An integrated bolt for drilling and anchor inspection in coal mines and its anchoring method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated bolt for drilling and anchor inspection in coal mines, which includes a hollow bolt body, a joint, a torque nut, a sleeve and a drill bit; the torque nut and the drill bit are respectively arranged at both ends of the bolt body, a backing plate is arranged outside the bolt body, the backing plate is closely attached to the torque nut, the sleeve is arranged inside the bolt body, and a first gap is formed between the outer wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the bolt body, and a resin cartridge is arranged inside the sleeve; the present invention also discloses an anchoring method for the integrated bolt for drilling and anchor inspection in coal mines, which includes steps such as drilling a bolt hole, fixing the bolt, and reinforcing the backing plate. The bolt of the present invention cools the inside and outside of the drill bit with low-pressure water respectively, improves the cooling efficiency of the drill bit and avoids overheating of the drill bit. At the same time, the resin is extruded into the bolt hole by high-pressure water to complete the fixing of the bolt. After the bolt is fixed, the backing plate is tightened outside the bolt hole by applying torque, and whether the bolt reaches the expected fixing effect can also be inspected during the tightening process of the backing plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anchor bolts, and particularly to an integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection anchor bolt for coal mines and its anchoring method. Background Art

[0002] At present, resin-anchored metal anchor bolts are commonly used for the support of coal mine roadways. The installation process is as follows:

[0003] 1. Drill anchor bolt holes on the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the design. The drilling is carried out using an MQT-120 pneumatic anchor bolt drill or a 7665 pneumatic drill.

[0004] 2. Fill 1 - 2 ordinary roll resin cartridges into the anchor bolt holes and push them to the bottom of the holes with the anchor bolt.

[0005] 3. After the resin cartridges reach the bottom of the holes, use a pneumatic coal drill with a special sleeve to clamp the anchor bolt nut, and start the drill to stir the resin cartridges at a torque of 120 N·m for 30 - 45 seconds, and then wait for 5 - 10 seconds before removing.

[0006] 4. After the resin cartridges solidify for about 10 minutes, use a pneumatic coal drill with a torque amplifier to tighten the nut at a torque of 400 N·m until the nut damping plug is opened, and at this time, apply a pre-tightening force to the anchor bolt.

[0007] The above installation process has the following deficiencies: Drilling, resin filling, and anchor bolt anchoring are carried out in multiple steps, and continuous operation is not possible, resulting in low anchoring efficiency; moreover, after the drill rod drills the hole, the anchor bolt needs to be withdrawn from the hole, which requires the tunnel size to be large enough. Traditional coal mine roadways cannot meet the size requirements and need to be expanded, increasing costs and risks. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection anchor bolt for coal mines and its anchoring method. By cooling the inside and outside of the drill bit with low-pressure water respectively, the cooling efficiency of the drill bit is improved to avoid overheating of the drill bit. At the same time, high-pressure water is used to extrude the resin into the anchor bolt hole to complete the fixation of the anchor bolt. After the anchor bolt is fixed, a torque is applied to tighten the backing plate outside the anchor bolt hole, and the process of tightening the backing plate can also be used to check whether the anchor bolt reaches the expected fixation effect. The whole device is mechanized for anchoring, without the need to extract the drill rod multiple times, and the anchoring can be completed with a single hole drilling, with high anchoring efficiency.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] An integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection anchor bolt for coal mines, comprising a hollow anchor bolt body, a joint, a torque nut, a sleeve, and a drill bit;

[0011] The torque nut and the drill bit are respectively arranged at two ends of the anchor rod body. A backing plate is arranged outside the anchor rod body, and the backing plate is closely attached to the torque nut. The sleeve is arranged inside the anchor rod body, and a first gap is formed between the outer wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the anchor rod body. A resin cartridge is arranged inside the sleeve;

[0012] The joint includes an outer connection and an inner connection arranged coaxially. A second gap is formed between the inner connection and the outer connection. The first gap is communicated with the second gap to form a low-pressure water channel communicated with the cooling hole of the drill bit. The outer connection is arranged outside the torque nut, and a stepped limiting groove is arranged inside the outer connection. The retaining piece of the torque nut is closely attached to the limiting groove; The inner connection is provided with a through hole and the inner connection extends into the sleeve. A sealing piston is arranged between the resin cartridge and the inner connection. A grease injection channel is formed between one end of the sleeve far away from the sealing piston and the cooling hole of the drill bit.

[0013] Further, one end of the sleeve close to the drill bit is provided with a connector. One end of the connector extends into the sleeve, and a tool is arranged at the end of the connector extending into the sleeve; The two ends of the connector are communicated.

[0014] Further, a stepped hole is arranged inside the connector, and the tool is arranged in the hole with a larger diameter.

[0015] The tool includes a connecting plate and at least two blades. A clamping hole coaxial with the stepped hole is arranged in the middle of the connecting plate. The blades are vertically connected to the connecting plate, and the blades are arranged in a staggered manner with the clamping hole. A sealing layer is arranged at the end of the connector far away from the tool.

[0016] Further, one end of the sleeve close to the drill bit is provided with a flared mouth. The flared mouth includes a frustum-shaped gradual change section and a cylindrical connecting section. The diameter of the connecting section is smaller than the diameter of the sleeve;

[0017] The drill bit is connected to the anchor rod body through an adapter. The adapter includes an anchor connection section and a drill connection section. The anchor connection section is arranged inside the anchor rod body, and the drill connection section is connected to the drill bit; The adapter internally is provided with a first hole, a second hole and a third hole which are sequentially reduced in size and communicated. The first hole and the second hole are arranged in the anchor connection section and the first hole is close to the connector. The third hole is arranged in the drill connection section. Water-passing teeth are arranged on the end face of the first hole close to the connector. At least one water-passing groove is arranged on the hole wall of the second hole;

[0018] The flared mouth is arranged in the first hole, and the gradual change section of the flared mouth abuts against the hole wall of the first hole. A sealing ring is movably sleeved outside the connecting section; One end of the connector far away from the tool extends into the second hole, and a gap for low-pressure water to pass through is arranged between the end face of the connector far away from the tool and the interface between the second hole and the third hole;

[0019] The low-pressure water passage communicates with the cooling holes on the drill bit through the gap between the first hole and the casing, the gap between the second hole and the connector, and the third hole. The inside of the casing communicates with the cooling holes on the drill bit through the stepped hole of the connector.

[0020] Furthermore, a mixer is provided in the small-diameter section of the stepped hole.

[0021] An anchoring method based on an integrated bolt for coal mine drilling and anchoring inspection includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Drilling the bolt hole: Set the connector outside the torque nut. The connector abuts against the washer of the torque nut. The connector rotates synchronously with the bolt body. The rotation of the bolt body drives the drill bit to drill holes until the bolt body reaches the position. Low-pressure water flows out from the cooling holes of the drill bit through the low-pressure water passage to cool and lubricate the drill bit. The torque when the bolt body rotates is M1, and the maximum torque that the bolt body can withstand when fixed is N1, and M1 < N1.

[0023] S2. Bolt fixing: Stop the supply of low-pressure water. Send high-pressure water through the inner part of the connector. The high-pressure water enters the casing and presses the sealing piston. The sealing piston presses the resin cartridge. The resin in the resin cartridge is extruded into the bolt hole through the grease injection passage to fix the bolt body.

[0024] S3. Reinforcing with a backing plate: The connector retreats so that the distance between the limiting groove and the washer of the torque nut is a. Apply a torque of M1 to the bolt body. The torque nut rotates to break the washer and press the backing plate tightly outside the bolt hole.

[0025] Furthermore, the following steps are also included in step S2:

[0026] S21. Crushing the resin cartridge: The sealing piston presses the resin cartridge to move towards the cutter. After the resin cartridge contacts the cutter, its outer skin is broken, and the resin in the resin cartridge is extruded through the breakage opening.

[0027] Furthermore, the following steps are also included in step S21:

[0028] S211. The iron head at the end of the resin cartridge contacts the clamping hole. The cutter breaks the outer skin of the resin cartridge. The resin in the resin cartridge is extruded through the breakage opening. After the resin breaks through the sealing layer, it is discharged through the cooling holes of the drill bit.

[0029] Furthermore, the following steps are also included in step S1:

[0030] S11. The low-pressure water enters the low-pressure passage, between the connector and the adapter in sequence, and then enters the drill bit cooling holes after passing through the adapter.

[0031] The following steps are also included after step S211:

[0032] S212. After the resin is extruded into the sealing layer, it flows into the first hole to extrude the sealing ring, and the sealing ring moves to the tapered section to block the low-pressure water channel.

[0033] Further, the step S211 further includes the following steps:

[0034] S2111. The resin enters the stepped hole, is mixed by the mixer, and then is discharged from the cooling hole of the drill bit.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] 1) The anchor bolt of the present invention cools the inside and outside of the drill bit with low-pressure water respectively, improves the cooling efficiency of the drill bit to avoid overheating of the drill bit, and at the same time extrudes the resin into the anchor bolt hole with high-pressure water to complete the fixation of the anchor bolt. After the anchor bolt is fixed, the backing plate is tightened outside the anchor bolt hole by applying torque. The tightening process of the backing plate can also check whether the anchor bolt reaches the expected fixation effect. The whole device is mechanized for anchoring, without repeatedly extracting the drill rod, and the anchoring can be completed by drilling a hole once, with high anchoring efficiency.

[0037] 2) The provided connector can prevent the outer skin of the resin roll from entering the grease injection channel during the resin roll breakage process, causing blockage, and at the same time can prevent the iron head at the end of the resin roll from entering the anchor bolt hole and affecting the anchoring effect.

[0038] 3) The provided adapter is used in cooperation with the connector and the sealing ring to ensure the separation of the resin channel and the low-pressure water channel. The low-pressure water does not enter the resin roll to affect the quality of the resin roll, and the resin does not enter the low-pressure water channel when being pushed out, ensuring the maximum utilization rate of the resin.

[0039] 4) The provided mixer can fully mix the resin when the resin is pushed out of the sleeve, ensure the mixing degree of the two resins, and improve the fixation effect of the anchor bolt body. Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the integrated drill-anchor inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is the cross-sectional view of the integrated drill-anchor inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the enlarged schematic view of the partial area A in

[0043] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the connector of the integrated drill-anchor inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0044] Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the connector of the integrated drill-anchor inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the relative position structure between the joint and the nut of the integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adapter of the integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the adapter of the integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0048] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the adapter of the integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection bolt for coal mines in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] In the figure, 1, bolt body; 2, joint; 3, torque nut; 4, sleeve; 5, drill bit; 6, backing plate; 7, resin cartridge; 8, external connection; 9, internal connection; 10, limit groove; 11, connector; 12, tool; 13, connecting plate; 14, blade; 15, clamping hole; 16, sealing layer; 17, flared mouth; 18, tapered section; 19, connecting section; 20, adapter; 21, anchoring section; 22, drilling section; 23, first hole; 24, second hole; 25, third hole; 26, water-passing teeth; 27, water-passing groove; 28, mixer; 29, sealing ring; 30, sealing piston; 31, retaining piece. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] Refer to Figures 1 - 9 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0052] Embodiment:

[0053] As Figures 1 - 9 shown, an integrated drilling, anchoring and inspection bolt for coal mines includes a hollow bolt body 1, a joint 2, a torque nut 3, a sleeve 4 and a drill bit 5;

[0054] As Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the torque nut 3 and the drill bit 5 are respectively arranged at both ends of the anchor rod body 1. A backing plate 6 is arranged outside the anchor rod body 1, and the backing plate 6 is closely attached to the torque nut 3. The sleeve 4 is arranged inside the anchor rod body 1, and a first gap is formed between the outer wall of the sleeve 4 and the inner wall of the anchor rod body 1. A resin cartridge 7 is arranged inside the sleeve 4;

[0055] As Figure 2 and Figure 6 shown, the joint 2 includes an outer connection 8 and an inner connection 9 arranged coaxially. A second gap is formed between the inner connection 9 and the outer connection 8. The first gap and the second gap are communicated to form a low-pressure water channel communicated with the cooling hole of the drill bit 5. The outer connection 8 is arranged outside the torque nut 3, and a stepped limit groove 10 is arranged inside the outer connection 8. The retaining piece 31 of the torque nut 3 is closely attached to the limit groove 10; The inner connection 9 is provided with a through hole and the inner connection 9 extends into the sleeve 4. A sealing piston 30 is arranged between the resin cartridge 7 and the inner connection 9. A grease injection channel is formed between one end of the sleeve 4 away from the sealing piston 30 and the cooling hole of the drill bit 5.

[0056] Among them, the joint 2 and the torque nut 3 are in clearance fit. The torque nut 3 is of a hexagonal structure. A hexagonal mating groove is arranged inside the outer connection 8 of the joint 2 to meet the installation of the joint 2 and the torque nut 3. A sealing rubber ring is arranged on the sealing piston 30.

[0057] Here, the drill bit 5 is connected to the screw through an internal thread of the screw, and the screw is correspondingly provided with a through hole for water supply.

[0058] Among them, Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 the directions indicated by the arrows in each figure respectively represent: (1) D represents: the flow direction of low-pressure water; (2) G represents: the flow direction of high-pressure water; (3) S represents: the flow direction of resin.

[0059] Among them, Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 in the figure, between the sleeve and the anchor rod body, between the adapter and the anchor rod body, the torque nut. The curve inside it is an internal thread (the anchor rod body is a hollow anchor rod, and an internal thread is arranged inside it).

[0060] Working principle: When the anchor rod body 1 drills, the joint 2 rotates synchronously with the anchor rod, and the rotation driving mechanism can be but is not limited to being directly connected to the joint 2. During the drilling process, low-pressure water is fed into the second gap between the external connection 8 and the internal connection 9. After the low-pressure water enters the first gap through the second gap, it is discharged from the cooling holes on the drill bit 5. When the low-pressure water enters the drill bit 5, it cools the inside of the drill bit 5. When the low-pressure water is discharged from the cooling holes, it cools the outside of the drill bit 5 and lubricates the drill bit 5 at the same time. By cooling the inside and outside of the drill bit 5 simultaneously, the cooling rate of the drill bit 5 is increased, the drilling effect is ensured, and the damage rate of the drill bit 5 is reduced. The torque applied to the anchor rod body 1 during the drilling process of the drill bit 5 is M1, and the maximum torque that the anchor rod body 1 can withstand when fixed is N1. (During drilling, the thrust borne by the retaining piece 31 is transmitted to the joint 2 and borne by the joint 2. And during drilling, the joint 2 abuts against the retaining piece 31. Therefore, the maximum value of the applied torque M1 is only related to the bearing limit of the joint 2, and there is no need to worry about the excessive torque M1 applied during drilling damaging the torsion nut 3).

[0061] After the anchor rod body 1 drills in place, high-pressure water is injected into the casing 4 through the through hole of the internal connection 9. The high-pressure water squeezes the sealing piston 30, and the sealing piston 30 moves towards the drill bit 5 under the action of the high pressure. When the sealing piston 30 acts, it squeezes the resin cartridge 7. The resin cartridge 7 breaks through the outer skin under the pressure, and the resin inside it flows out from the cooling holes on the drill bit 5, and then fills between the anchor rod body 1 and the anchor hole to reinforce the anchor rod body 1.

[0062] After the resin solidifies, the joint 2 retreats so that the distance between the limit groove 10 and the retaining piece 31 of the torsion nut 3 is a, and the torque M1 of the same magnitude is continuously applied. At this time, since the retaining piece 31 of the torsion nut 3 is not limited by the joint 2, all the thrust generated when the nut rotates is borne by the retaining piece 31, and this thrust causes the retaining piece 31 to disengage from the torsion nut 3. At this time, the torsion nut 3 screws into the anchor rod under the action of the torque, and then presses the backing plate 6 tightly outside the anchor hole. In this process, the anchoring effect of the anchor rod can be tested. For example, when M1 is greater than N1, the anchor rod moves with the torque M1, indicating that the resin has not completely solidified and the fixing effect does not meet the requirements. When the resin is completely fixed, N1 is greater than M1, and the applied torque M1 will not drive the anchor rod at this time.

[0063] The anchor rod of the present invention cools the inside and outside of the drill bit 5 respectively through low-pressure water, improves the cooling efficiency of the drill bit 5 to avoid overheating of the drill bit 5. At the same time, the resin is squeezed into the anchor hole through high-pressure water to complete the fixation of the anchor rod. After the anchor rod is fixed, the backing plate 6 is tightened outside the anchor hole by applying torque. The tightening process of the backing plate 6 can also test whether the anchor rod reaches the expected fixing effect. This device is fully mechanized for anchoring, without the need to extract the drill rod multiple times, and the anchoring can be completed by drilling a hole once, with high anchoring efficiency.

[0064] Further, as Figures 2 - 6One end of the described casing 4 close to the drill bit 5 is provided with a connector 11. One end of the connector 11 extends into the interior of the casing 4, and a tool 12 is provided at the end of the connector 11 extending into the casing 4; both ends of the connector 11 are communicated.

[0065] A stepped hole is provided inside the connector 11, and the tool 12 is arranged in the hole with a larger diameter.

[0066] The tool 12 includes a connecting plate 13 and two blades 14. A clamping hole 15 coaxial with the stepped hole is provided in the middle of the connecting plate 13. The connecting plate is connected to the inner wall of the connector. A gap for resin to pass through is provided between the connecting plate and the inner wall of the connector. The blade 14 is vertically connected to the connecting plate 13, and the blade 14 is arranged offset from the clamping hole 15. A sealing layer 16 is provided at the port of the end of the connector 11 away from the tool 12.

[0067] When the high-pressure water pushes the resin roll 7, the iron head at the end of the resin roll 7 (the iron head is a fixed iron ring, which is prior art and will not be elaborated here. The iron head of the resin roll first enters the gap between the two blades, and the iron head abuts against the clamping hole) is clamped by the clamping hole 15 to prevent the iron head from entering the stepped hole and causing blockage. The number of blades 14 is two, and the two blades 14 are located on both sides of the clamping hole 15. When the resin roll 7 is pushed over, the iron head is limited by the clamping hole 15 and at the same time provides an abutting surface, and the two blades 14 respectively crush the side surface of the resin roll 7. The outer skin of the resin roll 7 opens under the action of the two blades 14, and the inner resin flows out from the opening and finally enters the hole with a smaller diameter of the stepped hole. Under the continuous pressure action, the sealing layer 16 is squeezed and broken, and then the resin enters the third hole 25 and finally enters the anchor hole through the cooling hole on the drill bit 5. The sealing layer 16 is tinfoil paper. The function of the provided sealing layer 16 is to prevent low-pressure water from entering the interior of the casing 4 through the gap between the second hole 24 and the connector 11.

[0068] The provided connector 11 can prevent the outer skin of the resin roll 7 from entering the grease injection channel and causing blockage during the process of the resin roll 7 breaking, and at the same time can prevent the iron head at the end of the resin roll 7 from entering the anchor hole and affecting the anchoring effect.

[0069] Further, as Figure 2 and Figures 7 - 9 shown, one end of the casing 4 close to the drill bit 5 is provided with a flared mouth 17. The flared mouth 17 includes a frustum-shaped gradual change section 18 and a cylindrical connecting section 19. The diameter of the connecting section 19 is smaller than the diameter of the casing 4.

[0070] The drill bit 5 is connected to the bolt body 1 through an adapter 20. The adapter 20 includes an anchoring section 21 and a drilling connection section. The anchoring section 21 is arranged inside the bolt body 1 (wherein, the anchoring section 21 is threadedly connected to the internal thread of the bolt body 1), and the drilling connection section 22 is connected to the drill bit 5. The adapter 20 is internally provided with a first hole 23, a second hole 24 and a third hole 25 that are sequentially reduced in size and communicated. The first hole 23 and the second hole 24 are arranged in the anchoring section 21 and the first hole 23 is close to the connector 11. The third hole 25 is arranged in the drilling connection section. The end face of the first hole 23 close to the connector 11 is provided with water passing teeth 26, and at least one water passing groove 27 is arranged on the hole wall of the second hole 24.

[0071] The flared opening 17 is arranged in the first hole 23, and the tapered section 18 of the flared opening 17 abuts against the hole wall of the first hole 23. A sealing ring 29 is movably sleeved outside the connecting section 19. One end of the connector 11 away from the tool 12 extends into the second hole 24, and a gap for low-pressure water to pass through is arranged between the end face of the one end of the connector 11 away from the tool 12 and the interface between the second hole 24 and the third hole 25. Among them, the flared opening 17 and the sleeve 4 are of an integral structure.

[0072] The low-pressure water channel is communicated with the cooling holes on the drill bit 5 through the gap between the first hole 23 and the sleeve 4, the gap between the second hole 24 and the connector 11, and the third hole 25. The inside of the sleeve 4 is communicated with the cooling holes on the drill bit 5 through the stepped hole of the connector 11.

[0073] Among them, the first hole 23 of the adapter 20 abuts against the outside of the tapered section 18. The adapter 20 is arranged in this way to fix the sleeve 4.

[0074] In the process of the resin entering the third hole 25, the resin first pushes the sealing ring 29 through the gap for low-pressure water to pass through. The sealing ring 29 moves towards the joint 2, and then is clamped at the tapered section 18 of the flared opening 17, playing a role in cutting off the low-pressure water channel. At this time, due to the effect of the sealing ring 29, the resin can be prevented from entering the low-pressure water channel, resulting in resin waste.

[0075] At the drill bit 5 end, the low-pressure water channel and the grease injection channel share the channel formed by the third hole 25 and the cooling holes on the drill bit 5, reducing the complexity of the bolt structure. At the same time, it is ensured that both the low-pressure water and the resin come out from the same outlet. For the low-pressure water, the cooling and lubrication effects of the drill bit 5 can be enhanced. For the resin, the resin filling space can be maximized, ensuring the bolt fixing effect.

[0076] The arranged adapter 20 is used in cooperation with the connector 11 and the sealing ring 29 to ensure that the resin channel and the low-pressure water channel are separated from each other. The low-pressure water does not enter the resin roll 7 to affect the quality of the resin roll 7, and the resin does not enter the low-pressure water channel when being pushed out, ensuring the maximum utilization rate of the resin.

[0077] Further, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, a mixer 28 is provided in the small-diameter section of the stepped hole. The resin enters the stepped hole, is mixed by the mixer 28, and then is discharged from the cooling holes of the drill bit 5. After passing through the mixer 28, the resin can improve the mixing degree of the two resins in the resin roll 7, thereby improving the fixing effect. Among them, the mixer can be, but is not limited to, an AB glue mixer.

[0078] The provided mixer 28 can fully mix the resin when the resin is pushed out of the sleeve 4, ensure the mixing degree of the two resins, and improve the fixing effect of the bolt body 1.

[0079] Embodiment 2:

[0080] An anchoring method for an integrated bolt for coal mine drilling and anchor inspection includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. Drilling a bolt hole: The joint 2 is arranged outside the torque nut 3, the joint 2 abuts against the retaining piece 31 of the torque nut 3, the joint 2 rotates synchronously with the bolt body 1, and the rotation of the bolt body 1 drives the drill bit 5 to drill holes until the bolt body 1 is in place; low-pressure water flows out of the cooling holes of the drill bit 5 from the low-pressure water channel to cool and lubricate the drill bit 5; the torque when the bolt body 1 rotates is M1, and the maximum torque that the bolt body 1 can withstand when fixed is N1, and M1 < N1;

[0082] S11. The low-pressure water sequentially enters the low-pressure channel, between the connector 11 and the adapter 20, and then enters the cooling holes of the drill bit 5 after passing through the adapter 20;

[0083] S2. Bolt fixing: Stop supplying the low-pressure water, and send high-pressure water through the internal connection 9 of the joint 2. The high-pressure water enters the sleeve 4 and squeezes the sealing piston 30. The sealing piston 30 squeezes the resin roll 7, and the resin in the resin roll 7 is extruded into the bolt hole through the grease injection channel to fix the bolt body 1;

[0084] S21. Resin roll 7 crushing: The sealing piston 30 squeezes the resin roll 7 to move towards the tool 12. After the resin roll 7 contacts the tool 12, the outer skin is broken, and the resin in the resin roll 7 is extruded from the break.

[0085] S211. The iron head at the end of the resin roll 7 contacts the card hole 15, the blade 14 breaks the outer skin of the resin roll 7, and the resin in the resin roll 7 is extruded from the break. After the resin breaks through the sealing layer 16, it is discharged from the cooling holes of the drill bit 5.

[0086] S2111. The resin enters the stepped hole, is mixed by the mixer 28, and then is discharged from the cooling holes of the drill bit 5.

[0087] S212 , after the resin is squeezed out of the sealing layer 16 , it flows into the first hole 23 and squeezes the sealing ring 29 . The sealing ring 29 moves to the gradient section 18 to block the low-pressure water channel.

[0088] S3. Reinforce the pad 6: Move the joint 2 back so that the distance between the limit groove 10 and the baffle 31 of the torque nut 3 is a, apply a torque of M1 to the anchor body 1, the torque nut 3 rotates to break the baffle 31 and tighten the pad 6 to the outside of the anchor hole.

[0089] During operation, the joint 2 rotates synchronously with the torque nut 3 and the anchor body 1. As the anchor body 1 rotates, low-pressure water enters the first gap through the second gap. It then passes through the gap between the connector 11 and the sleeve 4, the water-passing teeth 26, the water-passing groove 27, the gap between the second hole 24 and the connector 11, and the third hole 25, before being discharged through the cooling holes in the drill bit 5. During this process, the low-pressure water cools both the interior and exterior of the drill bit 5, and lubricates the drill bit 5, preventing the working part of the drill bit 5 from being unable to cool.

[0090] After the drill bit 5 is drilled into place, high-pressure water is introduced into the through hole of the inner connection 9. The high-pressure water pushes the sealing piston 30 toward the drill bit 5. The sealing piston 30 squeezes the resin roll 7, and the iron head end of the resin roll 7 is stuck in the clamping hole 15. The outer skin of the resin roll 7 is cut by the two blades 14. The resin in the resin roll 7 flows out through the cut edge, and the outflowing resin breaks through the sealing layer 16 under the action of pressure. The vertical force that breaks out of the sealing layer 16 pushes the sealing ring 29 toward the joint 2, thereby clamping the sealing ring 29 on the gradient section 18, making the sealing ring 29 act as a one-way valve to prevent the resin from entering the low-pressure water channel. After the sealing ring 29 is clamped, all the remaining resin is discharged from the third hole 25 through the cooling hole on the drill bit 5 and into the anchor hole. In order to ensure the mixing effect of the two resins in the resin roll 7, a mixer 28 is set in the small diameter hole of the step hole. After passing through the mixer 28, the resin can be mixed more fully and evenly.

[0091] After the resin solidifies, the joint 2 moves back so that the distance between the limit groove 10 and the baffle 31 of the torque nut 3 is a. At this point, the joint 2 no longer presses against the baffle 31 (i.e., the thrust generated by the torque at the nut is fully borne by the baffle 31). The torque M1 continues to be applied, and the baffle 31 disengages from the torque nut 3 when the nut is under force. The torque nut 3 can now rotate around the anchor rod (the anchor rod is fixed by the resin), and the torque nut 3 presses the pad 6 against the outside of the anchor rod hole during rotation, thus completing the entire anchoring process. During the process of the baffle disengaging from the torque nut, if the anchor rod is unstable or does not meet the specified requirements, such as it needs to withstand a torque of at least M2, the applied M1 is equal to M2. If this is not achieved, the anchor rod will rotate synchronously with the nut, and the baffle will not disengage. Based on this, it is possible to verify whether the anchor rod meets the fixing requirements.

[0092] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be changed within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge in related fields. Any changes and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated bolt for drilling and anchor inspection in coal mines, characterized in that: It includes a hollow anchor rod body, a joint, a torque nut, a sleeve and a drill bit; The torque nut and the drill bit are respectively arranged at both ends of the anchor rod body. A backing plate is arranged outside the anchor rod body, and the backing plate is closely attached to the torque nut. The sleeve is arranged inside the anchor rod body, and a first gap is formed between the outer wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the anchor rod body. A resin cartridge is arranged inside the sleeve; The joint includes an outer connection and an inner connection arranged coaxially. A second gap is formed between the inner connection and the outer connection. The first gap is communicated with the second gap to form a low-pressure water channel communicated with the cooling hole of the drill bit. The outer connection is arranged outside the torque nut, and a stepped limiting groove is arranged inside the outer connection. The retaining piece of the torque nut is closely attached to the limiting groove; The inner connection is provided with a through hole and the inner connection extends into the sleeve. A sealing piston is arranged between the resin cartridge and the inner connection. A grease injection channel is formed between the end of the sleeve far from the sealing piston and the cooling hole of the drill bit; One end of a connector is arranged at the end of the sleeve close to the drill bit. One end of the connector extends into the sleeve, and a tool is arranged at the end of the connector extending into the sleeve; The two ends of the connector are communicated; A stepped hole is arranged inside the connector, and the tool is arranged in the hole with a larger diameter; The tool includes a connecting plate and at least two blades. A clamping hole coaxial with the stepped hole is arranged in the middle of the connecting plate. The blades are vertically connected to the connecting plate, and the blades are arranged in a staggered manner with the clamping hole. A sealing layer is arranged at the end of the connector far from the tool; A flared opening is arranged at the end of the sleeve close to the drill bit. The flared opening includes a frustum-shaped gradual change section and a cylindrical connecting section. The diameter of the connecting section is smaller than the diameter of the sleeve; The drill bit is connected to the anchor rod body through an adapter. The adapter includes an anchor connection section and a drill connection section. The anchor connection section is arranged inside the anchor rod body, and the drill connection section is connected to the drill bit; A first hole, a second hole and a third hole which are sequentially reduced in size and communicated are arranged inside the adapter. The first hole and the second hole are arranged in the anchor connection section and the first hole is close to the connector. The third hole is arranged in the drill connection section. Water-passing teeth are arranged on the end face of the first hole close to the connector. At least one water-passing groove is arranged on the hole wall of the second hole; The flared opening is arranged in the first hole, and the gradual change section of the flared opening abuts against the hole wall of the first hole. A sealing ring is movably sleeved outside the connecting section; One end of the connector far from the tool extends into the second hole, and a gap for low-pressure water to pass through is arranged between the end face of the connector far from the tool and the interface between the second hole and the third hole; The low-pressure water channel is communicated with the sleeve through the gap between the first hole, the gap between the second hole and the connector, and the cooling hole on the drill bit through the third hole; The inside of the sleeve is communicated with the cooling hole on the drill bit through the stepped hole of the connector.

2. The integrated bolt for drilling and anchor inspection in coal mines according to claim 1, wherein: A mixer is arranged in the small-diameter section of the stepped hole.

3. An anchoring method for the integrated bolt for drilling and anchoring inspection in coal mines according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Drilling the anchor bolt hole: Set the joint outside the torque nut, with the joint abutting against the retaining piece of the torque nut. The joint rotates synchronously with the anchor bolt body. The rotation of the anchor bolt body drives the drill bit to drill holes until the anchor bolt body reaches the position. Low-pressure water flows out from the cooling holes of the drill bit through the low-pressure water channel to cool and lubricate the drill bit. The torque during the rotation of the anchor bolt body is M1, and the maximum torque that the anchor bolt body can withstand when fixed is N1, and M1 < N1. S2. Fixing the anchor bolt: Stop supplying low-pressure water, and send high-pressure water through the inner part of the joint. The high-pressure water enters the sleeve and squeezes the sealing piston. The sealing piston squeezes the resin cartridge, and the resin in the resin cartridge is extruded through the grease injection channel into the anchor bolt hole to fix the anchor bolt body. S3. Reinforcing with the backing plate: The joint retreats so that the distance between the limit groove and the retaining piece of the torque nut is a. Apply a torque of M1 to the anchor bolt body. The torque nut rotates to break off the retaining piece and press the backing plate tightly outside the anchor bolt hole.

4. The anchoring method according to claim 3, wherein: The following steps are also included in step S2: S21. Crushing the resin cartridge: The sealing piston squeezes the resin cartridge to move towards the cutting tool. After the resin cartridge contacts the cutting tool, its outer skin is broken, and the resin in the resin cartridge is extruded through the breakage opening.

5. The anchoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are also included in step S21: S211. The iron head at the end of the resin cartridge contacts the card hole, the cutting blade breaks the outer skin of the resin cartridge, the resin in the resin cartridge is extruded through the breakage opening, and the resin breaks through the sealing layer and is discharged through the cooling holes of the drill bit.

6. The anchoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are also included in step S1: S11. The low-pressure water sequentially enters the low-pressure channel, between the connector and the adapter, and then enters the drill bit cooling hole after passing through the adapter. The following steps are also included after step S211: S212. After the resin extrudes through the sealing layer, it flows into the first hole to squeeze the sealing ring, and the sealing ring moves to the tapered section to block the low-pressure water channel.

7. The anchoring method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are also included in step S211: S2111. The resin enters the stepped hole, is mixed by the mixer, and is discharged through the cooling holes of the drill bit.

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