A method and device for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for acquiring equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets, including: inputting seismic data and extracting a seismic waveform sequence from the seismic data according to preset parameters, extracting seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forming a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence, extracting two adjacent seismic wavelets from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence and forming a seismic wavelet pair sequence, deforming all seismic wavelet pairs in sequence and forming a corresponding gradual seismic wavelet sequence, and constructing and outputting a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence. The patent of the present invention proposes an equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelet acquisition method and device, which uses a two-dimensional image deformation algorithm to interpolate seismic wavelets to form a continuous time-varying wavelet sequence, which not only realizes that the seismic wavelets in the seismic imaging space are time-varying, but also ensures that the changes in the seismic wavelets are continuous, and does not cause a large amount of computing resources. Consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of seismic data processing, and in particular to a method and device for acquiring equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets. Background Art

[0002] A seismic wavelet extraction method proposed in accordance with a Chinese invention patent / invention patent (application number: CN201710501413.1) may include: obtaining reflection coefficient sequences and corresponding wellside seismic traces of multiple wells based on well data and seismic data, wherein the reflection coefficient sequences of multiple wells are represented by a reflection coefficient matrix, and the corresponding wellside seismic traces are represented by a wellside seismic trace matrix; establishing a dictionary learning equation for the seismic wavelet matrix based on the reflection coefficient matrix and the wellside seismic trace matrix; establishing an objective function based on the reflection coefficient matrix, the wellside seismic trace matrix and the seismic wavelet matrix, and calculating the seismic wavelet matrix that minimizes the value of the objective function as the final seismic wavelet matrix; extracting and processing the final seismic wavelet matrix to obtain an average wavelet, so that accurate and efficient seismic wavelet extraction can be performed on multiple wells at the same time.

[0003] Existing methods realize wavelet shaping to obtain the seismic wavelet of each sampling point in the seismic imaging space in advance, and transform these seismic wavelets into standard waveforms. However, in the process of obtaining existing seismic wavelets, on the one hand, due to the reflection, transmission and scattering of the strata, the seismic wavelets overlap and interfere with each other, and a single seismic wavelet basically does not exist, that is, the seismic wavelet is often unknown, and it is necessary to use certain mathematical algorithms to estimate the seismic wavelet from the seismic records approximately. On the other hand, the estimation of seismic wavelets mainly depends on the inversion algorithm, which inevitably leads to a huge amount of calculation. It is unrealistic to estimate the seismic wavelets at sample points. In engineering practice, it is often assumed that seismic wavelets are time-invariant, and only one wavelet is estimated for one seismic trace. With the improvement of computer computing power, many geophysicists try to use a limited number of time-varying wavelets for seismic processing. Due to the large wavelet distance, the shapes of these wavelets may vary greatly, which will cause a sudden change in the continuity of the processed seismic response. Aiming at the effects of reduced seismic data resolution and poor continuity of seismic response caused by the assumption of non-time-varying or finite time-varying seismic wavelets in seismic processing, a method and device for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems raised by the existing background technology, to realize the interpolation of seismic wavelets by using a two-dimensional image deformation algorithm to form a continuous time-varying wavelet sequence, so as to realize that the seismic wavelets in the seismic imaging space are time-varying, and to ensure that the changes of the seismic wavelets are continuous, and will not cause a large consumption of computing resources. For the above invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method and device for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S101 inputs seismic data and extracts a seismic waveform sequence from the seismic data according to preset parameters;

[0006] S102 extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forms a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence;

[0007] S103 extracts two adjacent seismic wavelets from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence and forms a seismic wavelet pair sequence;

[0008] S104 sequentially performs deformation processing on all seismic wavelet pairs and forms corresponding gradual seismic wavelet sequences;

[0009] S105 constructs and outputs a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, S101 inputs seismic data and extracts a seismic waveform sequence from the seismic data according to preset parameters, pre-sets the length of the seismic wavelet for extracting the seismic waveform time window radius and the seismic wavelet interval of the seismic wavelet, determines the extraction position and range of the seismic wavelet according to the three parameters, inputs seismic data and extracts a seismic waveform sequence from the seismic data, each seismic waveform sequence is a one-dimensional array, the position of the wavelet is the time corresponding to the sampling point at the center point of the time window for extracting the wavelet, and assumes that the time window radius is , then the time window width is , accordingly, the position of the first wavelet is , the range of the seismic trace used to extract the seismic wavelet is , if the extraction interval of seismic wavelet is , then the position of the second wavelet is , the range of the seismic trace used to extract the seismic wavelet is , and so on. The above parameters are measured in milliseconds (ms). The number of seismic waveform sequences is determined by the number of seismic wavelets to be extracted. Suppose the length of the seismic trace is , then the number of seismic wavelets to be extracted is .

[0011] As the preferred technical solution of the present application, S102 extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forms a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence. According to the seismic wavelet extraction method, seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic waveform sequence and form a seismic wavelet sequence. The lengths of all seismic wavelets should be equal because these wavelets are extracted from seismic waveforms at different times and change with the propagation time of the seismic waves. Therefore, they are called time-varying seismic wavelets. There is no restriction on the technology and method for extracting seismic wavelets.

[0012] As the preferred technical solution of the present application, S102 extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forms a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence, extracts at least two seismic wavelets, and names these seismic wavelets as time-varying seismic wavelets. If only one seismic wavelet can be extracted, the wavelet is used as the seismic wavelet at all sampling points within the seismic measurement range to form a seismic wavelet sequence and output it without the need to implement subsequent steps.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, S103 describes extracting two adjacent seismic wavelets from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence to form a seismic wavelet pair sequence, starting from the head of the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence, extracting two adjacent seismic wavelets from the seismic wavelet sequence in sequence to form a seismic wavelet pair, and naming the wavelet in the front position as the "starting terminal wavelet" and the wavelet in the back position as the "terminal wavelet", and the number of seismic wavelet pairs is determined by the number of seismic wavelets in the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, S104 sequentially deforms all the seismic wavelet pairs and forms a corresponding gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence, regards the seismic wavelet as a two-dimensional image and uses an image deformation algorithm to deform the seismic wavelet, and then combines a preset number of seismic wavelets with different but gradually changing deformation degrees into a gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence. The sequentially deforming all the seismic wavelet pairs and forming a corresponding gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence includes three sub-steps:

[0015] S201 calculates the deformation at all sampling points in the seismic wavelet pair and forms a seismic wavelet deformation sequence;

[0016] S202 performs seismic wavelet deformation processing based on the seismic wavelet deformation amount sequence;

[0017] S203 constructs a gradual seismic wavelet sequence between seismic wavelet pairs.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, S201 calculates the deformation at all sampling points in the seismic wavelet pair and forms a seismic wavelet deformation sequence, sequentially calculates the difference in amplitude at each sampling point in the terminal wavelet and the initial wavelet, and combines them into a seismic wavelet deformation sequence in the order of the sampling points, and S202 performs seismic wavelet deformation processing based on the seismic wavelet deformation sequence, first determines the number of seismic wavelets to be interpolated according to the distance between the seismic wavelet pairs, then divides the seismic wavelet deformation into equal parts, and the equal parts are equal to the number of seismic wavelets to be interpolated, and finally sequentially divides the amplitude of the initial wavelet in the seismic wavelet pair into the same part. The amplitude is added to the deformation of the equally divided seismic wavelet to form a series of new seismic wavelets. S203 constructing a gradual seismic wavelet sequence between seismic wavelet pairs refers to inserting a series of seismic wavelets obtained by wavelet deformation between the initial terminal wavelet and the terminal wavelet, and together with the two, forming a gradual seismic wavelet sequence corresponding to the seismic wavelet pair. Constructing and outputting a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence refers to combining the gradual seismic wavelet sequences between all seismic wavelet pairs in sequence, end to end, to form a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence that is consistent with the number of seismic sampling points and corresponds one to one.

[0019] As the preferred technical solution of the present application, it includes the following modules: seismic waveform input module; seismic wavelet extraction module; seismic wavelet pair construction module; seismic wavelet deformation module; full time domain continuous time-varying wavelet sequence construction module.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the seismic waveform input module is a computer hardware or software module used to extract seismic waveforms from input seismic data according to preset parameters and input them into the seismic wavelet extraction module in the form of a one-dimensional sequence. The seismic wavelet extraction module is a computer hardware or software module used to extract seismic wavelets from seismic waveforms and form a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence. The seismic wavelet pair construction module is a computer hardware or software module used to select two adjacent seismic wavelets (respectively, an initial terminal wavelet and a terminal terminal wavelet) from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence to form a series of seismic wavelet pairs. The seismic wavelet deformation module deforms the seismic wavelets and then combines a preset number of seismic wavelets with different but gradually changing deformation degrees into a computer hardware or software module of a gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence. The full-time domain continuous seismic wavelet sequence construction module is a computer hardware or software module used to combine the gradually changing seismic wavelet sequences between all seismic wavelet pairs in sequence end to end to form a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence that is consistent with the number of seismic sampling points and corresponds one to one.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the seismic wavelet deformation module includes three submodules: a seismic wavelet deformation calculation module; a seismic wavelet linear deformation module; and a gradual seismic wavelet sequence construction module.

[0022] The seismic wavelet deformation calculation module is a computer hardware or software module used to calculate the wavelet deformation between the terminal wavelet and the initial wavelet and combine them into a wavelet deformation sequence. The seismic wavelet linear deformation module is a computer hardware or software module used to insert one or more gradual wavelets between the initial wavelet and the terminal wavelet. The gradual seismic wavelet sequence construction module inserts a series of seismic wavelets obtained by wavelet deformation between the initial wavelet and the terminal wavelet, and together with the two, it forms a computer hardware or software module of a gradual seismic wavelet sequence corresponding to the seismic wavelet pair.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in the scheme of the present application: by using a two-dimensional image deformation algorithm to interpolate the seismic wavelets to form a continuous time-varying wavelet sequence, it is possible to realize that the seismic wavelets in the seismic imaging space are time-varying, and ensure that the changes in the seismic wavelets are continuous without causing a large consumption of computing resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the seismic wavelet deformation method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelet acquisition device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a seismic wavelet deformation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 A seismic trace and three seismic waveform sequences extracted from the seismic trace in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Three seismic waveform sequences and extracted seismic wavelets in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 is a seismic wavelet deformation sequence between the first wavelet and the second wavelet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 is a seismic wavelet deformation sequence between the second wavelet and the third wavelet in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence obtained based on the seismic wavelet deformation technology in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiment is a specific implementation of the present invention and is not limited to all embodiments.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents some embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions therein can be combined with each other. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0036] Example: See Figure 1-4 , a method for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets, including five key steps, namely, seismic data input and seismic waveform extraction, seismic wavelet extraction and time-varying seismic wavelet sequence construction, seismic wavelet pair construction, seismic wavelet deformation processing and full-time domain seismic wavelet construction;

[0037] See also Figure 2 The flow chart of the seismic wavelet deformation method according to the present invention is described, corresponding to Figure 1 The fourth step in is a further description of this step. In the present invention, the seismic wavelet deformation method includes three key steps, namely, calculation of seismic wavelet deformation, linear deformation of seismic wavelet and construction of gradual seismic wavelet sequence;

[0038] See also Figure 3 The structure diagram of a device for acquiring continuous time-varying seismic wavelets of equal length is described. Figure 1 The steps in the described method for acquiring equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets are basically the same. The described device for acquiring equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets comprises five key modules, namely, a seismic waveform input module, a seismic wavelet extraction module, a seismic wavelet pair construction module, a seismic wavelet deformation module and a full-time domain continuous seismic wavelet sequence construction module;

[0039] See also Figure 4 The structure diagram of the seismic wavelet deformation device is described. Figure 2 The steps in the described seismic wavelet deformation method are basically the same. The seismic wavelet deformation device comprises three key modules, namely, a seismic wavelet deformation calculation module, a seismic wavelet linear deformation module and a gradual seismic wavelet construction module;

[0040] See also Figure 5-Figure 9 This is a specific embodiment, which specifically illustrates the specific implementation method and application effect of the method and device for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets of the present invention. In this specific embodiment, for the sake of clear description and concise expression, a seismic trace is selected as the implementation object, and firstly, three seismic wavelets are equally spaced from the seismic trace, and then three gradually varying seismic wavelets are equally spaced between the three seismic wavelets to form a continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence;

[0041] See also Figure 5 The seismic traces and the extracted seismic waveform sequences are shown, where (a) is a seismic trace with a length of 2600ms and a sampling interval of 2ms, and (b) is three seismic waveforms extracted from (a). The center position of the upper seismic waveform is 1000ms, the center position of the middle seismic waveform is 2000ms, and the center position of the lower seismic waveform is 3000ms. The lengths of the above seismic waveforms are all 200ms.

[0042] See also Figure 6 The seismic waveforms extracted above and the seismic wavelets extracted from the corresponding waveforms are shown. The wavelets are extracted using a statistical method, wherein the bandwidth of the w1 wavelet is about 30 Hz and the main frequency is about 35 Hz; the bandwidth of the w2 wavelet is about 17 Hz and the main frequency is about 23 Hz; the bandwidth of the w3 wavelet is about 12 Hz and the main frequency is about 15 Hz. From the characteristic parameters of the above three wavelets, as the seismic waves propagate into the depths of the strata, the main frequency of the seismic wavelets gradually decreases and the bandwidth gradually decreases, indicating that the time-varying characteristics of the seismic wavelets are quite obvious.

[0043] See also Figure 7 The seismic wavelet deformation sequence between the w1 wavelet and the w2 wavelet calculated based on the image deformation technology in the embodiment of the present invention is shown. As mentioned above, the w1 wavelet is equivalent to the initial terminal wavelet, and the w2 wavelet is equivalent to the terminal wavelet. The two together form a seismic wavelet pair. The deformation of each wavelet to be inserted can be calculated based on the image deformation technology. In order to make the method easy to describe and the illustrations clear, three wavelets (w12_1, w12_2 and w12_3) are inserted in this embodiment, so it is necessary to calculate three wavelet deformation sequences, and subsequent seismic wavelet deformations are all realized by relying on these wavelet deformation sequences;

[0044] See also Figure 8 The seismic wavelet deformation sequence between the w2 wavelet and the w3 wavelet calculated based on the image deformation technology in the embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 7Similarly, the w2 wavelet is equivalent to the initial subwavelet, and the w3 wavelet is equivalent to the terminal wavelet, and the two together form a seismic wavelet pair. In this embodiment, three wavelets (w23_1, w23_2 and w23_3) are also inserted, so three wavelet deformation sequences need to be calculated;

[0045] See also Fig. 9 The continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence obtained based on image deformation technology is shown. Fig. 9 The three sub-waves w1, w2 and w3 shown in (b) are derived from Fig. 9 The image deformation technique is used to insert three wavelets into the two seismic wavelet pairs, wherein the wavelets inserted into w1 and w2 are w12_1, w12_2 and w12_3, and the wavelets inserted into w2 and w3 are w23_1, w23_2 and w23_3. These wavelets, together with the three wavelets w1, w2 and w3, form a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence containing 9 wavelets.

[0046] It should be noted that, in the above specific embodiment, only three wavelets are inserted into a seismic wavelet pair, and the distance between the wavelets is 250ms. The distance between the wavelets to be inserted can be adjusted as needed. In extreme cases, the distance between the wavelets can be set to 2ms (consistent with the seismic data sampling interval), that is, the corresponding seismic wavelet can be obtained at each sampling point in the seismic imaging space through the image deformation technology;

[0047] In summary, the method and device for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets provided by the embodiment of the present invention can obtain a continuous seismic wavelet sequence based on finite wavelets through image deformation technology, and ensure that the seismic wavelets present gradual characteristics;

[0048] Working principle: During use, the present invention comprises the following steps: S101 inputs seismic data and extracts a seismic waveform sequence from the seismic data according to preset parameters; pre-sets the length of the seismic wavelet for extracting the seismic waveform time window radius and the seismic wavelet interval of the seismic wavelet, determines the extraction position and range of the seismic wavelet according to the three parameters, inputs seismic data and extracts a seismic waveform sequence from the seismic data, each seismic waveform sequence is a one-dimensional array, the position of the wavelet is the time corresponding to the sampling point at the center point of the time window for extracting the wavelet, and the time window radius is set to , then the time window width is , accordingly, the position of the first wavelet is , the range of the seismic trace used to extract the seismic wavelet is , if the extraction interval of seismic wavelet is , then the position of the second wavelet is , the range of the seismic trace used to extract the seismic wavelet is , and so on. The above parameters are measured in milliseconds (ms). The number of seismic waveform sequences is determined by the number of seismic wavelets to be extracted. Suppose the length of the seismic trace is , then the number of seismic wavelets to be extracted is , S102 extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forms a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence, extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform sequence according to the seismic wavelet extraction method, and forms a seismic wavelet sequence, the lengths of all seismic wavelets should be equal, the wavelets are extracted from the seismic waveform at different times, and change with the propagation time of the seismic wave, at least two seismic wavelets are extracted, and these seismic wavelets are named time-varying seismic wavelets, if only one seismic wavelet can be extracted, the wavelet is used as the seismic wavelet at all sampling points within the seismic measurement range, and a seismic wavelet sequence is formed and output without the need to implement subsequent steps; S103 extracts two adjacent seismic wavelets from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence and forms a seismic wavelet pair sequence from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence Starting from the head of the wavelet sequence, two adjacent seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic wavelet sequence in turn to form a seismic wavelet pair, and the wavelet in the front position is named "starting terminal wavelet", and the wavelet in the back position is named "terminal wavelet", and the number of seismic wavelet pairs is determined by the number of seismic wavelets in the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence; S104 sequentially deforms all seismic wavelet pairs and forms a corresponding gradual seismic wavelet sequence, regards the seismic wavelet as a two-dimensional image and uses an image deformation algorithm to deform the seismic wavelet, and then combines a preset number of seismic wavelets with different but gradually changing deformation degrees into a gradual seismic wavelet sequence, and sequentially deforms all seismic wavelet pairs to form a corresponding gradual seismic wavelet sequence, including 3 Sub-steps: S201 calculates the deformation at all sampling points in the seismic wavelet pair and forms a seismic wavelet deformation sequence; S202 performs seismic wavelet deformation processing based on the seismic wavelet deformation sequence; S203 constructs a gradual seismic wavelet sequence between seismic wavelet pairs; S105 constructs and outputs a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence. S201 calculates the deformation at all sampling points in the seismic wavelet pair and forms a seismic wavelet deformation sequence. The difference in amplitude value at each sampling point in the terminal wavelet and the initial wavelet is calculated in turn, and they are combined into a seismic wavelet deformation sequence in the order of the sampling points. S202 performs seismic wavelet deformation processing based on the seismic wavelet deformation sequence. First, the number of seismic wavelets to be interpolated is determined according to the distance between the seismic wavelet pairs, and then Then the seismic wavelet deformation is divided into equal parts, and the equal parts are equal to the number of seismic wavelets to be interpolated. Finally, the amplitude values ​​of the initial terminal wavelets in the seismic wavelet pair are added to the equally divided seismic wavelet deformation amounts in turn to form a series of new seismic wavelets. S203 The construction of a gradual seismic wavelet sequence between seismic wavelet pairs refers to inserting a series of seismic wavelets obtained by wavelet deformation between the initial terminal wavelet and the terminal wavelet, and forming a gradual seismic wavelet sequence corresponding to the seismic wavelet pair together with the two. The construction and output of a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence refers to combining the gradual seismic wavelet sequences between all seismic wavelet pairs in sequence, end to end, to form a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence that is consistent with the number of seismic sampling points and corresponds one to one.

[0049] The seismic waveform input module is a computer hardware or software module used to extract seismic waveforms from input seismic data according to preset parameters and input them into the seismic wavelet extraction module in the form of a one-dimensional sequence. The seismic wavelet extraction module is a computer hardware or software module used to extract seismic wavelets from seismic waveforms and form a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence. The seismic wavelet pair construction module is a computer hardware or software module used to select two adjacent seismic wavelets (the initial terminal wavelet and the terminal terminal wavelet, respectively) from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence to form a series of seismic wavelet pairs. The seismic wavelet deformation module is a computer hardware or software module used to deform the seismic wavelets and then combine a preset number of seismic wavelets with different but gradually changing deformation degrees into a gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence. The full-time domain continuous seismic wavelet sequence construction module is used to construct the gradually changing seismic wavelet sequences between all seismic wavelet pairs in a one-dimensional sequence. The computer hardware or software module is connected end to end in sequence to form a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence that is consistent with the number of seismic sampling points and corresponds one to one. The seismic wavelet deformation module includes three submodules: a seismic wavelet deformation calculation module; a seismic wavelet linear deformation module; and a gradual seismic wavelet sequence construction module. The seismic wavelet deformation calculation module is used to calculate the wavelet deformation between the terminal wavelet and the starting wavelet and combine them into a wavelet deformation sequence. The seismic wavelet linear deformation module is used to insert one or more gradual wavelets between the starting wavelet and the terminal wavelet. The gradual seismic wavelet sequence construction module inserts a series of seismic wavelets obtained by wavelet deformation between the starting wavelet and the terminal wavelet, and together with the two, forms a computer hardware or software module of a gradual seismic wavelet sequence corresponding to the seismic wavelet pair.

[0050] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc., which contain computer-usable program code.

[0051] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as the combination of the processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 a device with the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks;

[0052] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more boxes;

[0053] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S101 inputs seismic data and extracts a seismic waveform sequence from the seismic data according to preset parameters; S102 extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forms a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence; S103 extracts two adjacent seismic wavelets from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence and forms a seismic wavelet pair sequence; S104 sequentially deforms all the seismic wavelet pairs and forms a corresponding gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence, specifically comprising: treating the seismic wavelet as a two-dimensional image and using an image deformation algorithm to deform the seismic wavelet, and then combining a preset number of seismic wavelets with different but gradually changing deformation degrees into a gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence. The sequentially deforming all the seismic wavelet pairs and forming a corresponding gradually changing seismic wavelet sequence comprises three sub-steps: S201 calculates the deformation at all sampling points in the seismic wavelet pair and forms a seismic wavelet deformation sequence, calculates the difference in amplitude value at each sampling point in the terminal wavelet and the initial wavelet in sequence, and combines them into a seismic wavelet deformation sequence in the order of the sampling points. S202 performs seismic wavelet deformation processing based on the seismic wavelet deformation amount sequence, firstly determines the number of seismic wavelets to be interpolated according to the distance between the seismic wavelet pairs, then divides the seismic wavelet deformation amount into equal parts, and the equal parts are equal to the number of seismic wavelets to be interpolated, and finally sequentially adds the amplitude value of the initial subwave in the seismic wavelet pair to the seismic wavelet deformation amount after the equal division, so as to form a series of new seismic wavelets; S203 constructs a gradual seismic wavelet sequence between the seismic wavelet pairs, specifically comprising: inserting a series of seismic wavelets obtained by wavelet deformation between the initial terminal wavelet and the terminal wavelet, and forming a gradual seismic wavelet sequence corresponding to the seismic wavelet pair together with the two; S105 constructs and outputs a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence, which means that the gradual seismic wavelet sequences between all seismic wavelet pairs are combined end to end in order to form a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence that is consistent with the number of seismic sampling points and corresponds one to one.

2. The method for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets according to claim 1, characterized in that: S101 inputs seismic data and extracts seismic waveform sequences from the seismic data according to preset parameters, pre-sets the length of the seismic wavelet for extracting the seismic waveform time window radius and the seismic wavelet interval of the seismic wavelet, determines the extraction position and range of the seismic wavelet according to the three parameters, inputs seismic data and extracts seismic waveform sequences from the seismic data, each seismic waveform sequence is a one-dimensional array, the position of the wavelet is the time corresponding to the sampling point at the center point of the time window for extracting the wavelet, and assumes that the time window radius is , then the time window width is , accordingly, the position of the first wavelet is , the range of the seismic trace used to extract the seismic wavelet is , if the extraction interval of seismic wavelet is , then the position of the second wavelet is , the range of the seismic trace used to extract the seismic wavelet is , and so on. The above parameters are measured in milliseconds. The number of seismic waveform sequences is determined by the number of seismic wavelets to be extracted. Suppose the length of the seismic trace is , then the number of seismic wavelets to be extracted is .

3. The method for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets according to claim 1, characterized in that: S102 extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forms a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence. According to the seismic wavelet extraction method, seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic waveform sequence and form a seismic wavelet sequence. The lengths of all seismic wavelets should be equal. The wavelets are extracted from the seismic waveform at different times and change with the propagation time of the seismic wave.

4. The method for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets according to claim 1, characterized in that: S102 extracts seismic wavelets from the seismic waveform according to preset parameters and forms a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence, extracts at least two seismic wavelets, and names these seismic wavelets as time-varying seismic wavelets. If only one seismic wavelet can be extracted, the wavelet is used as the seismic wavelet at all sampling points within the seismic measurement range to form a seismic wavelet sequence and output it without implementing subsequent steps.

5. The method for obtaining equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets according to claim 1, characterized in that: S103 describes extracting two adjacent seismic wavelets from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence to form a seismic wavelet pair sequence. Starting from the head of the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence, two adjacent seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic wavelet sequence in sequence to form a seismic wavelet pair. The wavelet at the front position is named "starting terminal wavelet", and the wavelet at the back position is named "terminating wavelet". The number of seismic wavelet pairs is determined by the number of seismic wavelets in the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence.

6. A device for acquiring a continuous time-varying seismic wavelet of equal length, the device being used to implement the method for acquiring a continuous time-varying seismic wavelet of equal length as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes the following modules: seismic waveform input module, seismic wavelet extraction module, seismic wavelet pair construction module, seismic wavelet deformation module and full time domain continuous time-varying wavelet sequence construction module.

7. The device for acquiring equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets according to claim 6, characterized in that: The seismic waveform input module is a computer hardware or software module used to extract seismic waveforms from input seismic data according to preset parameters and input them into the seismic wavelet extraction module in the form of a one-dimensional sequence. The seismic wavelet extraction module is a computer hardware or software module used to extract seismic wavelets from seismic waveforms and form a time-varying seismic wavelet sequence. The seismic wavelet pair construction module is a computer hardware or software module used to select two adjacent seismic wavelets from the time-varying seismic wavelet sequence in sequence, wherein the adjacent seismic wavelets are the starting terminal wavelet and the terminal terminal wavelet, respectively, to form a series of seismic wavelet pairs. The seismic wavelet deformation module is a computer hardware or software module that deforms the seismic wavelets and then combines a preset number of seismic wavelets with different but gradually changing deformation degrees into a gradual seismic wavelet sequence. The full-time domain continuous seismic wavelet sequence construction module is a computer hardware or software module used to combine the gradual seismic wavelet sequences between all seismic wavelet pairs in sequence end to end to form a full-time domain continuous time-varying seismic wavelet sequence that is consistent with the number of seismic sampling points and corresponds one to one.

8. The device for acquiring equal-length continuous time-varying seismic wavelets according to claim 6, characterized in that: The seismic wavelet deformation module includes three submodules: a seismic wavelet deformation calculation module, a seismic wavelet linear deformation module and a gradual seismic wavelet sequence construction module; The earthquake wavelet deformation calculation module is a computer hardware or software module used to calculate the wavelet deformation between the terminal wavelet and the initial wavelet and combine them into a wavelet deformation sequence; The seismic wavelet linear deformation module is a computer hardware or software module for inserting one or more gradual wavelets between the initial wavelet and the terminal wavelet; The gradual seismic wavelet sequence construction module inserts a series of seismic wavelets obtained by wavelet deformation between the initial terminal wavelet and the terminal wavelet, and together with the two, forms a computer hardware or software module of a gradual seismic wavelet sequence corresponding to the seismic wavelet pair.

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