Self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism for aluminum electrolysis anode assembly

Abstract

A self-weight self-sustaining thermal expansion conductive mechanism for aluminum electrolytic anode assembly, comprising a conductive block, a threaded rod, a threaded sleeve, a jack, a lever, a clamp plate, and a support frame; the threaded rod passes through the middle through hole of the conductive block; the threaded sleeve is arranged on the threaded rod; the jack is arranged on the threaded sleeve, and the other end of the jack is connected with the upper end of the lever; the lever is taken as the rotating fulcrum by the support frame, and the lower end of the lever is connected with the clamp plate by a pin shaft; when the threaded rod rotates, the threaded sleeve is driven to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod and drive the clamp plate to press or loosen the clamping part of the anode carbon block through the jack and lever structure. The mechanism does not change any existing structure and process of the electrolytic cell, does not need to remove the electrolyte layer on the residual anode, and can complete the assembly and replacement of the anode carbon block by loosening or tightening the bolt head of the threaded rod, can be repeatedly used, and can firmly clamp the carbon block by relying on the self-weight of the carbon block to prevent the carbon block from falling, and the clamping surface and the conductive surface are pressed and connected more tightly during thermal expansion.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbon block clamping and conducting tool in aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conducting mechanism for conveniently operating anode carbon block assembly in aluminum electrolysis. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, the smelting of metal aluminum all over the world is by electrolysis process. In the electrolytic cell, dozens of groups of anodes are suspended in parallel on the upper part, and dozens of groups of cathodes are built on the bottom of the cell to electrolyze alumina. Oxygen in the alumina reacts with the anode carbon block to generate carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and the remaining pure aluminum is left in the electrolytic cell to complete the smelting process.

[0003] Currently, each anode assembly (such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2) of the aluminum electrolytic cell is composed of an aluminum guide rod on the upper part, a steel beam and a steel claw in the middle part, and a carbon block on the lower part. The aluminum guide rod is connected with the steel beam by aluminum-steel explosive welding, and the steel claw is connected with the carbon block by phosphorus pig iron casting. Figure 1 and Figure 2

[0004] The anode carbon block has two key roles of participating in chemical reaction and conducting electricity, and is a consumable product. When it is consumed to a certain extent, a new carbon block needs to be replaced. Since the carbon block and the steel claw of the traditional anode assembly are connected by phosphorus pig iron casting, when it is necessary to separate the old carbon block and replace it with a new one, the old carbon block (residual electrode) needs to be crushed first, the iron ring formed by the phosphorus pig iron casting needs to be pressed off, the steel claw needs to be cleaned, and then the new carbon block needs to be replaced and the phosphorus pig iron in a high-temperature molten state needs to be recast. After the phosphorus pig iron is cooled and solidified, it is fixed. Each aluminum smelting plant needs to replace hundreds or thousands of anode assemblies every day, and the aluminum smelting plant needs to set up a special anode assembly workshop to complete the replacement and assembly of the anode carbon block. The anode assembly workshop has various equipment, serious environmental pollution, a large number of workers, high investment and energy consumption, and great safety risks, which is a huge burden for each aluminum smelting plant in terms of investment, operation, safety, environmental protection, etc.

[0005] In recent years, many people with insight and industry experts have continuously researched measures to simplify anode assembly, and have formed the idea of abandoning the original phosphorus pig iron casting process and using clamping or hooking to assemble the anode. Many patents have been formed and declared. However, although there are many new structures and methods in theory, none of the new technologies has been actually applied and popularized in the industry. The reason is that various new structures and methods have some practical application unfeasibility and defects, and cannot truly replace the existing phosphorus pig iron casting structure. The main problems are as follows:

[0006] ​(1) Anode assembly in the electrolytic cell is tens of groups of two rows of parallel arrangement, the gap of each anode assembly carbon block periphery is very small, generally only 50 mm or so; a few hundred aluminum electrolytic cell using series arrangement, the electrolytic cell space is narrow, the space outside the cell is fixed and extremely limited (in order to reduce the busbar voltage drop between the cell and the cell, the distance between the cells is basically only one person through, less than two meters). The size of each part of the anode assembly is greatly limited, any new assembly mechanism cannot break through the basic size range of each part of the existing cast phosphorus pig iron structure, especially the total height of the mechanism cannot exceed the height of the original steel beam and steel claw (≤350 mm), the total width of the mechanism cannot exceed the width of the carbon block (≤500 mm), the total length of the upper part of the mechanism cannot exceed the length of the original steel beam (≤1100 mm), otherwise it will cause the structure of the entire electrolytic cell to change greatly. If the electrolytic cell is transformed, the investment is huge, the production process stability is destroyed, which is unacceptable to any aluminum plant.

[0007] (2) The temperature in the electrolytic cell is very high, the bottom surface temperature of the anode carbon block is as high as 900°C or more, the temperature of the steel claw and steel beam part is more than 300°C for a long time, and the temperature of the aluminum guide rod is about 100°C. The anode assembly at room temperature in the cold state will inevitably have thermal expansion effect after entering the electrolytic cell, and each structural part must ensure that it is tighter when it is hot and cannot loosen, otherwise it is easy to cause poor contact and carbon block falling off and other phenomena and accidents. The steel claw and phosphorus pig iron ring of the phosphorus pig iron casting method currently used can be more closely contacted with the side wall of the carbon block bowl hole after thermal expansion.

[0008] (3) The carbon block at the lower part of the anode assembly has a thickness of 600-700 mm at the beginning, and will be consumed from the bottom surface upwards after entering the electrolytic cell, the thickness of the carbon block will become thinner, until it becomes a remaining residual pole with a thickness of about 130 mm, and then the anode assembly is taken out in time to replace new carbon blocks. Therefore, the contact position of any new assembly mechanism with the carbon block must be within the range of 120 mm downward from the upper surface of the carbon block, otherwise the non-aluminum material of the mechanism will contact and partially melt into the high-temperature electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell, causing contamination of the aluminum liquid.

[0009] (4) Anode assembly works in the electrolytic cell, the upper surface of the carbon block must be covered with electrolyte heat preservation layer, the thickness is generally more than 300 mm, the steel claw and steel beam of the anode assembly is basically completely covered by the electrolyte layer, and the electrolyte layer is sintered into a very hard and large area of hardening state in high temperature environment. In actual production, when the anode assembly needs to be replaced, the electrolyte layer is first broken by the breaking hammer machine like repairing the road to break the road surface, so that the anode assembly can be taken out of the electrolytic cell. The anode assembly taken out of the electrolytic cell has a large amount of high-temperature electrolyte covering layer on the surface of the residual carbon block, steel claw and steel beam (assembly mechanism), and the electrolyte layer must be removed by professional large cleaning equipment, which is difficult to clean manually and causes serious flying dust.

[0010] (5) Since the anode assembly has the basic function of conducting electricity, each anode will conduct tens of thousands of amperes of large current, so each part of the anode assembly has a certain current density limit according to the material, that is, the conductor cross-sectional area of each part must be of sufficient size, otherwise the current density on the part will be too high, which will lead to power loss or even conductor heating and melting. The contact surface between the steel claw and the casting bowl hole at the top of the carbon block connected by casted phosphorus pig iron is also a conductive surface, which also needs to ensure sufficient contact area. Similarly, the effective conductive contact area between any new assembly mechanism and the carbon block must be ensured to be no less than the contact area between the original steel claw and the bowl hole of the carbon block connected by casted phosphorus pig iron, and the conductive contact surface must always maintain sufficient pressure to ensure good conduction. After thermal expansion occurs, the conductive contact surface must be ensured not to have a warped joint due to thermal deformation, resulting in only local line or point contact.

[0011] (6) The anode assembly is suspended on the upper part of the electrolytic cell, and below it is the high-temperature liquid electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid. The anode carbon block must prevent blockage and slagging, otherwise the accumulation of carbon slag at the bottom of the electrolytic cell will cause uneven current, voltage fluctuation, and even short circuit between the anode and cathode, etc. major accidents.

[0012] (7) The anode carbon block is produced by the anode carbon factory to ensure the strength and density of the carbon block. The product shape of the mold must meet the needs of smooth demolding, so the shape of the carbon block must avoid special shapes such as concave, hole, and inclined slot. Of course, these special shapes can be machined after the carbon block is formed, but it will lead to an increase and change in the production process of the carbon block, easy to crack the brittle and hard carbon block in the machining process, waste of carbon block material in the cutting part, difficult to clean the surface of the special-shaped carbon block, which greatly affects the investment cost, production cost, production efficiency, product quality, environmental protection and energy saving indicators, so the production of complex special-shaped anode carbon block is not accepted by all anode carbon factories.

[0013] Patent CN101660177A discloses a new type of aluminum electrolytic cell anode conductive device, which has hinged mechanism, clamping bolt, steel-aluminum composite sheet and other mechanisms on the upper part of the carbon block. The structure is complex, and it is difficult to control the total height within the height of the traditional steel beam and steel claw in actual application. It is very difficult to practically apply without changing the structure of the electrolytic cell. The hinged mechanism and fastening nut bolt are used to clamp the carbon block, and the hinged mechanism will be elongated after thermal expansion, causing the clamping plate to loosen. In addition, the hinged clamping plate described in the patent is clamped and loosened by operating multiple fastening nut bolts. In actual production applications, these bolts will be covered by the high-temperature electrolyte layer, which cannot be operated. The clamping plate is a whole plate. According to the structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick to have the activity margin for clamping and loosening. If the thickness is not enough, the current density will be larger, which will be much larger than that of the traditional structure. Moreover, the whole plate shape will be deformed to produce a gap when thermal expansion occurs, resulting in a large reduction in contact area.

[0014] Patent CN101899681B discloses an anode conductive clamping fixture, which uses a hinged mechanism and fastening nut bolt to clamp the carbon block. After thermal expansion, the hinged mechanism will be elongated, causing the clamping plate to loosen. In addition, the hinged clamping plate described in the patent is clamped and loosened by operating multiple fastening nut bolts. In actual production applications, these bolts will be covered by the high-temperature electrolyte layer, which cannot be operated. The clamping plate is a whole plate. According to the structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick to have the activity margin for clamping and loosening. If the thickness is not enough, the current density will be larger, which will be much larger than that of the traditional structure. Moreover, the whole plate shape will be deformed to produce a gap when thermal expansion occurs, resulting in a large reduction in contact area.

[0015] Patent CN101899682A discloses a clamping type anode conductive device, which has hinged mechanism, clamping bolt, steel-aluminum composite sheet and other mechanisms on the upper part of the carbon block. The structure is complex, and it is difficult to control the total height within the height of the traditional steel beam and steel claw in actual application. It is very difficult to practically apply without changing the structure of the electrolytic cell. The hinged mechanism and fastening nut bolt are used to clamp the carbon block, and the hinged mechanism will be elongated after thermal expansion, causing the clamping plate to loosen. The hinged clamping plate described in the patent is clamped and loosened by operating multiple fastening nut bolts. In actual production applications, these bolts will be covered by the high-temperature electrolyte layer, which cannot be operated. The clamping plate is a whole plate. According to the structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick to have the activity margin for clamping and loosening. If the thickness is not enough, the current density will be larger, which will be much larger than that of the traditional structure. Moreover, the whole plate shape will be deformed to produce a gap when thermal expansion occurs, resulting in a large reduction in contact area.

[0016] Patent CN103088367A discloses a continuous pre-baked anode assembly structure of aluminum electrolytic cell. The clamping mechanism of the structure is controlled by crank and crank shaft to clamp and loosen the clamping plate. In actual production application, the crank shaft will cause the clamping plate to loosen after thermal expansion. In addition, these cranks will be covered by the compacted high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated. The clamping plate is an integral plate. According to the structure, the clamping plate cannot be too thick because it needs to have a certain activity margin to clamp and loosen. If the thickness is not enough, the current density will be larger than that of the traditional structure. Moreover, the integral plate will be deformed and have a large gap when thermal expansion occurs, which will greatly reduce the contact area. There are multiple fastening pin components on the bottom side of the carbon block. When the carbon block is consumed to a certain extent from the bottom, the fastening pin components will become blocky slag and fall off. The carbon block has complex and special structures such as inner inclined groove, pin hole and sawtooth surface, which cannot be demolded in the carbon block forming production and are difficult to clean and maintain regular shape after high-temperature pre-baking.

[0017] Patent CN105543895B discloses a mechanical anode steel claw structure for pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell, and patent CN105543896B discloses a pre-baked aluminum electrolytic cell anode assembly structure. The hooking and clamping mechanism of the structure of the two patents is clamped by fastening bolts, nuts and transverse locking bolts. After thermal expansion, the bolts will be elongated and cause the clamping plate to loosen. In actual production application, these bolts and nuts will be covered by the compacted high-temperature electrolyte layer and cannot be operated. According to the structure, the conductive cross section of the structural member and the conductive contact surface contacting the carbon block are both small, and the conductive contact pressure only depends on the self-weight of the carbon block, which cannot meet the actual production conductive demand. The carbon block structure described in the patent has a large hollow groove and various special structures on the bottom surface, which will increase the current density of the carbon block bottom surface and cause a large amount of blocky slag to fall off when the carbon block is consumed to a certain extent from the bottom. The carbon block cannot be demolded in the carbon block forming production and is difficult to clean and maintain regular shape after high-temperature pre-baking.

[0018] Patent CN108070879B discloses a clamping frame of aluminum electrolytic cell, which completely changes the traditional aluminum guide rod hanging carbon block structure and sets a frame and clamping arm around the carbon block. This structure cannot be used in the existing electrolytic cell and must make great adjustments to the overall structure of the electrolytic cell and even the layout of the electrolytic workshop.

[0019] Patent CN201416038Y discloses a new type of aluminum electrolytic cell anode conductive device, the clamping mechanism of its structure is to make the clamping plate clamp the carbon block by tightening bolts or lever screws, after thermal expansion, the elongation of the bolt or screw will cause the clamping plate to loosen; the clamping mechanism needs to operate multiple tightening bolts to control the clamping and loosening of the clamping plate, in actual production application, these bolts will be covered by the high-temperature electrolyte layer, which is impossible to operate. The clamping plate of its structure is a rigid whole plate, according to structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick to have the activity margin of clamping and loosening, and if the thickness is not enough, the current density will be much larger than that of the traditional structure. Moreover, the whole plate shape will be deformed to produce a gap when thermal expansion occurs, which greatly reduces the contact area.

[0020] Patent CN201473606U discloses a clamping type anode conductive device, the structure of which has complex mechanisms such as pull rods, bolts, lifting screws, etc. on the upper part of the carbon block, in actual application, it is very difficult to control the total height within the height of the traditional steel beam and steel claw, and it is very difficult to apply it without changing the structure of the electrolytic cell. The clamping mechanism of its structure is to make the clamping plate clamp the carbon block by tightening bolts or lever screws, after thermal expansion, the elongation of the bolt or screw will cause the clamping plate to loosen; the clamping mechanism needs to operate multiple tightening bolts to control the clamping and loosening of the clamping plate, in actual production application, these bolts will be covered by the high-temperature electrolyte layer, which is impossible to operate.

[0021] Patent CN201665720U discloses an anode clamping fixture and aluminum guide rod connecting device, the structure of which has mechanisms such as hinged mechanisms, clamping bolts, steel-aluminum composite sheets, etc. on the upper part of the carbon block, in actual application, it is very difficult to control the total height within the height of the traditional steel beam and steel claw, and it is very difficult to apply it without changing the structure of the electrolytic cell. The structure of its structure is to clamp the carbon block by hinged mechanisms and fastening nut bolts, after thermal expansion, the hinged mechanism will be elongated to cause the clamping plate to loosen. The hinged clamping plate of its structure is to clamp and loosen the carbon block by operating multiple fastening nut bolts, in actual production application, these bolts will be covered by the high-temperature electrolyte layer, which is impossible to operate. The clamping plate of its structure is a whole plate, according to structural analysis, the clamping plate cannot be too thick to have the activity margin of clamping and loosening, and if the thickness is not enough, the current density will be much larger than that of the traditional structure. Moreover, the whole plate shape will be deformed to produce a gap when thermal expansion occurs, which greatly reduces the contact area.

[0022] Patent CN206089844U discloses a kind of anode carbon block and steel claw connection structure, and its patent is described as "steel claw is connected with coupling groove, and anode is fixed", without explaining its steel claw shape, specific connection operating mechanism, from the schematic diagram, coupling groove is "L" type hole, it is unable to understand what kind of steel claw can be placed in hole without damaging coupling groove, how to maintain close contact and conductive after being heated.The auxiliary hook in its structure is not explained what material it is, from the common sense angle of analysis, it should be metal material that can maintain strength in high temperature environment, which will contact with high temperature electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid, causing aluminum liquid pollution."Steel claw is connected with coupling groove, and anode is fixed", without explaining its specific connection operating mechanism of steel claw and carbon block, from the schematic diagram, its connection operating mechanism part will be covered by the high temperature electrolyte layer that is cemented, it is impossible to operate.In addition, "steel claw is connected with coupling groove, and anode is fixed", without explaining its specific connection operating mechanism of steel claw and carbon block, from the schematic diagram, the size of connecting component is very small, far from reaching the conductive area of traditional steel claw connection, and the conductive contact pressure only relies on the self weight of carbon block, which is unable to meet the actual production conductive demand.The shape of the described carbon block has complex irregular structure with numerous grooves, holes and the like, which is unable to be demoulded in carbon block forming production, and is difficult to clean and maintain regular shape after high temperature pre-baking processing.

[0023] Patent CN208933499U discloses a kind of anode carbon block clamping arm, the mechanism described in the patent completely changes the traditional aluminum guide rod hanging carbon block structure, and sets frame, clamping arm and other structures around carbon block, which is impossible to be used in existing electrolytic cell, and must make great adjustment to the overall structure of electrolytic cell and even the layout of electrolytic workshop. SUMMARY

[0024] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolysis anode, aiming at solving the above technical problems.

[0025] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolysis anode, which comprises an aluminum guide rod, and further comprises:

[0026] A conductive block, the aluminum guide rod is arranged on the top of the conductive block; the lower end of the conductive block is used for connecting with anode carbon block;

[0027] A threaded rod is horizontally arranged in the through hole in the middle of the conductive block; two sections of reverse threads are arranged on the threaded rod, and the reverse threads are respectively located on the two sides of the conductive block;

[0028] A support frame is sleeved on the outer side of the middle part of the conductive block;

[0029] Threaded sleeves are respectively installed on the two sections of reverse threads of the threaded rod;

[0030] A lever is installed at both ends of the support frame, and the middle part of the lever is rotatably connected to the end part of the support frame.

[0031] A top rod is rotatably installed at one end of the threaded sleeve and at the other end of the upper end of the lever.

[0032] A clamping plate is arranged at the lower end of the lever for clamping the anode carbon block.

[0033] When the threaded rod is rotated in the forward or reverse direction, the threaded sleeve is driven to move synchronously to both ends or to move synchronously to the middle, and the clamping plate is driven to clamp or release the anode carbon block.

[0034] Preferably, the upper end of the conductive block is in the shape of a square or a vertical rectangular parallelepiped, and the lower end is in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal platform, the side surface and the bottom surface of which are both flat surfaces for connecting with the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the anode carbon block; the inverted trapezoidal platform is in the structure of a horizontal long strip.

[0035] Preferably, the side surface and the bottom surface of the lower inverted trapezoidal platform of the conductive block are covered with aluminum plates.

[0036] Preferably, the threaded rod is provided with a bolt head at each end.

[0037] Preferably, the lower end of the aluminum guide rod is connected to the top of the conductive block by aluminum-steel explosive welding.

[0038] Preferably, the middle part of the lever is rotatably connected to the end part of the support frame by a pin shaft.

[0039] Preferably, one end of the top rod is rotatably connected to the upper end of the lever by a pin shaft, and the other end is rotatably connected to the threaded sleeve by a pin shaft.

[0040] Preferably, the clamping plate is rotatably connected to the lower end of the lever by a pin shaft.

[0041] Preferably, an anti-slip structure is arranged on the clamping surface of the clamping plate; the anti-slip structure is an array of convex point structures or a mesh structure.

[0042] Preferably, the upper end and the lower end of the conductive block are integrally formed of cast steel material.

[0043] Thanks to the above technical solutions, the present application has the following advantages:

[0044] (1) In the present application, the threaded rod is driven to rotate forward or reverse to drive the threaded sleeve to move along the axial direction of the threaded rod, and the threaded sleeve drives the top rod and lever structure to drive the clamping plate to clamp or release the clamping part of the anode carbon block. In the present application, the threaded rod is arranged along the long direction of the carbon block, which is consistent with the space orientation of the traditional steel beam structure, occupies small space, and uses the lever structure to drive the clamping plate to move, which is simple in structure and is beneficial to reduce the occupied space of the whole mechanism and to ensure that the total height does not exceed the height of the traditional steel beam and steel claw, so it is not necessary to change the existing electrolytic cell structure.

[0045] (2) In the present application, the conductive block is cast as a whole from cast steel material, which ensures that the conductive cross-sectional area of the conductor is not less than that of the traditional steel beam and steel claw, and a through hole through which the threaded rod passes is reserved in the middle part, and the bottom is in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal table, the side and bottom surfaces of the inverted trapezoidal table can be in close contact with the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block to form a large-area conductive surface. The bottom of the conductive block in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal table can also play a guiding role when the conductive block is inserted into the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block, facilitating the assembly and separation of the conductive block and the carbon block. The connection mode between the top of the conductive block and the aluminum guide rod remains the traditional aluminum-steel explosive welding connection, without changing the traditional process.

[0046] (3) The carbon block has a tendency to slide downward and fall due to gravity. In the present application, when the clamping plate is in close contact with the clamping surface of the carbon block, if the carbon block falls to be separated from the conductive block, the threaded rod passing through the middle through hole of the conductive block and the threaded sleeve sleeved on the threaded rod will move upward relative to the carbon block, the threaded sleeve pushes the top rod upward, the top rod pushes the upper end of the lever, and the lower end of the lever connected with the clamping plate moves inward to clamp the carbon block. The present mechanism can convert the gravity of the carbon block into a clamping force on the carbon block itself, so that the present mechanism has the function of the greater the weight of the clamped carbon block, the greater the clamping force, preventing the carbon block from falling.

[0047] (4) In the present application, after the mechanism clamps the carbon block into a high-temperature environment, all components will undergo thermal expansion, the threaded rod will elongate to both ends, the threaded sleeve sleeved on the threaded rod will also separate to both ends along the axial direction of the threaded rod, pushing the top rod, and the thermal expansion effect of the top rod itself also pushes the upper end of the lever, causing the clamping plate connected to the lower end of the lever to clamp the carbon block inward. When the clamping plate has clamped the carbon block and cannot displace inward, the reaction force will pass through the lever and the top rod to the threaded sleeve in the opposite direction, and the downward pressure will be transmitted to the conductive block through the threaded rod, increasing the pressure of the conductive surface between the conductive block and the carbon block. The present mechanism can convert the thermal expansion effect of each component into a clamping force on the carbon block and a pressure on the conductive surface, so that the present mechanism has the function of the greater the heat, the greater the clamping force, and the greater the heat, the greater the pressure on the conductive surface.

[0048] (5) In the present application, all mechanisms are in the upper part of the anode carbon block, not more than the carbon block bowl hole height of the traditional structure, will not contact and partially melt into the high temperature electrolyte solution and aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell, so as not to cause the pollution of aluminum liquid.

[0049] (6) In the present application, the clamping and loosening of the carbon block can be completed by rotating the screw rod at either end in the positive or reverse direction, which can be operated on the spot at any time, and the carbon block can be replaced quickly in the high temperature state, without the need to transport the anode group to a special anode assembly workshop, wait for the old anode group to cool down, break the electrolyte layer, and cause heavy work and dust pollution.

[0050] (7) In the present application, the contact between the conductive block and the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block is a surface contact, which can ensure a good contact area and ensure that the effective contact area is not less than the contact area connected by casting phosphorus pig iron between the original steel claw and the carbon block bowl hole. Moreover, the conductive block has the feature that the hotter the pressure connection, the tighter the connection, and the contact surface always maintains sufficient pressure to ensure good conduction.

[0051] (8) The mechanism provided by the present application does not need to process special shapes such as inner recesses, inner holes, and inner inclined grooves on the side and bottom surfaces of the anode carbon block. Compared with the traditional carbon block, only the shape of the carbon block top surface is adjusted, and the carbon block production only changes the weight of the mold shape of the forming machine, without changing any other carbon block production process and link. Therefore, the production of the new type of carbon block can be easily adjusted, and the process, management, and cost of the carbon block manufacturing plant will not increase.

[0052] (9) The mechanism provided by the present application only innovatively improves the steel beam and steel claw part of the traditional phosphorus pig iron casting structure. The innovative mechanism does not break the space size limit of the traditional structure and does not change the aluminum guide rod connection method. The aluminum guide rod hanging method is still used for the whole anode assembly, and the current distribution and current density of the anode and cathode in the electrolytic cell do not change. The electrolytic cell structure and process are not changed.

[0053] (10) In the present application, the connection and movement of the threaded rod and the threaded sleeve are based on the screw principle, and all other moving parts can be connected by pins. The parts are easy to assemble and disassemble, and the electrolyte erosion, thermal expansion effect, and pin hole allowance do not affect the strength and movement of the mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a front view of an anode assembly in the prior art;

[0056] Figure 2 Left view of an anode assembly in the prior art;

[0057] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the self-weight-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a front view of the conductive block in the self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present invention.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a left view of the conductive block in the self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 This is a top view of the support frame in the self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present invention clamping the anode carbon block.

[0062] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0063] 1-Conductive block; 2-Threaded rod; 201-Bolt head; 3-Threaded sleeve; 4-Top rod; 5-Lever; 6-Clamping plate; 7-Support frame; 8-Aluminum guide rod; 9-Aluminum-steel explosion weld; 10-Anode carbon block. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0066] Example:

[0067] Combination Figures 3 to 6As shown, the self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolysis anode provided by the present application comprises an aluminum guide rod 8, and further comprises: a conductive block 1, the lower end of the aluminum guide rod 8 is connected with the top of the conductive block 1 by means of aluminum steel explosive welding 9; the lower end of the conductive block 1 is used for connecting with an anode carbon block 10; a threaded rod 2 is horizontally arranged in a through hole in the middle of the conductive block 1; two sections of reverse threads are arranged on the threaded rod 2, and the reverse threads are respectively located on the two sides of the conductive block 1; a support frame 7 is sleeved on the outer side of the middle of the conductive block 1; threaded sleeves 3 are respectively installed on the two sections of reverse threads of the threaded rod 2; levers 5 are respectively installed at the two ends of the support frame 7, and the middle of the lever 5 is rotatably connected with the end of the support frame 7; a top rod 4 is rotatably installed at one end on the threaded sleeve 3 and rotatably installed at the other end on the upper end of the lever 5; a clamping plate 6 is arranged at the lower end of the lever 5 and is used for clamping the anode carbon block 10. Specifically, the middle of the lever 5 is rotatably connected with the end of the support frame 7 in a pin shaft mode, and the connected pin shaft is used as a rotating fulcrum. One end of the top rod 4 is rotatably connected with the upper end of the lever 5 in a pin shaft mode, and the other end is rotatably connected with the threaded sleeve 3 in a pin shaft mode. The clamping plate 6 is rotatably connected with the lower end of the lever 5 in a pin shaft mode. When the threaded rod 2 is rotated forward or reversely, the threaded sleeve 3 is driven to move synchronously to the two ends or to the middle along the axial direction of the threaded rod 3, and the clamping plate 6 is driven to press or release the clamping part of the anode carbon block 10 through the linkage structure formed by the top rod 4 and the lever 5.

[0068] In combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in the embodiment, the upper end of the conductive block 1 is in the shape of a square or vertical rectangular parallelepiped, and the lower end is in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal table, the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table are both planes, and are used for connecting with the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the anode carbon block 10. The square or vertical rectangular parallelepiped shape of the upper end of the conductive block 1 and the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower end are integrally formed by casting of cast steel material. The side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower end of the conductive block 1 can be in close contact with the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block, so as to form a large-area conductive surface. The inverted trapezoidal table shape at the bottom of the conductive block 1 can also play a guiding role when the conductive block 1 is inserted into the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block, so as to facilitate the assembly and separation of the conductive block 1 and the carbon block.

[0069] Further, the side surface and the bottom surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the lower end of the conductive block 1 are covered with aluminum plates. When thermal expansion occurs due to temperature rise, the bottom surface and the side surface of the inverted trapezoidal table at the bottom of the conductive block 1 will be extruded to the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the carbon block, and the extrusion deformation of the aluminum plates can enhance the conductive contact effect and strengthen the conductive performance.

[0070] In the embodiment, bolt heads 201 are arranged at both ends of the threaded rod 2. The bolt heads 201 can extend out of the electrolyte covering layer, and a pneumatic wrench (commonly known as "air gun") is sleeved on the bolt head 201 at any one end to operate the threaded rod 2 to rotate forward and reverse, so that the clamping and conducting and loosening and separating functions of the mechanism of the application to the carbon block can be realized.

[0071] In the embodiment, anti-skid structures are arranged on the clamping surfaces of the clamping plates 6. The anti-skid structures are arrayed protruding point structures or net texture structures. The purpose of arranging the anti-skid structures is to increase the friction between the clamping surfaces of the clamping plates 6 and the anode carbon blocks 10, and to enhance the clamping effect.

[0072] The working and clamping principles of the application are as follows:

[0073] In combination with Figure 7 As shown in the figure, in the application, two sections of reverse threads on the threaded rod 2 extend from the middle part of the threaded rod 2 to both ends, and one threaded sleeve 3 is arranged on each section of the reverse threads. When the threaded rod 2 rotates forward or reversely, the two threaded sleeves 3 are driven to move synchronously to both ends or to move synchronously to the middle part. When the two threaded sleeves 3 move synchronously to both ends, the threaded sleeves 3 push the jacks 4, the jacks 4 push the upper ends of the levers 5, the levers 5 rotate around the pin shafts to drive the clamping plates 6 to press the clamping parts of the anode carbon blocks 10. When the two threaded sleeves 3 move synchronously to the middle part, the threaded sleeves 3 pull the jacks 4, the jacks 4 pull the upper ends of the levers 5, and the levers 5 rotate around the pin shafts to drive the clamping plates 6 to loosen the clamping parts of the anode carbon blocks.

[0074] In the application, the anode carbon blocks 10 have a tendency to slide downward and fall due to gravity. When the anode carbon blocks 10 are in the clamped state, the clamping surfaces of the clamping plates 6 are in close contact with the anode carbon blocks 10. If the anode carbon blocks 10 fall to be separated from the conducting block 1, the threaded rod 2 passing through the through hole in the middle part of the conducting block 1 and the threaded sleeves 3 sleeved on the threaded rod 2 will move upward relative to the anode carbon blocks 10 together with the conducting block 1, the threaded sleeves 3 push the jacks 4 upward, the jacks 4 push the upper ends of the levers 5, and the clamping plates 6 connected to the lower ends of the levers 5 move inward to clamp the anode carbon blocks 10. The mechanism can convert the gravity of the anode carbon blocks 10 into a clamping force on the anode carbon blocks 10, so that the mechanism has the function that the heavier the anode carbon blocks 10 are, the greater the clamping force is, and the anode carbon blocks 10 are prevented from falling.

[0075] When the anode carbon block 10 is clamped by the mechanism and enters a high temperature environment, thermal expansion occurs in all components, the threaded rod 2 is elongated to both ends, the threaded sleeve 3 sleeved on the threaded rod 2 is also separated to both ends along the threaded rod 2 in the axial direction, the push rod 4 is pushed, and the thermal expansion effect of the push rod 4 itself pushes the upper end of the lever 5, so that the clamping plate 6 connected to the lower end of the lever 5 clamps the anode carbon block 10 inward. When the clamping plate 6 has clamped the anode carbon block 10 and cannot displace inward, the reaction force will be transmitted to the threaded sleeve 3 downward through the lever 5 and the push rod 4, and the downward pressure is finally transmitted to the conductive block 1 through the threaded rod 2, so that the pressure of the conductive surface of the conductive block 1 and the anode carbon block 10 is increased. The mechanism can convert the thermal expansion effect of each component into clamping force and pressure of the conductive surface of the anode carbon block 10, so that the mechanism has the functions of greater clamping force and greater pressure of the conductive surface of the anode carbon block 10 as the temperature is higher.

[0076] The present application does not make any modification to the electrolytic cell; the conductive performance of the anode assembly is not lower than that of the traditional phosphorus cast iron; the current distribution of the anode and the cathode in the electrolytic cell is not changed; a special anode assembly workshop is no longer needed, and the replacement of the anode carbon block 10 can be operated on the spot near the electrolytic cell in real time, the electrolyte covering layer on the upper part of the old anode carbon block 10 can be reused, the bolt head 201 exposed to the electrolyte layer can be quickly separated by one-key rotation operation in a high temperature state, and the old anode carbon block 10 is replaced by a new anode carbon block 10; after the anode assembly with the new anode carbon block 10 is assembled and returned to the high temperature environment of the electrolytic cell and thermal expansion occurs, the whole mechanism will not be loose, but will be tighter as the temperature is higher; the same size and process of aluminum steel explosive welding 9 are still used to connect the aluminum guide rod 8 and the conductive block 1; the shape of the anode carbon block 10 is not complicatedly changed, only the original top bowl hole boss is changed into a rectangular clamping part and an inverted trapezoidal bowl hole, and the production cost and process difficulty of the anode carbon block 10 are not increased.

[0077] Application example one:

[0078] The present application is tested and innovatively popularized in an aluminum factory. The existing anode carbon block of the aluminum factory has a length of 1700mm, a width of 660mm, a height of 635mm, and a weight of 1.02 tons; the anode carbon block has a bowl hole depth of 115mm (the actual casting depth is 110mm), and is assembled by using four φ160 steel claws in a traditional phosphorus cast iron casting mode. Calculation shows that the conductive contact area of the original phosphorus cast iron casting mode is 4x160x110 = 0.22 square meters; the original steel cross beam and the aluminum guide rod are connected by explosive welding, and the connection cross-sectional area is 185x185 = 0.034 square meters; and the average conduction current of each anode assembly is about 9000A. The anode assembly has an electrolyte layer with a thickness of 300-400mm when it works in the electrolytic cell.

[0079] The process of testing the self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present application is as follows: first, a threaded rod 2 with two reverse threads is prepared by using stainless steel material and tools, with a length of 1680 mm and a diameter of φ50; a threaded sleeve 3 (2 sets), a top rod 4 (2 sets), a lever 5 (2 sets), and a support frame 7 (1 set) are processed by using stainless steel material, the lower end of the lever 5 is connected to a clamping plate 6 (2 sets) by using a pin shaft; then, a conductive block 1 is cast by using waste steel claws owned by the factory, the conductive block 1 is provided with a welded base for aluminum steel explosive welding 9 with an aluminum guide rod 8. After the preparation of the components is completed, the assembly of the entire mechanism is completed according to the structure shown in the accompanying drawings. Figure 3 Compared with the original steel claw and steel beam structure, the current density of all conductive components does not exceed the original density. The contact area of the conductive block and the carbon block is 800*350+800*130*2+350*130*2=0.579㎡, which is greater than the area of the original steel claw of 0.22㎡. After the anode carbon block 10 is assembled to form an anode assembly, it is put into an electrolytic cell for online testing and compared with the anode assembly of the original steel claw structure beside it. The results are as follows: the original anode assembly is in the cell for 33 days, and the new assembly is in the cell for 34 days; the overall average voltage drop of the original assembly is 135 mV, and the overall average voltage drop of the new assembly is 131 mV; the working state of the new assembly is good, and no carbon block falling phenomenon occurs. The test results prove that the practical application effect of the mechanism of the present application is better than that of the original assembly.

[0080] After the anode carbon block 10 is consumed, the new carbon block is lifted out of the electrolytic cell by the electrolytic multifunctional unit in the same way as the original assembly, the reverse rotation of the threaded rod 2 is realized by using a pneumatic socket wrench on the bolt head 201 at one end of the threaded rod 2, the old residual carbon block is separated, and the electrolyte cover layer is still intact and retained on the conductive block 1 and the support frame 7. Then, the self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism provided by the present application is lifted to above the new carbon block by the electrolytic multifunctional unit, and is seated on the new carbon block, the forward rotation of the threaded rod 2 is realized by using a pneumatic socket wrench to clamp the new carbon block, and the carbon block replacement work is completed once, and the new anode assembly immediately returns to the electrolytic cell to start a new working cycle. The entire process of replacing the carbon block is simpler than replacing a tire of a car, and only one bolt head 201 needs to be tightened to complete the replacement. From being lifted out of the electrolytic cell to being replaced with a new carbon block and re-entering the electrolytic cell, it takes about 9 minutes, which is 2-3 minutes longer than the original assembly, but it no longer needs the original series of cumbersome work links of being transported to the anode assembly workshop, greatly reducing the number of spare assemblies, and the management and production personnel of the aluminum plant believe that the additional 2-3 minutes will not adversely affect production, and the value created is huge.

[0081] After testing, the aluminum plant believes that the fastening conductive mechanism provided by the present application is completely reliable and feasible, and has high comprehensive benefits. Now the plant has made plans to gradually eliminate the original steel claw casting and assembly method, and replace it with the fastening conductive mechanism provided by the present application.

[0082] Example 2:

[0083] Another aluminum electrolysis plant also carried out a trial test. The plant's anode carbon block length is 1550 mm, width is 600 mm, and height is 630 mm; the carbon block bowl hole depth is 115 mm (actual casting depth is 110 mm), and the anode assembly is assembled using the traditional phosphorus pig iron casting method with 3 φ160 steel claws, and the calculation shows that the original phosphorus pig iron casting method's conductive contact area is 3 x 160 x pi x 110 = 0.165 m2; the original steel beam and aluminum guide rod are connected by explosive welding, and the connection cross-sectional area is 165 x 165 = 0.027 m2; the average conduction current of each anode assembly is about 7000 A. When the anode assembly works in the electrolytic cell, the thickness of the electrolyte layer covering it is 250-350 mm.

[0084] The process of the trial test using the fastening conductive mechanism provided by the present application is as follows: first, a threaded rod 2 with two reverse threads is prepared using stainless steel material and tools, with a length of 1530 mm and a diameter of φ50; a threaded sleeve 3 (2 sets), a top rod 4 (2 sets), a lever 5 (2 sets), and a support frame 7 (1 set) are processed using stainless steel material, the lower end of the lever 5 is connected to a clamping plate 6 (2 sets) using a pin shaft; then, a conductive block 1 is melted and cast using the plant's own waste steel claws, and the conductive block 1 is provided with a welded base for aluminum-steel explosive welding 9 with an aluminum guide rod 8. After the components are prepared, the entire mechanism is assembled according to the structure shown in the accompanying drawings. Figure 3 Compared with the original steel claw and steel beam structure, the current density of all conductive components does not exceed the original density. The contact area between the conductive pressure plate and the carbon block is 650 x 300 + 650 x 120 x 2 + 300 x 120 x 2 = 0.42 m2, which is greater than the original steel claw area of 0.165 m2. After the anode carbon block 10 is assembled, a new anode assembly is formed, which enters the electrolytic cell for online trial and comparison with the original steel claw structure anode assembly next to it, and the results are as follows: the original anode assembly in the cell cycle is 31 days, and the new assembly in the cell cycle is 31 days; the overall average voltage drop of the original assembly is 131 mV, and the overall average voltage drop of the new assembly is 128 mV; the new assembly works well and does not fall off. The trial results prove that the practical application effect of the mechanism of the present application is better than that of the original assembly.

[0085] After the carbon block of the new assembly is consumed, the old carbon block is separated from the threaded rod 2 by using the pneumatic socket wrench to loosen the bolt head 201 at one end of the threaded rod 2, and then the electrolytic multifunctional unit is used to lift the new carbon block to above the old carbon block, and the threaded rod 2 is tightened to clamp the new carbon block, and the work of replacing the carbon block is completed. The new anode assembly immediately returns to the electrolytic tank to start a new work cycle. From the electrolytic tank to the replacement of the new carbon block and re-entry into the electrolytic tank, it takes about 10 minutes, which is 2-3 minutes longer than the replacement time of the original assembly. However, a series of cumbersome work links of the original transport to the anode assembly workshop are no longer needed, and the number of spare assemblies is greatly reduced.

[0086] Through experiments, the aluminum plant believes that the technology of the present application is completely reliable and feasible, and has high comprehensive benefits. Now the plant has submitted a technical improvement application report to the superior management department, and requires to gradually eliminate the original steel claw casting assembly method, and replace it with the fastening and conducting mechanism provided by the present application.

[0087] The above-described preferred embodiments of the present application are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structural transformation, direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, or the like within the inventive concept of the present application, using the content of the present application specification and drawings, are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A weight-bearing, self-supporting, thermally expanding conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes, comprising an aluminum guide rod (8), characterized in that, Also includes: Conductive block (1), the aluminum guide rod (8) is disposed on the top of conductive block (1); the lower end of conductive block (1) is used to connect with anode carbon block; A threaded rod (2) is horizontally inserted through the through hole in the middle of the conductive block (1); two reverse threads are provided on the threaded rod (2), and the reverse threads are located on both sides of the conductive block (1); A support frame (7) is fitted around the middle outer side of the conductive block (1); Threaded sleeves (3) are respectively installed on the two reverse threads of the threaded rod (2); Lever (5) is installed at both ends of the support frame (7), and the middle part of the lever (5) is rotatably connected to the end of the support frame (7); The push rod (4) is rotatably mounted on the threaded sleeve (3) at one end and rotatably mounted on the upper end of the lever (5) at the other end. A clamping plate (6) is provided at the lower end of the lever (5) for clamping the anode carbon block; When the threaded rod (2) rotates in the forward or reverse direction, it drives the threaded sliding sleeve (3) to move synchronously to both ends or synchronously move towards the middle, thereby causing the clamping plate (6) to clamp or loosen the anode carbon block.

2. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the conductive block (1) is in the shape of a cube or a vertical cuboid, and the lower end is in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal platform. The side and bottom surfaces of the inverted trapezoidal platform are both flat and are used to connect with the inverted trapezoidal bowl hole at the top of the anode carbon block.

3. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The sides and bottom of the inverted trapezoidal platform at the bottom of the conductive block (1) are covered with aluminum plates.

4. The self-weight-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Bolt heads (201) are provided at both ends of the threaded rod (2).

5. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the aluminum guide rod (8) is connected to the top of the conductive block (1) by aluminum-steel explosion welding (9).

6. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the lever (5) is rotatably connected to the end of the support frame (7) by means of a pin.

7. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the top rod (4) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the lever (5) by means of a pin; the other end is rotatably connected to the threaded sleeve (3) by means of a pin.

8. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp (6) and the lower end of the lever (5) are rotatably connected by a pin.

9. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An anti-slip structure is provided on the clamping surface of the clamping plate (6); the anti-slip structure is an array of distributed protrusions or a mesh structure.

10. The self-weight self-supporting thermal expansion conductive mechanism for assembling aluminum electrolytic anodes as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the conductive block (1) are integrally formed structures cast from cast steel.

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