Gasification incinerator and waste gasification incineration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a gasification incinerator and a method for gasification incineration of waste materials. The gasification incinerator comprises a first furnace body and a second furnace body. The first furnace body comprises a gasification section and a combustion section, and the second furnace body comprises a quenching section. The tops of the first furnace body and the second furnace body are connected and have a common wall surface therebetween. A primary air distribution device is provided at the bottom of the gasification section, a pre-combustion section and a secondary air distribution device are provided at the side of the gasification section, the pre-combustion section comprises a liquid feeding device, a solid feeding device and a combustion device, the outlet of the pre-combustion section is connected to the upper section of the gasification section, and a steam inlet is provided at the lower section of the gasification section. The bottom of the combustion section is connected to the top of the gasification section, and a tertiary air distribution device is provided at the side of the combustion section. The top of the quenching section is connected to the top of the combustion section, and the quenching section is provided with a cooling water inlet, a smoke outlet and a fly ash outlet. The use of the gasification incinerator to treat waste materials can significantly improve the incineration and tail gas treatment effects of the waste materials, and significantly reduce the energy and labor costs of operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of gasification and combustion, and in particular to a gasification incinerator and a waste gasification and incineration method. Background Art

[0002] The existing waste incinerators mainly include direct-fired incinerators (such as fixed bed incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, rotary kiln incinerators, etc.), gasification incinerators (such as fluidized bed gasification incinerators and moving bed gasification incinerators, etc.) and pyrolysis incinerators (such as vertical rotary furnaces, fixed bed pyrolysis incinerators, etc.). For direct-fired incinerators, fixed bed incinerators are suitable for particularly small-scale occasions (such as daily processing capacity of 1 to 2 tons), and are inconvenient to operate, require manual slag removal, and are unsafe. Fluidized beds and rotary kilns are suitable for large-scale incineration equipment, such as daily processing capacity of more than 50 tons. Pyrolysis incinerators are suitable for waste with high calorific value and specific treatment objects. The treatment scale is not large. Due to poor fuel adaptability, high mechanical structure failure rate, and difficulty in meeting emission standards, they are rarely used. Large-scale gasification incinerators are mainly fluidized bed gasification incinerators, and small and medium-sized ones are mainly moving bed or fixed bed gasification incinerators. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a hazardous waste gasification incineration technology with a relatively small treatment scale (such as 6 to 48 tons / day), good fuel adaptability and excellent emission performance. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a gasification incinerator and a waste gasification incineration method.

[0004] In one aspect of the present invention, a gasification incinerator is proposed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gasification incinerator includes a first furnace body and a second furnace body, the first furnace body includes a pre-combustion section, a gasification section and a combustion section, the second furnace body includes a quenching section, the tops of the first furnace body and the second furnace body are connected and have a common wall surface; a primary air distribution device is provided at the bottom of the gasification section, the pre-combustion section and a secondary air distribution device are provided at the side of the gasification section, the pre-combustion section includes a liquid or slurry waste feeding device, a solid feeding device and a combustion device, the outlet of the pre-combustion section is connected to the upper section of the gasification section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the upper section of the gasification section is gradually increased from top to bottom. The cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the gasification section gradually increases from top to bottom, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the gasification section gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the lower section of the gasification section is provided with a steam inlet; the bottom of the combustion section is connected to the top of the gasification section, and the side of the combustion section is provided with a tertiary air distribution device; the upper section of the combustion section is a section of equal cross-section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the combustion section gradually decreases from top to bottom; the top of the quenching section is connected to the top of the combustion section, and the quenching section is provided with a cooling water inlet, a flue gas outlet and a fly ash outlet, the cross-sectional area of ​​the upper section of the quenching section gradually increases from top to bottom, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the quenching section gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0005] The gasification incinerator according to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is suitable for simultaneously treating solid waste and liquid (or slurry waste) waste, or treating one of solid waste and liquid (or slurry waste) waste separately. The waste to be treated first enters the pre-combustion section for pre-combustion, thereby not only drying and partially pyrolyzing and gasifying the solid waste, but also gasifying the sprayed slurry or liquid waste. The waste after pre-combustion enters the gasification section and is gasified under the action of primary gasification air and steam to obtain gasification gas and / or residue; the lower section of the gasification section is provided with a steam inlet, and steam can be sprayed into the wall of the lower section of the gasification section. This part of steam can not only act as a gasifying agent, but also clean the lower section of the gasification section. Furthermore, the gasification gas enters the combustion section for combustion to obtain post-combustion flue gas; the post-combustion flue gas can meet the emission standards after rapid cooling. In the gasification incinerator, the tops of the first furnace body and the second furnace body are connected and have a common wall surface between them. In combination with the cross-sectional area variation characteristics of each region of the first and second furnace bodies, the upper section of the common wall surface is vertical, and the lower section approaches the combustion section first and then the quenching section from top to bottom. As a result, on the one hand, a "throat" with a smaller cross-sectional area than the upper and lower sides is formed between the gasification section and the combustion section, so that the gasification section and the combustion section can be relatively divided, and the relatively low temperature of the gasification section can be effectively controlled and the high temperature of the combustion section can be maintained. In addition, a larger gasification space can be formed below the throat to provide the space compensation required for the lower gasification rate. At the same time, the lower gas velocity in the gasification section is conducive to preventing solid particles from being carried out of the gasification section by the airflow and entering the high-temperature combustion section (both reducing the amount of fly ash and greatly reducing the cost of fly ash disposal, and preventing excessive ash from entering the combustion section to melt or taking the opportunity to affect heat transfer in the economizer part); on the other hand, a gradually expanding space is formed in the upper section of the quenching section, which further improves the effect of water spray quenching. In summary, the use of the gasification incinerator according to the above embodiment of the present invention to treat waste can significantly improve the incineration of waste and the treatment of tail gas, and significantly reduce the energy and labor costs of operation.

[0006] In addition, the gasification incinerator according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, along the material feeding direction, the diameter of the pre-combustion stage furnace gradually expands, and the diameter of the pre-combustion stage furnace is 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the equivalent diameter of the furnace.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the pre-combustion section furnace is 1 to 2 times the equivalent diameter of the furnace.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary air distribution device includes two layers of secondary air inlets, and the two layers of secondary air inlets are respectively arranged in the upper section and the lower section of the gasification section.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the vertical direction, the secondary air port located in the upper section of the gasification section is located higher than the outlet of the pre-combustion section.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the steam inlet comprises a rotating nozzle.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the tertiary air distribution device includes two layers of tertiary air outlets, and the tertiary air outlets are arranged at the bottom end of the upper section of the combustion section and / or the lower section of the combustion section.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the furnace walls located in the gasification section, the lower section of the combustion section, and the quenching section include water-cooled walls.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the gasification incinerator further comprises: an economizer, which is arranged in the second furnace body and between the combustion section and the quenching section.

[0015] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a method for gasifying and incinerating waste materials using the gasification incinerator of the above-mentioned embodiment. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the gasification and incineration method comprises: (1) supplying at least one of liquid waste, slurry waste and solid waste to the pre-combustion section for pre-combustion to obtain pre-combustion waste; (2) allowing the pre-combustion waste to enter the gasification section for gasification, and spraying steam into the wall of the lower section of the gasification section, and introducing primary gasification air into the bottom of the gasification section to obtain gasification gas and / or residue; (3) allowing the gasification gas to enter the combustion section for combustion to obtain post-combustion flue gas; (4) rapidly cooling the post-combustion flue gas to obtain tail gas and fly ash. This method can significantly improve the incineration and tail gas treatment effects of waste materials and significantly reduce the energy and labor costs of operation by using the gasification incinerator as described above to treat waste materials.

[0016] In addition, the waste gasification and incineration method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the pre-combustion section is 600-800°C, and the atmosphere of the pre-combustion section is an oxidizing atmosphere in the front and a reducing atmosphere in the rear; the temperature of the gasification section is 750-850°C, and the atmosphere of the gasification section is a reducing atmosphere; the temperature of the combustion section is 1100-1200°C, and the atmosphere of the combustion section is an oxidizing atmosphere.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the waste gasification incineration method further comprises: before the post-combustion flue gas is rapidly cooled, the post-combustion flue gas is preliminarily subjected to heat exchange with an economizer.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the post-combustion flue gas after heat exchange in the economizer is 420-480°C, and the temperature of the tail gas is 200-240°C.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification incinerator according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Reference numerals:

[0025] 100-first furnace body,

[0026] 10-gasification section, 11-primary air distribution device, 12-pre-combustion section, 13-secondary air distribution device, 14-steam inlet, 121-liquid or slurry waste feeding device, 122-solid feeding device, 123-combustion device,

[0027] 20-combustion section, 21-tertiary air distribution device,

[0028] 200- Second furnace body,

[0029] 30-quenching section, 31-cooling water inlet, 32-smoke outlet, 33-fly ash outlet,

[0030] 40- economizer, 41- communication pipe,

[0031] 300-Shared walls. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0033] In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a gasification incinerator. Figure 1According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gasification incinerator includes a first furnace body 100 and a second furnace body 200. The first furnace body 100 includes a gasification section 10 and a combustion section 20, and the second furnace body 200 includes a quenching section 30. The tops of the first furnace body 100 and the second furnace body 200 are connected and have a common wall 300 therebetween. A primary air distribution device 11 is provided at the bottom of the gasification section 10, and a pre-combustion section 12 and a secondary air distribution device 13 are provided at the side of the gasification section 10. The pre-combustion section 12 includes a liquid or slurry waste feeding device 121, a solid feeding device 122 and a combustion device 123. The outlet of the pre-combustion section 12 is connected to the upper section of the gasification section 10. The cross-sectional area of ​​the upper section of the gasification section 10 gradually increases from top to bottom, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the gasification section 10 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The lower section of the gasification section 10 is provided with a steam inlet 14. The bottom of the combustion section 20 is connected to the top of the gasification section 10, and a tertiary air distribution device 21 is provided on the side of the combustion section 20; the upper section of the combustion section 20 is a section of equal cross section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the combustion section 20 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The top of the quench section 30 is connected to the top of the combustion section 20, and the quench section 30 is provided with a cooling water inlet 31, a flue gas outlet 32 ​​and a fly ash outlet 33. The cross-sectional area of ​​the upper section of the quench section 30 gradually increases from top to bottom, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the quench section 30 gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the gasification incinerator is a small modular structure, which can be shipped as a whole, and the waste treatment scale is 100-1000 kg / h. A larger-scale incinerator needs to be made into a block structure or even a bulk structure composed of several large components.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a small mechanical grate adapted to the size of the furnace is provided at the bottom of the gasification section 10 , which can be used to discharge the residue generated by the gasification section 10 .

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the furnace of the pre-combustion section 12 gradually expands along the material feeding direction, and the diameter d of the furnace of the pre-combustion section 12 is 1 / 2 of the equivalent diameter D of the furnace of the combustion section 20 (d max )~1 / 3(d min ). Thus, part of the radiant heat of the gasification stage can be absorbed, the consumption of auxiliary fuel (oil / gas) in the pre-combustion stage can be reduced, and the gas velocity can be reduced, thereby prolonging the residence time of the waste.

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the length L of the pre-combustion section 12 is 1 to 2 times the equivalent diameter D of the combustion section 20. Thus, the rate of waste pre-combustion and the combustion share of the combustion section can be matched.

[0038] In addition, the specific types of the liquid or slurry waste feeding device 121, the solid feeding device 122 and the combustion device 123 are not particularly limited, and technicians in this field can choose according to actual needs. For example, the combustion device can be selected from common burners in the field.

[0039] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary air distribution device 13 includes two layers of secondary air ports, which are respectively arranged at the upper section and the lower section of the gasification section 10. Thus, stratified air distribution can be formed, thereby achieving graded gasification, finely controlling the gasification process, and greatly improving the adaptability of waste materials while ensuring discharge.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the vertical direction, the secondary air port located in the upper section of the gasification section 10 is higher than the outlet of the pre-combustion section 12. As a result, tar, semi-coke and other components in all gasification gases (whether from the pre-combustion section or newly generated gasification gas in the gasification section) can be secondary gasified, and the gasification gas can be fully reduced in molecular weight, providing a reliable guarantee for the combustion of the combustion section with a low excess air coefficient and achieving low CO and high combustion efficiency.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the steam inlet 14 includes a rotating nozzle, by which steam (or compressed air) can be sprayed in an atomized form, thereby further improving the gasification and ash removal effects on the waste. In some embodiments of the present invention, the steam inlet 14 includes a plurality of steam inlets.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the tertiary air distribution device 21 includes two layers of tertiary air ports, which are arranged at the bottom of the upper section of the combustion section 20 and / or the lower section of the combustion section 20. Thus, staged combustion of gasification gas can be achieved, and clean and efficient combustion with low NOx and low CO can be achieved under low excess air coefficient conditions, thereby ensuring the excellent performance of low NOx, low CO and low PCDD / Fs of hazardous waste at a combustion temperature of 1100°C.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the gasification incinerator of the present invention, the furnace walls located at the gasification section 10, the lower section of the combustion section 20, and the quenching section 30 include water-cooled walls, and the steam obtained by heat exchange of the water-cooled walls can be supplied externally through the steam drum.

[0044] refer to Figure 2 According to some embodiments of the present invention, the gasification incinerator of the present invention may further include: an economizer 40. The economizer 40 is arranged in the second furnace body 200, and is arranged between the combustion section 20 and the quenching section 30. In this way, the waste heat utilization rate of the flue gas after combustion can be further improved. One or more groups of economizers 40 can be provided according to actual needs. In addition, the steam obtained by heat exchange of the water-cooled wall in part of the furnace wall of the gasification incinerator can also be supplied to the economizer through the connecting pipe 41 for use.

[0045] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a waste gasification and incineration method implemented by the gasification incinerator of the above embodiment. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the gasification and incineration method includes: (1) supplying at least one of liquid waste, slurry waste and solid waste to the pre-combustion section for pre-combustion to obtain pre-combustion waste; (2) allowing the pre-combustion waste to enter the gasification section for gasification, and spraying steam into the wall of the lower section of the gasification section, and introducing primary gasification air into the bottom of the gasification section to obtain gasification gas and / or residue; (3) the residue is discharged out of the furnace, and the gasification gas is allowed to enter the combustion section for combustion to obtain post-combustion flue gas; (4) the post-combustion flue gas is rapidly cooled to minimize the secondary synthesis of dioxins (PCDD / Fs) to obtain tail gas and fly ash. This method can significantly improve the incineration and tail gas treatment effects of waste by using the above-mentioned gasification incinerator to treat waste, and significantly reduce the energy and labor costs of operation.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the specific types of the above-mentioned liquid waste, slurry waste and solid waste are not particularly limited. For example, the solid waste can be the residue after the purification and distillation of DMF wastewater in the production process of artificial leather, the main components of which include dander, resin and filler (including wood cellulose, calcium carbonate, etc.), the calorific value is about 3000-5000 kCal / kg, and contains harmful components such as heavy metals and chlorine.

[0047] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the pre-combustion stage is 600-800°C, the atmosphere is an oxidizing atmosphere in the front part and a reducing atmosphere in the rear part. The temperature of the gasification stage is 750-850°C, the atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere. The temperature of the combustion stage is 1100-1200°C, the atmosphere is an oxidizing atmosphere.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the waste gasification incineration method further comprises: before the post-combustion flue gas is rapidly cooled, the post-combustion flue gas is preliminarily subjected to heat exchange with an economizer, thereby further improving the waste heat utilization rate of the post-combustion flue gas.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the flue gas after combustion after heat exchange in the economizer is 420-480°C, and the temperature of the tail gas after rapid cooling is 200-240°C.

[0050] In addition, it should be noted that all the features and advantages described above for the gasification incinerator are also applicable to the waste gasification incineration method and will not be described in detail here.

[0051] The present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] refer to Figure 2 The gasification incinerator includes a first furnace body 100 and a second furnace body 200. The first furnace body 100 includes a gasification section 10 and a combustion section 20, and the second furnace body 200 includes a quenching section 30. The tops of the first furnace body 100 and the second furnace body 200 are connected and have a common wall 300 therebetween. A primary air distribution device 11 is provided at the bottom of the gasification section 10, and a pre-combustion section 12 and a secondary air distribution device 13 are provided at the side of the gasification section 10. The pre-combustion section 12 includes a liquid or slurry waste feeding device 121, a solid feeding device 122 and a combustion device 133. The outlet of the pre-combustion section 12 is connected to the upper section of the gasification section 10, and a steam inlet 14 is provided at the lower section of the gasification section 10. The bottom of the combustion section 20 is connected to the top of the gasification section 10, and a tertiary air distribution device 21 is provided at the side of the combustion section 20. The top of the quench section 30 is connected to the top of the combustion section 20 . The quench section 30 is provided with a cooling water inlet 31 , a flue gas outlet 32 ​​and a fly ash outlet 33 . An economizer 40 is provided between the quench section 30 and the combustion section 20 .

[0054] (1) supplying liquid waste (or slurry waste) and solid waste to a pre-combustion section for pre-combustion to obtain pre-combustion waste;

[0055] (2) allowing the pre-combustion waste to enter the gasification section for gasification, and spraying steam into the lower section of the gasification section against the wall, and introducing primary gasification air into the bottom of the gasification section to obtain gasification gas and residue;

[0056] (3) allowing the gasified gas to enter the combustion section for combustion to obtain post-combustion flue gas;

[0057] (4) After the flue gas after combustion is exchanged with the economizer, the flue gas at 450°C is sprayed with water and rapidly cooled to 220°C to obtain tail gas and fly ash.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0059] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0060] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0061] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0062] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0063] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gasification incinerator, characterized in that: The furnace comprises a first furnace body and a second furnace body, wherein the first furnace body comprises a pre-combustion section, a gasification section and a combustion section, and the second furnace body comprises a quenching section, and the tops of the first furnace body and the second furnace body are connected and have a common wall surface; The bottom of the gasification section is provided with a primary air distribution device, the side of the gasification section is provided with the pre-combustion section and the secondary air distribution device, the pre-combustion section includes a liquid or slurry waste feeding device, a solid feeding device and a combustion device, the outlet of the pre-combustion section is connected to the upper section of the gasification section, the cross-sectional area of ​​the upper section of the gasification section gradually increases from top to bottom, the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the gasification section gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the lower section of the gasification section is provided with a steam inlet; The bottom of the combustion section is connected to the top of the gasification section, and a tertiary air distribution device is provided on the side of the combustion section; the upper section of the combustion section is a section of equal cross section, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the combustion section gradually decreases from top to bottom; The top of the quench section is connected to the top of the combustion section, and the quench section is provided with a cooling water inlet, a smoke outlet and an ash outlet. The cross-sectional area of ​​the upper section of the quench section gradually increases from top to bottom, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower section of the quench section gradually decreases from top to bottom; Along the material feeding direction, the diameter of the pre-combustion stage furnace gradually expands, and the diameter of the pre-combustion stage furnace is 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the converted equivalent diameter of the combustion stage furnace; The tertiary air distribution device includes two layers of tertiary air outlets, and the tertiary air outlets are arranged at the bottom end of the upper section of the combustion section and / or the lower section of the combustion section.

2. The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the pre-combustion section furnace is 1 to 2 times the equivalent diameter of the combustion section furnace.

3. The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary air distribution device comprises two layers of secondary air inlets, and the two layers of secondary air inlets are respectively arranged at the upper section and the lower section of the gasification section; Optionally, in the vertical direction, the secondary air port located in the upper section of the gasification section is located higher than the outlet of the pre-combustion section.

4. The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam inlet comprises a rotating nozzle.

5. The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace walls located in the gasification section, the lower section of the combustion section, and the quenching section include water-cooled walls.

6. The gasification incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Further including: An economizer is arranged in the second furnace body and between the combustion section and the quenching section.

7. A method for gasifying and incinerating waste using the gasifying and incinerating furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: (1) supplying at least one of liquid waste, slurry waste and solid waste to a pre-combustion section for pre-combustion to obtain pre-combusted waste; (2) allowing the pre-combustion waste to enter the gasification section for gasification, and spraying steam into the lower section of the gasification section against the wall, and introducing primary gasification air into the bottom of the gasification section to obtain gasification gas and / or residue; (3) allowing the gasification gas to enter a combustion section for combustion to obtain post-combustion flue gas; (4) Rapidly cooling the flue gas after combustion to obtain tail gas and fly ash.

8. The waste gasification and incineration method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature of the pre-combustion section is 600-800°C, and the atmosphere of the pre-combustion section is an oxidizing atmosphere in the front and a reducing atmosphere in the rear; the temperature of the gasification section is 750-850°C, and the atmosphere of the gasification section is a reducing atmosphere; the temperature of the combustion section is 1100-1200°C, and the atmosphere of the combustion section is an oxidizing atmosphere.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Further including: Before rapidly cooling the post-combustion flue gas, the post-combustion flue gas is preliminarily subjected to heat exchange with an economizer; Optionally, the temperature of the flue gas after combustion that has passed through the economizer for heat exchange is 420-480°C, and the temperature of the tail gas is 200-240°C.

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