Amplitude directivity compensation method and device, electronic equipment and medium

Abstract

The application provides an amplitude directivity compensation method and device, electronic equipment and medium. The compensation method comprises the following steps: obtaining an amplitude directivity compensation factor; and multiplying the compensation factor and an interwell seismic physical simulation data body according to the same incident angle to obtain a compensated data body. The application has a certain effect on amplitude compensation of interwell seismic physical simulation data. The amplitude of the collected data is compensated by the method, the energy after compensation is well recovered, and the subsequent processing and interpretation of the data are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of seismic physical simulation, and is a physical simulation data amplitude directivity compensation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Interwell seismic is a seismic exploration method in which seismic waves are excited in one well and received in another well or multiple wells. Interwell seismic measurement is usually carried out in a well, and an excitation system and a receiving system that can adapt to the downhole environment are used. The downhole excitation system can be composed of a variety of polarization excitation modes of the source, and has the characteristics of strong energy, wide frequency band and no damage to the well wall. The downhole receiving system is composed of multiple three-component geophones, and has the characteristics of being able to receive rich wave field information. The main frequency of the interwell seismic signal is usually several times or even higher than that of the surface seismic, and the imaging result can clearly reveal the geological structure between the two wells, and can be used for fine reservoir description.

[0003] Compared with surface seismic technology, VSP interwell seismic technology has many advantages, such as obtaining high-resolution reservoir structure, describing the structure and sedimentary characteristics of fine reservoirs, studying the lateral variation and connectivity of reservoirs, and finding lost oil layers.

[0004] Seismic physical simulation technology is an effective means to understand complex seismic wave fields. Through physical simulation of various realistic geological models such as single geological body model, complex geological body model and interwell physical model, the characteristics of various wave types such as direct wave, transmitted wave, reflected wave, refracted wave, multiple wave and guided wave under interwell seismic observation are revealed.

[0005] However, the source used in seismic physical simulation is an ultrasonic transducer, and its energy radiation is surface radiation, not point source radiation in field exploration. Due to the problem of scale, the depth of the target layer cannot meet the requirements during laboratory seismic data acquisition, so the transducer cannot be regarded as a point source when used as a source, but as a surface source. There are differences between surface source and point source in many radiation characteristics, of which the most obvious is directivity. For ordinary physical simulation (simulating surface seismic), the directivity compensation method has been mature, mainly theoretical formula correction.

[0006] However, for interwell seismic, the previous theoretical formula correction cannot be applied. According to the transducer directivity formula, when the incident angle is large, the amplitude value will have an inflection point, and there may be multiple inflection points. In general physical simulation, the incident angle will not reach this angle, but the incident angle of interwell seismic varies greatly, and can reach more than 70 degrees. Under such an incident angle, the transducer theoretical directivity curve will have multiple zero points, making it impossible to compensate the data when the compensation curve is obtained.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for an interwell seismic physical simulation data amplitude compensation method. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application is mainly used for compensating the amplitude directivity of interwell seismic physical simulation data, and the interwell seismic data is quite different from the previous physical model data, and the larger offset is a prominent difference. If the amplitude compensation is not performed, the amplitude of the far offset gather of the whole data volume will be seriously distorted, various methods based on amplitude research will not be applicable, and the imaging and reservoir identification of the data volume will be affected, and the conventional theoretical formula correction cannot compensate the large offset data volume. Therefore, the present application is based on the conventional theoretical formula compensation, and the compensation function is constrained and improved to obtain an amplitude directivity compensation method applicable to the interwell seismic physical simulation data.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present application, an interwell seismic physical simulation data amplitude directivity compensation method is provided, comprising:

[0010] obtaining an amplitude directivity compensation factor;

[0011] multiplying the compensation factor and the interwell seismic physical simulation data volume according to the same incidence angle to obtain the compensated data volume.

[0012] Further, the amplitude directivity compensation factor comprises:

[0013] establishing a function relationship curve of amplitude with respect to incidence angle;

[0014] taking the upper envelope line of the function relationship curve and smoothing the same to obtain a new function relationship curve of amplitude with respect to incidence angle;

[0015] taking the inverse of the new function relationship of amplitude with respect to incidence angle to obtain the compensation factor.

[0016] Further, the function relationship curve of amplitude with respect to incidence angle is:

[0017]

[0018] wherein D is an amplitude directivity parameter, P a is an amplitude value, k is a wave number, a is a radius of a transducer, θ is an incidence angle, and J1 is a first order Bessel function.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present application, an interwell seismic physical simulation data amplitude directivity compensation device is provided, comprising:

[0020] a calculation module for obtaining an amplitude directivity compensation factor;

[0021] a compensation module, configured to multiply the compensation factor and the interwell seismic physical simulation data volume according to the same incident angle to obtain a compensated data volume.

[0022] Further, the calculation module obtains the amplitude directivity compensation factor by:

[0023] establishing a function curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle;

[0024] taking an upper envelope line of the function curve and smoothing the upper envelope line to obtain a new function curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle;

[0025] taking an inverse of the new function curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle to obtain the compensation factor.

[0026] Further, the function curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle is:

[0027]

[0028] wherein D is an amplitude directivity parameter, P a is an amplitude value, k is a wave number, a is a radius of a transducer, theta is an incident angle, and J1 is a first order Bessel function.

[0029] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device includes:

[0030] a memory storing executable instructions;

[0031] a processor running the executable instructions in the memory to implement the interwell seismic physical simulation data amplitude directivity compensation method.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program is provided, the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the interwell seismic physical simulation data amplitude directivity compensation method.

[0033] The present disclosure has certain effects on interwell seismic physical simulation data amplitude compensation. The method of the present disclosure is used to compensate the amplitude of collected data, and the energy after compensation is well recovered, which has certain improvement on subsequent processing and interpretation of data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the figures, and in which:

[0035] Figure 1 A flow chart of the interwell seismic physical modeling data amplitude directivity compensation method of the present application.

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the transducer directivity according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the envelope on the transducer according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the compensation factor according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the single shot record before directivity compensation according to an embodiment of the present application

[0040] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the single shot record after directivity compensation according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it is understood that the present disclosure can be embodied in various forms without being limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0042] The present application relates to the technical field of seismic physical modeling, and is an interwell seismic physical modeling data amplitude compensation method. Interwell seismic exploration is a more refined exploration method. In interwell seismic simulation in a laboratory, piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers are generally used as the source and receiver. Since the source is a surface source, it has a certain amplitude directivity. In interwell seismic exploration, the incident angle is generally large (up to more than 70 degrees), and under such a large opening angle, the theoretical value directivity curve has one or more minimum points, so that the compensation factor has an abnormal value and amplitude compensation cannot be performed.

[0043] The present application is based on the transducer theoretical directivity curve, takes the upper envelope and smoothes it, then takes the number to obtain the compensation factor, and finally compensates the seismic data with the compensation factor to obtain a better seismic data body.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1 The present disclosure provides an interwell seismic physical modeling data amplitude directivity compensation method, which comprises the following steps:

[0045] calculating an amplitude directivity compensation factor;

[0046] The compensation factor is multiplied with the cross-well seismic physical modeling data volume according to the same incident angle to obtain a compensated data volume.

[0047] Further, the amplitude directivity compensation factor is obtained by:

[0048] a function curve of amplitude versus incident angle is established;

[0049] an upper envelope of the function curve is taken and smoothed to obtain a new function curve of amplitude versus incident angle;

[0050] the new function curve of amplitude versus incident angle is inverted to obtain the compensation factor.

[0051] Preferably, the present application improves the conventional method of seismic physical modeling amplitude directivity compensation so that it can be applied to cross-well seismic physical modeling data amplitude directivity compensation. The directivity characteristic formula of a piston transducer can be expressed as:

[0052]

[0053] where D is an amplitude directivity parameter, P a is an amplitude value, k is a wave number, a is a radius of the transducer, θ is an incident angle, and J1 is a first-order Bessel function.

[0054] In data acquisition, the transmitting and receiving transducers are determined, so the radius a of the transducer is a fixed value, the data are acquired in water, and the wave number k is also determined. In this formula, the only variable is the incident angle. Taking a commonly used transducer in the laboratory as an example, the transducer diameter is 10 mm, the frequency is 300 kHz, and the sound wave propagation speed in water is 1500 m / s, so the wave number k is determined to be 1.26*10 3 m -1 , and ka is 6.3. If the value of ka is substituted into formula 1, it can be found that when the incident angle reaches about 50°, a zero point will appear, and there is more than one zero point.

[0055] The conventional amplitude directivity compensation method is to obtain a function of amplitude versus incident angle according to the transducer parameters and model velocity parameters, and then take the number of traces to obtain the amplitude directivity compensation factor, which is used to compensate the data volume according to the angle gather. However, the maximum incident angle of the conventional physical modeling acquisition data will not exceed 40°, so it will not have a zero point problem. However, in cross-well seismic acquisition, the incident angle can reach 70°, and under such a large incident angle, a zero point will certainly appear, and when the inverse is taken, an infinite value problem will occur, which will cause the compensation to fail.

[0056] According to another aspect of the present application, a cross-well seismic physical modeling data amplitude directivity compensation device is provided, comprising:

[0057] a calculating module for calculating an amplitude directivity compensation factor;

[0058] a compensating module for multiplying the compensation factor with the interwell seismic physical simulation data volume according to the same incident angle to obtain a compensated data volume.

[0059] After the calculating module calculates the amplitude directivity compensation factor, the compensation factor is sent to the compensating module, and the compensating module multiplies the compensation factor with the interwell seismic physical simulation data volume according to the same incident angle to obtain a compensated data volume.

[0060] Further, the calculating module calculating the amplitude directivity compensation factor comprises:

[0061] establishing a function relationship curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle;

[0062] taking an upper envelope line of the function relationship curve and smoothing the upper envelope line to obtain a new function relationship curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle;

[0063] calculating the reciprocal of the new function relationship of amplitude with respect to incident angle to obtain the compensation factor.

[0064] Further, the function relationship curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle is:

[0065]

[0066] wherein D is an amplitude directivity parameter, P a is an amplitude value, k is a wave number, a is a radius of a transducer, θ is an incident angle, and J1 is a first order Bessel function.

[0067] In order to understand the scheme and effects of the embodiments of the present application, the following specific application examples are given. Those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are only for the convenience of understanding the present application, and any specific details of the examples are not intended to limit the present application in any way.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] The present embodiment changes the original function curve of amplitude with respect to incident angle to calculate a normal compensation factor. The main method is to take an upper envelope of the function and perform a certain smoothing, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0070] 1. The diameter of the transducer used for data acquisition, the depth of the target layer, and the equivalent velocity of each layer above the target layer are determined, and are substituted into the transducer directivity formula to obtain a function relationship of amplitude with respect to incident angle.

[0071] 2, take the upper envelope of the function curve and smooth it to get a new amplitude function curve about the incident angle.

[0072] 3, take the inverse of the new amplitude about the incident angle to get the compensation factor, and multiply the data volume with the compensation factor according to the same incident angle to get the compensated data volume.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Reference Figures 2-6 , describes an application example of the method. In this example, the amplitude directivity compensation method for interwell seismic physical simulation data is used in the interwell seismic physical simulation of Tahe oilfield, the collected data is compensated in amplitude, and good compensation effect is obtained.

[0075] As Figure 2 shown, the transducers have consistent diameters but different frequencies, and the amplitude directivity and the incident angle are related. Figure 3 The transducer amplitude directivity and its upper envelope are calculated according to the interwell seismic parameters. Figure 4 The compensation coefficient curve is derived from the upper envelope and is used as the amplitude compensation coefficient for the seismic record. Figure 5 The single-shot record before compensation. Figure 6 The single-shot record after compensation, which is compared Figure 5 It can be seen that the event is clearer after amplitude compensation, and the effective wave signal that was not visible before can also be seen.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] The present disclosure provides an electronic device including, the electronic device includes: a memory, which stores executable instructions; a processor, which runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above-mentioned amplitude directivity compensation method for interwell seismic physical simulation data.

[0078] The electronic device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor.

[0079] The memory is used to store non-transitory computer readable instructions. Specifically, the memory can include one or more computer program products, which can include various forms of computer readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory, etc. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0080] The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit that has data processing and / or instruction execution capabilities, and can control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to run the computer readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience effect, the embodiments can also include well-known structures such as a communication bus, an interface, and the like, which should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0082] Detailed descriptions of the embodiments can refer to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the interwell seismic physical simulation data amplitude directivity compensation.

[0085] The computer readable storage medium according to the embodiments of the present disclosure has non-transitory computer readable instructions stored thereon. When the non-transitory computer readable instructions are run by a processor, all or part of the steps of the methods of the embodiments of the present disclosure are executed.

[0086] The computer readable storage medium described above includes, but is not limited to, an optical storage medium (for example, CD-ROM and DVD), a magneto-optical storage medium (for example, MO), a magnetic storage medium (for example, magnetic tape or a mobile hard disk), a medium with a built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (for example, a memory card), and a medium with a built-in ROM (for example, a ROM cartridge).

[0087] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above description of the embodiments of the present disclosure is only for the purpose of exemplarily illustrating the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure to any examples given.

[0088] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for compensating amplitude directivity of cross-well seismic physical simulation data, characterized in that: include: Obtain amplitude directivity compensation factor; multiplying the compensation factor by the cross-well seismic physics simulation data volume at the same incident angle to obtain a compensated data volume; The obtaining of the amplitude directivity compensation factor comprises: Establish a curve showing the function of amplitude with respect to the incident angle; Taking the upper envelope of the functional relationship curve and smoothing it to obtain a new functional relationship curve of the amplitude with respect to the incident angle; The compensation factor is obtained by taking the inverse of the newly obtained function relationship of the amplitude with respect to the incident angle; The function relationship curve of the amplitude with respect to the incident angle is: （1） in, is the amplitude directivity parameter, is the amplitude value, is the wave number, is the radius of the transducer, is the angle of incidence, is a first-order Bessel function.

2. A device for compensating amplitude directivity of cross-well seismic physical simulation data, characterized in that: include: A calculation module for obtaining an amplitude directivity compensation factor; a compensation module, configured to multiply the compensation factor by the cross-well seismic physics simulation data volume at the same incident angle to obtain a compensated data volume; The calculation module obtains the amplitude directivity compensation factor including: Establish a curve showing the function of amplitude with respect to the incident angle; Taking the upper envelope of the functional relationship curve and smoothing it to obtain a new functional relationship curve of the amplitude with respect to the incident angle; The compensation factor is obtained by taking the inverse of the newly obtained function relationship of the amplitude with respect to the incident angle; The function relationship curve of the amplitude with respect to the incident angle is: （1） in, is the amplitude directivity parameter, is the amplitude value, is the wave number, is the radius of the transducer, is the angle of incidence, is a first-order Bessel function.

3. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: a memory storing executable instructions; A processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the amplitude directivity compensation method for cross-well seismic physical simulation data according to claim 1.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for compensating for amplitude directivity of cross-well seismic physical simulation data according to claim 1 is implemented.

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