A crop root extraction mechanism and its combination, as well as an extraction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a crop root extraction mechanism and its combination, as well as an extraction method, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery. It is proposed in view of the defect that the existing straw root harvesting and treatment methods damage the plough layer soil environment. The extraction mechanism includes: a drum that can apply an impact force to the periphery during the traveling process, and a puncture part fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the drum. The impact force applied by the drum to the periphery provides effective kinetic energy for the puncture part in the soil. The steps of using the extraction mechanism (group) for extraction are: Step 1, install the extraction mechanism on a tractor and move forward synchronously; Step 2, bring the crop roots in the soil out of the ground; Step 3, discharge the crops from the drum. The present invention is the most economical straw root extraction and recycling method at present. It is not only simple in structure and convenient to operate, but also does not damage the plough layer soil environment.

Description

Technical field:

[0002] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a crop root and stem digging mechanism and a combination thereof, as well as a digging method. Background technology:

[0004] Straw is a general term for the stems and leaves (ears) of mature crops, usually referring to the remaining parts of wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane and other crops (usually coarse grains) after the seeds are harvested. How to harvest and process straw scientifically and effectively has always been a major problem that has plagued agricultural development. At present, most of the straw in my country is treated by rotary tillage, but the depth of rotary tillage by existing rotary tillers generally does not exceed 20 cm. After years of continuous rotary tillage, a relatively hard plow bottom layer is formed under the tillage layer of the land. The hard soil is not conducive to the deep rooting of crops. As the tillage layer becomes shallower and shallower, the soil's water and fertilizer retention performance and drought and waterlogging resistance capabilities decrease, and the goal of stable and high yields cannot be achieved. In order to solve the drawbacks of rotary tillage, it is proposed to crush the straw and return it to the field by deep tillage. The plow bottom layer can be broken by deep tillage, so that the crop roots can stretch downward and fully absorb the nutrients in the lower layer. The straw can be turned to the lower layer by deep tillage, so that the straw can be decomposed as soon as possible to provide nutrition for the growth of crops. However, there are still several problems with deep tillage of straw. First, the depth of deep tillage needs to reach about 40 cm, but the thickness of the black soil layer has dropped from an average of 60 to 70 cm in the 1950s to an average of 20 to 30 cm, and it is still continuing to degenerate. That is to say, the thickness of the black soil layer is less than 30 cm, and deep tillage will expose the loess layer. Second, from the perspective of agricultural production, since there is no fallow system after returning the straw to the field, sowing starts immediately after tillage. When planting seasonal crops and burying uncomposted straw in the farmland, the land will be too breathable, leaking water and fertilizer, and failing to maintain moisture, affecting the germination and growth of crops. Third, when returning the straw to the fields, weeds and seeds will be buried in the farmland together. The straw will block the herbicide and make it unable to work. At this time, weeds will grow together with crops, causing trouble for weeding. Fourth, when returning the straw to the fields, insect eggs and larvae will be buried in the farmland together with the straw to overwinter. The straw will form a natural quilt, making it safe for the eggs and larvae to overwinter. Underground insecticides (such as diazinon) will have no effect on insect eggs and larvae. Moreover, returning the straw to the fields will directly bury the previously diseased plants in the farmland, resulting in a higher base number of pathogens in the farmland, making it more prone to disease outbreaks.

[0005] In recent years, in order to protect the soil layer structure, the no-till seeding operation technology has gradually been promoted. No-till seeding is to directly complete seeding operations such as stubble breaking, ditch opening, fertilizing, seeding, soil covering, and rolling on uncultivated farmland or on farmland that has undergone treatments such as partial straw removal from the field and straw crushing through a special no-till seeder. In the case of a large amount of straw residue, in order to reduce the blockage of the straw and stubble to the machine, straw crushers, disc harrows, subsoilers, shallow tillage and weeding machines, etc. are often used for pre-seeding operations. At the same time, chemical weeding and pest control should be carried out in a timely manner after the no-till seeding operation. Through the no-till seeding technology, the cost of land preparation is indeed saved, but the no-till planting technology cannot achieve the ideal yield increase purpose. Since the corn has a large amount of surface roots and well-developed main roots, and the corn root system has a strong consolidation ability with the soil, simply improving the soil through the subsoiling operation of the no-till seeding technology cannot achieve the effect of turning the inner and outer soils over as a whole like deep plowing, nor will it increase the voids between soil particles. Instead, it will affect the growth of the underground root system due to the deterioration of the soil physical and chemical properties. The growth of the corn root system will be inhibited to a certain extent, which will directly affect the growth of the above-ground part. Therefore, so far, there is no effective method to deal with the straw roots while effectively protecting the tillage layer soil environment and providing a good growth environment for later seeding. Summary of the Invention:

[0007] In order to overcome the defect that the existing straw root harvesting and treatment methods damage the tillage layer soil environment, the present invention provides a crop root extraction mechanism and its combination, as well as an extraction method. The extraction mechanism penetrates into the soil through the piercing part, while loosening the soil, it also extracts the straw roots buried in the soil, which can effectively improve the recovery of the straw roots and reduce the damage to the tillage layer soil environment.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A crop root extraction mechanism includes: a drum, which can apply an impact force to the outer periphery during the traveling process; a piercing part, which is fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the drum, and the impact force applied by the drum to the outer periphery provides effective kinetic energy for the piercing part in the soil.

[0009] Preferably, the impact force of the drum comes from an excitation mechanism arranged inside the drum.

[0010] Preferably, the drum is annular, and the excitation mechanism is located inside the annulus. The excitation mechanism includes an excitation chamber housing, which is fixed inside the drum and coaxially arranged with the drum for forming an excitation chamber inside the drum; an eccentric block, which is rotatably installed inside the excitation chamber housing, and generates a centrifugal force through the circular motion of the eccentric block; a rotating shaft, which is used to drive the eccentric block to rotate synchronously with it.

[0011] Preferably, the impact force of the drum is generated by the gravitational potential energy of the drum during the traveling process.

[0012] Preferably, the outer contour of the drum is constituted by a polygon.

[0013] Preferably, the whole puncturing part is needle-shaped or plate-shaped.

[0014] Preferably, a comb-tooth mechanism for separating the attachments on the puncturing part is further provided above the drum. The comb-tooth mechanism includes a comb-tooth seat and a plurality of comb-tooth bars horizontally fixed on the comb-tooth seat. The free end of each comb-tooth bar is always arranged between two adjacent puncturing parts, and the free end of the comb-tooth bar overlaps on the outer wall of the drum.

[0015] Based on the above-mentioned crop root digging mechanism, the digging mechanism group includes at least two sets of digging mechanisms arranged in parallel. Each digging mechanism is respectively combined and connected through a mounting support arm and a common connecting device, and each set of digging mechanisms can swing independently according to the ground height to realize ground profiling and follow-up.

[0016] For the method of using the above-mentioned digging mechanism to dig crop roots, the linear velocity of the drum is the same as the traveling speed.

[0017] Preferably, the specific digging process is as follows:

[0018] Step 1: Install the digging mechanism on the tractor. During the process of the tractor moving forward, the digging mechanism moves forward at the same speed as the traction wheel.

[0019] Step 2: During the process of the traction operation, the drum applies an impact force to the periphery. Under the action of the impact force, the puncturing part on the drum pierces into the soil, and the crop roots in the soil are taken out of the ground.

[0020] Step 3: When the crops on the drum adhere to the drum and move to above the drum with the drum, the crops are discharged from the drum through the comb-tooth mechanism.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. The puncturing part arranged on the outer wall of the drum utilizes the impact force applied by the drum to the periphery during the operation process, so that when the puncturing part pierces into the plough layer soil, the depth is deeper, the soil is stirred more powerfully, and the effect of digging out the roots is better. Through the above series of actions, the function of loosening the soil is realized, and at the same time, the straw roots in the soil are synchronously taken out and taken away from the ground, playing the role of root digging.

[0023] 2. The present invention realizes the profiling contact with the ground through a plurality of digging mechanisms arranged in parallel and swinging independently, so that it can not only be applicable to flat ground operations, but also be applicable to ridging areas, effectively improving the applicable range of the equipment.

[0024] 3. The structure designed by the present invention is the most economical way to dig and recover straw roots at present. Since it operates at a low speed, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of dust, and also avoid the damage to the tillage layer soil environment caused by the existing method of pulverizing and returning straw roots to the field. At the same time, the low-speed operation also reduces the wear rate of the working parts, improves the service life of the working parts, saves the tillage cost, and has the characteristics of simple structure and convenient operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drum in Embodiment 1;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer shape of the drum in Embodiment 2;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the movement of the drum on flat ground in Embodiment 2;

[0030] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another shape of the piercing part in Embodiment 3;

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the comb tooth mechanism in Embodiment 5;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the digging mechanism group in Embodiment 6;

[0033] Among them: 1 drum, 2 piercing part, 3 vibration excitation mechanism, 31 vibration excitation chamber housing, 32 eccentric block, 33 rotating shaft, 34 support bearing seat, 4 motor, 5 comb tooth mechanism, 51 comb tooth seat, 52 comb tooth bar, 53 upper limit block, 54 lower limit block, 6 installation support arm, 7 common connection device, 8 baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention is a crop root digging mechanism, and the main purpose is to loosen and crush the soil by stirring the soil, and at the same time dig out the remaining straw roots after harvesting the seeds from the soil.

[0036] The digging mechanism includes a drum 1, a piercing part 2 and a comb tooth mechanism 5. The piercing parts 2 are multiple and are uniformly and vertically fixed on the outer wall of the drum 1. During the traveling process, the drum 1 can apply an impact force to the periphery. Under the action of the impact force, kinetic energy is provided for the soil loosening movement of the piercing parts 2 in the soil, so that the piercing parts 2 can insert into the soil with a stronger force and a deeper depth into the ground, and have more power when stirring the soil. While the piercing parts 2 realize the soil loosening function, they also bring out the straw roots from the soil and take them away from the ground.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The impact force of the drum 1 comes from the vibration excitation mechanism 3 arranged inside the drum 1.

[0039] As Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, the drum 1 is annular, the vibration excitation mechanism 3 is arranged inside the drum 1, and the vibration excitation mechanism 3 includes a vibration excitation chamber housing 31, an eccentric block 32, a rotating shaft 33 and a support bearing seat 34.

[0040] The vibration excitation chamber housing 31 is fixed on the drum 1 through a connecting plate perpendicular to the inner wall of the drum 1, and the vibration excitation chamber housing 31 is coaxially arranged with the drum 1 to form a vibration excitation chamber inside the drum 1. The eccentric block 32 is rotatably installed in the vibration excitation chamber housing 31 through the rotating shaft 33. After the rotating shaft 33 passes through the eccentric block 32, one end of it is rotatably installed on the side wall of the vibration excitation chamber housing 31 through a bearing, and the other end is connected to the output shaft of a motor 4 installed outside the support bearing seat 34. The support bearing seat 34 is installed on both sides of the drum 1. The inner side of the support bearing seat 34 facing the vibration excitation mechanism 3 is rotatably connected to the drum 1 through a bearing. The outside of the support bearing seat 34 is used to be fixedly connected to the installation support arm 6. The motor 4 is installed outside one of the support bearing seats 34. In this embodiment, the motor 4 is preferably a hydraulic motor, and its hydraulic pressure can come from a tractor or other hydraulic sources, and no excessive limitation is made here. The motor 4 drives the eccentric block 32 to do circular motion through the rotating shaft 33. The eccentric block 32 generates a centrifugal force during the rotation process, and this centrifugal force provides kinetic energy for the puncturing part 2.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] The difference from Example 1 is only that the source of the impact force is different. In Example 2, the impact force of the drum 1 comes from the gravitational potential energy generated during the traveling process of the shape of the drum 1, and the outer contour of the drum 1 is composed of polygons.

[0043] In order to optimize the gravitational potential energy during the operation and traveling, the outer contour of the drum 1 can be selected as a regular polygon, such as an equilateral triangle, a square, a regular pentagon, etc. When the number of sides selected for the outer contour of the drum 1 is more, the rotational resistance of the drum 1 during traveling is smaller, and its potential energy is also the smallest. Therefore, an equilateral triangle is preferably selected.

[0044] To optimize the rotational resistance during operation, the outer contour of the drum 1 can be selected as a Reuleaux polygon, such as an arc triangle, an arc pentagon, an arc heptagon, etc. When the number of arc sides of the outer contour of the drum 1 is smaller, the gravitational potential energy of the drum 1 during movement is greater; when the number of arc sides of the outer contour of the drum 1 is larger, the resistance of the drum 1 during movement is smaller. Since the magnitude of the gravitational potential energy of an object is determined by the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the object and the relative position between the Earth and the object on the ground, the greater the mass of the object, the higher its position, and the greater its work - doing ability, the more gravitational potential energy the object has. According to this characteristic, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, in this embodiment, it is preferred that the contour of the drum 1 is an arc triangle (i.e., a Reuleaux triangle), and this will be introduced as an example. Since the mass of the drum 1 is fixed, when the vertex of the arc triangle is at the highest position, the gravitational potential energy generated by the drum 1 is the greatest. To facilitate understanding of how the drum 1 with an arc - triangle shape operates, in Figure 4 the rotational trajectory of the drum 1 on flat ground is taken as an example for introduction.

[0045] Embodiment 3

[0046] Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, in this embodiment, the structure of the puncturing part 2 is further optimized.

[0047] To make the puncturing part 2 more easily penetrate into the soil, the puncturing part 2 is integrally needle - shaped or plate - shaped. As Figure 5 shown, when the puncturing part 2 is plate - shaped, its width direction is arranged parallel to the axis of the drum 1. During the movement of the drum 1, the wide side of the puncturing part 2 penetrates into the soil, making the stirring effect better.

[0048] Embodiment 4

[0049] Based on Embodiment 3, in this embodiment, the structure of the comb - tooth mechanism 5 is further optimized.

[0050] The comb - tooth mechanism 5 is used to separate the straw attached to the drum 1 from the drum 1, facilitating the later collection and treatment of the straw roots. To achieve this purpose, the comb - tooth mechanism 5 is arranged on the mounting support arm 6 used to tow the drum 1 forward, and the comb - tooth mechanism 5 is located above the drum 1. The comb - tooth mechanism 5 includes a comb - tooth seat 51 and comb - tooth bars 52. The two sides of the comb - tooth seat 51 are hinged on the mounting support arm 6. The comb - tooth bars 52 are rod - shaped or plate - shaped and are arranged horizontally at intervals, and the interval size is coupled with the gap between two adjacent puncturing parts 2. One end of each comb - tooth bar 52 is fixed on the side of the comb - tooth seat 51 close to the drum 1, and the other end of the comb - tooth bar 52 is a free end. The free end of each comb - tooth bar 52 is located between two adjacent puncturing parts 2, and the free end always overlaps or is suspended above the outer wall of the drum 1.

[0051] AsFigure 4 As shown, in order to ensure that the comb rack 52 is not affected by the outer contour of the drum 1 and always keep the free end of the comb rack 52 between two adjacent puncture parts 2 to achieve the purpose of separating the straw from the drum 1, in this embodiment, an upper limit block 53 and a lower limit block 54 for restricting the rotation range of the comb tooth seat 51 are provided on the mounting arm 6. The upper limit block 53 and the lower limit block 54 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the hinge point between the comb tooth seat 51 and the mounting arm 6. The lower limit block 54 is arranged below the comb tooth seat 51 and on the side close to the drum 1; the upper limit block 53 is arranged above the comb tooth seat 51 and on the side far from the drum 1.

[0052] Embodiment 5

[0053] On the basis of Embodiment 4, in this embodiment, a baffle 8 for improving the adhesion of the straw is added outside the drum 1.

[0054] As Figure 6 shown, the baffle 8 is used to improve the adhesion effect of the straw attached to the drum 1 and the puncture part 2, so as to facilitate the later recovery treatment of the straw. The baffle 8 is arc-shaped, installed on the mounting arm 6, and is located on the departure angle side of the drum 1, that is, on the side where the straw adheres to the drum 1.

[0055] Embodiment 6

[0056] In order to enable the digging mechanism described in Embodiments 1 to 5 to change with the terrain and improve the digging efficiency, in this embodiment, the digging mechanisms in the above embodiments are combined to form a digging mechanism group.

[0057] As Figure 7 shown, the digging mechanism group includes at least two sets of digging mechanisms arranged in parallel. Each digging mechanism is rotatably installed on the mounting arm 6 to achieve forward traction. Each mounting arm 6 is rotatably installed on the common connecting device 7 of the tractor to achieve combined connection. The common connecting device 7 includes a connecting rod, and both ends of the connecting rod are installed on the tractor. When the tractor moves forward, each group of digging mechanisms moves forward at the same speed as the tractor and can swing independently according to the different ground heights, so as to achieve the purpose of ground profiling and following.

[0058] Embodiment 7

[0059] This embodiment introduces the specific use process of the equipment in the above embodiments.

[0060] The specific process of digging using the digging mechanism (group) is as follows:

[0061] First, install the digging mechanism on the tractor through the common connecting device 7 to achieve towing operation. During the progress of the tractor, the digging mechanism advances at the same speed as the towing wheel. At this time, the linear speed of the drum 1 is the same as the ground speed or the traveling speed, that is, the linear speed of the drum 1 is the same as the traveling speed of the towing wheel. Under this low-speed operation condition, the situation of dust raising caused by the rapid turning of the soil like that of a rotary tiller will not occur. In addition, the low-speed operation also minimizes the friction between the working components, thereby extending the service life of the components and the overall structure.

[0062] Secondly, during the progress of the towing operation, the drum 1 exerts an impact force on the periphery. The impact force mainly comes from two aspects: one is the gravitational potential energy generated by the shape of the drum 1, and the other is the high-frequency vibration force formed by the excitation mechanism 3 using the eccentric block 32 to generate an eccentric force. The motor 4 drives the eccentric block 32 to rotate through the rotating shaft 33, and then the eccentric block 32 makes a periodic circular motion. As Figure 2 shown, when the vibration direction is downward, the vibration force drives the drum 1 to move downward, and the gravitational potential energy of the drum 1 increases, making the piercing part 2 located below the drum 1 easier to penetrate deep into the soil; when the vibration direction is upward, the vibration force drives the drum 1 to move upward, making the piercing part 2 inserted into the soil easier to be pulled out of the soil; when the vibration direction acts on both sides, the vibration force drives the drum 1 to move left or right, and then drives the piercing part 2 to stir in the soil, so that the soil is loosened. Through the cooperation of the vibration force, a series of periodic actions of piercing, stirring, deepening, and pulling out are realized by the piercing part 2 in the soil, better realizing the functions of loosening, crushing, and digging the soil by the piercing part 2, and making it easier to dig out the straw roots. In addition, through the periodic up and down vibration, it is easier to loosen the compacted soil by using the piercing part 2, improve the air permeability of the soil, and maintain soil moisture.

[0063] Then, the straw roots brought out of the soil by the piercing part 2 adhere to the drum 1 and are taken away from the ground. When the straw roots moving to the upper part of the drum 1 are discharged from the drum 1 under the action of the comb tooth mechanism 51.

[0064] Finally, install the digging mechanism on the common connecting device 7. If multiple digging mechanisms are installed on the tractor, each digging mechanism can achieve the above functions. At the same time, during the operation progress of the whole digging mechanism, it can also swing independently according to the height of the ground, so as to play a role of following the ground contour.

[0065] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. These specific embodiments are all different implementation manners based on the overall concept of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A crop root digging mechanism, comprising: A drum, the drum being annular, A puncturing part, which is fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the drum, and is characterized in that, The drum can apply an impact force to the outer periphery during the traveling process, and the impact force of the drum comes from an excitation mechanism arranged inside the drum; the excitation mechanism is located inside the ring, and the excitation mechanism includes, An excitation chamber housing, which is fixed inside the drum and is coaxially arranged with the drum, and is used to form an excitation chamber inside the drum; An eccentric block, which is rotatably installed inside the excitation chamber housing, and generates a centrifugal force through the circular motion of the eccentric block to form a vibration force; A rotating shaft, which drives the eccentric block to rotate through a motor via the rotating shaft; The vibration force applied by the drum to the outer periphery provides effective kinetic energy for the puncturing part in the soil. Through the cooperation of the vibration force, a series of periodic actions of piercing, stirring, deepening, and pulling out are realized by the puncturing part in the soil, and the straw roots are dug out of the soil along with the puncturing part.

2. The crop root and stem extraction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncturing part is integrally needle-shaped or plate-shaped.

3. The crop root and stem extraction mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: Above the drum, there is also a comb tooth mechanism for separating the attachments on the puncturing part. The comb tooth mechanism includes a comb tooth seat and a plurality of comb teeth fixed horizontally on the comb tooth seat. The free end of each comb tooth is always arranged between two adjacent puncturing parts, and the free end of the comb tooth overlaps on the outer wall of the drum.

4. The digging mechanism group composed of the crop root and stem digging mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: It includes at least two sets of digging mechanisms arranged in parallel. Each digging mechanism is respectively combined and connected through a mounting arm and a common connecting device, and each set of digging mechanisms can swing independently according to the ground height to achieve ground contour following.

5. A method for excavating crop rhizomes using the excavating mechanism according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The linear velocity of the drum is the same as the traveling speed. The specific digging process is as follows: Step 1: Install the digging mechanism on the tractor. During the traveling of the tractor, the digging mechanism travels at the same speed as the traction wheel; Step 2: During the traveling of the traction operation, the drum applies an impact force to the outer periphery. When the vibration direction is downward, the puncturing part on the drum pierces deep into the soil; when the vibration direction is upward, the vibration force drives the drum upward, and the puncturing part is pulled out of the soil; when the vibration direction acts on both sides, the vibration force drives the drum to move left or right. Then, under the action of the impact force, a series of periodic actions of piercing, stirring, deepening, and pulling out are realized by the puncturing part in the soil, and the crop roots in the soil are brought out of the ground; Step 3: When the crops on the drum adhere to the drum and move above the drum along with the drum, the crops are discharged from the drum through the comb tooth mechanism.

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