Chain link, chain system and method

Abstract

This invention describes a chain comprising a plurality of links pivotally connected to each other, such that the chain is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward. Each of the plurality of links, including a link body, includes: an inner side facing the bending direction of the chain; an outer side facing the opposite direction of the bending direction of the chain; a backward-bending portion; a post feature extending laterally across the link body; and a connecting feature configured to engage the post feature of a first other link of the pivotally connected plurality of links to create a directional pivotal attachment between the links without bending backward. A chain system and a method of moving a device using a chain or chain system are further disclosed.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of the earlier filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62 / 879,665, entitled “Link Chain, Chain System and Method,” filed July 29, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This technology relates generally to automated liquid chromatography systems. More specifically, this technology relates to a method for loading samples into a sample manager of a liquid chromatography system. Background Technology

[0004] Liquid chromatography (LC) systems typically use sample managers to acquire and inject samples into the system flow (i.e., the mobile phase) of the chromatographic system. Sample managers are usually configured as stackable or rack-mountable system modules that can be arranged vertically with other LC system modules. In a typical sample manager, the user loads a sample vial holder (e.g., 96 vials in a grid configuration) with the capacity to hold multiple sample vials. Loading is accomplished by opening the inlet door at the front of the sample manager and manually placing the sample vial holder into the compartment in the sample tray. When the chromatographic separation of all samples is complete, the user opens the inlet door and removes the sample vial holder from the sample tray.

[0005] Recently, robotic systems have been used to perform sample loading and unloading functions to increase the usability of LC systems by reducing user intervention. For example, a robot can open the entrance door to the sample manager, remove a sample vial holder from the sample tray, return the vial holder to a sample storage unit (e.g., a sample organizer) or other location, retrieve another sample vial holder from the sample storage unit, load the retrieved vial holder into the sample manager, and close the door on the sample manager. Due to the complexity and time required for the robot to open and close the door, along with the intermediate robotic tasks, the door may remain open throughout the loading and unloading process. The time the door is open can be substantial, such as tens of seconds or more, causing significant changes in the internal temperature of the sample manager due to exposure to the surrounding environment. It may be necessary to wait a predetermined time for the internal temperature to return to an acceptable level or to monitor the internal temperature to ensure it has returned to an acceptable level. The resulting time delay can limit the throughput of the LC system.

[0006] Chains that structurally exclude backward bending have been created for various applications and perform a variety of functions. For example, backward-bending chains are now commonly used as cable supports that provide cavities to house cables attached to moving components of a system. These wire-bearing "drag chains" are designed not to withstand pushing and pulling forces, i.e., forces acting on the chain parallel to its length. Furthermore, backward-bending chains are often incorporated into complex link designs with multiple separable features (i.e., links, pins, etc.) that need to be assembled to form the chain. Additionally, the structure of known cable-bearing chains is typically significantly limited in terms of the structurally permissible rotation between two links. Moreover, typical unidirectional bending chain systems do not utilize the chain for the precise movement of laboratory test samples, such as liquid chromatography samples and sample holding trays. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In one exemplary embodiment, the chain includes a plurality of links pivotally connected to each other, such that the chain is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward. Each of the plurality of links includes a link body having an inner side facing the bending direction of the chain; an outer side facing the opposite direction of the bending direction of the chain; a backward-bending prevention portion adjacent to the outer side of the link body, the backward-bending prevention portion including a first surface and a second surface, the first surface being configured to prevent backward bending when engaging with the second surface of a first other link of the pivotally connected plurality of links, and the second surface being configured to prevent backward bending when engaging with the first surface of a second body of the pivotally connected plurality of links; a post feature extending laterally across the link body, the post feature including a portion exposed from the inner side of the chain; and a connecting feature configured to engage with the post feature of the first other link of the pivotally connected plurality of links to create a directional pivot attachment between the links without bending backward.

[0008] Alternatively, the anti-reverse bending portion includes a first flange having the first surface and a second flange having the second surface, and a web located between the first flange and the second flange.

[0009] Alternatively, the web extends from the first flange and the second flange toward the inner side, and wherein the column feature is connected to the web at the inner side.

[0010] Alternatively or concurrently, the column feature includes a first column portion extending from the web in a first direction, and wherein the column feature includes a second column portion extending from the web in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0011] Alternatively, the column feature is integrally connected to the web.

[0012] Alternatively, the post feature is a pin, and the web includes an opening that allows the post feature to be inserted through the opening.

[0013] Alternatively, the connecting feature includes a first U-shaped body defining a first channel and a second U-shaped body having a second channel, wherein the column feature of the first other link of the plurality of pivotally connected links can be received in the first channel and the second channel.

[0014] Alternatively, the web of the first other link of the plurality of pivotally connected links is configured to extend between the first U-shaped body and the second U-shaped body.

[0015] Alternatively, each of the multiple links may be made entirely of a single monolithic sheet of plastic material.

[0016] Alternatively, each of the plurality of links is configured to bend 90 degrees relative to its adjacent link.

[0017] In another exemplary embodiment, the chain system includes a chain comprising: a plurality of links pivotally connected to each other such that the chain is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward, each of the plurality of links including a link body having: a backward-bending prevention portion adjacent to the outer side of the link body; a post feature extending laterally across the link body; and a connecting feature configured to engage with the post feature of a first other link of the pivotally connected plurality of links to create a directional pivot attachment without bending backward between the links. The chain system further includes a magnet attached to a front link of the plurality of links of the chain, the front link being configured to removably connect the chain to a magnetic feature of a device, thereby configuring the chain to push and pull the device along an axis when driven by a drive system.

[0018] Alternatively, the chain system may further include a drive system comprising a rotary gear drive operably in communication with a motor, the rotary gear drive being integral with the column feature of each of the plurality of chain links.

[0019] Alternatively, the motor is a stepper motor configured to move a belt to generate rotation of the rotary gear drive.

[0020] Alternatively, the drive system may further include a drive system body defining an inner track configured to guide the chain during movement of the chain from a retracted position to an extended position via the drive system, wherein the rotary gear drive includes teeth extending into the inner track.

[0021] Alternatively, the chain system may further include a device track configured to receive the device and guide the device as the chain moves the device along an axis driven by the drive system.

[0022] Alternatively, the chain system further includes a liquid chromatography system attached to the device track, wherein the device is a transfer tray configured to hold a sample vial holder, and wherein the chain is configured to push the transfer tray along the device track into and pull out of the liquid chromatography system when driven by the drive system.

[0023] Alternatively, the chain system may further include an inlet gate located between the device track and the liquid chromatography system, wherein the inlet gate is operatively in communication with the drive system.

[0024] Alternatively, the inlet gate is configured to open when the chain is extended by the drive system, such that extending the chain from a retracted state is configured to push a transfer tray into the liquid chromatography system through the opening of the inlet gate, and retracting the chain from an extended state is configured to pull the transfer tray out of the liquid chromatography system through the opening of the inlet gate.

[0025] Alternatively, the device track includes a guide that is keyed to the size of the transfer tray.

[0026] In another exemplary embodiment, a method includes providing a chain comprising a plurality of links pivotally connected to each other, such that the chain is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward, wherein the chain includes a magnet attached to a front link of the plurality of links; connecting the magnet to a magnetic feature of a device; driving the chain in a first direction to propel the device in a first direction by driving the chain in a first direction using a drive mechanism including a rotary gear operatively communicating with a motor; and disconnecting the magnet from the magnetic feature of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above and other advantages of the invention can be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals refer to the same elements and features in the various drawings. Letters may be attached to the reference numerals to distinguish them from reference numerals of similar features and to indicate their correspondence with other features in the drawings. For clarity, not every element is labeled in every drawing. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an example liquid chromatography system, showing an interface module and solvent delivery system that are in fluid communication with a conventional sample manager.

[0029] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of a liquid chromatography system.

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 and Figure 2 A top view of an implementation of a sample tray in a sample manager.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a top view of an example of a transfer drawer.

[0032] Figure 5A This is a perspective view of the sample trays and transfer drawers that are disconnected from each other.

[0033] Figure 5B This is a perspective view of a sample tray occupied by two transfer drawers in their fully inserted positions.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a top-down view of an alternative example of a sample tray.

[0035] Figure 7A This is a perspective view of the sample manager and interface module.

[0036] Figure 7B yes Figure 6 The view of the sample manager and interface module, in which part of the shell of the interface module has been removed.

[0037] Figure 8A This is a perspective view of a window mechanism, with the window in a closed state.

[0038] Figure 8B yes Figure 7A A window mechanism in which the window is in the open state.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the drawer receiving device.

[0040] Figure 10AThis is a perspective view of the chain system and device tracks of the transfer drawer shown in Figure 8, with a portion of the drive system body removed.

[0041] Figure 10B This is a perspective view of the chain system and device track in Figure 8, with the chain in an extended position.

[0042] Figure 11 Depicting Figures 8A to 9 The diagram shows a perspective view of the links of a chain in a chain system.

[0043] Figure 12 A perspective view of the first link of a chain is depicted, which is connected to a second link of the chain in an extended, straight, and / or non-bent position.

[0044] Figure 13 A perspective view depicting a chain in a bent position.

[0045] Figure 14 This is a flowchart representation of an example method for loading one or more samples into a sample manager of a liquid chromatography system. Detailed Implementation

[0046] In this specification, the reference to "an example" or "example" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example is included in at least one example of this teaching. References to specific examples within this specification do not necessarily refer to the same example.

[0047] This teaching will now be described in more detail with reference to examples as shown in the accompanying drawings. While this teaching has been described in conjunction with various examples, it is not intended to limit this teaching to such examples. In contrast, this teaching encompasses various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. Those of ordinary skill who can use the teachings herein will recognize additional implementations, modifications, and examples, as well as other areas of use, within the scope of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 1An embodiment of a liquid chromatography system 10 for separating a mixture into its components is shown. The liquid chromatography system 10 includes a solvent delivery system 12 in fluid communication with a sample manager 14 (also referred to as a syringe or autosampler) via tubing 24. The sample manager 14 is in fluid communication with a chromatographic column 18 and is mechanically and electrically connected to an interface module 19. A detector 21, such as a mass spectrometer, is in fluid communication with the column 18 to receive elution. The interface module 19 can be configured to receive a sample vial holder from a robotic system 23, load it into the sample manager 14, and retrieve the sample vial holder from the sample manager 14 and provide it to the robotic system 23. The sample vial holder may include multiple sample vials, each containing a sample to be separated by the liquid chromatography system. As used herein, “sample vial holder” refers to any device configured to carry one or more samples, such as a device for holding vials containing samples or a plate with a single well each configured to hold a sample. The robot system 23 can be configured to obtain a sample vial holder from a remote storage unit and return the sample vial holder to the remote storage unit or a different remote storage unit or location.

[0049] The solvent delivery system 12 includes a pumping system 20 in fluid communication with a solvent reservoir 22, which draws solvent (liquid) from the reservoir via tubing 24. In one embodiment, the pumping system 20 includes a low-pressure mixing gradient pumping system having two pumps fluidly connected in series. In the low-pressure gradient pumping system, solvent mixing occurs upstream of the pumps, and the solvent delivery system 12 has a mixer 26 in fluid communication with the solvent reservoir 22 to receive various solvents in metered proportions. The solvent mixture (i.e., the mobile phase) can be based on variations in the contribution rate of each solvent to the mixture. Therefore, the mobile phase composition can vary over time according to a predetermined composition gradient.

[0050] Pumping system 20 is in fluid communication with mixer 26 to draw a continuous moving phase flow from it for delivery to sample manager 14. Examples of solvent delivery systems that can be used to implement solvent delivery system 12 include, but are not limited to, those manufactured by Waters Corp. of Milford, Massachusetts. Binary solvent manager and Quaternary solvent manager.

[0051] The sample manager 14 may include a syringe valve 28 having a sample loop 30. The sample manager 14 operates in one of two states: a loading state and an injection state. In the loading state, the syringe valve 28 is configured such that the sample manager 14 loads sample 32 into the sample loop 30. Sample 32 is aspirated from a vial contained in the sample vial holder 100. In the injection state, the syringe valve 28 is configured such that the sample manager 14 introduces the sample in the sample loop 30 from the solvent delivery system 12 into a continuously flowing mobile phase. The mobile phase then carries the injected sample into the column 18. In other embodiments, a flow-through needle (FTN) may be used instead of a fixed-loop sample manager. Using the FTN method, the sample can be drawn into the needle, and the needle can then be moved into a seal. A valve can then be switched to configure the needle in line with the solvent delivery system 12.

[0052] The liquid chromatography system 10 further includes a data system 34 that communicates with the solvent delivery system 12 and the sample manager 14. The data system 34 has a processor 36 and a switch 38 (e.g., an Ethernet switch) for handling signal communication between the solvent delivery system 12, the sample manager 14, the interface module 19, and (optionally) the robotic system 23, as described herein. Signal communication between the various modules and systems can be, for example, electrical or optical, and can be based on wireless or wired transmission. A host computing system 40 communicates with the data system 34 and includes a user interface through which a user can download various parameters and configuration files (e.g., mobile phase composition gradients) to the data system 34.

[0053] Figure 2 A perspective view of a liquid chromatography system 10 is shown, which includes a solvent delivery system 12, a sample manager 14, a column manager 17 including a column 18, a solvent 22, an interface module 19, and a detector module 27 including a detector 21. Each of the solvent delivery system 12, sample manager 14, column 18, detector 21, and interface module 19 may include a housing or body within which various features such as a data system 34, a sample loop 30 and syringe valve 28, a pumping system 20, a mixer 26, and tubing 24 may be enclosed. The various components may interconnect with fluid tubing and communicate signals with a processor 36 and / or other elements of the data system 34. The liquid chromatography system 10 is shown as having a solvent delivery system 12, a sample manager 14, a column manager, a detector module, and a tray for holding the solvent 22 in a vertical stack. The interface module 19 and the sample manager 14 may be coupled to each other through openings (i.e., orifices) in their respective housings, as described below.

[0054] Interface module 19 includes a transfer drawer receiving device and a window device. The transfer drawer receiving device includes a device rail and a drawer drive system. The device rail receives a sample vial holder on the transfer drawer. The drawer drive system transports the transfer drawer, on which the sample vial holder is mounted, to and from the sample tray of the sample manager. As used herein, the sample tray is an internal component of the sample manager. The sample tray can accept and hold one or more sample vial holders or sample well plates. For example, the sample tray can be a rotating tray with one or more compartments for receiving sample vial holders or sample well plates. The window device includes a window that can be controlled to be in an open and closed state. When in the open state, the window enables the transfer drawer to be transported into the sample manager to load the sample vial holder into the sample tray, and enables the transfer drawer to be transported out of the sample manager to unload the sample vial holder from the sample tray. When in the closed state, the window substantially seals off the internal environment of the sample manager from the surrounding environment.

[0055] Figure 3 A top view of an embodiment of the sample tray 101 of the sample manager 14 is shown. The sample tray 101 includes two tray positions: a first position 102 and a second position 104. These two tray positions 102, 104 can be inserted symmetrically, such as two halves of a playing card. Each compartment can hold a transfer drawer 150 (see...). Figure 4 In one example, the first position 102 and the second position 104 are each approximately 3.5" wide by 5" deep to accommodate the transfer drawer 150. Positions 102, 104 and the transfer drawer 150 can be designed to support sample vial holders or sample vial plates of different sizes. Positions 102, 104 can be compartments, slots, brackets, chambers, units, etc.

[0056] The sample tray 101 includes a base 112. The base 112 includes a first sidewall 114, a second sidewall 116 opposite to the first sidewall 114, and a transverse wall 118 that divides each of the opposite sidewalls 114, 116. The sidewalls 114, 116 and the transverse wall 118 may have a uniform height and together form a capital letter H when viewed from above, wherein the transverse wall 118 divides the sample tray 101 into two tray positions 102, 104.

[0057] A circular opening 110 is provided in the middle of the transverse wall 118 for receiving a bolt or post to secure the sample tray 101 to a rotary drive mechanism located below the sample chamber. Semicircular platforms 120a and 120b are provided on each of the opposite sides of the transverse wall 108. The semicircular platforms 120a and 120b rise above the recessed surfaces 122a and 122b of the base 112. The two semicircular platforms 120a and 120b are opposite halves of a circular platform divided by the transverse wall. The circular platform and the circular opening 110 in the transverse wall 118 are concentric.

[0058] Side platforms 124 are provided on both sides of the transverse wall 118 along each sidewall 114, 116, which rise above the plane of the recessed or concave surfaces 122a, 122b. Each sidewall 114, 116 has a groove 126. Each sidewall 114, 116 further includes leaf spring assemblies 128a, 128b, which are diagonally opposite each other across the sample tray 101. Each leaf spring assembly 128 is used to abut against the opposing sidewall 116, 114 to bias the transfer drawer 150.

[0059] Sample tray 101 includes a calibration hole 130 located in one of the side platforms 124. Calibration hole 130 is an exception to the anti-symmetric arrangement between tray positions 102 and 104; only one such hole exists on sample tray 101. In this example, calibration hole 130 is located in the first position 102 of sample tray 101 and fully penetrates side platform 124 through a hole in the reference plate. A metal or plastic pin can be inserted through the calibration hole and the reference plate hole. During calibration, the encoder detects this pin and uses it to establish a primitive (i.e., reference) position from which all other tray positions can be determined. The pin can be removed after calibration.

[0060] First tray magnet 132a and second tray magnet 132b may be attached within the transverse wall 118 of sample tray 101. More than two magnets are envisioned, as shown. In other examples, a single magnet having an opening aligned with a circular opening 110 may extend across the entire transverse wall 118. While magnets 132a and 132b are shown located on the top or upper surface of sample tray 101, in other examples, magnets 132a and 132b may be positioned on the lower or bottom surface of sample tray 101 such that the magnetic field of magnets 132a and 132b may extend through the body of sample tray 101, as described in U.S. Patent No. 9,194,847, which is incorporated herein by reference. Regardless of the implementation method, the magnets 132a and 132b positioned on the sample tray 101 can be configured to magnetically attract corresponding magnets on the transfer drawer 150, and to hold the transfer drawer 150 relative to the transfer tray 101 in a removable coupling position, as described below.

[0061] Figure 4 A top view of a transfer drawer 150 according to an example is depicted. The transfer drawer 150 may be a rectangular sample vial holder 3.5" wide by 5" deep. The transfer drawer 150 has: a flat surface 152 having opposing side edges 154a, 154b; a handle 156 at a front edge 158; and a curved rear edge 160 forming prongs 162a, 162b. Posts 164a, 164b extend from each of the prongs 162a, 162b. Posts 164a, 164b may serve as position guides or locators for guiding the sample vial holder onto the flat surface 152 of the transfer drawer 150. Each side edge 154a, 154b may further include a side tongue 166a, 166b extending along the length of the edge. The side tongues 166a, 166b enter a groove 126 of a sample tray 101. As the transfer drawer 150 slides into either the first position 102 or the second position 104, the side tongue 142 slides through the groove 126 in the side platform 124.

[0062] The transfer drawer 150 includes a first plurality of drawer magnet holders 168a, which are positioned in a first pin 162a to hold a first drawer magnet 169a. The transfer drawer 150 also includes a second plurality of drawer magnet holders 168b, which are positioned in a second pin 162b to hold a second drawer magnet 169b. The drawer magnet holders 168a and 168b may be configured to hold, retain, or secure the first drawer magnet 169a and the second drawer magnet 169b to the transfer drawer 150. In other examples, the first rear magnet 169a and the second rear magnet 169b may be attached or otherwise attached, shaped, bonded, or glued to the pins 162a and 162b. When the transfer drawer 150 is inserted into one of positions 102, 104 of the sample tray 101, the first drawer magnet 169a and the second drawer magnet 169b can be aligned with and magnetically attracted to the first tray magnet 132a and the second tray magnet 132b, respectively, as detailed below. In other examples, the first drawer magnet 169a and the second drawer magnet 169b can each be a single magnet, or each can include multiple magnets. The first drawer magnet 169a and the second drawer magnet 169b can be any number of magnets configured to provide a desired level of magnetic attraction to the first tray magnet 132a and the second tray magnet 132b. Although the first drawer magnet 169a and the second drawer magnet 169b are shown positioned on the upper surface or top of the transfer drawer 150, in other examples, the first drawer magnet 169a and the second drawer magnet 169b can be attached to the lower side surface or bottom surface of the transfer drawer 150.

[0063] The transfer drawer 150 further includes a transfer magnet 170 disposed on a handle 156. The transfer magnet 170 is used to engage a drive magnet of a drawer drive system for pushing the transfer drawer 150 into or pulling out the sample tray 101 of the sample manager 14.

[0064] Figure 5A This is a perspective view of the sample tray 101 and transfer drawer 150, which are separated from each other. Figure 5B This is a perspective view of the sample tray 101 occupied by two transfer drawers 150 in their fully inserted positions. Although in Figure 5B There is no better display area for column 164 relative to the open area in transverse wall 118, but drawer magnet 169 on transfer drawer 150 is engaged with tray magnet 132. Therefore, magnets 132, 169 ensure accurate positioning of each transfer drawer 150 along the drawer travel direction, and leaf spring assembly 128 ensures accurate positioning of each transfer drawer 150 in a direction perpendicular to the drawer travel direction. Sample tray 101 can rotate about vertical axis 140 to accommodate manual or robotic loading. For example, sample tray 101 can be oriented in a first position such that one transfer drawer of transfer drawer 150 can be accessed from the front of sample manager 14 through entrance door 16 (…). Figure 2 The sample tray 101 can be rotated 180° to allow access to other transfer drawers 150 via the entry door 16. Alternatively, the sample tray 101 can be oriented at a second position 90 degrees from the first position, allowing access to one of the transfer drawers 150 via a side entry in the sample manager, as described below, for robotic loading and unloading. Rotating 180° from the second position allows other transfer drawers 150 to be loaded or unloaded by the robotic system 23.

[0065] Figure 6 This is a top-down view of an alternative example of a sample tray 172, which includes four compartments 178, each for holding a transfer drawer 150. The compartments 178 are arranged at a 90° angle to each adjacent compartment. Two compartments 178 are occupied by sample vial holders 174 in their corresponding transfer drawers 150, a third compartment 178 at the top of the figure has a partially retracted transfer drawer 150, and a fourth compartment 178 is shown with its transfer drawer 150 completely removed. When all four transfer drawers 150 are fully inserted into their compartments 178, the base 112 is sized to surround the remainder of the sample tray 172. The sample tray 172 can be substantially larger than... Figure 3The sample tray 101 shown is designed to accommodate additional compartments 178 and sample vial holders 174. In this configuration, the sample tray 172 can move in 90° increments to allow access to any of the compartments 178. In other alternative examples, the sample tray may include three compartments and transfer drawers, or five or more compartments and transfer drawers. The dimensions of the compartments and transfer drawers may vary depending on the number of compartments and drawers, and also depending on the size of the sample vial holders.

[0066] Figure 7A This is a perspective view of the sample manager 14 and the interface module 19. A portion of the housing surrounding the internal components of the sample manager 14 has been removed to allow observation of the internal environment defined by the housing. Figure 7B It is similar to Figure 7A The view shown; however, a portion of the housing 301 of the components of the enclosed interface module 19 is removed to allow observation of the internal components. The transfer drawer 150 is shown in a position awaiting transfer of the sample vial holder 310 to the sample manager 14 or awaiting removal of the sample vial holder 310 from the transfer drawer 150, such as as part of an unloading process.

[0067] The sample manager 14 includes a front entrance door 16, which can be manually opened by gripping the handle 304 and pulling it to allow a user to access internal components such as the sample tray 101. This access device can be used for manually loading and unloading the sample vial holder 310. The sample manager 14 further includes a side housing panel 306 having openings that provide a second means of access to its internal environment, for example, to provide means for loading and unloading by the robotic system 23.

[0068] Interface module 19 includes a transfer drawer receiving device 400 (see FIG. 8) for loading sample vial holders 310 into and unloading sample vial holders 310 from sample manager 14. The loading and unloading process can be performed using robotic system 23, such as a system with a robotic arm, to provide sample vial holders 310 to and remove them from transfer drawer 150. Alternatively, a user can manually load and unload sample vial holders 310 using interface module 19, or directly access sample tray 101 using entrance door 16 at the front of sample manager 14.

[0069] Interface module 19 includes a plate 312, which can be secured, screwed, or otherwise mounted to the side housing panel 306 of sample manager 14 using bolts, screws, etc. Plate 312 may have an insulating material, such as conformable foam attached to the side of plate 312 closest to the side housing panel 306. Plate 312 includes plate openings 314 nominally aligned with (not visible) openings in the side housing panel 306 of sample manager 14. Additionally, transfer drawer receiving device 400 includes a device rail 410 along which transfer drawer 150 moves into and out of sample manager 14. Device rail 410 may be attached near or at one end of one or more internal structures inside sample manager 14.

[0070] Interface module 19 further includes a window mechanism having a window that can be controlled to be in an open and closed state. As used herein, "window" refers to a blockable orifice or blockable opening in a structure (e.g., plate 312). When the window is in the open state, the sample vial holder 310 can pass through the window. The window prevents the sample vial holder 310 from passing through and provides an environmental seal to the sample manager 14 when the window is in the closed state.

[0071] Re-reference Figure 5B The sample tray 101 may include a built-in leak management system that can be configured to account for spills and waste management of samples or fluids within the sample manager 14. Therefore, the sample tray 101 can be designed such that any fluid leak will travel along the bottom of the tray to one or more waste ports. The leak path can be solvent-resistant to prevent damage within the sample manager 14. Additionally, spills may occur outside the sample manager 14 at the interface module 19. The interface module 19 may include a leak management system that utilizes the leak management waste ports within the sample manager 14 in the sample tray 101. Specifically, the interface module 19 includes channels, cracks, notches, or fluid paths along a solvent-resistant surface that transfer leaks or spills from the interface module 19 to the sample tray 101 within the sample manager 14. The leaks or spills can then be transferred from the interface module 19 to one or more waste ports of the sample tray 101. This eliminates the need for the interface module 19 to have its own leak management ports (and associated tubing). However, it is also envisioned that the interface module 19 may be configured with its own secondary leakage management port, which is attached to one or more waste ports within the sample tray 101 and / or sample manager 14. Furthermore, such a leakage management system within the interface module 19 can protect any electronics within the interface module 19.

[0072] Figure 8A A perspective view of window device 300 is shown, wherein the window is closed, and Figure 8B A view of the window mechanism is shown, with the window in the open position. Figure 8B Not shown in Figure 8A The bracket 302 and window panel 318 allow observation of components that would otherwise be obscured. The orifice 314 in panel 312 aligns with the orifice in the side housing panel 306 of the sample manager 14's housing. When the window is closed, foam or another conformal sealing material at least surrounds the side housing panel 306 and the orifice in the device track 410, engaging the outer surface of the side housing panel 306 (described below) to seal the sample manager 14 and facilitate thermal control of the sample manager 14's internal environment. Figure 8A Although the bottom portion of the opening 314 in plate 312 is shown unobstructed in the closed state, other components of interface module 19 (such as the device track 410 in the transfer drawer receiving device), not shown in the figure, occupy the lower portion of opening 314, thus completely blocking it. The window is opened during loading and unloading of sample vial holder 310 into sample tray 101, allowing transfer drawer 150 to be conveyed into and out of sample manager 14 through the opening in side housing panel 306. The window is preferably kept closed at other times to reduce or minimize the exposure of the internal environment of sample manager 14 to the surrounding environment.

[0073] In the illustrated embodiment, the bracket 302 is movable upwards to open the window and downwards to close the window. The window panel 318 (e.g., a thin sheet of metal) is attached to the bracket 302 and serves to block and seal the opening in the sample manager-side housing panel 306. Reference Figure 8B The window panel 318 is not shown; however, the attachment points 320 (e.g., bolt holes) where the window panel 318 is attached to the bracket 302 are visible. The side of the window panel 318 facing the sample manager 14 is preferably covered with foam or other insulating material. Additionally, the periphery of the window panel 318 in contact with the side housing panel 306 preferably comprises an insulating conformable material to seal around the periphery of openings in the side housing panel 306. In some embodiments, the insulating material is the same material.

[0074] The bracket 302 is attached to a first vertical post 324 on one side via a bushing 322. On the other side of the bracket 302, a pair of guides 326 engage a second vertical guide post 328 to maintain the bracket 302 parallel to the back panel 312. The bracket 302 is driven vertically upward or downward by the rotation of a lead screw 330 driven by a rotary motor (e.g., a stepper motor) 332 and a belt 336. Two optical sensors 334a and 334b ​​are attached to the plate 312. When the bracket 302 moves upward to a position where the window is unobstructed (i.e., in the open state to allow loading and unloading operations), the first optical sensor 334a is blocked by an "optical marker" 338. When the bracket 302 moves downward to a position where the window is closed, the second optical sensor 334b ​​is blocked by the optical marker 338. In an alternative example, the optical sensor 334 is omitted and an indexer tracks the rotation of the stepper motor to determine when the window is open or closed.

[0075] Now for reference Figure 9 The diagram shows a perspective view of a transfer drawer receiving device 400, which includes a chain system 402 with a chain 404, a drive magnet 406, and a chain drive system 408 configured to move the chain 404 in a direction parallel to the device track 410. The chain system 402 is housed within a sample vial holder 310 of the interface module 19, which has already... Figure 9 The drawer 150 is removed from the view shown. The chain system 402 is configured to push and / or pull the transfer drawer 150 along the device track 410.

[0076] While the following description of chain system 402 will focus on a particular embodiment of the chain and the accompanying drive and attachment system or mechanism, some or all of the various features of chain system 402, chain 404, drive magnet 406 and / or chain drive system 408 may be incorporated into various embodiments and implementations. For example, chain 404, with or without drive magnet 406 and / or drive system 408, can be used in a variety of other laboratory systems, testing systems, assembly systems, pick and place systems, dispensing systems, or various other automated, robotic or manual machines, apparatuses or systems, rather than liquid chromatography systems.

[0077] Therefore, in conjunction with the link structure described herein, embodiments of the invention include a unidirectional bending chain that excludes backward bending. Other embodiments of the invention include a magnet attached to a push-pull drive chain in conjunction with the described link and chain structure. Further embodiments include a chain with links having posts exposed from the inside of the chain configured to receive teeth of a drive gear. Additionally, in conjunction with links having an integral plastic body structure, embodiments of the invention can include a unidirectional bending chain that excludes backward bending without requiring separable pins and link bodies. Embodiments of the invention can include a unidirectional bending chain that excludes backward bending but allows for 90-degree bending between two adjacent links, for example, by utilizing the link structure described herein.

[0078] Other embodiments of the invention include the use of a chain system, including some or all of the structures described herein, for an interface module, such as interface module 19, configured to load and unload sample trays or samples for a sample management system of chromatography, liquid chromatography, or any other sample analysis system. For example, embodiments of the invention may include combining a unidirectional bending chain that excludes backward bending with a chain drive system to push a transfer drawer containing a sample into or out of an analysis chamber, such as a liquid chromatography sample manager 14.

[0079] Still referencing Figure 9 Chain 404 includes a plurality of links 450, which are attached, joined, or otherwise connected such that chain 404 is configured to bend in a first direction and not backward in a direction opposite to the first direction. Each link 450 of chain 404 may include the same structure, such as Figure 11 As shown and described below.

[0080] Chain 404 is shown to be driven by chain drive system 408, which includes a stepper motor 412 that rotates drive belt 414 to rotate drive gear 416. Drive gear 416 is shown to have a larger radius than stepper motor 412, which may require increasing the accuracy of the motion transferred from stepper motor 412 to chain 404 via drive gear 416. However, other embodiments are envisioned in which the radius of drive belt 414 at stepper motor 412 is the same as or larger than the radius of drive belt 414 at drive gear 416.

[0081] In other embodiments (not shown), chain 404 may be driven by a direct drive system instead of the one shown, which requires a drive belt 414 to rotate drive gear 416. In such a direct drive system, drive belt 414 and drive gear 416 may not be necessary. Instead, a motor can rotate an output shaft directly interfaced with chain 404 for its movement. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific drive mechanism shown, and other mechanisms for moving chain 404 are contemplated.

[0082] Stepper motor 412 can provide precise movement of chain 404. Stepper motor 412 can be one of various types of stepper motors, such as a unipolar motor, bipolar motor, etc. Stepper motor 412 can be configured to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise to generate rotation on drive gear assembly 416 and extend or retract chain 404. Stepper motor 412 may include an indexer or other microprocessor for controlling the movement, along with a driver for converting the indexer signal into electrical power. While stepper motor 412 can provide movement of chain 404 without additional position sensors or feedback to verify the accuracy or position of chain 404 and / or drive magnet 406 attached to the chain, position or motion sensors can be provided to monitor chain drive system 408. While stepper motor 412 may be one embodiment contemplated for driving chain 404, other types of motors, systems, etc., such as servo motors, brushless DC motors, etc., are contemplated.

[0083] The chain system 402 is further shown as having a drive system body 420, which includes a first plate 422 and a second plate 424. A plurality of male-female spacers 426 are shown connecting and spaced apart from the first plate 422 and the second plate 424. The male-female spacers 426 are shown as having externally threaded male heads that are threadedly connected to internally threaded female hexagonal spacer posts. The drive system body 420 can be configured to house and protect the chain 404 and guide the movement of the chain 404 generated by the stepper motor 412. It should be understood that the drive system body 420 is one example of a housing for achieving this function, and other housings are contemplated. For example, the chain 404 could be completely enclosed by the drive system body 420 instead of being spaced apart by the plurality of male-female spacers 426.

[0084] Figure 10A Depicting according to an implementation scheme Figure 9 A perspective view of the chain system 400 and the device track 410, wherein a portion of the drive system body 420 is removed. Figure 10A The second plate 424 of the drive system body 420 is removed to reveal the stepper motor 412, drive belt 414, and drive gear 416 of the chain drive system 408, along with the male-female spacer 426. Figure 10A As shown, the first plate 422 of the drive system body 420 includes an inner rail 430 configured to guide the chain 404 to an extended position (not shown) during movement of the chain drive system 408 from the shown retracted position, where the chain 404 extends along the device track 410. The inner rail 430 accommodates the entire length of the chain 404 in its retracted position, as shown. The left and right sides of the chain 404, as well as the posts extending therefrom, can be accommodated within the inner rail 430. Although the inner rail 430 of the first plate 422 is shown, it should be understood that the second plate 424 includes a corresponding inner rail for receiving the sides (and posts) of the chain 404 exposed in FIG. 10.

[0085] As shown, the inner track 430 can be bent in one direction to accommodate the chain 404, which is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward. The inner track 430 is shown bent around the drive gear 416. The dimensions of the inner track 430 can be set slightly larger than the chain 404 itself, such that the chain 404 can slide easily within the inner track 430, where sliding friction exists only between the materials of each. The inner track 430 and / or the chain 404 may include lubrication or other friction-reducing mechanisms to provide easy extension and retraction of the chain 404 therein.

[0086] The drive gear assembly 416 can be configured to rotate when the belt 414 moves by rotating the stepper motor 412. The drive gear assembly 416 can be configured to be integral with the post feature of each link 450 of the chain 404 (described in more detail below) Figure 11 (As shown in the diagram). The drive gear assembly 416 may include a gear having teeth extending into the inner track 430 of the drive system body 420 to provide engagement or otherwise coupling between the drive gear assembly 416 and the chain 404. The teeth of the drive gear assembly 416 may extend into a curved portion of the inner track 430, the curved portion being curved around the circular profile of the drive gear assembly 416 to allow the length of the chain 404 to engage with the drive gear assembly 416 relative to another embodiment of a gear drive having a straight portion extending into the track.

[0087] The device track 410 includes a track base 440 with a base channel 441, a left wall 442 with a left channel 443, and a right wall 444 with a right channel 445. The left wall 442 and right wall 444 each include a segment 446 configured to receive a spacer, opening, or removable portion of the entrance door 16 described above. The dimensions of channels 441, 443, 445, and the device track 410 can be keyed to the specific dimensions and corresponding protrusions of the transfer drawer 150 described above. However, in other embodiments, the device track 410 may include any size and / or channel or extended protrusion suitable for moving any device requiring push and pull movement of the chain system 402.

[0088] Figure 10B A chain 404 in an extended position is depicted according to one embodiment. Figure 9 A perspective view of the chain system 402 and the device track 410. When in... Figure 10A In the retracted position shown, the stepper motor 412 can rotate, causing the belt 414 to rotate precisely on the drive gear mechanism 416, which engages with one or more exposed post features of the chain links to drive the chain forward along the inner track 430 and out of the drive system body 420. When the transfer drawer 150 is magnetically attached to the drive magnet 406, the chain 404 is configured by this extraction or extension of the chain drive system 408 to move the transfer drawer 150 along the device track 410. Therefore, the chain drive system 408 can be configured to apply sufficient force on the chain 404 to overcome static and / or sliding friction between the transfer drawer 150 and the device track 410. As shown, the chain 404 can be long enough that when the chain 404 is in the extended state, at least a portion of the rear end of the chain 404 can be retained in the inner track 430 of the drive system body 420. This facilitates the retraction of the chain 404 back into the drive system body 420.

[0089] In one implementation, chain 404 can remain in a retracted state by default (in... Figure 10A (As shown in the diagram). This allows the transfer drawer 150 to be placed onto the device track 410 manually or by a robot or automated system. Once the transfer drawer 150 is in place on the device track 410, the extension of the chain 404 can be initiated by the chain drive system 408. This movement causes the drive magnet 406 to magnetically attach to the magnet of the transfer drawer 150 for subsequent movement of the transfer drawer 150 through the entrance door 16.

[0090] Figure 11 Depicting according to an implementation scheme Figure 9The image shows a perspective view of a link 450 of chain 404 in chain system 402 of Figure 10. Link 450 represents one of the links of chain 404. However, chain 404 may include as many links 450 as possible to provide sufficient length for a given application. Each link of chain 404 may have the same structure, shown as link 450a in Figure 10.

[0091] As shown in the figure, link 450 includes link body 452 having an inner side 454 facing the bending direction B of chain 404. Link body 452 further includes an outer side 456 facing the opposite bending direction B of chain 404. Link body 452 also further includes a backward bending prevention portion 458 adjacent to the outer side 456 of link body 452. Backward bending prevention portion 458 includes a first surface 460 and a second surface 462. The first surface 460 is configured to prevent backward bending (e.g., when engaging with a second surface of a first other link in the pivotally connected link 450) Figure 12 (As shown in the diagram and described in more detail below). The second surface 462 is configured to prevent backward bending when engaging with the first surface 460 of a second other link in a pivotally connected link. The link body 452 further includes a post feature 464 extending laterally across the link body 452. When the links 450 are joined or otherwise coupled to adjacent links to form a chain 404, the post feature 464 includes a portion 466 exposed from the inside 454 of the chain 404. The link body 452 further includes a connecting feature 468 configured to engage with the post feature 464 of a first other link in a pivotally connected link 450b to create a directional pivot attachment between the links 450 without backward bending.

[0092] More specifically, referring to the anti-reverse bending portion 458, this portion includes a first flange 470 having a first surface 460 and a second flange 472 having a second surface 462, and a web 474 extending between the first flange 470 and the second flange 472. When viewed from above at the outer side 456, the first flange 470, the second flange 472, and the web 474 can form an I-shaped cross-section. The first surface 460 extends in a plane parallel to the axis of the column feature 464 and also parallel to a vertically extending axis defined by the bending direction B. The web 474 forms an I-shaped intermediate and extends between the first flange 470 and the second flange 472. The web 474 also extends below the first flange 470 and the second flange 472 toward the inner side 454 of the chain 404 in the vertical bending direction B.

[0093] A post feature 464 is connected to the web 474 at the inner side 454 of the chain 404. The post feature 464 is shown, comprising a first post portion 476 extending from the web 474 in a first direction, and a second post portion 478 extending from the web 474 in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The post feature 464 extends between the link bodies 452 in a direction parallel to the plane of the first surface 460 and the second surface 462 of the first flange 470 and the second flange 472. The post feature 464 extends across the link bodies 452 in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the chain 404 extends longitudinally.

[0094] As shown, the post feature 464 is integrally connected to the web 474. For example, the entire link body 452 can be molded from a single material. In one embodiment, the link body 452 may be made of molded plastic. In other embodiments, the link body 452 may be made of molded metal. In yet another embodiment, the link body 452 may be 3D printed. In yet another embodiment, some or all of the features of the link body 452 may be produced by attaching, connecting, or otherwise coupling more than one component together. For example, in one contemplated embodiment, the post feature 464 is alternatively a separate pin assembly, and the web 474 includes at least one opening such that the post feature 464 can be inserted through the opening and held in place by interference fit or by any other attachment means, such as a crimp ring retainer. Various other structural embodiments are contemplated.

[0095] Extending from the second flange 472 in the bending direction B below the second flange 472 is a connecting feature 468. The connecting feature 468 includes a first U-shaped body 480 defining a first channel 482 and a second U-shaped body 484 (not shown) having a second channel. The first U-shaped body 480 and the second U-shaped body 484, as well as the corresponding channel 482, each include the same structural dimensions. The post features 464 of adjacent pivotally connected links can be received in the first and second channels, as... Figure 12 As shown more specifically in the diagram. Similarly, the webs 474 of adjacent pivotally connected links are configured to extend between the first U-shaped body 480 and the second U-shaped body 484. The connecting feature 468 further includes a shelf 486 on which the lower surface of the first flange 470 of the rearward bending prevention portion 458 can rest when the two adjacent links are in an extended straight and / or non-bent position.

[0096] Figure 12A perspective view is depicted of a first link 450a of a chain 430 according to one embodiment, the first link being coupled to a second link 450b of a chain 404 in an extended, straight, and / or non-bent position. The first link 450a and the second link 450b are each shown as including a link with… Figure 11 The second link 450b has the same structure and dimensions as the first link 450a. As shown, the post feature 464b of the second link 450b is connected to the connecting feature 468a of the first link 450a. Specifically, each channel in the channel 482a of the U-shaped body 480a of the first link 450a is shown as receiving the post feature 464b of the second link 450b. When hidden by the body of the first link 450a, the web 474b of the second link 450b extends through the opening between the two connecting features 468a of the first link 450a. In the extended position shown, the first flange 470b of the second link 450b is almost on the shelf 486a of the first link 450a. Furthermore, the first surface 460b of the second link 450b is shown as adjacent to and close to the second surface 462a of the first link 450a. Because of the narrow gap between the surfaces 462a and 460b of the first link 450a and the second link 450b, the chain 404 is not fully extended and is very slightly bent. When the narrow gap is fully closed, the first link 450a and the second link 450b become fully extended and are stopped or otherwise prevented from bending backward by the contact between the surfaces 462a and 460b and / or the contact between the first flange 470b of the second link 450b and the shelf 486a of the first link 450a.

[0097] Figure 13 A perspective view of a chain 430 in a bent position according to one embodiment is depicted. As shown, the chain 430 includes a 90-degree bend between two adjacent links 450a, 450b. Figure 13 As shown, the structure of links 450a and 450b provides a connection that allows for a 90-degree bend without separation or decoupling. This maximum 90-degree bend state provided by the structure of two adjacent links 450a and 450b allows chain 404 to have maximum inward flexibility in the bending direction B. In some embodiments, the maximum bend may be less than 90 degrees while maintaining the attachment of adjacent links 450a and 450b.

[0098] Methods for pushing and / or pulling a device with a chain are also envisioned. For example, the method may include providing a chain, such as chain 404, comprising multiple links, such as links 450 pivotally connected to each other, such that the chain is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward. The chain includes a magnet, such as a drive magnet 406 attached to the front links of the multiple links. The method may include connecting the magnet to a magnetic feature of the device, such as a transfer drawer 150. The method may further include pushing the device in the first direction with the chain by driving the chain with a drive system, such as a drive system 408, including a rotary gear drive, such as a drive gear device 416 operatively in communication with a motor, such as a stepper motor 412. The method may further include disconnecting the magnet from the magnetic feature of the device.

[0099] The method may further include constructing a non-backward-bending unidirectional chain comprising replicated integral links made of, for example, molded plastic. When one link bends at most 90 degrees around another link, the method may include attachments between the links maintaining the unidirectionally bent chain to prevent backward bending. The method may further include utilizing the non-backward-bending unidirectional bent chain to automate the loading and unloading of the device into the testing machine. Specifically, the method may include utilizing a non-backward-bending unidirectional bent chain having magnetically driven features for loading and unloading transfer drawers, said magnetically driven features being configured to hold and remove sample vial holders into and out of a liquid chromatography system (such as a sample manager).

[0100] Interface module 19 further includes a processor that communicates with transfer drawer receiving device 400, window device 300, and / or chain system 402. The processor may be implemented as an electronic control board, such as a printed circuit board with electronic components, and / or may be implemented using one or more discrete processing elements, such as a microprocessor. The processor controls the functions of transfer drawer receiving device 400, including controlling the conveying of transfer drawer 150 into and out of sample tray 101. For example, this may include controlling stepper motor 412, drive belt 414, and drive gear 416. Similarly, the processor controls the functions of window device 300, including opening and closing the window. For example, in response to signals received from one or more optical sensors, magnetic sensors, etc., the processor may issue control commands, such as commands to motors 412 and 332 of transfer drawer receiving device 400 and window device 300, and to window device 300, respectively. Thus, the processor can operatively communicate with one or more various sensor devices that need to be configured within interface module 19 to ensure the accuracy of movement and the timing of opening and closing window device 300. The processor can be configured to minimize the amount of "open" time (i.e., only when the transfer tray is inserted into or removed from the system via window device 300) to ensure minimal fluctuations in internal atmospheric conditions within the liquid chromatography system, etc. In an alternative example, the processor can serve as a liquid chromatography system processor for controlling the operation of additional components of the liquid chromatography system (such as the operation of valves and pumps). Figure 1 This is implemented as part of the data system 34. In another alternative example, the processor further communicates with a robotic system for providing sample vial holders to and / or removing sample vial holders from the transfer drawer. In yet another embodiment, multiple processors may be utilized—one processor controls a chain system 402 and its drive system, and another processor controls a window device 300.

[0101] Figure 14This is a flowchart representation of an example of a method 500 for loading one or more samples into a sample manager of a liquid chromatography system. Method 500 includes opening (510) a window of the window device to allow access to the sample tray of the sample manager. A transfer drawer is then pulled (520) from the sample tray through the window, making the transfer drawer accessible from the outside. The window is then closed (step 530) to maintain an acceptable internal environment for the sample manager. Preferably, the duration of the window being open does not exceed a few seconds (e.g., less than three seconds). The acceptable duration can be determined based on the frequency of the loading and unloading operations and the time required to move the transfer drawer between its fully inserted and fully withdrawn positions. For example, a programmable arm or other robotic manipulator can be made to access the transfer drawer. Any previously loaded sample vial holders are grasped or otherwise acquired by the robotic arm, removed from the transfer drawer (step 540), and placed at a remote storage location or other location within the reach of the robotic arm.

[0102] The robotic arm moves to a location away from the liquid chromatography system, where one or more sample vial holders are stored. For example, the sample vial holders may be stored in a sample organizer within the reach of the robotic arm and may have multiple shelves, each configured to hold the sample vial holder. The sample organizer may include a thermally controlled storage environment. The robotic arm acquires the sample vial holder containing one or more sample vials and moves the sample vial holder along a path toward the interface module. The sample vial holder is placed (step 550) on the transfer drawer. The window of the transfer window device is opened (step 560) and the transfer drawer receiving device pushes (step 570) the transfer drawer through the opened window until the transfer drawer is in the correct loading position of the sample vial holder on the sample tray.

[0103] Then, the transfer drawer receiving device is disengaged from the transfer drawer (step 580). This is achieved by decoupling the drive magnet on the chain of the transfer drawer receiving device from the transfer magnet on the transfer drawer. Decoupling is achieved by rotating the sample tray about its axis of rotation, such that the resulting shear force between the coupled magnets is sufficient to overcome the magnetic attraction between the magnets. For example, the sample tray can be commanded to rotate around its axis of rotation. Figure 5B The vertical axis 140 shown is rotated 90°. After magnet decoupling, the transfer chain and drive magnet retract (590) to an external position outside the sample manager before the window closes (step 600). At this point, operation of the sample manager can be resumed, or there may be an applied delay to allow the internal temperature to stabilize to an acceptable value.

[0104] It should be understood that certain steps of method 500 may occur in a different order or may be omitted. For example, the window may remain open for the full duration required to remove the sample vial holder from the sample manager and to load the next sample vial holder into the sample manager. Furthermore, some aspects of method 500 may be performed simultaneously. For example, two robotic arms may be used: one robotic arm for removing the sample vial holder and a second robotic arm for loading the other sample vial holder, without the delay caused by waiting for a single robotic arm to become available for loading after the unloading operation.

[0105] Although the invention has been shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A chain comprising: A plurality of links, pivotally connected to each other, such that the chain is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward, each of the plurality of links including a link body having: The inner side is oriented towards the bending direction of the chain; The outer side faces the opposite direction of the bending direction of the chain; An anti-reverse bending portion near the outer side of the link body, the anti-reverse bending portion including a first surface and a second surface, the first surface being configured to prevent reverse bending when engaging with the second surface of a first other link of the pivotally connected plurality of links, and the second surface being configured to prevent reverse bending when engaging with the first surface of a second body of the pivotally connected plurality of links; A column feature portion extending laterally across the link body, the column feature portion including a portion exposed from the inside of the chain; and A connecting feature is configured to engage with the post feature of the first other link of the plurality of pivotally connected links to create a directional pivot attachment between the links without bending backward. Each of the plurality of links is made of a single monolithic sheet of material; The portion preventing backward bending includes a first flange having the first surface and a second flange having the second surface, as well as a web located between the first flange and the second flange.

2. The chain according to claim 1, wherein, The first surface extends along a plane parallel to a vertically extending axis defined by the bending direction of the chain.

3. The chain of claim 2, wherein the web extends from the first flange and the second flange toward the inner side, and wherein the post feature is connected to the web at the inner side.

4. The chain of claim 3, wherein the post feature includes a first post portion extending from the web in a first direction, and wherein the post feature includes a second post portion extending from the web in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

5. The chain according to claim 4, wherein the post feature is integrally connected to the web.

6. The chain of claim 4, wherein the post feature is a pin, and wherein the web includes an opening such that the post feature can be inserted through the opening.

7. The chain of claim 3, wherein the connecting feature includes a first U-shaped body defining a first channel and a second U-shaped body having a second channel, wherein the column feature of the first other link of the plurality of pivotally connected links can be received in the first channel and the second channel.

8. The chain of claim 7, wherein the web of the first other link of the plurality of pivotally connected links is configured to extend between the first U-shaped body and the second U-shaped body.

9. The chain of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of links is integrally made of a single monolithic sheet of plastic material.

10. The chain of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of links is configured to bend 90 degrees relative to an adjacent link among the plurality of links.

11. A chain system, comprising: Chain, the chain comprising: A plurality of links, pivotally connected to each other, such that the chain is configured to bend in one direction without bending backward, each of the plurality of links including a link body having: A portion designed to prevent backward bending, the portion of which is located near the outer side of the link body; A column feature portion, the column feature portion extending laterally across the link body; and A connecting feature is configured to engage with the post feature of a first other link among the plurality of pivotally connected links to create a directional pivot attachment between the links without bending backward. A magnet is attached to the front links of the plurality of links of the chain, the front links being configured to removably connect the chain to the magnetic features of the device, thereby configuring the chain to push and pull the device along an axis when driven by a drive system; A device track, configured to receive the device and guide the device as the chain moves the device along an axis driven by the drive system; and A liquid chromatography system attached to the device track, wherein the device is a transfer tray configured to hold a sample vial holder, and wherein the chain is configured to push the transfer tray along the device track into and out of the liquid chromatography system when driven by the drive system.

12. The chain system according to claim 11, further comprising: A drive system comprising a rotary gear drive operably in communication with a motor, the rotary gear drive being integral with the column feature of each of the plurality of links of the chain.

13. The chain system of claim 12, wherein the motor is a stepper motor configured to move the belt to generate rotation of the rotary gear drive.

14. The chain system according to claim 12, wherein the drive system further comprises: A drive system body defining an inner track configured to guide the chain during movement of the chain from a retracted position to an extended position via the drive system, wherein the rotary gear drive includes teeth extending into the inner track.

15. The chain system of claim 11, further comprising an inlet gate located between the device track and the liquid chromatography system, wherein the inlet gate is operatively in communication with the drive system.

16. The chain system of claim 15, wherein the inlet gate is configured to open when the chain is extended by the drive system, such that extending the chain from a retracted state is configured to push a transfer tray into the liquid chromatography system through the opening of the inlet gate, and retracting the chain from an extended state is configured to pull the transfer tray out of the liquid chromatography system through the opening of the inlet gate.

17. The chain system of claim 11, wherein the device track includes a guide keyed to the size of the transfer tray.

18. A method comprising: Provide the chain system according to claim 11; Connect the magnet to the magnetic feature section of the device; The device is propelled in a first direction by driving the chain with a drive system; and Disconnect the magnet from the magnetic feature of the device.

Images