A tunnel waterproof structure and a construction method of the tunnel waterproof structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to a waterproof structure for a tunnel, including a waterproof layer. The waterproof layer includes a drainage and waterproof board, which includes a water-permeable surface, a waterproof surface opposite to the water-permeable surface, and a drainage channel provided in the drainage and waterproof board. The waterproof surface faces the center direction of the tunnel, and the drainage channel is connected to a drainage pipe. The waterproof structure for the tunnel of the present invention uses a drainage and waterproof board that integrates drainage and waterproofing for waterproof treatment of the tunnel. The drainage structure of the present invention can drain the seepage water in the rock mass or soil body of the entire cross-section of the tunnel, reduce the water pressure borne by the waterproof structure in the drainage and waterproof integrated structure, effectively reduce the leakage of the tunnel, and at the same time, the drainage and waterproof integrated structure simplifies the construction procedure and improves the construction efficiency. The present invention also relates to a construction method for the above-mentioned waterproof structure for a tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a waterproof structure for a tunnel, and the present invention also relates to a construction method of the above-mentioned tunnel waterproof structure. Background Art

[0002] The tunnel is buried underground, and the underground aquifer includes various types of water. Groundwater can usually find various tiny fissures to form leakage. The impurities in the groundwater can also corrode the equipment and reinforced concrete in the tunnel, shortening its service life. Therefore, waterproof measures are usually required for the tunnel. Common methods include setting a waterproof layer and drainage pipes in the tunnel, and discharging the water out of the tunnel using the tunnel slope.

[0003] Tunnel drainage is usually used in combination with a waterproof layer. For example, drainage pipes are set on the excavated rock surface or soil surface to drain the water in the rock mass and reduce the groundwater pressure, and then a sealed waterproof layer is set to prevent groundwater leakage. The drawback is that the pipes cannot cover the entire cross-section of the tunnel, and relatively high water pressure will be generated locally in the waterproof layer, resulting in leakage at weak points such as the joints of the waterproof board. In addition, during construction, it is necessary to separately lay out the drainage system and carry out the construction of the waterproof layer, and the project is complex. For example, the waterproof layer usually uses a plastic waterproof membrane, which is difficult to fix to the rock surface and is easily stabbed and damaged by the rock surface. The waterproof membrane is easily broken by vibration during the concrete pouring process of the lining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel waterproof structure that integrates drainage and waterproofing to simplify the construction procedure. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a drainage structure that can act on the entire cross-section of the tunnel. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a construction method of the above-mentioned tunnel waterproof structure.

[0005] The permeability of the rock mass and soil mass through which the tunnel passes is usually low, especially for the rock mass. The water in the rock mass generally seeps along the fissures of the rock mass. The tunneling or blasting activities during the construction process of the tunnel project disturb the rock mass, and a large number of fissures are generated in the excavated rock mass of the tunnel. In addition, during the long-term operation of the tunnel, the structure of the rock mass or soil mass will change to a certain extent, and these fissures will develop and change. The fissures that were originally only in part of the rock mass may extend to the waterproof layer of the tunnel after development, and it is very difficult to comprehensively predict the development of the fissures. Therefore, new confined water flows may appear on the entire cross-section of the tunnel. Since the set pipes cannot cover the entire cross-section, for these newly emerging confined seepages, the drainage grooves cannot drain them away. Due to the low permeability of the waterproof layer and other parts of the rock mass, this part of the seepage will accumulate here, which will cause relatively high water pressure locally in the waterproof layer. As the fissures develop, this part of the seepage will also spread around, and finally leakage will occur at the weak points such as the joints of the waterproof board.

[0006] To this end, a tunnel waterproof structure of the present invention includes a waterproof layer, the waterproof layer includes a drainage board, the drainage board includes a water-permeable surface, a waterproof surface opposite to the water-permeable surface, and a drainage channel provided in the drainage board. The waterproof surface faces the center direction of the tunnel, and the drainage channel is connected to a drain pipe.

[0007] Further, the water-permeable surface includes a filtration membrane, the waterproof surface includes a waterproof membrane board, a support plate device is provided in the drainage board, and the filtration membrane and the waterproof membrane board are connected to the support plate device.

[0008] Further, the water-permeable surface is connected to a fixing layer provided outside the filtration membrane for fixing to the tunnel wall.

[0009] Further, the main body of the drainage board is telescopic, such that when installed, the two ends of the fixing plate protrude from the two ends of the main body of the drainage board after the main body of the drainage board shrinks for fixing the fixing layer on the tunnel wall, and when the installation is completed, the two ends of the fixing plate are flush with the two ends of the drainage board or inside the two ends of the drainage board.

[0010] Further, at least two support plate devices are provided in the drainage board, and an elastic layer is provided between the support plate devices.

[0011] Further, insertion-type waterproof joints are provided on both sides of the drainage board for mating with one side of an adjacent drainage board. A water-swellable rubber strip is provided in the waterproof joint, and the joints on both sides of adjacent drainage boards are fixed by double-seam welding.

[0012] Further, it also includes a leveling layer. The leveling layer includes a sprayed layer or a mortar layer on the tunnel wall, and the fixing layer is fixed to the leveling layer by nails.

[0013] Further, the waterproof surface is fixed to a shock-absorbing layer, and the shock-absorbing layer is suitable for connecting to a concrete layer.

[0014] The present invention also includes a construction method of the above tunnel waterproof structure, including the following steps:

[0015] (1) Spray concrete or apply a mortar layer on the excavated rock surface or soil surface to form a leveling layer several centimeters thick;

[0016] (2) Lay a drainage board on the leveling layer and fix the fixing layer to the leveling layer;

[0017] (3) Remove the clamping members pre-fixed on both sides of the drainage board, buckle the joints on both sides of the drainage board with the joints of an adjacent drainage board, and perform double-seam welding by hot welding;

[0018] (4) Connect the drainage channel of the drainage board to the drain pipe of the tunnel;

[0019] (5) Connect the connecting rod of the shock-absorbing layer to the steel mesh of the lining, and pour concrete to form an integral structure.

[0020] Further, the step (1) further includes pre-embedding a block in the leveling layer, and the block is provided with a groove for cooperating with the buckle; the step (2) includes inserting a flat-top buckle from the reserved hole of the fixing layer into the groove of the block to form a clamping connection.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] (1) The tunnel waterproof structure of the present invention includes a waterproof layer, and the waterproof layer includes a drainage and waterproof board. The upper and lower surfaces of the drainage and waterproof board are a water-permeable surface and a waterproof surface respectively. A drainage channel is provided inside the drainage and waterproof board. When seepage occurs at any position on the tunnel wall, the water flow enters the drainage channel through the water-permeable surface of the drainage and waterproof board, and the water flow is drained to the drain pipe or outside the tunnel under the action of the natural arc or slope of the drainage and waterproof board and the pressure of the seepage itself. The waterproof surface provided on the lower surface of the drainage and waterproof board can prevent a small amount of water flow from seeping into the lining, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of tunnel leakage.

[0023] (2) The present invention sets a single-sided water-permeable surface, a drainage channel in the middle, and a waterproof surface on the other side, integrating the drainage structure and the waterproof structure, eliminating the need for separate construction and simplifying the construction process.

[0024] (3) In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a fixing layer and a drainage and waterproof board body that can expand and contract relative to the fixing layer are provided, simultaneously solving the problems of difficult fixation of the drainage and waterproof board and the fixing layer protruding beyond both ends of the drainage and waterproof board, resulting in the drainage and waterproof board being unable to completely cover the tunnel cross-section.

[0025] (4) In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fixing layer and the shock-absorbing layer are provided to solve the problem of damage to the filtration membrane and waterproof membrane of the drainage and waterproof board caused by the excavation of rock surfaces, soil surfaces, and the pouring of concrete for the lining. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the tunnel and the waterproof structure;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the drainage and waterproof board;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the drainage and waterproof board;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the joint of the drainage and waterproof board;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the clamping connection between the fixing layer and the block.

[0031] Description of reference numerals: 1, waterproof layer; 2, waterproof and drainage board; 3, water-permeable surface; 301, filtration membrane; 4, waterproof surface; 401, waterproof membrane board; 5, drainage channel; 6, support plate device; 7, fixing layer; 701, reserved hole; 8, elastic layer; 9, clamping member; 10, waterproof joint; 11, rubber strip; 12, leveling layer; 13, shock-absorbing layer; 14, inlay block; 15, buckle. Detailed implementation mode

[0032] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following, in conjunction with the attached drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation mode, structure, features and their effects of the present invention as follows.

[0033] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a tunnel waterproof structure of the present invention includes a waterproof layer 1, the waterproof layer 1 includes a waterproof and drainage board 2, the waterproof and drainage board 2 includes a water-permeable surface 3, a waterproof surface 4 opposite to the water-permeable surface 3 and a drainage channel 5 provided in the waterproof and drainage board 2. The waterproof surface 4 faces the center direction of the tunnel, and the drainage channel 5 is connected to a drain pipe. The water-permeable surface 3 is provided on the side of the waterproof and drainage board 2 facing the excavated rock surface or soil surface. The water-permeable surface 3 includes a filtration membrane 301, such as geotextile. The function of the leakage membrane is to prevent impurities in the groundwater from entering the drainage channel 5 and causing blockage. The front and rear ends of the waterproof and drainage board 2 are connected to a drainage ditch or a drainage pipe. A waterproof membrane board 401 is provided on the waterproof surface 4 opposite to the water-permeable surface 3 and on both sides of the waterproof and drainage board 2. The waterproof membrane board 401 can be made of materials such as rubber, PVC or polyethylene. A waterproof membrane can also be provided on the waterproof surface 4, made of materials such as PVC or polyethylene, with a thickness usually of 1.0 - 3.0 mm. A support plate device 6 is provided in the waterproof and drainage board 2. The support plate device 6 is in a shape of multiple cross combinations and can be made of a plastic material with a certain elasticity, which is convenient for bending into the arc shape of the tunnel wall. Several larger drainage channels 5 are formed in the support plate device 6. The drainage channels 5 are usually arranged longitudinally to facilitate rapid drainage by utilizing the slope of the tunnel wall.

[0034] In the above embodiment, refer to Figure 3As shown, the water-permeable surface 3 is connected to the fixing layer 7 provided outside the percolation membrane 301 for fixing to the tunnel wall. The fixing layer 7 can be made of a highly permeable material or have a porous structure. In the prior art, the waterproof layer is usually made of materials such as PVC films. It is difficult to fix it to the excavated rock surface of the tunnel, and the rock surface is likely to damage the waterproof layer. Common methods include nailing plastic discs into the rock surface or the sprayed layer with nails, fixing the waterproof layer on the discs, and then welding adjacent films to form a sealed waterproof layer. In this embodiment, the fixing layer 7 is provided. The two ends of the fixing layer 7 are provided with reserved holes 701 for fixing the fixing layer 7 to the sprayed layer with cement nails. At the same time, the fixing layer 7 has high permeability. When there is seepage between the rock surface and the waterproof board, the seepage can penetrate in multiple directions along the fixing layer 7 and enter the drainage channel 5 from the water-permeable surface 3. When some drainage channels 5 of the drainage and waterproof board 2 are blocked or some areas of the percolation membrane 301 of the water-permeable surface are silted up, the seepage water can penetrate along the fixing layer 7 and enter the drainage channel 5 from other positions, making a single drainage and waterproof board form an integral body with adjacent drainage and waterproof boards, improving the effectiveness of the drainage and waterproof board 2.

[0035] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the main body of the drainage and waterproof board 2 is telescopic. When installed, the two sides of the fixing layer 7 protrude from both sides of the main body of the drainage and waterproof board 2 after the main body of the drainage and waterproof board 2 shrinks, for fixing the fixing layer 7 on the tunnel wall. When the installation is completed, the main body of the drainage and waterproof board 2 resets, and the two sides of the fixing layer 7 are flush with both sides of the drainage and waterproof board 2 or are inside the drainage and waterproof board 2. In the above embodiment, when fixing the sprayed layer and the fixing layer 7 by cement nails or other means, the two sides of the fixing layer 7 should protrude from both sides of the main body of the drainage and waterproof board 2, which is convenient for driving cement nails and the like into the sprayed layer. However, when connecting two adjacent drainage and waterproof boards 2, the water-permeable surface 3 of the drainage and waterproof board cannot completely cover the tunnel cross-section. In this embodiment, at least two support plate devices 6 are provided inside the drainage and waterproof board 2. An elastic layer 8 is provided between the support plate devices 6. The two sides of the fixing layer 7 are flush with or slightly shorter than both sides of the drainage and waterproof board 2. The two sides of the drainage and waterproof board 2 are pre-clamped with clamping members 9 so that the reserved holes 701 at both ends of the fixing layer 7 and the installation positions are exposed. During installation, after fixing the two ends of the fixing layer 7 to the sprayed layer, the clamping members 9 are removed, and the support plate devices 6 of the drainage and waterproof board 2 reset under the action of the elastic layer 8, and the two sides of the fixing layer 7 are flush with both sides of the drainage and waterproof board 2. In this embodiment, the clamping member 9 can be a U-shaped clamping member. The drainage and waterproof board 2 and the fixing layer 7 are connected by a slot and a key. The middle part of the fixing layer 7 is fixed to the middle part of the drainage and waterproof board 2, so that both sides of the drainage and waterproof board 2 can expand and contract relative to the fixing layer 7 and can firmly fix the drainage and waterproof board 2 and the fixing layer 7.

[0036] In the above embodiment, refer to Figure 4As shown, waterproof joints 10 are provided on both sides of the drainage board 2. The waterproof joints 10 are plug-in joints that cooperate with one end of the adjacent drainage board 2. A water-swellable rubber strip 11 is provided in the waterproof joint 10. The joints on both sides of the adjacent drainage boards 2 are fixed by double-seam welding using a thermal welding method.

[0037] In the above embodiment, it further includes a leveling layer 12. The leveling layer 12 includes a sprayed layer or a mortar layer on the tunnel wall. The sprayed layer is formed by spraying concrete on the excavated rock surface, and the mortar layer is formed by applying mortar on the excavated rock surface. The thickness is 2 - 3 cm. The fixing layer 7 can be fixed to the leveling layer 12 by nails.

[0038] In the above embodiment, referring to Figure 3 As shown, the waterproof surface 4 is fixed to the shock-absorbing layer 13. The shock-absorbing layer 13 is suitable for connecting to the concrete layer. The shock-absorbing layer 13 is made of shock-absorbing material. A connecting rod can also be provided on the shock-absorbing layer 13. The connecting rod can be provided with a convex part. The connecting rod and the convex part are connected to the reinforcement system of the lining. When the concrete pouring of the lining is completed, the shock-absorbing layer 13 can prevent the waterproof surface 4 from being damaged. At the same time, the connecting rod can enable the drainage board 2 to form a stable connection with the lining.

[0039] The present invention also includes a construction method for the above tunnel waterproof structure, which includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) Spray concrete or apply a mortar layer on the excavated rock surface or soil surface to form a leveling layer 12 with a thickness of several centimeters;

[0041] (2) Lay the drainage board 2 on the leveling layer 12 and fix the fixing layer 7 to the leveling layer 12;

[0042] (3) Remove the clamping members 9 pre-fixed at both ends of the drainage board 2, buckle the two ends of the drainage board 2 with the joints of the adjacent drainage board 2, and perform double-seam welding using a thermal welding method;

[0043] (4) Connect the drainage channel 5 of the drainage board 2 to the drain pipe of the tunnel;

[0044] (5) Connect the connecting rod of the shock-absorbing layer 13 to the steel mesh of the lining and pour concrete to form an integral structure.

[0045] In the above embodiment, referring to Figure 5 As shown, the step (1) further includes pre-embedding an insert block 14 in the leveling layer 12, and the insert block is provided with a groove for cooperating with a buckle; the step (2) includes inserting a flat-top buckle 15 from the reserved hole 701 of the fixing layer 7 into the groove of the insert block 14 to form a snap connection.

[0046] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments by using the above-disclosed technical content within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel waterproof structure, comprising a waterproof layer, characterized in that: The waterproof layer includes a drainage board, which includes a water-permeable surface, a waterproof surface opposite to the water-permeable surface, and a drainage channel provided in the drainage board. The waterproof surface faces the center direction of the tunnel, and the drainage channel is connected to a drain pipe; The water-permeable surface includes a filtration membrane, the waterproof surface includes a waterproof membrane board, and a support plate device is provided in the drainage board. The filtration membrane and the waterproof membrane board are connected to the support plate device; The water-permeable surface is connected to a fixing layer provided outside the filtration membrane for fixing to the tunnel wall; The main body of the drainage board is telescopic, such that when installed, the main body of the drainage board contracts so that both ends of the fixing plate protrude from both ends of the main body of the drainage board for fixing the fixing layer to the tunnel wall. When the installation is completed, both ends of the fixing plate are flush with both ends of the drainage board or are inside both ends of the drainage board.

2. The tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two support plate devices are provided in the drainage board, and an elastic layer is provided between the support plate devices.

3. The tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Insert-type waterproof joints are provided on both sides of the drainage board to cooperate with one side of an adjacent drainage board. A water-swellable rubber strip is provided in the waterproof joint, and the two sides of adjacent drainage boards are fixed by double-seam welding.

4. The tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a leveling layer, and the leveling layer includes a sprayed layer or a mortar layer on the tunnel wall. The fixing layer and the leveling layer are fixed by nails.

5. The tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The waterproof surface is fixed to a shock-absorbing layer, and the shock-absorbing layer is suitable for connecting to a concrete layer.

6. A construction method of the tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) Spray concrete or apply a mortar layer on the excavated rock surface or soil surface to form a leveling layer several centimeters thick; (2) Lay a drainage board on the leveling layer and fix the fixing layer to the leveling layer; (3) Remove the clamping members pre-fixed on both sides of the drainage board, buckle the joints on both sides of the drainage board with those of an adjacent drainage board, and perform double-seam welding by thermal welding; (4) Connect the drainage channel of the drainage board to the drain pipe of the tunnel; (5) Connect the connecting rod of the shock-absorbing layer to the steel bar mesh of the lining, and pour concrete to form an integral structure.

7. The construction method of the tunnel waterproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step (1) also includes pre-embedding inserts in the leveling layer, and grooves for cooperating with buckles are provided in the inserts; the step (2) includes using flat-top buckles to insert into the reserved holes of the fixing layer and into the grooves of the inserts to form a clamping connection.

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