Light modulating device

Abstract

The application provides a light-adjusting device, which comprises a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a light-adjusting layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, the light-adjusting layer comprises dichroic composite particles, a particle stabilizer and a dispersion medium, the dichroic composite particles comprise an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer has a non-spherical symmetric shape, the outer layer is formed by epitaxial growth of a material with optical dichroism through a ligand modifying the surface of the inner layer, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the ligand and the refractive index of the dispersion medium is less than 0.19. For the light-adjusting device provided by the application, by controlling the refractive index of the ligand and the dispersion medium, the light-adjusting range of the light-adjusting device can be effectively adjusted. Meanwhile, by controlling the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the ligand and the dispersion medium, the optical matching of the outer layer material of the dichroic composite particles and the dispersion medium can be further controlled, so that the haze in the bright state is controlled to be within 5%.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a light adjusting device, in particular to a light adjusting device with dichroic composite particles. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of science and technology, light adjusting glass is more and more widely used in the fields of building, transportation and office, especially in the fields of automobile, high-speed rail, airplane and the like. In the existing light adjusting glass market, the more mature ones are PDLC intelligent glass and electrochromic intelligent glass. The PDLC intelligent glass can only realize the switching between transparency and haze, and cannot realize the effects of shading and heat insulation. The electrochromic intelligent glass has problems such as complex film layer process and slow response time (8-20s).

[0003] Another more mature technology is SPD light valve technology. In the SPD light valve technology, suspended particles are suspended in a light adjusting layer. In a state without an applied electric field, the suspended particles perform Brownian motion, thereby absorbing, scattering or reflecting incident light, so that the SPD light valve presents a dark state. When an electric field is applied, the suspended particles are polarized, thereby arranging in a straight line according to the direction of the electric field, so that most of the incident light can pass through the light adjusting layer, so that the SPD light valve presents a bright state, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application US5650872A. In this technology, the shape and size of the suspended particles are very important to the later effect. However, due to the influence of materials and preparation process, the shape and size of the suspended particles cannot be accurately controlled. At the same time, the light adjusting range of such light adjusting device is relatively single, and the bright state haze is too large, which cannot meet various demands.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a light adjusting device which can not only accurately control the size of the suspended particles, but also adjust the light adjusting range, while reducing the bright state haze and improving the clarity. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a light adjusting device, which comprises a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a light adjusting layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the light adjusting layer comprises dichroic composite particles, a particle stabilizer and a dispersion medium, the dichroic composite particles comprise an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer has a non-spherical symmetric shape, and the outer layer is formed by epitaxial growth of a material with optical dichroism on the surface of the inner layer through a ligand for surface modification, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the ligand and the refractive index of the dispersion medium is less than 0.19.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the ligand is an organic carboxylic acid compound. In a more preferred embodiment, the organic carboxylic acid compound includes a pyrrole carboxylic acid compound, a thiazole carboxylic acid compound, an imidazole carboxylic acid compound, a pyrazole carboxylic acid compound, a pyridine carboxylic acid compound, a pyrimidine carboxylic acid compound, a quinoline carboxylic acid compound, a pyrazine carboxylic acid compound, a phenanthroline carboxylic acid compound, and a purine carboxylic acid compound.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the dispersing medium is one or more of polybasic acid esters. In a more preferred embodiment, the polybasic acid esters include dioctyl adipate, tri-octyl trimellitate, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diisodecyl adipate, dioctyl azelate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl sebacate, triethylene glycol diisooctylate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized fatty acid butyl ester, epoxidized fatty acid octyl ester, tri-n-butyl trimellitate, tri-n-hexyl trimellitate, triallyl 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylate, tripropyl 1,3,4-benzene tricarboxylate, trimethyl 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylate, tetraoctyl pyromellitate, benzyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, and diallyl phthalate.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the dichroic composite particle has a longest axis of 100 to 1000 nanometers and a shortest axis of 10 to 200 nanometers.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the material of the inner layer is a metal and its compound, an inorganic non-metal compound, or an organic compound. In a more preferred embodiment, the inner layer is a hydroxyapatite nanorod.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the material of the outer layer is a polyhalide. In a more preferred embodiment, the material of the outer layer is a polyiodide.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the dichroic composite particle to the dispersing medium is 1:7 to 1:40.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the light-adjusting layer has a thickness of 5 to 50 micrometers.

[0013] For the light-adjusting device provided by the present application, the light-adjusting range of the light-adjusting device can be effectively adjusted by controlling the refractive indexes of the ligand and the dispersion medium. Meanwhile, by controlling the absolute value of the difference between the refractive indexes of the ligand and the dispersion medium, the optical matching between the outer layer material of the dichroic composite particle and the dispersion medium can be further controlled, so that the haze of the bright state is controlled within 5%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] The present application can be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram and working principle diagram of the light-adjusting device provided by the present application when no power is applied;

[0016] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the composite particle provided by the present application;

[0017] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram and working principle diagram of the light-adjusting device provided by the present application when power is applied;

[0018] Figure 4 contains two pictures, in which picture (a) is a TEM picture of the hydroxyapatite nanorod prepared according to the specific embodiment of the present application, and picture (b) is a SEM picture of the dichroic composite particle prepared according to the specific embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 5 is a TEM picture of the dichroic composite particle prepared according to the specific embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In the following description, for the purpose of explanation and a thorough understanding of the present application, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a

[0021] As Figure 1As shown, the present application discloses a light-adjusting device, which comprises a first transparent base layer 100, a first transparent conductive layer 200, a light-adjusting layer 300, a second transparent conductive layer 400 and a second transparent base layer 500. The light-adjusting layer 300 comprises dichroic composite particles 301, a particle stabilizer (not shown in the figure) and a dispersion medium 302, wherein the dichroic composite particles 301 are suspended in the dispersion medium 302. The particle stabilizer is used to prevent the agglomeration of the dichroic composite particles 301, so that they can be dispersed and suspended in the dispersion medium 302. The particle stabilizer can be dispersed in the dispersion medium 302 or connected to the surface of the dichroic composite particles 301. The particle stabilizer and the dispersion medium can use the polymeric stabilizer and the liquid suspension medium disclosed in the SPD, which will not be listed one by one. In the present application, the particle stabilizer is selected as nitrocellulose. The thickness of the light-adjusting layer is 5-50 microns. Preferably, the thickness of the light-adjusting layer is 5-30 microns.

[0022] The materials of the first transparent base layer 100 and the second transparent base layer 500 can be transparent glass or high molecular materials such as PET, PEN, PC, PP, PMMA, PBT, PVC, PI, cellulose, etc. The materials of the first transparent conductive layer 200 and the second transparent conductive layer 400 can use carbon-based conductive films, metal nanowire conductive films, metal oxide conductive films, etc., wherein the carbon-based conductive films mainly include two categories of graphene oxide conductive films and carbon nanotube conductive films, the commonly used metal nanowire conductive films include silver nanowire conductive films, copper nanowire conductive films, etc., and the metal oxide conductive films include indium tin oxide conductive films, indium oxide conductive films, tin oxide conductive films, zinc oxide conductive films, and conductive films made of mixtures of other metal oxides. In the following examples, the first transparent base layer 100 and the second transparent base layer 500 of the light-adjusting device both use transparent glass, and the first transparent conductive layer 200 and the second transparent conductive layer 400 are both indium tin oxide (ITO) layers.

[0023] As shown in the figure, the light-adjusting device comprises a first transparent base layer 100, a first transparent conductive layer 200, a light-adjusting layer 300, a second transparent conductive layer 400 and a second transparent base layer 500. The light-adjusting layer 300 comprises dichroic composite particles 301, a particle stabilizer (not shown in the figure) and a dispersion medium 302, wherein the dichroic composite particles 301 are suspended in the dispersion medium 302. The particle stabilizer is used to prevent the agglomeration of the dichroic composite particles 301, so that they can be dispersed and suspended in the dispersion medium 302. The particle stabilizer can be dispersed in the dispersion medium 302 or connected to the surface of the dichroic composite particles 301. The particle stabilizer and the dispersion medium can use the polymeric stabilizer and the liquid suspension medium disclosed in the SPD, which will not be listed one by one. In the present application, the particle stabilizer is selected as nitrocellulose. The thickness of the light-adjusting layer is 5-50 microns. Preferably, the thickness of the light-adjusting layer is 5-30 microns. Figure 2As shown, the dichroic composite particle 301 comprises an inner layer 310 and an outer layer 320. The inner layer 310 has a non-spherically symmetric shape (i.e., at least two optical axes of unequal length in its structure), such as rod-shaped, ribbon-shaped, sheet-shaped, needle-shaped, thread-shaped, or disc-shaped. However, the invention is not limited to these, and other suitable non-spherically symmetric shapes may also be used. For the inner layer 310 with a non-spherically symmetric shape, its shortest axis is generally nanometer-scale in size, while the size ratio of its longest axis to its shortest axis is greater than 1. The size of the shortest axis of the inner layer 310 is 0.5–100 nanometers, preferably 5–60 nanometers. The size ratio of the longest axis to the shortest axis of the inner layer 310 is 2:1–50:1, preferably 2:1–40:1. The material of the inner layer 310 may be a metal and its compounds, an inorganic non-metallic compound, or an organic compound. For example, the inner layer 310 can be gold nanowires, silver nanosheets, iron oxide nanorods, molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, hydroxyapatite nanorods, cellulose nanocrystals, etc. In the following embodiments of the present invention, the inner layer 310 is selected as hydroxyapatite nanorods.

[0024] The outer layer 320 can completely surround the inner layer 310 (e.g., Figure 2 As shown, the outer layer 320 may partially surround the inner layer 310. The outer layer 320 is made of a material different from that of the inner layer 310, which may exhibit optical dichroism under certain conditions, such as polyhalides. Preferably, the material of the outer layer 320 is a polyiodine compound. Such compounds have good optical dichroism, which can improve the optical properties of the final composite particles.

[0025] In the present application, the outer layer 320 is formed by epitaxial growth of a material having optical dichroism on the surface of the inner layer 310, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the ligand and the refractive index of the dispersion medium 302 is less than 0.19. The ligand can be an organic carboxylic acid compound, such as a pyrrole carboxylic acid compound, a thiazole carboxylic acid compound, an imidazole carboxylic acid compound, a pyrazole carboxylic acid compound, a pyridine carboxylic acid compound, a pyrimidine carboxylic acid compound, a quinoline carboxylic acid compound, a pyrazine carboxylic acid compound, a phenanthroline carboxylic acid compound, or a purine carboxylic acid compound. Such ligands can effectively uniformly and stably modify the carbonyl group on the surface of the inner layer 310, providing a basis for the growth of the outer layer 320 later. The dispersion medium is one or more of a polybasic acid ester, such as dioctyl adipate, trioctyl trimellitate, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diisodecyl adipate, dioctyl azelate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl sebacate, triethylene glycol diisooctylate, cresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, epoxy soybean oil, epoxy fatty acid butyl ester, epoxy fatty acid octyl ester, tri-n-butyl trimellitate, tri-n-hexyl trimellitate, triallyl 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylate, tripropyl 1,3,4-benzene tricarboxylate, trimethyl 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylate, tetraoctyl pyromellitate, benzyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, or diallyl phthalate. Such compounds can effectively swell the particle stabilizer, thereby stabilizing the dispersion of the dichroic composite particles in the dispersion medium and preventing the aggregation of the particles. At the same time, such compounds have high chemical stability, which can improve the stability and weather resistance of the light modulation device. Since the outer layer 320 is formed by epitaxial growth of a material having optical dichroism on the surface of the inner layer 310 modified by the ligand, the optical properties of the material of the outer layer 320 are greatly affected by the ligand, and therefore the refractive index matching of the ligand and the dispersion medium affects the optical matching of the outer layer material of the dichroic composite particles and the dispersion medium, further affecting the optical properties of the light modulation layer 300.

[0026] For the dichroic composite particle, due to the regular distribution of the material of the outer layer 320 along the shape of the inner layer 310, the dichroic composite particle 301 has optical dichroism and dielectric anisotropy. At the same time, the dichroic composite particle 301 retains the asymmetric characteristics of the inner layer 310 structure, and the size and aspect ratio of the final dichroic composite particle 301 can be controlled by controlling the size and aspect ratio of the inner layer 310. Preferably, the size of the longest axis of the dichroic composite particle 301 is 100-1000 nanometers, and the size of the shortest axis is 10-200 nanometers.

[0027] As shown in Figure 1 , in the state without applying an electric field, the dichroic composite particle 301 performs Brownian motion in the dispersion medium 302, and is randomly arranged in any direction in the light modulation layer 300, at which time the scattering and reflection of incident light is the largest. At the same time, due to the different absorption of the dichroic material in different directions of the incident light, and the absorption changes with the angle between the optical axis of the dichroic material and the electric vector of the incident light, and the optical axis of the dichroic composite particle at this time is in any direction, so the absorption of the incident light is also the largest. At this time, the transmittance of the incident light is the smallest, and the light modulation device presents a dark state. In addition, due to the optical dichroism of the dichroic composite particle, the entire light modulation device can present a certain color. As shown in Figure 3 , when an electric field is applied, due to the structural anisotropy and dielectric anisotropy of the dichroic composite particle, the dichroic composite particle tends to arrange its long axis along the direction parallel to the electric field, the angle between the optical axis of the dichroic composite particle and the electric vector of the incident light becomes smaller, the absorption of the incident light correspondingly becomes less, and the scattering or reflection of the incident light is further reduced, thereby increasing the transmittance of the incident light, so that the light modulation device presents a bright state. By adjusting the size of the applied electric field, the transmittance of the light modulation device can be continuously adjusted. In order to make the transmittance of the light modulation device in the dark state small enough to achieve the effect of the dark state, the mass ratio of the dichroic composite particle 301 to the dispersion medium 302 is 1:7-1:40, preferably 1:7-1:25. In the present application, the refractive index difference between the dichroic composite particle and the dispersion medium is changed by controlling the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the ligand and the refractive index of the dispersion medium, thereby realizing the adjustment of the maximum transmittance of the light modulation device in the bright state, and changing the overall light modulation range of the light modulation device on the basis that the minimum transmittance in the dark state remains basically unchanged. At the same time, by controlling the optical matching of the dichroic composite particle material and the dispersion medium (i.e. the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the ligand and the refractive index of the dispersion medium is less than 0.19), the haze in the bright state can be controlled within 5%, so as to maintain the clarity in the bright state.

[0028] In the following examples, the concentration is mass concentration unless otherwise specified. The size of the inner layer and the bichroic composite particle is obtained by TEM or SEM. The transmittance and haze of the light modulation device are measured by WGT-S type haze meter, and the refractive index of the dispersion medium is measured by Abbe refractometer.

[0029] Comparative Example 1

[0030] 2.80 g of nitrocellulose, 37.20 g of dioctyl sebacate, 0.10 g of hydroxyapatite nanorods (average length: 100 nm, average width: 10 nm), 1.13 g of iodine, 0.5 g of methanol, 0.84 g of CaI2-4H2O, and 0.75 g of 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (refractive index of ligand: 1.638) were placed in a 100 mL container. The hydroxyapatite nanorods had a shape as shown in FIG. (a) of Figure 4 After stirring for 16 hours, the reaction mixture was centrifuged, washed, and centrifuged again to obtain blue nanorods (average length: about 800 nm, average width: about 100 nm) having a shape as shown in FIG. (b) of Figure 4

[0031] The above-prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose, and dioctyl sebacate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.447) were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light modulation layer material, and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light modulation device was formed using the light modulation layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light modulation layer was 20 μm. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 2.87%, the maximum transmittance in the bright state was 39.4%, and the haze in the bright state was 5.1%. Since the refractive index of the ligand 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid and the dispersion medium dioctyl sebacate was greatly different, the haze of the light modulation device in the bright state was large.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] 2.80 g of nitrocellulose, 37.20 g of dioctyl sebacate, 0.10 g of hydroxyapatite nanorods (average length: 100 nm, average width: 10 nm), 1.13 g of iodine, 0.5 g of methanol, 0.84 g of CaI2-4H2O, and 0.75 g of 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (refractive index of ligand: 1.638) were placed in a 100 mL container. After stirring for 16 hours, the reaction mixture was centrifuged, washed, and centrifuged again to obtain blue nanorods (average length: about 800 nm, average width: about 100 nm).

[0034] ​The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and triallyl isocyanurate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.485) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to test results, the transmittance of the dark state was 2.45%, the highest transmittance of the bright state was 56.5%, and the haze of the bright state was 3.4%. The light adjusting range was 2.45%-56.5%.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and triallyl isocyanurate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.485) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to test results, the transmittance of the dark state was 2.45%, the highest transmittance of the bright state was 56.5%, and the haze of the bright state was 3.4%. The light adjusting range was 2.45%-56.5%.

[0037] The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and triallyl isocyanurate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.485) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to test results, the transmittance of the dark state was 2.45%, the highest transmittance of the bright state was 56.5%, and the haze of the bright state was 3.4%. The light adjusting range was 2.45%-56.5%.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and triallyl isocyanurate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.485) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to test results, the transmittance of the dark state was 2.45%, the highest transmittance of the bright state was 56.5%, and the haze of the bright state was 3.4%. The light adjusting range was 2.45%-56.5%.

[0040] The nanorods, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, and dioctyl phthalate prepared above were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:9.5:9.5 to form a light adjusting layer material (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.454), and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 micrometers. According to test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.38%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 45.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 3.8%. The light adjusting range was 2.38% to 45.1%.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] The nanorods, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, and dioctyl phthalate prepared above were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:9.5:9.5 to form a light adjusting layer material (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.454), and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 micrometers. According to test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.38%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 45.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 3.8%. The light adjusting range was 2.38% to 45.1%.

[0043] The nanorods, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, and dioctyl phthalate prepared above were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:9.5:9.5 to form a light adjusting layer material (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.454), and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 micrometers. According to test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.38%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 45.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 3.8%. The light adjusting range was 2.38% to 45.1%.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] The nanorods, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, and dioctyl phthalate prepared above were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:9.5:9.5 to form a light adjusting layer material (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.454), and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 micrometers. According to test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.38%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 45.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 3.8%. The light adjusting range was 2.38% to 45.1%.

[0046] The nanorods prepared above, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, trioctyl trimellitate, and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.507) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:4.75:4.75:9.5 to form a light-adjustable layer material, and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light-adjustable device was formed using the light-adjustable layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light-adjustable layer was 20 μm. According to the test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.15%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 68.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 1.3%. The light-adjustable range was 2.15% to 68.1%.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] The nanorods prepared above, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, trioctyl trimellitate, and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.507) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:4.75:4.75:9.5 to form a light-adjustable layer material, and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light-adjustable device was formed using the light-adjustable layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light-adjustable layer was 20 μm. According to the test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.15%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 68.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 1.3%. The light-adjustable range was 2.15% to 68.1%.

[0049] The nanorods prepared above, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, trioctyl trimellitate, and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.507) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:4.75:4.75:9.5 to form a light-adjustable layer material, and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light-adjustable device was formed using the light-adjustable layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light-adjustable layer was 20 μm. According to the test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.15%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 68.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 1.3%. The light-adjustable range was 2.15% to 68.1%.

[0050] Example 7

[0051] The nanorods prepared above, nitrocellulose, dioctyl adipate, trioctyl trimellitate, and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of mixed dispersion medium: 1.507) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:4.75:4.75:9.5 to form a light-adjustable layer material, and a 4 x 4 cm-sized light-adjustable device was formed using the light-adjustable layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light-adjustable layer was 20 μm. According to the test results, the transmittance in a dark state was 2.15%, the maximum transmittance in a bright state was 68.1%, and the haze in a bright state was 1.3%. The light-adjustable range was 2.15% to 68.1%.

[0052] The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.540) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:10 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 1.22%, the highest transmittance in the bright state was 54.8%, and the haze in the bright state was 0.5%. The light adjusting range was 1.22% to 54.8%.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.540) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:10 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 1.22%, the highest transmittance in the bright state was 54.8%, and the haze in the bright state was 0.5%. The light adjusting range was 1.22% to 54.8%.

[0055] The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.540) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:10 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 1.22%, the highest transmittance in the bright state was 54.8%, and the haze in the bright state was 0.5%. The light adjusting range was 1.22% to 54.8%.

[0056] Example 9

[0057] The above prepared nanorods, nitrocellulose and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.540) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:10 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4x4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 20 microns. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 1.22%, the highest transmittance in the bright state was 54.8%, and the haze in the bright state was 0.5%. The light adjusting range was 1.22% to 54.8%. Figure 5

[0058] ​The nanorods prepared above, nitrocellulose, and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.540) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4 x 4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 7 microns. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 4.90%, the maximum transmittance in the bright state was 75.1%, and the haze in the bright state was 2.2%. The light adjusting range was 4.90% to 75.1%.

[0059] Example 10

[0060] The nanorods prepared above, nitrocellulose, and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.540) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4 x 4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 7 microns. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 4.90%, the maximum transmittance in the bright state was 75.1%, and the haze in the bright state was 2.2%. The light adjusting range was 4.90% to 75.1%.

[0061] The nanorods prepared above, nitrocellulose, and butyl benzyl phthalate (refractive index of dispersion medium: 1.540) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:0.25:19 to form a light adjusting layer material, and then a 4 x 4 cm light adjusting device was formed using the light adjusting layer material, a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer was 7 microns. According to the test results, the transmittance in the dark state was 4.90%, the maximum transmittance in the bright state was 75.1%, and the haze in the bright state was 2.2%. The light adjusting range was 4.90% to 75.1%.

[0062] As can be seen from the above examples, by controlling the refractive indices of the ligand and the dispersion medium, the light adjusting range of the light adjusting device can be effectively adjusted. At the same time, by controlling the refractive indices of the ligand and the dispersion medium (the absolute value of the difference in refractive indices is less than 0.19), the optical matching of the outer layer material of the dichroic composite particles and the dispersion medium is further controlled, so that the haze in the bright state is controlled to be within 5%.

[0063] While several example embodiments have been described in detail, the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary and not limiting, as many other modifications, rearrangements, and / or substitutions are capable of being apparent to one of skill in the art in light of the foregoing detailed description, and such modifications, rearrangements, and / or substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A light adjusting device comprising a first transparent base layer, a first transparent conductive layer, a light adjusting layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent base layer, wherein, The light adjusting layer comprises dichroic composite particles, a particle stabilizer, and a dispersion medium, the dichroic composite particles comprise an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer is a hydroxyapatite nanorod having a shape of non-spherical symmetry, the outer layer is formed by epitaxial growth of a material having optical dichroism through a ligand modifying the surface of the inner layer, wherein the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the ligand and the refractive index of the dispersion medium is less than 0.19; wherein the ligand is an organic carboxylic compound; wherein the mass ratio of the dichroic composite particles to the dispersion medium is 1:7 to 1:

40. 2.The light adjusting device of claim 1, wherein the organic carboxylic compound comprises a pyrrole carboxylic compound, a thiazole carboxylic compound, an imidazole carboxylic compound, a pyrazole carboxylic compound, a pyridine carboxylic compound, a pyrimidine carboxylic compound, a quinoline carboxylic compound, a pyrazine carboxylic compound, a phenanthroline carboxylic compound, and a purine carboxylic compound. 3.The light adjusting device of claim 1, wherein the dispersion medium is one or more of polybasic acid esters. 4.The light adjusting device of claim 3, wherein the polybasic acid ester comprises dioctyl adipate, trioctyl trimellitate, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diisodecyl adipate, dioctyl azelate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl sebacate, triethylene glycol diisooctylate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, epoxy soybean oil, epoxy fatty acid butyl ester, epoxy fatty acid octyl ester, tri-n-butyl trimellitate, tri-n-hexyl trimellitate, triallyl 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylate, tripropyl 1,3,4-benzene tricarboxylate, trimethyl 1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylate, tetraoctyl pyromellitate, benzyl 2-ethylhexyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, and diallyl phthalate. 5.The light adjusting device of claim 1, wherein the size of the longest axis of the dichroic composite particles is 100-1000 nanometers, and the size of the shortest axis is 10-200 nanometers. 6.The light adjusting device of claim 1, wherein the material of the outer layer is a polyhalide. 7.The light adjusting device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the light adjusting layer is 5-50 micrometers.

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