Microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on tunable correlation measurement array

Abstract

The application discloses a microwave photon electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array, organically combines microwave photon technology and quantum measurement technology, and provides a microwave photon electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array: electromagnetic signals received by a broadband antenna are loaded onto an optical carrier, and a microwave photon test method is used to determine the frequency points of the electromagnetic signals; and according to the frequency points, the local oscillator frequency of the tunable correlation measurement array is controlled to realize high-sensitivity detection of the electromagnetic signals. The application effectively combines the bandwidth advantage of the microwave photon technology in signal processing and the precision advantage of the quantum precision measurement technology in signal sensing, so that the electromagnetic spectrum sensing simultaneously has the properties of large bandwidth and high sensitivity, effectively improves the operation capacity of the electromagnetic spectrum sensing system, and provides a brand-new solution for typical applications such as wireless communication spectrum management, space electromagnetic environment detection, electromagnetic shielding effect evaluation and astronomical electromagnetic signal system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of integrated optics, quantum optics and microwave photonics. Specifically, it refers to a method for identifying electromagnetic signal frequency bands using microwave photonic signal analysis, accurately controlling the local oscillator frequency of a tunable correlation measurement array, and realizing broadband high-sensitivity microwave photonic signal sensing. In particular, it relates to a microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method, system and storage medium based on a tunable correlation measurement array. Background Technology

[0002] Free space contains a wide variety of electromagnetic signals, making electromagnetic spectrum sensing and identification crucial for applications such as wireless communication, radar monitoring, and control and navigation. With the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic space environment, electromagnetic spectrum sensing systems built on traditional electronic devices are struggling to meet the requirements of ultra-wideband, multi-band parallel electromagnetic signal identification. Microwave photonics technology can effectively overcome this "electronic bottleneck," with advantages primarily in three aspects: first, the higher local oscillator frequency of optical carriers can carry several orders of magnitude more information than traditional radio; second, optical waveguides are technologically stable and extremely small, making them particularly suitable for constructing various highly integrated parallel signal processing systems; and third, optical carriers possess strong anti-electromagnetic interference characteristics, capable of resisting various electromagnetic interference environments, and have relatively relaxed requirements for system crosstalk design. Therefore, electromagnetic spectrum sensing systems based on microwave photonics technology are expected to achieve significant performance improvements in ultra-wideband, ultra-parallelism, and strong anti-interference capabilities. Furthermore, electromagnetic spectrum sensing technology based on correlation measurements has the potential to break through classical bottlenecks and approach the Heisenberg limit in terms of accuracy, further improving the accuracy level of microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the problems of existing technologies, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to use a broadband antenna to receive electromagnetic signals, convert the electrical signals generated by the antenna into optical signals through an electro-optic modulator, use microwave photonics methods to identify the frequency points and perform preliminary signal identification of the electromagnetic signals, and tune the local oscillator frequency of the correlation measurement array according to the frequency point results, so as to realize high-sensitivity electromagnetic signal detection based on correlation measurement.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array. This method receives electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and unknown waveform intensities via a broadband antenna, generates electrical signals, and converts these electromagnetic signals into optical signals. Using microwave photonics, frequency points of the electromagnetic signals are identified, enabling low-sensitivity measurement of single electromagnetic signals. The local oscillator wavelength of the correlation measurement array is tuned according to the frequency distribution of the electromagnetic signals, causing the operating frequency band of a certain correlation measurement interferometer in the array to tend to coincide with the frequency points of the electromagnetic spectrum signals, thus separating the signals in the corresponding frequency bands for high-sensitivity detection.

[0005] Preferably, the broadband antenna receives electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and loads them onto an optical carrier generated by the light source via an optical modulator.

[0006] Preferably, the microwave photonic signal modulated by the electromagnetic signal is input into the Machzent interferometer, and the two channels of the interferometer have opposite filtering responses.

[0007] Preferably, after dividing the output light, an amplitude comparison function (ACF) is obtained, in which the frequency and intensity have a monotonic relationship. The frequency components of the electromagnetic signal are then determined based on the ACF function.

[0008] Preferably, the above method specifically includes:

[0009] S101, Electromagnetic signal reception: Receives electromagnetic signals with unknown frequency components and waveform intensity through a broadband antenna and generates electrical signals to drive devices such as electro-optic modulators to convert the electromagnetic signals into optical signals.

[0010] S102. Electromagnetic signal frequency detection based on microwave photonics: Electromagnetic signals are identified by frequency using microwave photonics, and relatively low-sensitivity measurement is achieved directly for a single electromagnetic signal.

[0011] S103. Quantum electromagnetic spectrum detection based on correlation measurement: The local oscillator wavelength of the correlation measurement array is tuned according to the frequency distribution of the electromagnetic signal, so that the operating frequency band of a certain correlation measurement interferometer in the correlation measurement array coincides with the frequency point of the electromagnetic spectrum signal, and the signal in the corresponding frequency band is separated and detected with high sensitivity.

[0012] Preferably, the above method specifically includes:

[0013] S201. Construct a broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system based on microwave photonics, receive complex electromagnetic signals through a broadband antenna, and perform frequency component analysis on the electromagnetic signals using microwave photonics techniques.

[0014] S202. Construct a tunable correlation measurement array, in which each correlation measurement system is tunable within a specific frequency range and can achieve ultra-high sensitivity electromagnetic signal measurement at the center response frequency.

[0015] S203. Tune the correlation measurement array according to the determined frequency components so that the local oscillator frequency of the specific correlation measurement system is consistent with the frequency components determined by the broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system. Use the coincidence counter to demodulate the correlation measurement results and obtain the effective information of the electromagnetic signals of each frequency component.

[0016] Preferably, the aforementioned microwave photonic methods include, but are not limited to, frequency-amplitude mapping, frequency-space mapping, and frequency-time mapping.

[0017] Preferably, the center response frequency of the correlation analyzer is adjusted according to the frequency components determined by the microwave photonic electromagnetic signal analysis system, so that all electromagnetic signal frequency components can be responded to by one of the correlation analyzers in the array.

[0018] A system for implementing the aforementioned microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array includes a light source, a spectrum analyzer, a Machzent interferometer, and a broadband antenna. It also includes an electromagnetic signal receiving module, an electromagnetic signal frequency detection module, and a quantum electromagnetic spectrum detection module.

[0019] The electromagnetic signal receiving module is used to receive electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and unknown waveform intensity through a broadband antenna and generate electrical signals to drive an electro-optic modulator to convert the electromagnetic signals into optical signals.

[0020] The electromagnetic signal frequency detection module is used to identify the frequency of electromagnetic signals based on microwave photonics methods, and can directly achieve relatively low-sensitivity measurement of a single electromagnetic signal.

[0021] The quantum electromagnetic spectrum detection module is used to tune the local oscillator wavelength of the correlation measurement array according to the frequency distribution of the electromagnetic signal, so that the operating frequency band of a certain correlation measurement interferometer in the correlation measurement array coincides as completely as possible with the frequency point of the electromagnetic spectrum signal, and the signal in the corresponding frequency band is separated and detected with high sensitivity.

[0022] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0023] A computer program product includes a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. This invention combines microwave photonics technology and correlation measurement technology to propose an electromagnetic spectrum sensing method that has the advantages of both broadband and high sensitivity. It can effectively identify the frequency components in unknown electromagnetic signals and accurately identify each frequency component.

[0026] 2. The microwave photonic amplitude-frequency mapping measurement method and correlation measurement method used in this invention are well compatible with chip-integrated optical paths and have the potential for board-level full system integration.

[0027] 3. The “coarse-fine combined” electromagnetic spectrum sensing method proposed in this invention can analyze electromagnetic spectrum components at the fastest speed and achieve accurate analysis of different electromagnetic spectrum components with the highest sensitivity, and is expected to play an important role in spectrum management, environmental analysis and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing based on a tunable correlation measurement array is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and are not configured to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the invention.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0032] This invention provides an embodiment of a microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlated measurement array. It receives electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and unknown waveform intensities via a broadband antenna, generates electrical signals, and converts these electromagnetic signals into optical signals. Using microwave photonics, it identifies the frequency points of the electromagnetic signals, enabling low-sensitivity measurement of single electromagnetic signals. Based on the frequency distribution of the electromagnetic signals, it tunes the local oscillator wavelength of the correlated measurement array, causing the operating frequency band of a certain correlated measurement interferometer in the array to tend to coincide with the frequency points of the electromagnetic spectrum signals, thus separating the signals in the corresponding frequency bands for high-sensitivity detection.

[0033] In some embodiments, the broadband antenna receives electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and loads them onto an optical carrier generated by a light source via an optical modulator.

[0034] In some embodiments, a microwave photonic signal modulated by an electromagnetic signal is input into a Machzent interferometer, and the two channels of the interferometer have opposite filtering responses.

[0035] In some embodiments, after dividing the output light, an amplitude comparison function (ACF) with a monotonic relationship between frequency and intensity is obtained, and the frequency components of the electromagnetic signal are determined based on the ACF function.

[0036] This invention provides an embodiment of a microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array, comprising:

[0037] S101, Electromagnetic signal reception: Receives electromagnetic signals with unknown frequency components and waveform intensity through a broadband antenna and generates electrical signals to drive devices such as electro-optic modulators to convert the electromagnetic signals into optical signals.

[0038] S102. Electromagnetic signal frequency detection based on microwave photonics: Electromagnetic signals are identified by frequency using microwave photonics, and relatively low-sensitivity measurement is achieved directly for a single electromagnetic signal.

[0039] S103. Quantum electromagnetic spectrum detection based on correlation measurement: The local oscillator wavelength of the correlation measurement array is tuned according to the frequency distribution of the electromagnetic signal, so that the operating frequency band of a certain correlation measurement interferometer in the correlation measurement array coincides with the frequency point of the electromagnetic spectrum signal, and the signal in the corresponding frequency band is separated and detected with high sensitivity.

[0040] This invention provides an embodiment of a microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array, comprising:

[0041] S201. Construct a broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system based on microwave photonics, receive complex electromagnetic signals through a broadband antenna, and perform frequency component analysis on the electromagnetic signals using microwave photonics techniques.

[0042] S202. Construct a tunable correlation measurement array, in which each correlation measurement system is tunable within a specific frequency range and can achieve ultra-high sensitivity electromagnetic signal measurement at the center response frequency.

[0043] S203. Tune the correlation measurement array according to the determined frequency components so that the local oscillator frequency of the specific correlation measurement system is consistent with the frequency components determined by the broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system. Use the coincidence counter to demodulate the correlation measurement results and obtain the effective information of the electromagnetic signals of each frequency component.

[0044] In some embodiments, microwave photonic methods include, but are not limited to, frequency-amplitude mapping, frequency-space mapping, and frequency-time mapping.

[0045] In some embodiments, the center response frequency of the correlation analyzer is adjusted according to the frequency components determined by the microwave photonic electromagnetic signal analysis system, so that all electromagnetic signal frequency components can be responded to by one of the correlation analyzers in the array.

[0046] This invention provides a system embodiment for implementing the above-described microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array, comprising a light source, a spectrum analyzer, a Machzent interferometer, and a broadband antenna, and further comprising an electromagnetic signal receiving module, an electromagnetic signal frequency detection module, and a quantum electromagnetic spectrum detection module, wherein...

[0047] The electromagnetic signal receiving module is used to receive electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and unknown waveform intensity through a broadband antenna and generate electrical signals to drive an electro-optic modulator to convert the electromagnetic signals into optical signals.

[0048] The electromagnetic signal frequency detection module is used to identify the frequency of electromagnetic signals based on microwave photonics methods, and can directly achieve relatively low-sensitivity measurement of a single electromagnetic signal.

[0049] The quantum electromagnetic spectrum detection module is used to tune the local oscillator wavelength of the correlation measurement array according to the frequency distribution of the electromagnetic signal, so that the operating frequency band of a certain correlation measurement interferometer in the correlation measurement array coincides as completely as possible with the frequency point of the electromagnetic spectrum signal, and the signal in the corresponding frequency band is separated and detected with high sensitivity.

[0050] like Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the principle of a microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing system based on a tunable correlation measurement array. A broadband antenna receives electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and loads them onto an optical carrier generated by a light source via an optical modulator. The microwave photonic signal modulated by the electromagnetic signal is then input into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The two channels of the interferometer have opposite filtering responses. After dividing the output light, an amplitude comparison function (ACF) with a monotonic relationship between frequency and intensity is obtained. The frequency components of the electromagnetic signal can be determined based on the ACF function. Based on the frequency components determined by the microwave photonic electromagnetic signal analysis system, the center response frequency of the correlation analyzer is adjusted so that all electromagnetic signal frequency components can be responded to by one of the correlation analyzers in the array. By measuring and analyzing the correlation response using a multi-channel coincidence counter, specific information about each frequency component of the electromagnetic signal can be obtained.

[0051] This invention provides an embodiment of a microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing method based on a tunable correlation measurement array. The electromagnetic signal received by a broadband antenna is loaded onto an optical carrier, and the frequency of the electromagnetic signal is determined using a microwave photonic testing method. Based on the frequency, the local oscillator frequency of the tunable correlation measurement array is controlled to achieve high-sensitivity detection of the electromagnetic signal.

[0052] In some embodiments, the microwave photonics testing method involves a broadband antenna receiving electromagnetic signals and converting them into electrical signals. The electrical signals are then used to drive an electro-optic detector to convert the electrical signals into optical signals. The electromagnetic signals are then measured and inverted by transforming the optical signals. The microwave photonics testing method includes, but is not limited to, frequency-amplitude mapping, frequency-space mapping, and frequency-time mapping. The specific structure and implementation of the microwave photonics testing system are not limited, nor are the number of systems used or the specific spectral range corresponding to each system limited.

[0053] In some embodiments, frequency control determines the frequency components of the electromagnetic spectrum signal through microwave photonic testing, i.e., determines the number of carriers and the local oscillator frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum signal, and transmits this local oscillator frequency to the tunable correlation measurement array control system. The tunable correlation measurement array includes multiple correlation measurement systems with different tuning ranges and adjustable local oscillator frequencies within their respective tuning ranges, which can perform high-sensitivity measurements on different frequency components of the electromagnetic signal. The tunable correlation measurement array system is not limited in terms of system size, tuning method, frequency-tuning interface, etc.

[0054] In some embodiments, a broadband antenna receives electromagnetic signals and converts them into electrical signals in correlation measurements. These electrical signals are then used to control a phase shifter in the correlation measurement to compile the correlation intensity signal. By transforming and inverting the electromagnetic signal through correlation intensity measurements, high-sensitivity detection of electromagnetic signals at specific frequencies can be achieved. The signal carriers for correlation measurements include, but are not limited to, optical fields, single photons, and spintronics. The system structure and tuning method of the correlation measurement are not limited, nor are the detection and demodulation methods.

[0055] The present invention also provides an embodiment of a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0056] The present invention also provides an embodiment of a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0058] First, this invention combines microwave photonics technology and correlation measurement technology to propose an electromagnetic spectrum sensing method that has the advantages of both broadband and high sensitivity. It can effectively identify the frequency components in unknown electromagnetic signals and accurately identify each frequency component.

[0059] Secondly, the microwave photonic amplitude-frequency mapping measurement method and correlation measurement method used in this invention are well compatible with chip-integrated optical paths and have the potential for board-level full system integration.

[0060] Furthermore, the "coarse-fine combined" electromagnetic spectrum sensing method proposed in this invention can analyze electromagnetic spectrum components at the fastest speed and achieve accurate analysis of different electromagnetic spectrum components with the highest sensitivity, and is expected to play an important role in spectrum management, environmental analysis and other fields.

[0061] For ease of description, the above devices are described separately by function as various units. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0063] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0064] This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, that are executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0065] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0066] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0067] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0068] Memory may include non-persistent storage in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0069] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0070] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0071] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0072] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for microwave photonic electromagnetic spectrum sensing based on tunable correlation measurement array, comprising: S101, receiving electromagnetic signals, receiving electromagnetic signals with unknown frequency components and waveform intensity through a broadband antenna and generating electrical signals, and driving an electro-optical modulator or the like to convert the electromagnetic signals into optical signals; S102, detecting electromagnetic signal frequency points based on microwave photons, identifying the frequency points of the electromagnetic signals through microwave photonic means, and directly implementing relatively low-sensitivity measurement for a single electromagnetic signal; S103, quantum electromagnetic spectrum detection based on correlation measurement, tuning the local oscillator wavelength of the correlation measurement array according to the frequency point distribution of the electromagnetic signals, so that the operating frequency band of a certain correlation measurement interferometer in the correlation measurement array coincides with the frequency point of the electromagnetic spectrum signal, the signal of the corresponding frequency band is separated out and high-sensitivity detection is performed; wherein, a broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system based on microwave photons is constructed, complex electromagnetic signals are received through a broadband antenna, and frequency component analysis of the electromagnetic signals is performed using microwave photonic means; a tunable correlation measurement array is constructed, each correlation measurement system in the array is tunable within a specific frequency range, and can achieve ultra-high sensitivity electromagnetic signal measurement at the center response frequency; tune the correlation measurement array according to the determined frequency components, so that the local oscillator frequency of a specific correlation measurement system is consistent with the frequency components determined by the broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system, and the correlation measurement results are demodulated using coincidence counters to obtain effective information of the electromagnetic signals of each frequency component. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the broadband antenna receives electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and loads them onto an optical carrier generated by an optical modulator. 3.The method of claim 2, wherein the microwave photonic signal modulated by the electromagnetic signal is input into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the two channels of the interferometer have opposite filter responses. 4.The method of claim 3, wherein the output light is subjected to a subtraction operation to obtain an amplitude comparison function ACF with a monotonic relationship between frequency and intensity, and the frequency components of the electromagnetic signal are determined according to the ACF function. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein the microwave photonic means includes but is not limited to frequency-amplitude mapping, frequency-space mapping, and frequency-time mapping. 6.The method of claim 1, wherein the center response frequency of the correlation analyzer is adjusted according to the frequency components determined by the microwave photonic electromagnetic signal analysis system, so that all electromagnetic signal frequency components can be responded by a certain correlation analyzer in the array.

7. A system for implementing the method of claim 1, comprising an optical source, a spectrum analyzer, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a broadband antenna, further comprising an electromagnetic signal receiving module, an electromagnetic signal frequency point detecting module and a quantum electromagnetic spectrum detecting module, wherein, the electromagnetic signal receiving module is configured to receive electromagnetic signals with different frequency components and unknown waveform intensity through the broadband antenna and generate electrical signals, and drive the electro-optical modulator to convert the electromagnetic signals into optical signals; the electromagnetic signal frequency point detecting module is configured to identify the frequency points of the electromagnetic signals based on the microwave photonics method, and directly implement the measurement with relatively low sensitivity for a single electromagnetic signal; the quantum electromagnetic spectrum detecting module is configured to tune the local oscillator wavelength of the correlation measurement array according to the frequency point distribution of the electromagnetic signals, so that the operating frequency band of a certain correlation measurement interferometer in the correlation measurement array is as consistent as possible with the frequency points of the electromagnetic spectrum signals, the signals of the corresponding frequency band are separated out and high-sensitivity detection is performed; a broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system based on microwave photonics is constructed, complex electromagnetic signals are received through the broadband antenna, and the frequency component analysis of the electromagnetic signals is performed by using the microwave photonics method; a tunable correlation measurement array is constructed, each correlation measurement system in the array is tunable within a specific frequency range, and ultra-high sensitivity electromagnetic signal measurement can be achieved at the center response frequency; the correlation measurement array is tuned according to the determined frequency components, so that the local oscillator frequency of a specific correlation measurement system is consistent with the frequency components determined by the broadband electromagnetic spectrum sensing system, the correlation measurement results are demodulated by using the coincidence counter, and the effective information of the electromagnetic signals of each frequency component is obtained.

8. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1-6. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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