropower plant building 3. A staircase 2 is set according to the total length of the dam. Through the staircase 2, one can go down from the dam top platform B to the grouting gallery 1. The dam top platform B is higher than the upstream water level D, and the hydropower plant building 3 is higher than the tailwater platform C and the downstream water level E.

[0037] The smoke-proof fan room 4 is arranged on the dam top platform B, near the stairwell, and is used for smoke prevention in the stairwell; the connecting corridor 5 is located between the plant 3 and the dam grouting corridor 1, connecting the plant 3 and the dam grouting corridor 1, and the connection between the connecting corridor 5 and the grouting corridor 1 is located in the middle or upper part of the grouting corridor; the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 is a steel pipe, which is distributed longitudinally along the dam grouting corridor 1, and the distance between every two natural ventilation buried pipes 6 is determined according to the pipe diameter and the actual project situation; the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 extends vertically downward from the dam top to the grouting corridor 1, and the top of the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 is located above the dam top and connected to the atmosphere, and the natural ventilation buried pipe The top of 6 is bent to form a rainproof elbow structure. Even if it rains, too much rainwater will not be introduced into the grouting gallery 1, reducing the impact of weather conditions on the ventilation of the grouting gallery; the top of the natural ventilation buried pipe serves as the air inlet of the grouting gallery 1. After cooling and dehumidifying in the grouting gallery 1, the air flows to the relatively negative pressure plant 3; the bottom of the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 extends to the interior of the grouting gallery 1, and the bottom end of the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 is located in the upper or middle part of the grouting gallery 1; in addition, the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 can be replaced by a natural ventilation shaft. The selection of the buried pipe scheme is not limited by factors such as the aesthetics of the dam top building and spatial conditions, and is easy to implement.

[0038] The buried pipe 7 for pressurized air supply is a steel pipe. The buried pipe 7 for pressurized air supply is connected to the pressurized air supply fan 8 at the place where it comes out of the ground. The outlet section of the pressurized air supply fan 8 is provided with an electric air valve 13 linked with the fan. The buried pipe 7 for pressurized air supply and the fan 8 are both located in the smoke-proof fan room 4; Figure 1 As shown, the buried pressurized air supply pipe 7 extends vertically downward from the smoke proof air machine room 4 close to the outer wall of the stairwell 2 to the grouting corridor 1; a plurality of branch pipes are arranged at intervals of the buried pressurized air supply pipe 7 close to the outer wall of the stairwell, specifically, a branch pipe is arranged at every two to three floors, each branch pipe passes through the wall of the stairwell and extends to the inside of the stairwell, and a second fire damper 10 is arranged at the end of each branch pipe, and the second fire damper 10 is a 70°C normally closed electric fire damper; a first fire damper 9 is arranged at the end of the buried pressurized air supply pipe 7 extending to the grouting corridor 1, and the first fire damper 9 is a 70°C normally open electric fire damper; the normally open or normally closed electric fire dampers can be remotely controlled to open and close.

[0039] A normally open electric safety door 11 is provided at one end of the connecting corridor 5 close to the factory building 3 . The connecting corridor 5 is connected with the factory building 3 through the electric safety door 11 . The connecting corridor 5 is a civil construction passage between the grouting corridor 1 and the factory building 3 .

[0040] An air humidity sensor 14 is arranged in the grouting gallery 1, specifically, near the connection between the grouting gallery 1 and the connecting gallery 5; the bracket is fixed to the wall of the connecting gallery 5 by expansion bolts, and the air humidity sensor 14 is fixed at the connection between the connecting gallery 5 and the grouting gallery 1 by the bracket. The air humidity value detected by the sensor 14 is used as a judgment condition for whether the pressurized air supply fan 8 performs mechanical air supply to the grouting gallery 1.

[0041] A mobile dehumidifier 12 is placed in the grouting gallery 1. The dehumidifier 12 is distributed longitudinally in the grouting gallery of the dam. The dehumidifier 12 is automatically turned on and off according to the set humidity limit. When the relative humidity of the air in the grouting gallery is higher than the set high value, the dehumidifier is automatically turned on, and when it is lower than the set low value, the dehumidifier 12 is automatically turned off, so as to maintain the air humidity in the grouting gallery within a certain range so as not to be too high and reduce the operating energy consumption; the condensed water of the dehumidifier 12 is discharged to the grouting gallery drainage ditch nearby.

[0042] The present invention can realize three ventilation operation conditions: first, when the ventilation of the grouting gallery 1 and the ventilation of the plant 3 are jointly operated, that is, the normally open electric safety door 11 is opened, and when the air humidity sensor 14 monitors that the humidity is higher than the set high value, the pressurized air supply fan 8 and its linked air valve 13 are closed through the automatic control system, and the mechanical air supply through the dam grouting gallery 1 is stopped. Only natural air intake is carried out through the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 from the grouting gallery 1 to the dam top B. The outdoor air enters the gallery through the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 and then enters the slightly negative pressure plant 3; second, when the ventilation of the grouting gallery 1 and the ventilation of the plant 3 are jointly operated, that is, the normally open electric safety door 11 is opened, and when the air humidity sensor 14 monitors that the humidity is lower than the set bottom value, the pressurized air supply is turned on through the automatic control system. The fan 8 and its linked air valve 13 mechanically supply air to the dam grouting gallery 1 through the pressurized air supply buried pipe 7, thereby strengthening the ventilation of the grouting gallery. The outdoor air simultaneously enters the gallery through the natural ventilation buried pipe 6 and the pressurized air supply buried pipe 7, and then enters the slightly negative pressure factory building 3; thirdly, when the grouting gallery ventilation and the factory building ventilation system operate independently, that is, when the normally open electric safety door 11 is closed, the pressurized air supply fan 8 and its linked air valve 13 in the stairwell are opened, and the pressurized air supply buried pipe 7 mechanically supplies air to the dam grouting gallery 1, thereby strengthening the ventilation of the grouting gallery 1. The natural ventilation buried pipe 6 serves as an exhaust channel or a balance channel of the ventilation system of the grouting gallery 1; in the above three ventilation operating conditions, the mobile dehumidifier 12 in the grouting gallery operates independently according to the set value.

[0043] The electric safety door 11 is in a normally open state. The opening and closing of the electric safety door 11 can be remotely controlled in the control room, or the electric safety door 11 can be manually opened and closed in the hydropower plant building 3; when the dam or the connecting corridor 5 is leaking, the electric safety door 11 can be closed.

[0044] In the ventilation system described in the present invention, when the air humidity sensor 14 monitors that the humidity is lower than the set bottom value, the pressurized air supply fan 8 and its linked air valve 13 are turned on through the automatic control system, and the pressurized air supply buried pipe 7 is used to mechanically supply air to the dam grouting gallery 1 to enhance the ventilation effect of the grouting gallery 1; when the air humidity sensor 14 monitors that the humidity is higher than the set high value, the pressurized air supply fan 8 and its linked air valve 13 are turned off, and the mechanical air supply to the dam grouting gallery 1 is stopped.

[0045] The pressurized air supply fan 8 and the pressurized air supply buried pipe 7 on the dam are not often used but must be installed due to fire protection requirements; the present invention uses the pressurized air supply system that is not often used for ventilation of the grouting gallery 1 and the factory building 3, reducing the fresh air energy consumption of the factory building ventilation and air-conditioning system.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field. The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or to replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation and dehumidification method for a dam grouting gallery of a dam rear powerhouse project, comprising a grouting gallery (1), a dam staircase (2), and a powerhouse (3), characterized in that It also includes a smoke-proof air machine room (4), a connecting corridor (5), a plurality of natural ventilation buried pipes (6), a pressurized air supply buried pipe (7), a pressurized air supply fan (8), a first fire damper (9), a second fire damper (10), a dehumidifier (12), a linkage electric air valve (13), and a sensor (14); The smoke-proof fan room (4) is arranged on the dam top platform; The connecting corridor (5) is arranged between the powerhouse (3) and the grouting corridor (1) to connect the powerhouse (3) and the dam grouting corridor (1); the connecting corridor (5) and the powerhouse (3) are connected via an electric safety door (11); the electric safety door (11) is arranged at one end of the connecting corridor (5) close to the powerhouse (3); A plurality of natural ventilation buried pipes (6) are distributed longitudinally along the dam grouting gallery (1), and each natural ventilation buried pipe (6) extends downward from the dam top to the grouting gallery (1); The buried pressurized air supply pipe (7) is connected to a pressurized air supply fan (8) at the ground level, and an electric air valve (13) linked to the fan is provided at the air outlet section of the pressurized air supply fan (8). The buried pressurized air supply pipe (7) and the fan (8) are both located in a smoke-proof fan room (4). The buried pressurized air supply pipe (7) extends downward from the smoke-proof fan room (4) close to the outer wall of the stairwell (2) to the grouting gallery (1). A plurality of branch pipes are arranged at intervals in the portion of the buried pressurized air supply pipe (7) close to the outer wall of the stairwell (2), the branch pipes pass through the wall of the stairwell and extend into the interior of the stairwell, and a second fire damper (10) is arranged at the end of each branch pipe; a first fire damper (9) is arranged at the end of the buried pressurized air supply pipe (7) extending into the grouting gallery (1); A sensor (14) is arranged in the grouting gallery (1); A dehumidifier (12) is placed in the grouting gallery (1); When the ventilation of the grouting gallery (1) and the ventilation of the workshop (3) are operated in combination, the normally open electric safety door (11) is opened, and when the humidity detected by the air humidity sensor (14) is higher than the set high value, the pressurized air supply fan (8) and its linked air valve (13) are turned off, and mechanical air supply through the dam grouting gallery (1) is stopped. Only natural air is supplied through the natural ventilation buried pipe (6) from the grouting gallery (1) to the dam top (B). Outdoor air enters the gallery through the natural ventilation buried pipe (6) and then enters the slightly negative pressure workshop (3); When the ventilation of the grouting gallery (1) and the ventilation of the workshop (3) are operated in combination, the normally open electric safety door (11) is opened, and when the humidity detected by the air humidity sensor (14) is lower than the set bottom value, the pressurized air supply fan (8) and its linked air valve (13) are turned on, and mechanical air is supplied to the dam grouting gallery (1) through the pressurized air supply buried pipe (7), and the outdoor air enters the gallery through the natural ventilation buried pipe (6) and the pressurized air supply buried pipe (7) at the same time, and then enters the slightly negative pressure workshop (3); When the grouting gallery ventilation and the workshop ventilation system operate independently and the normally open electric safety door (11) is closed, the pressurized air supply fan (8) and the linked air valve (13) are turned on to mechanically supply air to the dam grouting gallery (1) through the pressurized air supply buried pipe (7), and the natural ventilation buried pipe (6) serves as an exhaust channel or a balance channel of the grouting gallery (1) ventilation system.

2. The ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The connection point between the connecting corridor (5) and the grouting corridor (1) is located in the middle or upper part of the grouting corridor (1).

3. The ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The top end of the natural ventilation buried pipe (6) is bent.

4. The ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The bottom end of the natural ventilation buried pipe (6) is located in the upper part or the middle part of the grouting gallery (1).

5. The ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The first fire damper (9) is a normally open electric fire damper; the second fire damper (10) is a normally closed electric fire damper.

6. The ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The sensor (14) is arranged in the grouting gallery (1), near the connection between the grouting gallery (1) and the connecting gallery (5).

7. The ventilation and dehumidification method for the dam grouting gallery of the dam rear powerhouse engineering as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The sensor (14) is an air humidity sensor.

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