Lightning protection circuit structure and battery management system

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a lightning protection circuit structure and a battery management system, the lightning protection circuit structure comprises: a first lightning protection circuit and a second lightning protection circuit; two input ends of the first lightning protection circuit are connected with a direct current input positive end and a direct current input negative end respectively, and an output end of the first lightning protection circuit is connected with an input end of the second lightning protection circuit; the second lightning protection circuit comprises: a first surge absorption capacitor, a second surge absorption capacitor, a first power electronic switch tube, a second power electronic switch tube and a driving module; the driving module is used for driving the first power electronic switch tube and the second power electronic switch tube; and the application further discloses a battery charging system, in some implementation processes, the cost of the lightning protection device is reduced, the working reliability of the battery management system is improved, the lightning protection circuit structure has the anti-reverse connection function, a separate anti-reverse connection circuit does not need to be designed, and the cost and space layout are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The embodiment of the application relates to, but is not limited to, the lightning protection technical field, in particular to, but is not limited to, a lightning protection circuit structure and a battery management system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of science and technology, people's requirements for the endurance and safety and reliability of batteries are higher and higher, in addition, since the battery cost is high, therefore, the battery management system is also paid more and more attention by people, the main function of the battery management system is to monitor the state of the battery pack, control the charging and discharging process according to the optimal algorithm, avoid overcharging and overdischarging, improve the battery utilization rate, and prolong the service life of the battery. At present, the battery management system is widely used in electric vehicles, communication base stations and other scenes equipped with batteries. For outdoor application scenes, in order to ensure the reliability of the battery, the lightning protection design needs to be considered. Since the current battery management system is not very mature, most of them do not have lightning protection devices, or adopt the conventional combination of pressure-sensitive resistor + TVS. The advantage of TVS is fast response, but its cost is high, and its current capacity is small. In addition, the positive and negative inputs of the battery management system are not allowed to be reversed, and a reverse connection protection circuit needs to be designed. However, the battery occupies most of the space in the battery management system, and the space left for the battery management components is very limited. If the lightning protection circuit and the reverse connection protection circuit are designed separately, the cost will be increased and more space will be occupied, which is not conducive to the layout of the battery management components. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of the lightning protection device, improve the working reliability of the battery management system, make the lightning protection circuit have the reverse connection protection function, and reduce the cost and space layout of the lightning protection device have become urgent problems to be solved. SUMMARY

[0003] The lightning protection circuit structure and the battery management system provided by the embodiment of the application mainly solve the technical problem of how to reduce the cost of the lightning protection device, improve the working reliability of the battery management system, and make the lightning protection circuit have the reverse connection protection function.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides a lightning protection circuit structure, which comprises: a first lightning protection circuit and a second lightning protection circuit.

[0005] The two input ends of the first lightning protection circuit are connected with a direct current input positive end and a direct current input negative end respectively, and the output end of the first lightning protection circuit is connected with the input end of the second lightning protection circuit.

[0006] The second lightning protection circuit comprises: a first surge absorption capacitor, a second surge absorption capacitor, a first power electronic switch tube, a second power electronic switch tube and a driving module.

[0007] The positive pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with the output positive terminal of the first lightning protection circuit, the negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with the drain of the first power electronic switch tube, the driving module is connected with the gate of the first power electronic switch tube, and the source of the first power electronic switch tube is connected with the output negative terminal of the first lightning protection circuit.

[0008] The negative pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with the output positive terminal of the first lightning protection circuit, the positive pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with the source of the second power electronic switch tube, the driving module is connected with the gate of the second power electronic switch tube, and the drain of the second power electronic switch tube is connected with the output negative terminal of the first lightning protection circuit.

[0009] The driving module is used for driving the first power electronic switch tube and the second power electronic switch tube.

[0010] Further, the application also provides a battery management system, characterized by comprising the lightning protection circuit structure.

[0011] The application has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] According to the lightning protection circuit structure provided by the embodiment of the application, the lightning protection circuit structure comprises: a first lightning protection circuit and a second lightning protection circuit; two input ends of the first lightning protection circuit are connected with a direct current input positive end and a direct current input negative end respectively, and an output end of the first lightning protection circuit is connected with an input end of the second lightning protection circuit; the second lightning protection circuit comprises: a first surge absorption capacitor, a second surge absorption capacitor, a first power electronic switch tube, a second power electronic switch tube and a driving module; a positive pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with an output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, a negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with a drain of the first power electronic switch tube, and a gate of the first power electronic switch tube is connected with the driving module; a negative pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with the output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, a positive pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with a source of the second power electronic switch tube, and a gate of the second power electronic switch tube is connected with the driving module; the driving module is used for driving the first power electronic switch tube and the second power electronic switch tube; when positive lightning occurs, the driving module sends a driving signal of the first power electronic switch tube as a high level and a driving signal of the second power electronic switch tube as a low level, so that the first power electronic switch tube is turned on and the second power electronic switch tube is turned off, and lightning energy is absorbed by the first surge absorption capacitor; when negative lightning occurs, the driving module sends the driving signal of the second power electronic switch tube as the high level and the driving signal of the first power electronic switch tube as the low level, so that the first power electronic switch tube is turned off and the second power electronic switch tube is turned on, and lightning energy is absorbed by the second surge absorption capacitor. The lightning protection circuit structure provided by the embodiment of the application can realize lightning protection twice, thereby stably eliminating residual voltage after lightning protection once, has good lightning protection effect, has low lightning protection cost, improves work reliability of a battery management system, and has the functions of anti-reverse connection and no need of separately designing an anti-reverse connection circuit, thereby solving the problems of high cost of a lightning protection device, poor work reliability of a battery management system and the need of separately setting an anti-reverse connection circuit.

[0013] Other features and corresponding advantages of the present application will be described in the following part of the description and it should be understood that at least part of the advantages will become apparent from the description of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 A lightning protection device structure schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment one of the present application;

[0015] Figure 2 A self-driven lightning protection device structure schematic diagram is provided for the embodiment two of the present application;

[0016] Figure 3 An implementation circuit diagram of a positive self-driven module is provided for the embodiment two of the present application;

[0017] Figure 4 An implementation circuit diagram of a negative self-driving module provided for the second embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0019] Embodiment one:

[0020] In order to solve the problems of high cost of lightning protection device, poor reliability of battery management system, and the need for separate anti-reverse connection circuit, the present application provides a lightning protection device structure. Figure 1 A lightning protection circuit structure schematic diagram provided for the first embodiment of the present application, the lightning protection circuit structure includes a first lightning protection circuit, a second lightning protection circuit; an input voltage detection module, a control module, a DC-DC power supply module.

[0021] The two input ends of the first lightning protection circuit are connected with the direct current input positive end Vin+ and the direct current input negative end Vin- respectively, the output end of the first lightning protection circuit is connected with the input end of the second lightning protection circuit; the output end of the second lightning protection circuit is connected with the input end of the DC-DC power supply module; the second lightning protection circuit includes: a first surge absorption capacitor C1, a second surge absorption capacitor C2, a first power electronic switch tube S1, a second power electronic switch tube S2, a driving module; the positive pole of the first surge absorption capacitor C1 is connected with the output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, the negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor C1 is connected with the drain of the first power electronic switch tube S1, and the driving module is connected with the gate of the first power electronic switch tube S1; the negative pole of the second surge absorption capacitor C2 is connected with the output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, the positive pole of the second surge absorption capacitor C2 is connected with the source of the second power electronic switch tube S2, and the driving module is connected with the gate of the second power electronic switch tube S2; the driving module is used to drive the first power electronic switch tube S1 and the second power electronic switch tube S2.

[0022] The two input ends of the input voltage detection module are connected with the two output ends of the first lightning protection circuit respectively; the output end of the input voltage detection module is connected with the input end of the control module; the output end of the control module is connected with the driving module, and the control module is used for receiving the detection signal detected by the input voltage detection module, performing logic processing on the detection signal, and outputting a control quantity to the driving module; the driving module provides a driving signal for the first power electronic switch S1 and the second power electronic switch S2 according to the control quantity.

[0023] When the positive lightning occurs at the input end of the battery management system, that is, the lightning flows in from the positive end Vin+ of the direct current input and flows out from the negative end Vin- of the direct current input, the voltage detected by the input voltage detection module is positive, the control module processes the voltage, and the driving module is controlled to output the first power electronic switch S1 driving signal 1 as high level and the second power electronic switch S2 driving signal 2 as low level, so that the first power electronic switch S1 is turned on and the second power electronic switch S2 is turned off, and the lightning strike energy is absorbed by the first surge absorption capacitor C1, so that the subsequent power electronic circuit and components are protected from being damaged; correspondingly, when the negative lightning occurs at the input end of the battery management system, that is, the lightning flows in from the negative end Vin- of the direct current input and flows out from the positive end Vin+ of the direct current input, the voltage detected by the input voltage detection module is negative, the control module processes the voltage, and the driving module is controlled to output the first power electronic switch S1 driving signal 1 as low level and the second power electronic switch S2 driving signal 2 as high level, so that the first power electronic switch S1 is turned off and the second power electronic switch S2 is turned on, and the lightning strike energy is absorbed by the second surge absorption capacitor C2, so that the subsequent power electronic circuit and components are protected from being damaged.

[0024] The first surge absorption capacitor and the second surge absorption capacitor are electrolytic capacitors.

[0025] The first power electronic switch and the second power electronic switch are metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and it should be understood that other devices that can realize the switching function, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and relays, should be within the protection scope of the present application.

[0026] It should be understood that the lightning protection circuit structure provided by the embodiment of the present application is not limited to the application scenario of the battery management system, and can also be applied to the DC-DC converter in which the input and output are both direct current.

[0027] The first lightning protection circuit in the embodiment of the present application can be composed of decoupling inductors, voltage-dependent resistors, gas discharge tubes and the like, which are only used as examples and are not limited.

[0028] The lightning protection circuit structure provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises: a first lightning protection circuit and a second lightning protection circuit; two input ends of the first lightning protection circuit are connected with a direct current input positive end and a direct current input negative end respectively, and an output end of the first lightning protection circuit is connected with an input end of the second lightning protection circuit; the second lightning protection circuit comprises: a first surge absorption capacitor, a second surge absorption capacitor, a first power electronic switch tube, a second power electronic switch tube and a driving module; a positive pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with an output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, a negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with a drain of the first power electronic switch tube, and the driving module is connected with a gate of the first power electronic switch tube; a negative pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with the output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, and a positive pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with a source of the second power electronic switch tube; the driving module is used for driving the first power electronic switch tube and the second power electronic switch tube; when a positive lightning occurs, the driving module sends a driving signal of the first power electronic switch tube as a high level and a driving signal of the second power electronic switch tube as a low level, so that the first power electronic switch tube is turned on and the second power electronic switch tube is turned off, and the lightning stroke energy is absorbed by the first surge absorption capacitor; when a negative lightning occurs, the driving module sends the driving signal of the second power electronic switch tube as the high level and the driving signal of the first power electronic switch tube as the low level, so that the first power electronic switch tube is turned off and the second power electronic switch tube is turned on, and the lightning stroke energy is absorbed by the second surge absorption capacitor; the problems of high cost of the lightning protection device, poor work reliability of the battery management system and the need to separately set the anti-reverse connection circuit are solved.

[0029] Embodiment two:

[0030] In order to solve the problems of high cost of the lightning protection device, poor work reliability of the battery management system and the need to separately set the anti-reverse connection circuit, the embodiment of the present application provides a self-driven lightning protection device structure. Figure 2 A self-driven lightning protection circuit structure provided by the embodiment two of the present application is shown in a schematic diagram, and the lightning protection circuit structure comprises: a first lightning protection circuit, a second lightning protection circuit and a DC-DC power supply module.

[0031] The two input ends of the first lightning protection circuit are connected with a direct current input positive end Vin+ and a direct current input negative end Vin- respectively, the output end of the first lightning protection circuit is connected with the input end of the second lightning protection circuit, the output end of the second lightning protection circuit is connected with the input end of the DC-DC power module, the second lightning protection circuit comprises a first surge absorption capacitor C1, a second surge absorption capacitor C2, a first power electronic switch S1, a second power electronic switch S2, a positive self-driving module and a negative self-driving module, the positive pole of the first surge absorption capacitor C1 is connected with the output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, the negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the first power electronic switch S1, the positive self-driving module is connected with the other end of the first power electronic switch S1 and is used for driving the first power electronic switch S1, the positive pole of the second surge absorption capacitor C2 is connected with the output negative end Vin- of the first lightning protection circuit, the negative pole of the second surge absorption capacitor C2 is connected with one end of the second power electronic switch S2, the negative self-driving module is connected with the other end of the second power electronic switch S2 and is used for driving the second power electronic switch S2.

[0032] When the positive lightning occurs at the input end of the battery management system, that is, the lightning flows in from the direct current input positive end Vin+ and flows out from the direct current input negative end Vin-, the positive self-driving module sends a first power electronic switch S1 driving signal as high level, the negative self-driving module sends a second power electronic switch S2 driving signal as low level, the first power electronic switch S1 is turned on, the second power electronic switch S2 is turned off, the lightning strike energy is absorbed by the first surge absorption capacitor C1, and the following power electronic circuit and components are protected from being damaged; correspondingly, when the negative lightning occurs at the input end of the battery management system, that is, the lightning flows in from the direct current input negative end Vin- and flows out from the direct current input positive end Vin+, the positive self-driving module sends a first power electronic switch S1 driving signal as low level, the negative self-driving module sends a second power electronic switch S2 driving signal as high level, the first power electronic switch S1 is turned off, the second power electronic switch S2 is turned on, the lightning strike energy is absorbed by the second surge absorption capacitor C2, and the following power electronic circuit and components are protected from being damaged.

[0033] The positive self-driving module comprises three terminals, two input terminals of the positive self-driving module are connected with the output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit and the negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor C1 respectively, and the output terminal of the positive self-driving module is connected with the driving pin of the first power electronic switch; specifically, as shown in Figure 3The implementation circuit diagram of the positive self-driving module is shown in the figure, and the positive self-driving module comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first diode VD1 and a first voltage stabilizing tube VD2; the first diode VD1 is connected in parallel with the first resistor R1, the cathode of the first diode VD1 is connected with a positive output end Vin+ of a first lightning protection circuit, the anode of the first diode VD1 is connected with the gate of a first power electronic switch tube S1 and the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing tube VD2, the anode of the first voltage stabilizing tube VD2 is connected in series with the second resistor R2, and the second resistor R2 is connected between the gate and the drain of the first power electronic switch tube S1; when a positive lightning occurs, the gate and the source of the first power electronic switch tube S1 are charged through the first resistor R1, so that the gate-source voltage rises to the opening voltage, and the first power electronic switch tube S1 is turned on. The first voltage stabilizing tube VD2 functions to prevent the switch tube from being damaged due to excessively high driving voltage, and when the gate-source voltage rises to the opening voltage, the S1 is turned on, and the lightning surge energy is absorbed by a first surge absorption capacitor C1; when a negative lightning occurs, the input voltage is negative, the gate-source capacitor of the first power electronic switch tube S1 is discharged through the first diode VD1, and the first power electronic switch tube S1 is turned off.

[0034] The negative self-driving module comprises three terminals, two input terminals of the negative self-driving module are connected with a negative output end of the first lightning protection circuit and the negative electrode of a second surge absorption capacitor C2 respectively, and the output terminal of the negative self-driving module is connected with the driving pin of the second power electronic switch tube; specifically, as shown in the implementation circuit diagram of the negative self-driving module, Figure 4 The implementation circuit diagram of the negative self-driving module is shown in the figure, and the negative self-driving module comprises a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a second diode VD3 and a second voltage stabilizing tube VD4; the second diode VD3 is connected in parallel with the third resistor R3, the cathode of the second diode VD3 is connected with a negative output end of a first lightning protection circuit, the anode of the second diode VD3 is connected with the gate of a second power electronic switch tube S2 and the cathode of the second voltage stabilizing tube VD4, the anode of the second voltage stabilizing tube VD4 is connected in series with the fourth resistor R4, and the fourth resistor R4 is connected between the gate and the drain of the second power electronic switch tube S2; when a negative lightning occurs, the GS of the second power electronic switch tube S2 is charged through the third resistor R3, so that the gate-source voltage rises to the opening voltage, and the second power electronic switch tube S2 is turned on. The second voltage stabilizing tube VD4 functions to prevent the switch tube from being damaged due to excessively high driving voltage, and when the gate-source voltage rises to the opening voltage, the S2 is turned on, and the lightning surge energy is absorbed by a second surge absorption capacitor C2; when a positive lightning occurs, the input voltage is positive, the gate-source capacitor of the second power electronic switch tube S2 is discharged through the second diode VD3, and the second power electronic switch tube S2 is turned off.

[0035] The first surge absorption capacitor and the second surge absorption capacitor are electrolytic capacitors.

[0036] The first power electronic switch tube and the second power electronic switch tube are metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and it should be understood that other devices capable of realizing a switching function, such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a relay, and the like, should be within the protection scope of the present application.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the first lightning protection circuit can be composed of decoupling inductors, voltage-dependent resistors, gas discharge tubes, and the like. Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the first lightning protection circuit can be composed of two ceramic gas discharge tubes. This is only an example and the structure of the first lightning protection circuit is not limited.

[0038] The embodiment of the present application provides a lightning protection circuit structure, the lightning protection circuit structure comprises: a first lightning protection circuit and a second lightning protection circuit; two input ends of the first lightning protection circuit are connected with a direct current input positive end and a direct current input negative end respectively, and an output end of the first lightning protection circuit is connected with an input end of the second lightning protection circuit; the second lightning protection circuit comprises: a first surge absorption capacitor, a second surge absorption capacitor, a first power electronic switch tube, a second power electronic switch tube, a positive forward driving module and a negative self-driving module; a positive pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with an output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit, a negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected with one end of the first power electronic switch tube, and the positive self-driving module is connected with the other end of the first power electronic switch tube; a positive pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with an output negative end of the first lightning protection circuit, a negative pole of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected with one end of the second power electronic switch tube, and the negative self-driving module is connected with the other end of the second power electronic switch tube; the positive self-driving module comprises three terminals, two input terminals of the positive self-driving module are connected with the output positive end of the first lightning protection circuit and the negative pole of the first surge absorption capacitor respectively, and an output terminal of the positive self-driving module is connected with a driving pin of the first power electronic switch tube; the negative self-driving module comprises three terminals, two input terminals of the negative self-driving module are connected with the output negative end of the first lightning protection circuit and the negative pole of the second surge absorption capacitor respectively, and an output terminal of the negative self-driving module is connected with the driving pin of the first power electronic switch tube. When positive forward lightning occurs, the driving signal of the first power electronic switch tube is high level through the positive self-driving module, the first power electronic switch tube is turned on, and the lightning strike energy is absorbed by the first surge absorption capacitor; when negative forward lightning occurs, the driving signal of the second power electronic switch tube is high level through the negative self-driving module, the second power electronic switch tube is turned on, and the lightning strike energy is absorbed by the second surge absorption capacitor. The lightning protection circuit structure provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize lightning protection twice, so that the residual voltage after lightning protection once can be stably eliminated, has good lightning protection effect, low lightning protection cost, improves the working reliability of the battery management system, and has the anti-reverse connection function, so that the problem that the lightning protection device cost is high, the working reliability of the battery management system is poor, and the anti-reverse connection circuit needs to be separately designed is solved.

[0039] Embodiment three:

[0040] The embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, the battery management system comprises the lightning protection circuit structure in the above embodiment one or embodiment two.

[0041] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that all or some of the steps, functions, procedures, modules and / or units in the methods disclosed above can be implemented by software (which can be implemented by computer program codes executable by a computing device), firmware, hardware, or any suitable combination thereof. In hardware implementation, the division of the functional modules / units between the above-described methods does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component can serve multiple functions, or one function or step can be performed by a number of physical components working in cooperation. Some or all of the physical components can be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, a digital signal processor, or a microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit.

[0042] Moreover, it is publicly known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, computer program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. Therefore, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0043] The above further describes the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of the present application is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of simple deductions or replacements can be made, which should be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A lightning protection circuit structure, characterized in that, include: Level 1 surge protection circuit, Level 2 surge protection circuit; The two input terminals of the primary surge protection circuit are connected to the positive and negative DC input terminals, respectively, and the output terminal of the primary surge protection circuit is connected to the input terminal of the secondary surge protection circuit. The secondary surge protection circuit includes: a first surge absorption capacitor, a second surge absorption capacitor, a first power electronic switch, a second power electronic switch, and a drive module; The positive terminal of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected to the positive output terminal of the first-level lightning protection circuit, the negative terminal of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected to the drain of the first power electronic switch, the driving module is connected to the gate of the first power electronic switch, and the source of the first power electronic switch is connected to the negative output terminal of the first-level lightning protection circuit. The negative terminal of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected to the positive output terminal of the first-level surge protection circuit, the positive terminal of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected to the source terminal of the second power electronic switch, the driving module is connected to the gate terminal of the second power electronic switch, and the drain terminal of the second power electronic switch is connected to the negative output terminal of the first-level surge protection circuit. The driving module is used to drive the first power electronic switch and the second power electronic switch.

2. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary surge protection circuit also includes: an input voltage detection module and a control module; The two input terminals of the input voltage detection module are respectively connected to the two output terminals of the primary lightning protection circuit; The output terminal of the input voltage detection module is connected to the input terminal of the control module; The output terminal of the control module is connected to the drive module. The control module is used to receive the detection signal detected by the input voltage detection module, perform logical processing on the detection signal, and output a control quantity to the drive module. The drive module provides drive signals to the first power electronic switch and the second power electronic switch according to the control quantity.

3. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The driving module is a self-driving module, which includes a positive self-driving module and a negative self-driving module; The output terminal of the forward self-driving module is connected to the gate of the first power electronic switch. The output terminal of the negative self-driving module is connected to the gate of the second power electronic switch.

4. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit structure also includes a DC-DC power supply module, and the output terminal of the secondary surge protection circuit is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC power supply module.

5. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first surge absorption capacitor and the second surge absorption capacitor are electrolytic capacitors.

6. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first power electronic switch and the second power electronic switch are metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).

7. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first power electronic switch and the second power electronic switch are insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).

8. A lightning protection circuit structure, characterized in that, include: Level 1 surge protection circuit, Level 2 surge protection circuit; The two input terminals of the primary surge protection circuit are connected to the positive and negative DC input terminals, respectively, and the output terminal of the primary surge protection circuit is connected to the input terminal of the secondary surge protection circuit. The secondary surge protection circuit includes: a first surge absorption capacitor, a second surge absorption capacitor, a first power electronic switch, a second power electronic switch, and a drive module; The positive terminal of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected to the positive output terminal of the first-level lightning protection circuit, the negative terminal of the first surge absorption capacitor is connected to the drain of the first power electronic switch, the driving module is connected to the gate of the first power electronic switch, and the source of the first power electronic switch is connected to the negative output terminal of the first-level lightning protection circuit. The source of the second power electronic switch is connected to the positive output terminal of the first-level surge protection circuit, the drain of the second power electronic switch is connected to the negative terminal of the second surge absorption capacitor, the driving module is connected to the gate of the second power electronic switch, and the positive terminal of the second surge absorption capacitor is connected to the negative output terminal of the first-level surge protection circuit. The driving module is used to drive the first power electronic switch and the second power electronic switch.

9. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The driving module is a self-driving module, which includes a positive self-driving module and a negative self-driving module; The positive self-driving module includes three terminals. The two input terminals of the positive self-driving module are respectively connected to the positive output terminal of the first-level lightning protection circuit and the negative terminal of the first surge absorption capacitor. The output terminal of the positive self-driving module is connected to the gate of the first power electronic switch. The negative self-driven module includes three terminals. The two input terminals of the negative self-driven module are respectively connected to the negative output terminal of the first-level surge protection circuit and the negative terminal of the second surge absorption capacitor. The output terminal of the negative self-driven module is connected to the gate of the second power electronic switch.

10. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The forward self-driving module includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a first diode, and a first Zener diode; The first diode is connected in parallel with the first resistor. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the positive output terminal of the first-level lightning protection circuit. The anode of the first diode is connected to the gate of the first power electronic switch and the cathode of the first Zener diode. The anode of the first Zener diode is connected in series with the second resistor. The second resistor is connected in parallel between the gate and drain of the first power electronic switch. The positive self-driving module is used to: when a positive lightning strike occurs, the input voltage is positive, and the gate and source of the first power electronic switch are charged through the first resistor, so that when the gate-source voltage of the first power electronic switch rises to the turn-on voltage, the first power electronic switch is turned on; when a negative lightning strike occurs, the input voltage is negative, and the gate-source capacitance of the first power electronic switch is discharged through the first diode, so that the first power electronic switch is turned off.

11. The lightning protection circuit structure as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The negative self-driving module includes: a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second diode, and a second Zener diode; The second diode is connected in parallel with the third resistor. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the negative output terminal of the first-level lightning protection circuit. The anode of the second diode is connected to the gate of the second power electronic switch and the cathode of the second Zener diode. The anode of the second Zener diode is connected in series with the fourth resistor. The fourth resistor is connected in parallel between the gate and drain of the second power electronic switch. The negative self-driving module is used to: when a negative lightning strike occurs, the input voltage is negative, and the gate and source of the second power electronic switch are charged through the third resistor, so that when the gate-source voltage of the second power electronic switch rises to the turn-on voltage, the second power electronic switch is turned on; when a positive lightning strike occurs, the input voltage is positive, the gate-source capacitance of the second power electronic switch is discharged through the second diode, and the second power electronic switch is turned off.

12. A battery management system, characterized in that, The battery management system includes the lightning protection circuit structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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